USA > New York > Gazetteer of the State of New York: embracing a comprehensive view of the geography, geology, and general history of the State, and a complete history and description of every county, city, town, village, and locality, Part 2 > Part 54
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The St. Lawrence Democrat was begun in Sept. 1840, by E. A. Barber, and continued 2 years.
The Northern Cabinet and Literary Repository, semi-mno., was begun Jan. 2, 1843, by Chas. Boynton, and in 1845 ro- moved to Potsdami.
The Engineer was issued in 1844 hy Chas. Boynton
574
ST. LAWRENCE COUNTY.
The first white settlement in this co. was made by Franeis Picquet, a French Sulpitian, who estab lished an Indian mission at the mouth of the Oswegatchie in 1749 and styled it " La Presenta- tion."1 In 1759 the first island below Ogdensburgh, 3 mi. down the St. Lawrence, was taken pos- session of by the French and strongly fortified .? It was named Fort Levi; and here the last Freneh resistance was made against the English, in 1760. During the Revolution it was the rendezvous of sealping parties of tories and Indians, who harassed the frontier settlements on the Mohawk and Hudson. ' Two expeditions were fitted out against this place during the Revolution ; but the English held possession of the fort at Oswegatchie until 1796, when it was surrendered under the provisions of Jay's Treaty." The Oswegatchies collected by Picquet werc removed, in 1793, from the vicinity of Johnstown, U. C., to a point opposite, on the s. shore, known as Indian Point. In 1807 they removed to St. Regis and elsewhere.‘
The co. ineludes the traet known as the " Ten Towns,"5 Traet No. II,6 of Macomb's Pur- chase, containing 821,879 acres, Tract No. III,7 of the same purchase, containing 640,000 acres,8 a small portion located by Revolutionary land warrants, and the islands in the St. Lawrence.10 The first settlement under State authority was made at Ogdensburgh, in 1796, by Nathan Ford, agent of Samuel Ogden. Before 1800, small beginnings had been made at Lisbon, Madrid, and Massena. The " Ten Towns" were opened for settlement, under the original purchasers, within the next 5 years, and the adjacent parts of the Macomb Purchase soon after. At the eommenee- ment of the War of 1812 there were about 8,000 inhabitants in the eo., thinly scattered over nearly the whole territory now settled. Great alarm was felt along the whole frontier, and many families left the river towns. It soon became the theater of stirring military events, and various expeditions were planned and attacks made on both sides of the border.11
At the close of the war the eo. rapidly filled up with an immigration chiefly from Vt. and the other New England States. The completion of the Erie Canal cheeked the growth of the co. by opening to emigration the more fertile lands of the West. The price of wild lands greatly fell, and many visions of immense wealth were blighted. For the last twenty years a steady and healthy improvement has been going on, which has been greatly increased by the lines of rail- road completed through it.12 In 1837-40 the whole froutier was greatly excited by the " Patriot
The Inquirer and Tariff Advocate, a campaign paper, was issued from The Cabinet press in 1844 by Chas. Boynton.
The Canton Weekly Citizen was hegun Jan. 1, 1852, by J. S. Sar- geant, and continued 4 weeks.
The Canton Independent was removed from Madrid in 1853, and published by O. L. Ray. It was soon discontinued.
The St. Lawrence Plain Dealer was begun in 1855 by Goodrich & Remmington ; it is now published hy S. P. Remington.
Young America is now puhlisbed by C. W. Ames. The other papers in the co. have been-
The Northern New Yorker, begun April 2, 1849, at Gouverneur, by Wm. Goodrich and M. F. Wilson; and issued a little more than one year.
The St. Lawrence Advertiser was begun in 1850, at Gouvernenr, and a few numbers issued.
The Laborer was commenced in July, 1852, at Gouverneur, by M. Mitcbel. It was succeeded by
The St. Lawrence Free Press, begun in 1853 hy J. J. Emmes, and afterward published by G. K. Lyman. It was romoved to Ogdensburgh in the fall of 1854 and united with The Sentinel.
The Progressive Age was begun in June, 1855, at Gouverneur, by G. D. Greenfield. It was removed to Potsdam in 1856, and changed to The Northern Freeman.
