USA > Indiana > Jay County > Historical hand-atlas, illustrated : containing twelve farm maps, and History of Jay County, Indiana > Part 34
Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).
Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Part 4 | Part 5 | Part 6 | Part 7 | Part 8 | Part 9 | Part 10 | Part 11 | Part 12 | Part 13 | Part 14 | Part 15 | Part 16 | Part 17 | Part 18 | Part 19 | Part 20 | Part 21 | Part 22 | Part 23 | Part 24 | Part 25 | Part 26 | Part 27 | Part 28 | Part 29 | Part 30 | Part 31 | Part 32 | Part 33 | Part 34 | Part 35 | Part 36 | Part 37 | Part 38 | Part 39 | Part 40 | Part 41 | Part 42 | Part 43 | Part 44 | Part 45 | Part 46 | Part 47 | Part 48 | Part 49 | Part 50 | Part 51 | Part 52 | Part 53 | Part 54 | Part 55 | Part 56 | Part 57 | Part 58 | Part 59 | Part 60 | Part 61 | Part 62 | Part 63 | Part 64 | Part 65 | Part 66 | Part 67
eck Inridge
· Teir lile
CO LIO IREAED O
Ute Peak
Rive
CLEA
Bufret WuwerkEine
the , ROAN . Or
Tifle Credk
RAND
RIVER
Battle MM
Creek
63
K
GREEN S
Und Land
Weary
"Chart.
Creek
Surris
Bầuf Wach
HITE
S.Fork 05
H
RIVER
Crack
Deception
River
ARK
W EVE
Longitude West from Greenwich.
T
R
Yellow Jacket Spring
Plateau
Pidgeons
Uncompahare Creek
ParkRio de ml
Natyfrita Creek
White
PRINCIPAL
Maouray AS
cookstille
OCHET
SIERRA ABAJO RA
Bubre.
San Is
Sa
DOLORESMTS
"NEW MEXICO
G
Crock
Pegasm Spring
L Ute Peak A
zio Chama 5
R
vite
4. Fork of
CRE
L
128
Map of Colorado.
129
co 1090 4
5
6
7
8 108º 9
11
12
13
107° 14
17
18 106° 19
20
21
23 105° 24
28
104>29
31
32 33 103€ 34
35
37
38 102º 39
40
41
LS
W
EVE
T
WYA
T
E
AR
B
LBANY
NT.
A
A
E
C
E
Y
N
N
PAC
A
GREEN
Crmillion
Sunny Peak
Round Tutleid &
R
Dor Elder U
10
8
Mt.Lena
Hantz Peak
o, Bristol
Chorhintermore
Cr
0
@ Zenobia Peak
Fortification Peak
R
O
U
T
T
1
K
Fort Collins
YAMPAK
Windsor
Hayden
Steamboat
0
W
E
BuffaloL
D
Cal Cerck
Cock
G
R
N
D
lindSt.Louis
Geary's Ranch
RABBIT EARS
Estes Parkp
Hillsboro
Cort St. Vrain
Teakouch.
Colgayor Green City|
Old Fort Morgan
DUNDY
Mt. Bross
EGERI
Pagoda Peak
PARK
BOULDER
Fort Lupton
40
Junelj XVI : LXV ELXIV | LXIII ] LXII
LIX
BASE
ETendlersons
Coal Cro
Be
net P.O.
Bonney
R
A
P
A
H
0
CHEYENNE
H
M
M
I Eagle
Bear Cr. Bear Cr
Potersburg
Aure
Morrison"
Littletono Cherry
Gray's Peak i
Creek
5
Mt.Evana
Aster
St.JON
RTAcegull Pine
, Rosalia. MuchThigh
Finte Capos
A
N
.North Mani.
Fork
Frying
Sedalla
South . PHP
South Mam.
Mt. Lincoln
If; Canon
Cruz
Tabor
Lost Park
E
Ver
Glade
Peak
M1. Massive
-E
L ----
L
L
K
ou Basin
G.Z.T.O
LaFA Water Cry
Y
L'Castle Peak
Hartset
Huileda
Florissant
BuHa
Peaks
M
MES
MI.Marcellina
13
Thông Chop
Colorialo Springs
Dowling's
Pierce's
p. Ranch
ent's Rond
Crossing
Sand Creek
Mt. Princeton
E
PEUA
'S
O
Stone's
o Holstien's
0
R
E
M
P
18
Pinon
Tuttle's
Hunts Peak
19
B
E
N
T
12
Soda Spr .. Cout
Swallows
i chico
to Boonoville
louth Side
:chapa Sta.
y Ford
Fop
R
38
Mt.Sheffiet ,.a.
