USA > New York > Gazetteer of the State of New York: embracing a comprehensive view of the geography, geology, and general history of the State, and a complete history and description of every county, city, town, village, and locality, Part 2 > Part 11
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6 This church became Presb. in 1803. There are now 8 churches in town; 2 Presb., 2 M. E., Bap., Ref. Prot. D., Prot. E., and Evang. Luth.
" " Canajoxharie" in the act of incorporation. Indian name, Ga- na-jo-hi-e, said to signify a "a kettle shaped hole in the rock," or " the pot that washes itself," and refers to a deep hole worn in the rock at the falls on the creek I mi. from its mouth.
8 It is said that the Indian name of this stream is " Te-ko-ha- ra-wa." The falls on this creek, about 1 mi. from its month, are interesting to scientific men for the different geological forma- tions there exposed and the holes of various sizes worn in the rocks.
º Named In honor of Fisher Ames.
10 Named in honor of Jesse Buel, of Albany.
11 An Indian school was taught at Canajoharie, in 1764, by Philip Jonathan.
12 At the battle of Oriskany many of the prominent citizens of this place were killed. Among them were Col. Cox, Lieut. Col. Hunt, Maj. Van Slyck, Capt. Henry Devendorf, Robert Crouse, Jacob Bowman, Andrew Dillenback, Capt. Jacob Leeber, Charles Fox, and Lieut. Wm. Leeber.
13 While Gov. Clinton was at this place, IIenry IIare and Wm. Newbury, two notorious tories, were arrested and executed as spies. They had formerly been citizens of the town. A deserter named Titus was also shot here.
14 See page 410.
15 A fort was built here at an early period as one of the chain of fortifications to Oswego. It was 100 feet square, 15 ft. high, with bastions at the angles, and was armed with several small cannon. lu 1781 the house of Philip Van Alstyne was palisaded, and named Fort Van Rensselaer. It is still standing. Fort Ehlo stood 1 mi. E. of Canajoharie. An Indian burial ground occupied the hillside just w. of the village, and several skeletons have been found, in a sitting posture, facing the E.
16 In 1799 their purchases of potash and wheat amounted to $120,000.
17 This asylum was established mainly through the instru- mentality of Robt. Bowman, of this town, and its course of in- struction was nodeled after that at Hartford. Conn. Prof. O. W. Morris, now of the New York Asylum, was its last principal.
18 The census reports 11 churches; 3 M. E., 2 Ref. Prot. D., 2 Evang. Luth., Presb., F. W. Bap., True Dutch, and Union.
19 By an act bearing this date. tho old town of Mohawk was abolished, and its territory was erected into Florida and Charles- ton. The present town of Mohawk is of much more recent origin.
413
MONTGOMERY COUNTY.
greater part of the surface is an undulating upland. On the E. it descends in steep declivitics to the valley of the crcek, which is here a narrow ravine. Its streams are small. The soil is gene- rally loam intermixed with elay, and is particularly adapted to spring grains and dairying. The town has a limited amount of manufactures, consisting principally of sash and blinds, woolen goods, and flour. Burtonsville,1 (p. v.,) on Schoharie Creck, in the s. E. corner of the town, contains 32 houses; Charleston Four Corners, (p. v.,) in the s. w. corner, 30; and Charleston, (p. v.,) near the N. border, 20. Carytown and Oak Ridge are hamlets. A portion of this town was included in the patent of 24,500 acres granted to Wm. Corry in 1637; and others were portions of the " Stone Heap Patent," granted to John Bowen and others in 1770, and Thomas Machin's Patent of 1787. The first settlements were probably made previous to the Revolution.2 The census reports 5 churches in town.8