The True Democrat was hegun in May, 1850, at Madrid, by M. F. Wilson and O. L. Ray. In its 2d year it became The Columbian Independent ; was continned 1 yr., when it was re-
moved to Canton and changed to the Canton Independent. 1 This place hecame a French military station, and a magazine for supplying expeditions sent to their 8. w. poets; and from this point were fitted out many of the parties that ravaged the back settlements of N. Y., Penn., and Va.
2 This island was called by the Indians " Ora-conen-ton," and by the French " Isle Royal." It is now called Chimney Island, from the ruins still visible.
8 Upon the approach of Lord Amherst in 1760, the fort at the mouth of the Oswegatobie was abandoned. The island was in- vested on the 18th of Aug. Upon Gallop Island the English found a number of scalps, which so exasperated them that they hurned the chapel and houses, the ruins of which ar, still visi- hle. The batteries opened on the 23d. and on the 25th the place, under Pouchot, surrendered. The English named the fort- ress, Fort Frederick Augustus. On their voyage down the river from this place to Montreal, the English lost in the rapids 46 bateaux, 17 whaleboats, and 84 men. The island was occupied hut a short time, and the works soon fell into ruins .- Knox's Journal ; Mante's Hist .; Memoir of Pouchot ; Entick's Hist.
4 These Indians claimed large tracts of land and leased them to parties from Canada, who cut off the most valuable timber and committed other wasteful depredations.
6 The " Ten Towns" were sold at auction by the land commis- sioners in 1787, in quarter sections, except Madrid and Oswe- gatchie, which were sold in square miles. In each town a mile square was reserved for literature, and another for the gospel and schools.
6 The original townships in this tract were named as follows : -1. Sherwood; 2. Oaklain ; 3. Mortlake; 4. Harewood ; 5. Janes- town; 6. Pierrefield; 7. Graushuck ; 8. Hollywood; 9. Kildare; 10. Matildavale; 11. Wick; 12. Riversdale; 13. Cook ham; 14. Catharineville; 15. Islington; 16. Chesterfield; 17. Grange; 18. Crumack.
7 The original townships of this tract were named as follows: -1. Hammond; 2. Somerville; 3. De Witt; 4. Fitz William; 5. Ballybeen; 6. Clare; 7. Killarney; 8. Edwards; 9. Sarahsburgh ; 10. Clifton ; 11. Portaferry; 12. Scriba ; 13. Chaumont; 14. Bloom- field ; 15. Emilyville.
8 These tracts were conveyed to Dan'l McCormack hy patent in 1795-98.
9 The town of Massena comprises this portion of the co. 10 The islands were sold in 1823.
11 A regiment of militia was stationed at Ogdenshurgh during the summer of 1812. In July, 1812, a fleet of 6 schooners- caught at Ogdensburgh by the war-attempted to reach the lake, hut were intercepted: 2 were burned, and the rest lastened back. On the last day of July a bloodless engagement took place between the American schooner, Julia, and the British vessels, Earl of Moira and Duke of Gloucester. In Sept. an attack was made upon a number of bateaux at Toussaint Island, opposite Lisbon, in which the Americans lost one and the British several meu. On the 2d of Oct. the British made a show of attacking Ogdensburgh, and on the 4th made a real attack, but were re- pulsed, with the loss of a gunboat and 2 men killed. In Jan. the Americana surprised and captured Brock ville, liberated several prisoners, paroled 50 of the citizens, and took a quantity of stores. On the 22d of Feb. the British, in retaliation, captured Ogdens- hurgh. carried away the cannon and stores, and paroled a large number of citizens, who were afterward exchanged for those of Brockville. Late in 1813 Gen. Wilkinson's expedition passed down the St. Lawrence, and suffered a disastrous defeat at Chrys- lers Field, opposite Louisville. The British followed the retreat- Ing Americans and landed at Hauilltou, (Waddington.)-Hough's Hist. St. Law. & Frank. Chs.
12 The lands in the co. have douhled in value by the completion of the railroads.
575
ST. LAWRENCE COUNTY.
War." The battle of Windmill Point, the most memorable event of that ill-concerted movement, was fought within sight of Ogdensburgh, in Nov. 1838.1 The U. S. Collection Dist. of Oswegatchie was established March 2, 1811, and embraces the whole co. Its chief office is at Ogdensburgh, with subordinate offices at each of the river towns.