Lake City
COCHET
U
H
3B
S
R
O
R
peak
LA GARITA
Eurchu
Sherman
S
N
HILES
La Garita O
pin
unizon Autelque Bristol
Vagon Wheel
Sultan Ml.
Gap
UWANT !!
Park
RIG
"Mt.Kendall
5 Grande
H
U
E
R
F
NO
5Tron Springs
Yellow Jacket Spring
PORcons
· Mt.Oso
R
G
A
E
Waymule
Perk.
Wet
Wayatoya
FThatcher
Shorldau Canon
Hesperus Elber
T.
Gald
Alais
Ttola In Prairie
.Apishape
g Bart Or
ON
NIY
M
A
S
W
P
L
L
Trenchara Peak
1º Linwood
San Luix
32
flaske o Raton.'
San Prar
Culture
Stockville
ban Antyslipper
33
Culebra
X
37
37
IRIZ,
N
Longitude West from
Rio
Pino!
Ute Peak
2
3 32 4
8 31-
9
10
12
16
17
8 29º 19
21
22
23 2B° 24
26
98
27
28 274 29
30
31
32
83 26° 34
85
87
38 25 39
40
Golften City
€
Mt.Orno
10
V
Dome Penk
R
G
White River Agency
.Fark; 93
AFD
GILPIN.
Church'
A1
Creek
Creak
o
Smith Murphy
A
Walkinad
Ute Peak
CLEA
DENVER&
Fox Elder
CREEKA
BEAGLE RIV.
CRESTNOT
RIVER
N.Mam
Paring
P
E
E
(
Plateau
Sopris cri
DENY
THE
Rock Ridg
larkspur
Greenland
110° Gomer's Mills
Hago
O Capitol
2
Weitspurt b
@Maroon Mta
C
Borets
Big Beddy
o Ranch
uuc Wells
sabes
SEVI
ER
RUBY
CTA
rested Butte-
Thirty Nine
"Colorado
Mile Mt.
14,147
Blaok M
West Elk.
Kastere
Chiann Pea
Sun
Cree
D
RA
Mount Peale
anon,
River C
o Salt Springs
SIE
Creek
cectona
wokstille
San
Miguel
Uucomipubgre
"Part
Agency
Agency Peak
. 46.
South Pueblo
OPulusude
P
O
· Ranch
War No.1
kych
rapada
HAMILTON
Uncompabery Pled
S
A
Sagu
Les Trois
Hermosilla
R.
Alkali
S
Rendies
0
Tctonsc
Gristo
R.' Maine Ranch'a
XLVIII XLVII XLVI
T
T
OLORESMTS.
Dolares
EnminecrMt.
Eurì
Pyramid
30
LAKES
E
Walsenburg o
Bent Canon 10
LA PLATA
Fork
M
Pintada Peak
Placita
KOPER
Bear Creek
K
A
E
Creek
Parrolls
Fort Low
COSTILLA
A
Eurle
13,540
Conojos Peak
KANSAS
- Hermano Peaks
0
Culebra
TEGUL
₩1770 40
X
Ruing
Colonas Ferry
Bandad Peak
IGE
RIO
un Antonle
tän San Jose
SCALE OF STATUTE MILES.
Y
5
10
90
50
70
Diamond Peak
Dixon
Lono Tree C d' Summit
122
MILITARY
A
SERVE For Sedgewick
RIVERR.
8
Ute Peak
Creek
TRANCE
PACIFIC
M.PACIFIC
LEAVE MERIDIAN
ACAFIC
Whiteman Frenchman's
A
Creek
RIVER-
Deception
Or
Lake
TES ..
Platte Valley O TH
Park View ML
Channel
I Spring
APP
U. Fark af
G'O
Cree
Longs
Arapahoas
TOREMOnt
Johnson
Creok
chief creek
AS KA
F
RANGE
srana L.
lo Thompson
Derthund Sta.