FLORIDA-was formed from Mohawk, March 12, 1793. It embraces that part of the co. lying s. of the Mohawk, and E. of Schoharie Creek. The greater part of the surface is a rolling upland, 600 ft. above the valley. Bean Hill, in the s. w. part, is the highest land in the co. The declivities bordering upon the streams are usually steep. The two principal streams within its borders are Chuctenunda and Cowilliga4 Creeks. The soil and productions are similar to those of neighboring towns. Several sulphur springs are found in town, the most noted of which is near Scotch Bush. The Erie Canal crosses the Schoharie Creek between this town and Glen, on a costly aqueduct. Broomcorn is one of the principal agricultural products, and brooms are exten- sively manufactured. Port Jackson (p. v.) is a canal village on the Mohawk, opposite Amster- dam. Pop. 369. Minaville, (p. v.,) on Chuctenunda Creek, ncar the center, contains 95 inhabi- tants. Fort Hunter,5 (p.o., ) at the mouth of Schoharie Crcek, and Scotch Bush, (p. o.,) near the s. border, are hamlets. One of the 3 Mohawk castles was situated at the mouth of Schoharic Creek at the first advent of the whites. The first white settlement in this co. is supposed to have been made in this town. Fort Hunter6 was built here by the whites in 1711. Queen Anne's Chapel was soon after erected, and was furnished with a valuable set of communion plate by Queen Anne." The fort was garrisoned until after the French War, when it was aban- doned. During the Revolution the chapel was enclosed with palisades, and converted into a strong fortress defended by cannon. In Oct. 1780, several houses were burned on the opposite side of the creek by the forces under Sir John Johnson, but the fort was not molested. Before the close of the war several newly arrived German cmigrants settled in town, and they were followed soon after by Scotch and Irish families.8 The first preacher after the war was Rev. Thos. Romeyn, (Ref. Prot. D., ) in 1784. The census reports 5 churches in town.9
GLEN10-was formed from Charleston, April 10, 1823. It lics in the s. w. angle formed by the junction of Schoharie Creek and the Mohawk. Its surface consists principally of uplands about 600 feet high, descending by abrupt declivitics to the narrow intervales along the streams. The princi- pal streams are Aurics11 Creek, a tributary of the Mohawk, and Irish Creek, a branch of the Scho- harie.12 The soil is generally a clayey loam. One mi. E. of Voorheesville is a chalybeate spring.18 Fultonville14 (p. v.) is situated on the Mohawk and the Erie Canal. Pop. 850. Voorlices- ville, (Glen p. v.,) near the center of the town, contains 40 houses, and Auriesville, (p. v.,) a canal village near the mouth of Aurics Creek, 170 inhabitants. The land bordering upon the river was granted iu 10 patents to different persons in 1722 to 1726, and the greater part of the remainder to James De Lanccy in 1737. Peter Quackenboss settled on Scott's Patent, near Aurics Creck.
1 Buckwheat flour for the New York market is extensively manufactured at this place.
2 Roht. Winchell, Nathan Tracy, Aden Brownley, and Joseph Burnhap settled near Kimballs Corners, Abia Beaman near Charlestown P. O., Henry Mapes, Abner Throop, and David and Nathan Kimball at Charleston. Thomas Machin, Capt. John Stanton, Jolin Eddy, and Ezekiel Tracy were also early settlers. 3 Bap., M. E., Ref. Prot. D., Christian, and Uniou. 4 Said to signify " Willmo."
5 The Indian name for this place was I-can-de-ro-ga, or Te-on- da-lo-ga, "two streams coming together." The first Indian castle, which stood near this place, was called " Os-sev-ne-non," or " On- c-on-gon-re."-N. Y. Colonial Hist.
6 The contracts to build this fort, and one at Oswego, were taken Oct. 11, 1711. hy Garret Symouce, Barent and Hendrick Vroman, John Wemp, and Arent Van Patten, of Schenectady. The walls of the first were 150 feet square and 12 feet high, and were formed of logs pinned together. It was afterward enlarged and strengthened.
7 This chapel was for a long time under the charge of the " So- ciety for Propagating the Gospel in Foreign Parts," and a mis- sionary and Indian school were supported here. The chapel was
demolished in 1820 to make room for the canal. The parsonage, still standing, is probably the oldest building w. of Schenec- tady. It was sold a few years since for $1500, and the proceeds were divided between the Prot. E. churches at Port Jackson and Johnstown.