BRASHER2-was formed from Massena, April 21, 1825. A part of Lawrence was taken off in 1828. It lies on the w. border of the co., N. of the center. Its surface is generally level, with gentle undulations in the w. part. The principal streams are St. Regis and Decr Rivers and Trout Brook. The soil in the w. part is stony and in parts sandy ; in the s. E. it is light and sandy ; and in the N. it is a elay loam and very productive. Bog iron ore is obtained abundantly in the E. part, in the range where the sand rests upon the clay deposits. Brasher Falls3 (p. v.) is a manufacturing village upon the St. Regis, in the s. w. corner of the town, 1 mi. below the R. R. station. Pop. 257. Helena' (p. v.) is situated at the mouth of Deer River, and has a limited amount of water-power. Pop. 100. Brasher Iron Works, (p.o.,) 2} mi. above Helena, on Deer River, is the seat of an important furnace. Brasher Center is a hamlet on the St. Regis River. The first improvement in town (at Helena) was under the ageney of Russell At- water, in 1817. Stillman Fuller built the furnace at Brasher Iron Works in 1825.5 The first settlement at Brasher Falls was made in 1826. In 1839 C. T. Hulburd purchased 600 aeres, including the village site of Brasher Falls, and in 1841 made the first considerable improvement. On the 26th of May, 1857, a fire in the woods ravaged this town, and destroyed the furnace and nearly the whole village at the "Iron Works."6 The census reports 6 churches in town.7 -
CANTON8-was formed from Lisbon, March 28, 1805. It occupies a nearly central position in the co. Its surface is level or gently undulating. Grass River, flowing through the eenter, and the Oswegatchie, flowing through the N. w. corner, are the principal streams.º It is underlaid by white limestone and gneiss in the s., and by Potsdam sandstone in the central and N. parts. The soil is a deep, fertile, gravelly loam. Iron pyrites, from which eopperas (sulphate of iron) has been manufactured, is found in abundance near High Falls, on Grass River.1º Canton,11 (p.v.,) the county scat, is pleasantly situated on Grass River, a little E. of the center of the town. It is an important station on the P. & W. R. R. It has a number of manufactures,12 and is the seat of the Canton Academy, founded in 1831, and of the St. Lawrence University,13 an institution founded under the auspiees of the Universalist denomination in 1856. Pop. 1,029. Morley14 (p. v.) is on Grass River, near the N. border of the town. Pop. 350. Rensselaer Falls15 (p. v.) is a small village on the Oswegatchie, in the N. w. corner of the town. It was formerly the seat of an iron forge. Crarys Mills (p. o.) is a hamlet on the line of Potsdam. South Canton is in the E. part. Daniel Harrington settled on the site of the Agricultural Fair Grounds in Canton Village in 1800. The first permanent settler was Stillman Foote, who bought a mile square where the village now stands, and removed thither in 1801, aecompanied by several men. In 1802 he built a mill, and the town began to be rapidly settled.16 Religious meetings were held as early as 1804. The first church (Presb.) was formed under the Rev. Amos Pettingill, in 1807.17
1 Tho leaders in this movement dared not risk their own lives | This canal was formerly 3 to 20 rods wide, and was navigable for in the hattle, and left the few, consisting mostly of young men small boats in high water. It flowed toward the w., and over- flowed an alluvial flat of 4500 acres. To reclaim this, both ends and boys, to engage the greatly superior numbers of the British. The battle was short and bloody. Of the 159 patriots taken | of the canal have been closed, and a drain dug along the Oswe- prisoners, 18 were released without trial, 3 were acquitted, and gatchie to below Rensselaer Falls. 129 were sentenced to be hung. Of the last number, 10 were 10 Fruitless explorations for copper have here been made at great expense. hung. 60 transported to Van Diemene Land, 56 pardoned, 2 sen- tenced to a 7 years' term in the penitentiary, and 2 died of their 11 Incorp. May 14, 1845. wounds .- Hough's Hist. St. Law. & Frank. Cos.
2 Named from Philip Brasher, of Brooklyn, part owner. It embraces the townships of " Grange" and " Crumack," or Nos. 17 and 18 of Great Tract No. II, Macomh's Purchase.