Fremont's Butte
Platteville-
RIVER
Crooked
Douglas
Pace-ance
Plateau Peak
PARK
Trappers
Lake
K
E
Bufet Water
Ro
Agato
Toll Creek
Godfrey,
Quảng
Pan Cr. Homestaken
Runnind Creek
Cedar Point
South
Delaware 07
Creek
Desert
RIVER
Aspen Of
P
R
bring Valley Elbert
SY
PElber
Creek V
Bellet
Buffrlo Su
yoWhite Rock Mt/
Rocky Lor
. 15 Mt
Edgerton
-Aroyo
View
RAILWAY
O
Grand.
unnison
DENVERY
Shavano
o ObnfTeoloJ.
Z Ponchy Bor da
Carroll
P
T
E
R
3
Fork
Julian
Crşek
R
Diot Spring
White
OPA
Grunch
or San Carlos
ATCHISON
Juntax
LANALVOPEKA
Hilferml
Tellurium I San Cristobal
San Luis Peak
43
Sml Creok
Gladstone
Creek
AN-M.I.G. U. E-
Mt.WilsonTA
XLIX
Robinson's Crechi
Buttes
STANTON
=
U
o'uth River
Dutores Of
Pcak
.enalding
Blance
Mule Shoe
Thus Cinta | Hole in Rock
YOU
Pagosa
N
Peak .
A
Et 40/Summit Peak
irland
30
anish Peaks
A
L Ute Peak A
RuinsAN
Cherry
DENVER
J
o Taller
Glif Houses
Hancos
R10
R Parada
in Joie
MAYO
Karaip
1
Gravarla Ct
Washington.
6
8
7
13 30° 14
15
20
got Chaflet
Juntata
F
Plo Dumenan
Greenhorn 23
Huerfano:
1804
SANTA FE
Grane rol
Cuernaverde
Apache
Peak
AUERFANO
< : X : X1
Lg Lomo
SAN LUIS
PARK
RadioCucbary
Ruins
Dolores
O Norraquinep Spr
V
U
PLATEAU.
.A-1
"NEW MEXICO
RAN-C.
MERIDIAN
Fert Montezuma
Onweer Creek Ruins
MTS, Peak
Hermosa
peycam Japring
Mancos
forião
Dine BINCK
Pagosa Spring
O
To Plata
Concios .. Concious
Zapat
F 7Fert
Two Buttes
¿ Fork
N .D.
37
Alamosa
SUGRANDE
Kigilo
Chic
Cochetopa D a Dome
Homans
02
0
Ville
EN
TER
Nepesta
Fort Ly
C
MILRES_1
1
The Meddotos
Huaily Cregk
Orage Avenue
Carnero 42 creek
A
XLVOXLIV
XLIII XLII
E
Silferien a
Ojoivadlecito
UNCOMPAHGRE PLATEAU
Saddle M
Peak
Blebardion
Alpine Turbu iMA
Gunnison
Herrings.
Oreck
Rush Creek
RIO ~ DOLORES
MERIDIAN
GREELEY
Jukunail dro
Carlisle Sprs.
ºRanch
Creek
PRINCIPAL
Naturita Creek
SIERRA ABAJO
N
Lone Cone
Uncommahurey
Mountain Greet-
LH Farti
View
GRAND
Gothic Mtb
Veleancak
Bathtub
4Harvard
ERheralde
Mt. Gunnison
G Unaweep
Rw Domingues
N
S
Bully Cy.
[Pikes Peak N Weat =
DISTRICT
SAL
Land's End Eur
Park
AT.K
Divlad
Creek
Buuer Water
Sall CT.
GRAND
EL K ROCK
Castle Rock R
IS
River Bend
Douglas ! ml
Lake'
Platte
R
T
Cler GT.
Mt. Dalve
mit con Peak
"Snow-Mass Mt.
Monument
SPACIFIC
WALLACE
Slale Mtas
Plata
TEN JT
Groft
Comanchee Cree
ÚJou
Deer Trail
ArtEkarte
Republican
Republican
SHERMAN
West Jurk
Creek
Meghalt Wash
Greek
RIVER
Mt. Powell
Byers!