8 Wm. Bent kept the first store at Port Jackson. The first bridge of any importance over Schoharie Creek was built in 1796, by Maj. Isaiah De Puy. The ronte s. of the Mohawk was the one principally traveled for a great number of years. Au Indiau school was taught at Fort Hunter in 1769.
9 2 Ref. Prot. D., M. E., Asso. Presb., and R. C.
10 Named from Jacob S. Glen, a prominent citizen of the town.
11 Auries Creek is the Dutch for "Aarons Creek." It was named from an Indian in the vicinity. The Indian name was Ogh-rack-ie. 12 Upon Schoharie Creek. ahont 2 mi. above its mouth, isa high bank formed by a landslide, and called by the Indians Co-daugh- ri-ty, signifying "steep bank," or " perpendicular wall."-Simms's Hist. Schoharie.
18 In early days fruitless attempts were here made to obtain iron. 14 Named in honor of Robert Fulton. The village site was known as " Van Epps Swamp" during the Revolution .- Simms's Ilist. Schoharie.
414
MONTGOMERY COUNTY.
soon after it was seeured, and was probably the first white inhabitant of the town. About 1740, 16 Irish families, under the patronage of Sir Wm. Johnson, settled on Corry's Patent, a few mi. s.w. of Fort IIunter. After making considerable improvements, they abandoned their location and returned to Ireland in consequence of threatened Indian disturbanees.1 The first church (Ref. Prot. D.) was formed at Glen ; Rev. Henry V. Wyckoff was the first pastor .? This town was the scene of many interesting incidents connected with the war. It furnished its full proportion of vietims at the battle of Oriskany, and sustained an equal share in the losses and sufferings from Indian incursions.3 The last eouneil within the eo. previous to the Revolution was held between the Indians and Americans Oet. 13, 1775, on the farm now owned by John S. Quacken- boss, on the Mohawk Flats, 2 mi. E. of Fultonville.
MINDEN-was formed from Canajoharie, March 2, 1798. Danube (IIerkimer co) was taken off in 1817. It lies upon the s. bank of the Mohawk, in the extreme w. part of the co. Its surface is principally an undulating upland, with steep deelivities bordering upon the streams. The principal streams are the Otsquaga" and its tributary the Otsquene. Prospeet Hill, called by the Indians " Ta-ra-jo-rhies,"5 lies upon the Otsquaga opposite Fort Plain. The soil is a fine quality of gravelly and elayey loam, and is particularly adapted to grazing.6 Fort Plain, (p.v.,) incorp. April 5, 1832, is situated upon the Mohawk, in the E. part of the town. It contains an academy,7 bank, printing office, and 4 churches. Pop. 1502. Mindenville, (p. v.,) on the Mohawk, in the w. part of the town, contains 30 houses, and Fordsborough, (Minden p.o.,) on the w. border, 25. Hallsville,8 (p. o.,) Freysbush,9 (p. o.,) and Hessville, are hamlets. In this town are found the remains of one of those aneient fortifications which are so common in Central and Western New York and throughout the Western States, showing that the eo. was inhabited long prior to the advent of the Indians.10 During the French War, Fort Plain was creeted on the summit of the hill, half a mi. N. w. of the village.11 During the Revolution, several other forts were built to protect the people from the sudden attacks of the Indians.12 The first settlements in this town were among the first in the co. The early settlers were Germans, among whom were the Devendorf, Waggoner, and Gros families, Andrew Keller, and Henry H. Smith.13 John Abeel, an Indian trader, settled here in 1748.14 In common with the other valley towns, these settlements were ravaged by Brant and Johnson in 1780. At the time of Brant's ineursion the men were mostly absent, and the women were shut up in the forts for safety. Upon the
1 A son of the first settler married Annie, daughter of Capt. John Scott, the patentee, and settled on the site of the present co. poorhouse. Their son John, born about 1725, was the first white child born on the s. side of the Mohawk, between Fort Hunter and German Flats. Cornelius Putnam settled at Ca- danghrity, Richard Hoff 1 mi. w. of Glen, Nicholas Gardiner and Jolin Van Eps on the Mohawk, and Charles Van Eps at Fulton- ville. Near the house of the Van Eps a small blockhouse was erected toward the close of the Revolution. - Hazard taught the first school, at the house of J. S. Quackenboss; Wm. Quacken- boss kept the first inn at Auriesville, in 1797, and Myndert Starin one still earlier at the present village of Fultonville. John Smith opened the first store in Glen, in 1797. Isaac Quackenboss kept a store on the Mohawk, E. of Fultonville. Peter and Simon Mabie built the first sawmill and carding machine, in 1797, and Peter Quackenboss a gristiuill, on Anries Creek, soon after.