& Mills, a fork and hoe factory, and an agricultural implement factory, are located here.
+ Named from Helen, daughter of Joseph Pitcairn, of New York, former owner of a large part of the town.
5 In 1827 the furnace was purchased hy Isaac W. Skinner and R. W. Bush. In 1830 the latter was succeeded by W. HI. Alex- ander, and the hnsiness was continned hy Alexander & Skinner until the village was destroyed by fire in 1857. The works are about being rebuilt.
6 The fire desolated nearly the whole town, and for a time threatened Brasher Falls. The conntry around was also deso- lated by running fires in 1849.
1 2 Presh. and M. E. at Brasher Falls, Presh. at HIelena, M. E. at " Maple Ridge," w. part of the town, R. C. near Brasher Falls, and F. W. Bap.
8 It embraces No. 6 of the " Ten Towns," and is 10 mi. sq.
9 A natural canal connects the channels of the two streams.
12 Consisting of lumber, shingles, sash, wagons, flour, and leather.
13 An elegant brick building was erected here in 1857; and in 1858 a theological school was organized by E. Fisher. The col. legiate department has not yet been organized.
14 Formerly " Long Rapids." Named Morley from a relativo of the Harrison family. It contains several sawmills, a sash factory, and tannery.
15 A forge was erected here in 1839, by Tate, Chafeo & Co., and the place named " Tateville." It was more generally known as " Canton Falls" until the p. o. was established in 1851. The present name was derived from II. Van Rensselaer, who laid out the village in 1846.
16 Danlel W. Church, the pioneer millwright of the co., erected the first mill here, for S. Foote, in 1801. The summer of that year was very sickly ; and in May the father of S. Foote died of the smallpox and was buried in a bark coffin. Wm. Barker taught the first school, in 1804. The first birth was a daughter of L. Johnson.
17 The census reports 9 churches; 2 M. E., Bap., Univ., Prot. E., (Grace C.,) Wes. Meth., Cong., F. W. Bap., and R. C.
576
ST. LAWRENCE COUNTY.
The late Gov. Silas Wright settled in Canton Village as a lawyer in 1819, and continued to reside here until his death, Aug. 27, 1847.
COLTON -was formed from Parishville, April 12, 1843. A small part was annexed from Parishville in 1851. It is a long, narrow town, lying s. E. of the center of the co. and extending to Hamilton co. on the s. Its surface is broken and hilly; and it is nearly all covered with forest. It is erossed by the Racket, Grass, and Oswegatchie Rivers. In the central and s. parts are numerous small lakes, the principal of which is Cranberry Lake. The extreme N. part only is inhabited. The principal business is lumbering. Colton (p. v.) is an important lumber station upon Racket River, near the N. w. corner of the town. Several extensive gang sawmills were erected here in 1850-52; but the business has been partially suspended. An extensive tannery for the manu- facture of sole-leather was built here in 1857.2 Pop. 379. South Colton is a p. o. at Three Falls. The first settlement was begun in 1824, at Colton Village.8 There are a M. E. and a Univ. church in town, both built in 1852.
DE KALB'-was formed from Oswegatchie, Feb. 21, 1806. A part of De Peyster was taken off in 1825, and a part of Hermon in 1830. It lies on the Oswegatchie, w. of the center of the eo. Its surface consists of broken ridges of white limestone and gneiss with narrow valleys between them. The soil is excellent and is generally under a good state of cultivation. De Kalb5 (p. v.) is situated on the Oswegatchie, near the center of the town. Pop. 120. Rich- ville6 (p. v.) is situated on the Oswegatchie, in the s. w. corner of the town. Pop. 250. East De Kalb is a p. o. and station on the P: & W. R. R. Coopers Falls is a hamlet. The first settlement was made in 1803, under Judge William Cooper, of Cooperstown, as agent. The first settlers were principally from Otsego co. There are 5 churches in town."