Tifle Creék
GRAND
Battle MM
Orsel
Mt.of the Holy COJE FRICh
the, ROAN or BOOK PLATEAU
Shingle PeakMMf
White R.
DDLE
Greek
Creek
XLIX XLVILL XLVII XLVI XLV XUIY XL
LINE
BlackTa
G
PRINCIPAL
Corona.1
ANTON TIL
GREEN S
WWlams
Sureia
TyDorA
wS.Fork of Cache
Sterling
C
Bruch
River
SY Serinda
CHIASE
amne
to Brealey crow.
South Platte
Dig Thompson
Lone Y
Ten
o,j ______
ELK HEAD RANGE
RK
North Platte
Taylor'ne
Vest
Julesburgno
41
41
M
16
22
27
28
1
10
Longitudo West from Greenwich.
C
Fortification
Fork
C
RIVER
0
Ver Zug Warh
LXXX XXXIXTXXVII
I
K
F
Canon
Wild Horse
Manilow
Erwin or
WEST
MTS
"Si.Char
GRANDE
TO
Rio
Clay
oElla
Bismarck
Baldy Peak
Creek
Pinos
31
San
Rock
CHEYENNE CITY
Beaver Creek P Q
V Fork of Gun
130
INDIANA AND MICHIGAN.
attacked the Indians at the month of the Tippecanoe, and the sub- sequent victories of General Wayne scattered a dangerous confed- eracy and forced the tribes to succumb. On May 7, 1800, Obio was erected iuto a separate territory, while the country west and north was included in the new government of Indiana. In 1805 Michigan was divided off, and in 1809 Illinois, leaving Indiana with its present houndaries. In 1811 the general government took decisive measures against the Indians, who, filled with blind enthu- siasm by the eloquence of Tecumseh, a leader of the Shawnees, had committed great depredations. A force of regulars and militia was assembled at Vincenues, and on November 6 of tbe same year the governor of the State appeared before Prophets- town or Tippecanoe on the Wabaslı, and demanded the return of the property the Indians had taken. After a consultation, it was agreed that hostilities should not begin until next morning; but in violation of tbis armistice, the soldiers were attacked before dayhreak by a large hody of savages. The ensuing combat was short hut severe, and ended in a victory for the whites. In a short time the Indians sued for peace, but the war with England gave a new impetus to Indian hostility. The savages were again beaten, and on the conclusion of peace in 1815, finally ceased to trouble the settlers. On December 11, 1816, the State was admitted into the Union. In 1851 a new constitution was adopted. Indiana furnisbed 195,147 men during the late war. In 1863 the State was twice invaded hy small forces of the enemy. On the uigbt of June 16 a body of confederate cavalry crossed tbe Obio River at Flint Rock, near Leavenworth, by fording it. They were driven back by tbe militia, after plundering tbe stores and frightening the citizens. The second invasion was by a force under General Morgan.
The constitution of Indiana of 1851 superseded that of 1816. The general assembly consists of a senate of 50 members elected for four years, one-half every second year, and a house of repre- sentatives of 100 members elected for two years. The legislature meets every two years. The governor and lieutenant-governor are elected for four years. The secretary of state, tbe treasurer, the auditor, and the school superintendent are elected for two years. Iudiana is represented in Congress by two senators and 13 representatives, and has, therefore 15 votes in the electoral college.
The judicial power is vested in a supreme, a circuit, and a superior court. The supreme court consists of five judges, wbo are elected by the people for a term of six years. The State is divided into five suprerue judicial districts and 38 circuit districts. Tbe circuit judges are clected hy the people for a term of six years. A superior court of three judges elected for four years may be established in any county containing a city of 40,000 inhabitants. Justices of the peace are elected in each township for four years. The system of granting divorces in Indiana, wbich had attracted wide attention on account of its elasticity, was amended in 1873 and made somewhat more, stringent. The causes of divorce under the new law are : 1, adultery ; 2, impotency, existing at the time of the marriage; 3, ahandonment for two years; 4, cruel and inhuman treatment of either party hy tbe other ; 5, habitual drunkenness of either party, or the failure of the husband to make reasonable provisions for the family; 6, the failure of the husband to make reasonable provisions for his fam- ily for a period of two years; 7, the conviction of either party, subsequent to the marriage in any country, of an iufamous crime.