2 The census reports 4 churches in town; 2 Ref. Prot. D., M. E., True Dutch.
8 In the fall of 1779 George Cuck, a noted tory, who had often led scalping parties of Indians to the homes of his old neigh- bors, was seen lurking about, and at one time was fired upon aud narrowly escaped. It was supposed that he had returned to Canada; hnt toward spring it became known that he was con- cealed at the house of John Van Zuyler, a kinsman and brother tory. A party surrounded the house, dragged Cuck from his hiding place and shot him, and arrested Van Zuyler and sent lim prisoner to Albany. In the fidl of 1780 the whole settle- ment wag ravaged, and many of the people were murdered. One day Isaac Quackenboss, while out hunting, discovered three hos- tile Indians sitting upon a log. He fired, and killed two, aud mortally wounded the third.
+ Mohawk, Osquago, signifying "under the bridge."
6 Said to signify " Hill of Health," or " Fort on a hill."
6 The dairy products of this town are greater than those of any other in the co. Hops are also largely cultivated.
7 The " Fort Plain Seminary and Female Collegiate Institute" is chiefly under the patronage of the M. E. denomination. The Academic building is a fine structure, situated upon a command- ing eminence overlooking the village and valley.
8 Named from Capt. Robert Hall.
9 Named from John Frey, a lawyer and leading patriot who resided here during the Revolution.
10 These mounds and ruins are the most casterly of any of the kind yet discovered. They are situated 4 mi. 8. of Fort Plain, on
a tongue of land formed by the valleys of Otsquaga Creek and one of its tributaries. This tongue is 100 ft. above the streams, and the declivities are almost precipitous. Across the tongue. at its narrowest part, is a curved line of breastworks 240 ft. in length, inclosing an arca of about 7 acres. A gigantic pine, 6 it. in diameter, stands upon one end of the embankment, showing that the work must have been of great antiquity .- Smithsonian Contributions, Vol. II. Art. 6.
11 This fort was built by a French engineer for the Government, and was the finest fortification in the valley. It was octagonal, 3 stories high, each story projecting beyond the one below. In the lower story was a cannon, which was fired in cases of alarm to notify the people of danger.
12 Fort Plank was situated about 2 mi. N. w. of Fort Plain, on the farm now occupied by C. House. Fort Clyde was situated 2 mi. s. w. of Fort Plain, near the residence of Peter Deveudorf, at Freysbush. Fort Willett was w. of Fort Plank.
18 Henry Hayse, a German, taught the first school; Isaac Countryman built the first gristmill, soon after the war, and Isaac Paris kept the first store, about the same time. A large stone dwelling was erected here for tho sons of Gov. Clark in 1738, but was soon abandoned. It obtained the reputation of being haunted, and was given away, 50 years ago, on condition that it should be demolished.
14 In his previous intercourse with the Indians, Abeel had married the daughter of a Seneca chief, after the Indian fashion. A child of this marriage was the famous chief Corn- planter. Abeel subsequently married a white woman, and at the commencement of the war was living upon his farm. During the incursion of Oct. 1780, Abeel was taken prisoner by a party of Indians, and, while momentarily expecting death, Corn- planter addressed him as father and assured him of his safety, Hle was given his choice either to accompany the Indians under the protection of his son, or to return to his white family. lle chose the latter; and after the war Cornplanter visited him, and was received by his Fort Plain relatives with the civilities due his rank aud manly bearing. The chief died at his residence in Penn., March 7, 1836. Stoue, in his Life of Brant, says that Coruplanter was more than 100 years old at the time of luis death. Mr. Webster. of Fort Plain, a descendent of John Abeel, states that Abeel did not make his appearauce in the Indian country until 1748, and that Cornplanter was born about 1750. This would make his age abont 30 when he accompanied the ex. pedition that took his father prisoner, aud but 86 when he died.