DE PEYSTER®-was formed from Oswegatchie and De Kalb, March 24, 1825. It lies on the s. shore of Black Lake, N. w. of the center of the co. Its surface is broken in the s. by the parallel primitive ridges, and is level in the N. The principal streams are the Oswegatchie, on the N. border, and Beaver Creek, on the s. Moon Lake lies in the s. part. The soil along the lake is very fertile, in the center of average fertility, and in the s. it is light and sandy. The " Old State Road," the first traveled route through this part of the co., cxtended through this town. De Peyster Corners (De Peyster p. o.) is a small village. Edenton is a p. o. The first scttle- ment was made in the fall of 1802, by Sam'l Bristol and others.º The census reports 2 churches ; a M. E. and a Cong.
EDWARDS10-was formed from Fowler, April 7, 1827. A part of Hermon was taken off in 1830, and a part was annexed from Hermon in 1850. It lies on the Oswegatchie, s. w. of the center of the co. Its surface consists of ridges of the primitive formation and the narrow valleys between them. The soil is generally a light, sandy loam, and in the valleys is very productive; but the town is best adapted to grazing. A large number of minerals are found among the primitive rocks.11 Edwards (p. v.) is situated on the Oswegatchie. Pop. 350. South Ed- wards12 (p. v.) contains a. grist and saw mill and several mechanic shops. The first settlement commenced along the St. Lawrence Turnpike, in 1812.13 Several Scotch families came into town in 1817. There are 5 churches in town.14
FINE15-was formed from Russell and Pierrepont, March 27, 1844. It lies in the extreme s.
1 Named from Jesse Colton Iligley, an early settler. It em- braces the townships of "Sherwood," "Harewood," "Gran- shuck," and " Matildavale," or Nos. 1, 4, 7, and 8 of Great Tract No. II, Macomb's Purchase.
? This establishment employs about 25 men.
3 Among the first settlers were Asahel Lyman, Abel Brown, Wm. Bullard, Horace Garfield, and Sam'l Partridge. Miss Young taught the first school, in 1826. The first death was that of a child of Jas. Brown, in 1829.
4 Named in honor of Baron De Kalb. It originally ombraced No. 7 of the " Ten Tions."
5 Originally named "Williamstmon."
6 About 30 families came in the first year. Salmon Rich, Jona. Haskins. and Sol. Pratt were among the first settlers of Richville, in 1804. The first child born was Jehiel Dimick; the first marriage. that of Elisha Cook and Lotta Willey; and the first deatlı, that of George Cowdrey. Bela Willis taught the first school at De Kalb, and Jos. Kneeland at Richville. Wm. Cooper built the first hotel, in 1803, and the first mills, at Coopers Falls, in 1804.
" Bap. and Cong. at Richville, Presb., M. E., and Union (M. E. and Bap.) at East De Kalb.
8 Named from Frederick De Peyster. of New York, former pro-
prietor. Mr. De P. gave the town $300 to assist in building a union church and townhouse; and he also caused a bell to be cast, with an appropriate inscription for its use.
9 Among the first settlors were Thos. Wilson, Joseph Ronnd, Sam'l Barnard, - Green, Ichabod Arnold, Robt. Hill, Fred. R. Plympton, David Day, Rufus Washburn, and Smith Stillwell. Bela Willis taugbt the first school and was the first local preacher.
10 Named from Edward McCormack, brother of the proprietor. It embraces most of No. 8 of Great Tract No. III.
11 Among these are iron ore, mica, Rensselaerite, serpentine, and tourmaline.
12 Locally known as "Shawville," from Elijah Shaw, wbo opened the first store in 1825. Freemansbush, in the E. part, was the seat of a large furnace destroyed by fire.
18 Among the first settlers were Asa Brayton, Jos. M. Bonner, S. & E. Jones, and - Johnson. The first birth was that of John B. Brayton, in 1812; and the first death was that of - Part- ridge, accidentally killed in 1812. Orra Shead built the first grist- mill, in 1814. In 1817 a large number of Scotch settlers came in town.