Geology and Mineralogy .- The geology of Indiana is the same as that of the other prairie States, consisting mostly of allu- vial deposits. Coal is extremely ahundant, abont one-fiftb of tbe area of the State containing beds which are capable, it is esti- mated, of yielding 50,000,000 hushels to the acre. The great deposits lie in the southern portion, and extend into Illinois. Besides coal, Indiana contains gold, silver, copper, iron, zinc, gyp- sum, marbles, limestone, and sandstones.
Climate and Soil .- The climate differs little from that of Ohio and Illinois; hut Indiana is somewhat less subject to tbe extremes of heat and cold than the latter State.
The soil is generally good, and in some portions very fertile. The best lands are found in the river-bottoms, where the soil is very deep and productive. The country between the rivers is somewhat elevated, and not so luxuriantly fertile, but tberc is hardly any part of the State which fails amply to repay tbe labors of the hushandman. Next to the Ohio, the principal river is the Wabash. It rises in the northeast, and, flowing first west, and afterwards south, in the lower part of its course divides this State from Illinois, and falls into the Ohio, after a course of 480 miles, the greater part of which is navigable. It has several trib- utaries, including the White and the East Fork, which also are navig- able for a considerable distance. The other principal rivers are the St. Joseph, which falls into Lake Michigan, and the Kanka- kee, an affluent of the Illinois. The Maumee is formed by the St. Joseph's and St. Mary's, in the northeastern part of Indiana,
and passes off into Ohio. The Kankakee drains tbe north- western portion of the State. The Upper St. Joseph's makes a bend into Indiana from Michigan, to which, after a course of about 30 miles, it returns. The Tippecanoe, Mississinewa, Wbite Water, Flat Rock, and Blue Rivers are the next largest streams after those mentioned.
Products, Commerce, and Manufactures. - Indiana yields large quantities of Indian corn, wheat, oats, rye, Irish potatoes, fruit, butter, live-stock. grapes, and tobacco. Agriculture is the leading pursuit, and corn and wbeat the staple products.
Indiana has little foreign commerce, but its domestic trade is immense, and increasing with the most astonishing strides. The abundance of water-power and eoal in Indiana give it excellent advantages for manufacturing.
Education, ete .- Tbe State superintendent of public instruc- tion is elected by the people for two years. The State board of education consists of the official mentioned, the governor, presi- dent of the State university, president of the normal school, and the superintendent of common schools of the three largest eities in the State. There are ninety-two counties, each oneof which has a commissioner. They meet once every three years, in June, and appoint sebool examiners for their several counties, and perform the functions of county superintendents. The school examiners examine teachers, and give certificates for six, twelve, and eigh- teen months, or two years, according to the qualifications of tbe applicant. All examinations must be publie. Provision is made for separate schools for colored children.
The school-fund of Indiana is about $8,500,000, and is derived from various sources.
According to the census of 1870, the total population of Indiana was 1,680,637; of which 24,560 were colored, and 240 Indians.
Indianapolis is the capital and chief city of Indiana, and a highly prosperous place. Otber important citics are Evansville, Fort Wayne, and New Albany.
The decennial population of Indiana, from 1810, is as follows:
1880
1870
1860
1850
1840
1830
1820
1810
1680637
1350428
088416
693866
348031
147178
24520
MICHIGAN.
