USA > New York > Gazetteer of the State of New York: embracing a comprehensive view of the geography, geology, and general history of the State, and a complete history and description of every county, city, town, village, and locality, Part 2 > Part 25
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462
ONEIDA COUNTY.
sawmills, 1 gristmill, a furnace, tannery, several small manufactories, and 40 houses. Bloss- vale is a p. o. in the s. part. The first settlement was commenced in 1793,1 by John W. Bloom- field, from N. J. The census reports 4 churches in town.2
AUGUSTA3-was formed from Whitestown, March 15, 1798. A part of Vernon was taken off in 1802, and a part of Stockbridge (Madison co.) in 1836. It lies on the w. border of the co., s. of the center. Its surface is a rolling upland. Two ranges of hills extend N. and s. through the town on opposite sides of Skanandoa Creek, affording limestone of excellent quality for lime and building purposes. Oriskany Creek flows through the extreme s. E. corner, and Skanandoa Creek flows N. through near the center. The soil is a fertile, clayey and sandy loam. Augusta, (p. v.,) near the center, contains 2 churches and 100 inhabitants. Knox Corners, (p.v.,) N. w. of the center, contains a church and 200 inhabitants. Oriskany Falls, (p. v., ) in the S. E. corner, contains a church, a saw and grist mill, machine shop, distillery, and 711 iuhabitants. The first settlement was made by - Gunn, in 1793." The first religious services were held at the house of - Fairbanks, in 1794.5
AVA6-was formed from Boonville, May 12, 1846. It is the central town on the N. border of the co. Its surface is a moderately uneven upland, 700 to 1,000 ft. above the Rome level. It is drained by Fish Creek, the E. and w. branches of the Mohawk, Point Rock, and Blue Brooks. Several small sulphur springs have been found in town. The soil is a gravelly loam. Ava Corners, (Ava p. o.,) w. of the center, contains 20 houses. The first settlement was commeneed by Ebenezer IIarper, in 1798.7 A Friends meeting house is the only place of worship in town.
BOONVILLE8-was formed from Leyden, (Lewis co.,) March 28, 1805. Ava was taken off in 1846. It lies on the N. border of the co., E. of the center. Its surface is a hilly, broken up- land, 800 to 1,000 ft. above the canal at Rome. Black River flows through the N. E. part, and Lansing Kil rises near the center and flows s. to the Mohawk. Its soil is clayey loam, in many places thickly covered with boulders and often inelining to sand. Near the village are immense deposits of drift. Its E. border extends into the great forest, and presents the meager, sandy soil and naked rocks peculiar to that region. There is a gas spring 1} mi. w. of the village, and a sulphur spring 1} mi. s. The latter has acquired some local celebrity. Boonville, (p. v., ) in the N. w. part, was incorp. in 1855. It contains 3 churches, a printing office, several manu- factories, and 1,000 inhabitants. It is the present N. terminus of the Black River & Utica R. R. It is on the summit level of the Black River Canal, and has a large trade with the country N., W., and E. Alder Creek, (p. v.,) in the s. E. part, contains a church and 20 houses. Forest Port, (p. v., ) near the s. E. corner, on the line of Remsen, contains 20 houses. Hawkinsville, (p. v.,) N. w. of the center, contains a saw and grist mill, chair factory, carding mill, and 339 in- habitants. Hurlbutville is a p. o. The first settlement commeneed in 1795.9 The first church was formed in 1805.10
BRIDGEWATER11-was formed from Sangerfield, March 24, 1797. It is the s. E. corner town of the co. Its surface is uneven. The valley of the w. branch of the Unadilla and its tribu- taries, locally known as " Bridgewater Flats," in the N., is about a mi. wide, but decreases to about
Glass and Iron Manufacturing Co. began operations here in 1809. In 1811 a blast furnace was erected. Formerly hollow ware was extensively made; hut at present pig iron is the chief product.
1 The first settlement was made at Taherg. Among the early settlers were Elias Brewster, Adam P. Campbell, Nicholas Arm- strong, and Squire Fairservice.
2 Preeb., M. E., Bap., and R. C.
3 This town is included in the s. part of the tract leased from the Oneidas in 1794 to Peter Smithi. The lease is said to have been for 999 years. The tract was divided into 4 allotments, the first of which liee wholly within this town. The lease was assumed hy the State in 1795-97, and patents were granted to settlers, Smith retaining 6 lots in the town as part payment for his lease. The first settlers took their landy as tenants under Smith. Part of the Oneida Reservation, purchased in 1795 and sold at auction in 1797, ie included in the N. part of the town.
4 Among the early settlers were Benjamin Warren. David Morton, John Alden, Ichabod Stafford, Joseph and Abraham Forbes, Isaac and Benjamin Allen, Amos Parker, Thos. Cassaty, Ozias and Lemuel Ilart. James Reynolds, Abel Prior, Thomas Spafford, Ezen Saxton, Abiel Lindsey, and Francis O'Toole. The first birth was that of Peter Smith Gunn; the first marriage, that of Daniel Hurt and Catharine Putnam ; and the first death, that of Eleazer Putnam, in 1795. T. Cassaty huilt the first sawmill. in 1795, at Oriskany Falls. A gristinill was built the uuxt year.