415
MONTGOMERY COUNTY.
approach of the cnemy the women showed themselves dressed in men's clothes, and the Indians thereupon kept at a respectful distance. The first church (Ref. Prot. D.) was organized at Fort Plain, long before the war. The census reports 9 churches in town.1
MOHAWK-was formed from Johnstown, April 4, 1837.2 It lies upon the N. bank of Mo- hawk River and near the center of the N. border of the co. The surface is uncven, and gradually rises from the river to the N. line, where it attains an elevation of about 400 ft. above the valley. Its principal streams are Cayadutta and Da-de-nos-ca-ra3 Creeks. The soil is generally a good quality of gravelly loam. Fonda,4 (p. v.,) pleasantly situated upon the Mohawk, is the co. seat. Besides the co. buildings, it contains 2 churches, a bank, printing offices, and several manufactorics. Pop. 687: Tribes Hill, (p. v.,) on the border of Amsterdam, contains 327 inhabitants. The site of the present village of Fonda was called " Caughnawaga"" by the Indians, and was one of the favorite resorts of the Mohawks. It was the scene of some of the earliest labors of the French Jesuits among the Five Nations, two of whom lost their lives here in 1646. The names of the first actual white settlers are not known. Nicholas Hausen6 settled at Tribes Hill before 1725, and others, by the names of Fonda, Vanderworker, Doxtader, and Fisher, at an early day.7 Among the other residents of the town before the Revolution were Col. John Butler and his son Walter N., who afterward attained an infamous notoriety for their inhuman atrocities and for the vindictive hate which they seemed to cherish against their old whig neighbors.8 The principal weight of the incursion of Sir John in May, 1780, fell upon the two settlements of Tribes Hill and Cauglinawaga.º In the autumn of the same year the second incursion of Sir John swept over the town, destroying the greater part of the property that escaped the first. A stonc church (Ref. Prot. D.) erccted in 1763 is still standing.10 Rev. Thos. Romeyn was the first pastor. In 1795 he was sueceeded by Rev. Abraham Van Horne,11 The census reports 3 churches in town; Ref. Prot. D., True D., M. E.
1 3 Eran. Luth., 3 M. E., Ref. Prot. D., 2 Univ.
2 Care should be taken not to confonnd this town with one of the same name s. of the river, abolished in 1793. See Note 1 to Charleston.
8 Signifying "trees having exerescences."
4 Named from Douw Fonda, who removed from Schenectady and settled here in 1751. At the time of the Revolution he was living on the flats, between the present turnpike and the river, a few rods E. of the road leading to the bridge, at which place he was murdered hy the Indians under Sir John, May 22, 1780. At the time of his death he was 84 years old. In former years he had greatly befriended the Jolinson family; but the ruthless savages led by Sir John spared neither friend nor foe. Ilis three sons, John, Jellis, and Adam, were stanch whigs, residing in the neighborhood. Indian name, Ga-na-wa-da, "on the rapids." 6 Meaning " stone in the water," or "at the rapids."
6 Patents of 1000 acres each, on the Mohawk, were granted to Nicholas Hausen and his hrother Hendrick July 12, 1713.
7 The first birth N. of the river, of which there is any record, was that of Henry Hausen. - Collins taught a school in 1774. Jellis (Giles) Fonda is said to have been the first merchant w. of Schenectady. He carried on an extensive trade with the native tribes, and with the whites at Forts Schuyler and Stan- wix and the forts at Oswego, Niagara, and Schlosser. His sales consisted chiefly of blankets, trinkets, ammunition, and rum, and his purchases of peltries, ginseng. and potash. At one time before the Revolution his ledger showed an indebtedness of over $10,000 in the Indian country. John Chaley was an early settler at Tribes Hill. He was in the war, and found his own brother arrayed against him.