MICHIGAN, the Indian for "Great Water," the thirteenth State admitted under the Federal Constitution, is situated between latitude 40deg. 45min, and 48deg. north, and longitude 82deg. 25min. and 90deg. 34min. west from Greenwich. It eon- sists of two peninsulas, bounded nortb by Lake Superior, which separates it from Canada; east by the Straits of St. Mary, Lake Huron, St. Clair River, Lake St. Clair, the Detroit River, and Lake Erie; sonth by Ohio and Indiana; and west by Lake Micbi- gan and the Menomonee and Montreal Rivers, separating it from Minnesota. The land area of the State is 56,243 square miles, and the area of waters witbin the State limits is estimated at 36,324 square miles. The southern peninsula of Michigan has generally a level or rolling surface, and in some parts is broken and hilly. The eastern portion for a distance from five to twenty- five miles from the shore is almost a dead level; but westward the land riscs into an irregular ridge, in some part of which it attains a height of from 600 to 700 feet above the sea. The hilly portion of the southern area of the State, branches off from the main ridge in different directions through the adjoining counties. The ridge of land before spoken of, again takes its rise near the mouth of Ausable River, and stretches on for many miles along and beyond the coast. This forms the highlands of Ausable. The northern peninsula is much diversified by mountains, bills, valleys, and plains. The eastern part of this division of the State is undu- lating and picturesque, but the central is billy and composed of table-land. "The shores of Lake Superior are composed of sand- stone rock, which, in many places is worn by tbe action of the wind and waves into grotesque sbapes resembling castles, temples, arches, etc., forming the celebrated Pictured Rocks. These Pic- tured Rocks extend along the shore for about twelve miles, and rise from 200 to 300 feet above the water. Sometimes caseades shoot over the precipice, so that a vessel may sail hetween tbe descending waters and the natural wall of roek.
History, Government and Finances. - Michigan was first settled by tbe Freneh, near Detroit, iu the latter half of the sev- enteentb century ; but like other French colonies, it made slow progress. Tbe peace of 1763 brought it, with the other French possessions in North America, under tbe dominion of Great Brit- ain, where it remained until the breaking out of the American Revolution, wben it came into the hands of the United States. On the expulsion of the French, tbe celebrated Indian ehief,
131
MICHIGAN AND WISCONSIN.
Pontiac, seized the occasion to drive the whites out of the country hy a general uprising and simultaneous attacks on all the forts of the English on the lakes. Mackinaw was taken by stratagem, and the garrison mercilessly scalped. Detroit was hesieged for some months hy Pontiac with six hundred men, but it held out till the Indian allies, hecoming weary of the siege, retired, and left Pontiac no choice hut to make peace. The British did not sur- render Detroit to the United States until 1796. In 1805 Michi- gan was formed into a separate government, it having heen up to that time a part of the Northwest Territory. During the war with Great Britain in 1812 it hecame the scene of some stirring events. Lying next to Canada, it was invaded at the beginning of the war, and Detroit, its capital, surrendered August 15, 1812, by General Hull, under circumstances which led to bis displace- ment from his command, and conviction by court-martial. Fort Mackinaw had previously been taken hy tbe cnemy. January 22, 1813, at Frenchtown, a party of American prisoners of war were cruelly massacred. General Harrison soon after drove tbe enemy out of the territory, and carried the war into Canada. In May, 1835, a convontion at Detroit framed a constitution, hy which Michigan claimed a strip of torritory also claimed hy Ohio. For a time a conflict seemed inevitable, hut in June, 1836, Congress passed an act admitting Michigan into the Union upon condition that she relinquisbed her claim to the disputed territory, in lieu of which the region known as "the upper peninsula" was given to her. These conditions wore accepted in December, 1836, and in January, 1837, Michigan was admitted into the Union.
The governor and lieutenant-governor of Michigan are each elected by the people for two years; the former receiving a salary of $1,000 per annum. The senate consists of thirty-two members, and the house of representatives of one hundred, both elected hy popular vote for two years. The legislature meets every two years, on the first Wednesday in January. Michigan sends nine representatives to Congress and casts eleven electoral votes.
The judiciary consists of a supreme court, presided over hy one chief and three associate justices, elected for eight years, and otber inferior courts.
Climate and Soil .- Notwithstanding the severity of the cli- mate in Michigan, it is moderated hy its proximity to the lakes ; yet the temperature of the northern peninsula is quite rigorous. The temperature of Southern Michigan is milder than that of the same parallel in the eastern States.
The soil is various, but there is a great deal of good land, especially in the south. The northern peninsula is favorable to winter grains; while the southern produces maize, as well as the winter grains, abundantly. The soil in the middle and south of the lower peninsula is generally fertile, mostly free from stone, and of a deep, dark, sandy loam, often mingled with clay and gravel.