14 M. E., Univ., Cong., Bap., and Union.
16 Named from John Fine, of Ogdensburgh, principal pro-
577
ST. LAWRENCE COUNTY.
part of the co. Its surface is elevated and broken, and its soil is a moderately fertile, gravelly loam. It is drained by the Oswegatchie and its branches. It is principally a wilderness, the set- tlements being confined to the N. part. Iron ore is found in town. Fine is a p. o. in the N. There is no village in town. The first clearing was made in 1823, by Elias Tcall.1
FOWLER ?- was formed from Rossie and Russell, April 15, 1816. The townships of Edwards and Fitz William (now a part of Hermon) were annexed from Russell in 1818. Edwards was · taken off in 1827, a part of Hermon in 1830, and Pitcairn in 1836. It lies upon the Oswegatchie, in the southwesterly part of the co. Its surface is much broken by ridges of gnciss. It is draincd by the Oswegatchie and its branches. Silver Lake lies s. of the center of the town. The soil along the streams is a fertile loam, in the N. w. a clayey loam, and in the E. a light sand. Several valuable minerals are found in town. Hailesborough, on the Oswegatchie, and Little York (Fowler p. o.) are small villages. Fullerville (Fullerville Iron Works p. o.) is the seat of an extensive manufactory of iron." West Fowler is a p. o. The first settle- ments were made by Brig. Gen. Haile, at Hailesborough, in 1807,5 and by Sam'l B. Sprague, at Little York, in 1811. The town did not begin to be settled rapidly until after 1820. The census reports 4 churches in town.6
GOUVERNEUR-was formed from Oswegatchie, April 5, 1810. A part of Macomb was taken off in 1841. It lies in the w. part of the co. Its surface is generally level, but somewhat broken in the N. by low ridges of white limestone. It is drained by the Oswegatchie, which twice flows across the town. The town abounds in interesting minerals.8 The soil is sandy in a few places, but is chiefly clay and loam, and is highly productive. The Kearney Iron Mine, in the s. corner, has furnished an immense quantity of ore. Gouverneur (p. v.) was incorp. Dec. 7, 1847. Pop. 785. It is the seat of a flourishing academy," and has a considerable local trade and the only p. o. in town. Riverside Cemetery is beautifully located on the opposite bank of the Oswegatchie, E. of the village. It was consecrated June 23, 1858. It is a station upon the P. & W. R. R. The first settlement was made in the summer of 1805, by Dr. Richard Townsend, agent of Gouverneur Morris, the proprictor.10 The first church (Bap.) was formed in 1810.11
HAMMOND12-was formed from Rossie and Morristown, March 30, 1827. A part was annexed to Macomb in 1842, and a part to Rossie in 1844. It lies upon the St. Lawrence, in the extreme w. part of the co., and includes a portion of The Thousand Islands. The surface is generally level, but broken upon its N. and s. borders by low primary ridges. A level terrace of sandstone, forming a continuous and regular mural wall, extends from the N. shore of Black Lake through the center of the town into Jefferson co. Black Brook flows through a stagnant swamp, which borders upon this sandstone terrace. Its soil is generally a deep, fertile loam. Hammond, (p. v.,) on the Rossie Plank Road; South Hammond, on the " Old Mili- tary Road;" and Oak Point,13 (p. v.,) a landing on the St. Lawrence, are small villages. Chippewa is a hamlet on a bay of the same name. Slight improvements began here in 1812; but settlements did not increase until 1818-21, when a number of Scotch families located just w. of the present site of Hammond Village.14 There are 4 churches in town.15
prietor. It embraces " Scriba," " Bloomfield," "Emilyville," and | it was received under the patronage of the M. E. Black River the south half of " Sarahsburgh," or Nos. 12, 14, 15, and 9 of Great Tract No. III, Macomb's Purchase.
1 Jas. C. Haile built a rude mill in 1828. The settlement was soon after ahandoned, but renewed in Feb. 1834, by Amasa J. Brown.
2 Named from Theodocius Fowler, of New York, former pro- prietor. It embraces " Kilkenny," or No. 7 of Great Tract No. III, Macomh's Purchase.
3 Iron ore, white marble, sulphates of lead, copper, and zinc, asbestus, Rensselaerite, mica, and chalcedony.
4 This village contains a furnace, 2 forges, and several mills. 5 Gen. HI. purchased a milo square, with an agreement to build a mill within a year. Among the other early settlers wero Elijah Sackett. 1.emuel Arnold, John Ryan, and Ebenezer Parker. The first birth was a child of - Merrills; the first marriage, that of John Parker and Elizabeth S. Sackett, in 1812.
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