8 Alexander White, Colonial Sheriff of Tryon co., resided on the present site of the courthouse. He was a zealous tory, and was obliged to flee to Canada. He was succeeded by John Frey, appointed by the Provincial Congress.
9 The detachment against Tribes Hill was led by Henry and Wm. Bowen, who had lived in the vicinity. Passing the tory settlement of Albany Bush (in Johnstown) withont molesta- tion, they proceeded to the home of Gerret Putnam, a stanch whig at Tribes Hill, and there by mistake murdered two tories, who had hired the place a short time before. From this place they went up the river, plundering the houses and murdering their old friends and neighbors. Every building was burned except the church and parsonage, and several slaves and white male prisoners were carried to Canada. The women were not particularly molested on this occasion. At the lionse of Col. Fred Fisher they were warmly received by the Col.'s family, consisting of himself, his mother, and his two brothers John and Ilarmon. The CoL's wife and children had been sent to Schenectady for safety ; and his two sisters and an old negro. on the first alarm, fled to the woods and escaped. The Indians made a desperate attack upon the house, and a constant firing was kept up by the inmates until their ammunition was ex- hausted. They then all retreated to the chamber except John, who stood in the stairway and defended it with a hatchet until he had killed 7 Indians. Ile then retreated above, aud, slipping npon some pens which lay upon the floor, he fell, and was dis- patched with a tomahawk. Harmon jumped out of the window
to put out the fire that had been applied to the roof, and while standing on the fence he was shot, and fell across the fence dead. The mother was knocked down with the breech of a gun and left for dead. The Col. was also knocked down by a tomahawk, dragged down stairs by his hair, and thrown upon the ground, when an Indian jumped upon his back, drew a knife across his throat, as was supposed, cutting it from ear to ear, then, cutting round the scalp, seized it by his teeth and tore it front his head. and finally gave him a blow in the shoulder with his hatchet aud fled. The Col. had not lost his senses through all this mangling, and his throat, being protected by a leather belt worn inside of his cravat, was only slightly wounded. As soon as tho Indians disappeared, he arose, went up stairs and brought down his mother, placed hier in a chair and leaned her up against tho fence; returned, and brought down the body of his brother John and laid it on the grass; then, becoming exhausted from loss of blood and the effect of the scalping, he lay down upon an old rug that lay out of doors,-as he supposed, to die. The old negro and girls soon returned, and found the honse burned down and the dead and wouuded as described. By styus the Col. made known to the negro that ho wanted water, who imme- diately brought it from the creek near by and gave it to him to drink, and also bathed his head, which restored his speech. A tory named Clement passing by, the negro asked what he should do: the reply, given in German, was, "Let the d-d rebel die." According to the directions of the Col., the negro caught the colts, which had never been broken, harnessed them to tho wagon, and took him to the house of Putnam, at Tribes IFill. From there he, together with his mother, sisters, and the bodies of his brothers, was conveyed across the river to Wemples, and thence in a canoe to Schenectady, where they arrived about sun- down, and he had his wounds dressed for the first time. After five years' suffering. he nearly recovered from the effects of his wounds. He huilt a new house on the site of the old one, and lived 29 years after he was wounded,-for several years holding the office of First Judge of the co. His mother also recovered from her wounds, and lived with him. After the war the In- dian who scalped him returned to the settlementa, and stopped at a tavern kept by a tory at Tribes Hill. The wife of the land- lord, who was a whig, sent word immediately to the house of Col. Fisher that the Indian was there and would soon call at his house. The family, knowing that the Col. had sworn re- venge. and wishing to prevent any more bloodshed, kept the news from him. As they were all in the front room, about the tinie the Indian was expected they overset a pot of lye upon the bearth, and persuaded the Col. to go into the back room and lie down until they cleaned it up. While the Col. was gone, the Indian came to the door, where he was met by the old lady, who addressed bim in the Indian tongne, told him her son's inten- tions, and pointed to a gun which was always kept loaded in readiness for him. The Indian listened, gave a grunt, and ran away with all speed.
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