Geology and Mineralogy .- The southern peninsula is exclu- sively secondary in its formation, and the northern peninsula, hor- dering on Lake Superior, is primitive, hut the portions hordering on Lake Michigan and Green Bay are secondary. Primitive houlders, or "lost rocks," of enormous size, are found on the coast
Products, Commerce, and Manufactures .- The staple pro- ducts are wheat, Indian corn, oats, potatoes, hay, butter, maple sugar, wool, and live stock; and rye, buckwheat, beans, peas, har- ley, fruit, beeswax, cheese and honey are raised in large quantities. Michigan raises considerable tobacco, some sweet potatoes, hops, flax, silk, wine, grass-seeds, and molasses. Agriculture is the leading pursuit, as in all the western States.
Michigan, heing surrounded hy inland seas, is favorably situated for internal trade, and trade with British America. Wheat and other grains, flour, pork, wool, lumher, and copper aro among the principal articles of export. Some valuable manufactures have been established, in which many millions of capital are invested.
Education, etc .- The school system of Michigan is based upon that of Prussia. Ample provision is made for primary schools; and hy the grouping of several of these, union schools are formed, designed as preparatory to the State university, which is a nearly free institution. A county superintendent of common schools is
elected in each county for two years, whose duty it is, among otber things, to examine candidates for the position of teacher, and grant certificates for bis county. The State Superintendent of public instruction may grant certificates effectual throughout the State. A hoard of township school inspectors is elected annu- ally, the township clerk heing ex-officio clerk of the board, with power to divide the townsbip into districts. Each school district has a hoard elected hy its voters, consisting of a moderator, a director, and an assessor ; one heing elected annually for three years.
The State Prison is located at Jackson. The Asylum for the Deaf, Dumb and Blind, is at Flint; and the Michigan Insane Asylum is at Kalamazoo. There is a Reform School at Lansing, to which convicts under sixteen are sent.
The decennial population of Michigan, from 1810, is as follows :
1880
1870
1860
1850
1840
1830
1820
1810
1181050
749113
397654
212267
31639
8765
4763
According to the census of 1870, the total population was 1,184,- 059, of which 11,849 were colored; 4,976 Indians, 1 Japanese, and 1 Chinese.
Detroit, on the strait which connects Lake St. Clair with Lake Michigan, is the principal city of Michigan. Other leading towns are Lansing, the capital, Kalamazoo, Adrian and Jackson.
WISCONSIN.
WISCONSIN, the seventeenth State admitted under the Fed- eral Constitution, is situated het ween latitude 42deg. 30min. and 47deg. north, and longitude 87deg. 30min. and 92deg. 30min. west, and is hounded north hy the British possessions; east hy Michigan; south, hy Illinois; and west hy Iowa and Minnesota. It has an area of 53,924 square miles, or 34,511,360 acres. Wis- consin may be described generally as an elevated rolling prairie, from 600 to 1,200 feet above the level of the sea. It has no mountains properly so called; the whole surface may, with few exceptions, he considered one vast plain, varied only by the cliffs hordering the rivers and lakes, and the moderate undulations called " rolling." The greatest depression in the State is the sur- face of Lake Michigan, which is 578 feet above the sea.
History, Government, and Finances .- Wisconsin was visited at a very early period hy the French missionaries and discoverers, and a settlement made hy the French in the latter part of the sev- enteenth century. The country remained under the dominion of France until 1763, when it was surrendered to Great Britain. During this time Green Bay, La Pointe, St. Nicholas (now Prairie du Chien), and other places were occupied; the Mississippi River was explored by Marquette in 1763, and a war was waged against the Ontagamie and Fox Indians, to secure the right of way through Lake Winnebago. The navigation of the upper lakes was hegun in 1679, when the Griffin made a trip from the Niagara of Huron, especially north of Saginaw Bay. Here granite masses . River to Green Bay, and was lost on her return voyage. Cana- exist, weighing from one to a hundred tons. Michigan, in its northern peninsula, has probably the richest copper mines in the world, the Lake Superior copper regions having gained a world- wide reputation. Iron and gypsum abound in different parts of the State. Of late years the number of Lake Superior mining companies has rapidly increased. Though the mineral resources of the State are not fully developed, yet silvor, lead, peat, lime- stone, marl and coal are found in moderate quautities; the last, however, in abundance, within one hundred miles of Detroit. The mining regions of Lake Superior are visited every summer hy large numbers of tourists.
Need help finding more records? Try our genealogical records directory which has more than 1 million sources to help you more easily locate the available records.