6 The census reports 5 churches in town; 2 Cong., M. E., Bap., and Union. 6 Named from a city in Burninh. 7 Zephauiah and Abner Wood eettled in town about 1800. Meesre. Barnard, Fanning, Adams, Mitchell, Beck, and Tiffany were early settlers. Salınon Bates kept the first inn, in 1800. Benj. Jones built the first sawmill, in 1801,-at which time there were only 9 other inhabitants in town. The road cut through from Fort Stanwix to the French settlement on Black River, toward the close of the last century, I'd through this town ; and traces of it may etill be seen. Several tributariee of Black River take their rise in swamps in the N. E. part of the town.
8 Named from Gerrit Boon, agent of the Holland Land Co., who made the first settlement. Iu carly times it was called "Boon's Upper Settlement."
9 Andrew Edmunds came on in 1795 as an agent of the llol land Land Co., with several men, built a sawmill, and com- menced a gristmill, which was finished the next year. Luke Fisher and son, Phineas, Martin, and Silas Southwell, Asahel and Ezekiel Porter, Aaron Willard, Jacob Springer, Jephtha King, and Ilezekiah Jones came in 1796. Lemuet Hough and Daniel Pitcher were early settlers. The first, birth was that of a daughter of Jacob Springer: and the first marriage, that of Henry Evans and Elizabeth Edmunds. The first store and inn were opened hy the agents of the company.
10 Rev. Daniel Smith was the first minister. There are now 5 churches in town ; l'resh., M. E., Bap., Union, and R. C.
11 The " Line of Property," run in accordance with a treaty of 1718, passed through this town .- Jones's Annals, p. 123.
463
ONEIDA COUNTY.
half that width in the s.1 The hills rise, on the E. and w. borders, 300 to 500 ft. above the valley, their declivities being often steep. The w. branch of the Unadilla2 flows s. through the town. The soil in the E. is a gravelly loam, and in the w. elay. Stone is quarried in the N. E. part. Bridgewater, (p. v.,) in the s. part, contains 3 churchics, the Bridgewater Academy, and 306 Inhabitants. North Bridgewater (p. v.) contains 15 houses. Babcock Hill (p. o.) is a hamlet. The first settlement was commenced in 1788,3 by Joseph Farwell. There are 3 churches in town ; Cong., Bap., and Univ.
CAMDEN-was formed from Mexico, (Oswego eo.,) March 15, 1799. Florence was taken off in 1805, Vienna in 1807, and a part of Annsville in 1823. It lies upon the w. border of the co., near the N. w. eorner. Its surface is rolling, gradually rising toward the N., where it is broken by hills whose summits are several hundred feet above Oneida Lakc. The w. branch of Fish Creek flows diagonally through the town toward the s. E. Mad River from the N. unites with it near Camden Village; and Little River, a tributary, forms part of the s. boundary. The soil is a sandy loam, in some places gravelly and stony, but generally well adapted to grazing. Cam- den, (p. v.,) in the E. part, was incorp. in 1834. It contains 3 churches, saw and grist mills, a sash and blind manufactory, pump factory, 2 tanneries, a cloth manufactory, and 862 inhabitants. West Camden, (p. v.,) near the N. w. corner, contains 20 houses. Hillsborough, (p. o.,) in the s. part, is a hamlet. The first settlement commenced near the close of the last century.' The first religious society was formed Feb. 19, 1798, by Rev. Eliphalet Steele.5 The church re- ceived from the heirs of John Murray an endowment in lands yielding a revenue of $112.
DEERFIELD-was formed from Schuyler, (Herkimer co.,) March 15, 1798. Marcy was taken off in 1832. It lies near the center of the E. border of the co. Its surface is mostly a high plateau, 600 to 1,000 ft. above the Mohawk, forming the N. continuation of the Hassenclever Mts. of IIerkimer co. A broad intervale, partly overflowed in high water, extends along the Mohawk opposite Utica ; and on the N. E. the surface descends abruptly to the creek. The Mohawk flows along the s. w. border of the town, and West Canada Creck along the N. E. border. The soil on the flats is a deep, rich, alluvial loam, and on the hills a slaty and gravelly loam. Deerfield Corners, (Deerfield p. o., ) in the s. part, contains 2 churches, 3 carriage shops, and 50 houses. A thickly settled suburb of Utica extends toward the village. North Gage, (p. o.,) in the N. part, is a hamlet. The first settlement was commenced in 1773.6 The first religious serviens were held in 1798, by Rev. - Eddy. There are 4 churches in town.7
FLORENCE®-was formed from Camden, Feb. 16, 1805. A part of Annsville was taken off in 1823. It is the N. w. corner town of the co. Its surface is rolling, and 250 to 300 ft. above the Rome level. Mad River flows s. E. through the town. The soil is stony and light, and is underlaid by the Hudson River shales. A portion of the town is still covered by forests, which extend N. to near Jefferson co. Florence, (p. v.,) N. of the center, contains 3 churches, 3 sawmills, a grist- mill, tannery, and 40 houses. Empeyville, in the E. part, contains a church and 20 houses. East Florence (p. o.) and Florence Hill are hamlets. The first settlement commenced in 1801,9 by Amos Woodworth. The first religious society (Cong.) was formed Dec. 16, 1816;10 Rev. Samuel Sweezey was the first settled minister.
FLOYD11-was formed from Steuben, March 4, 1796. It lies in the interior, E. of the center of the co. Its surface is rolling, gradually rising to the N. border, where it attains an elevation of 200 to 300 ft. above the valley of the Mohawk. Nine Mile Creek12 flows through a small portion
1 The excavation which forms the valley has been filled to an immense depth with drift; and rock cannot be found within a great distance below the surface. Cedar swamps extend along several of the streams.
2 Called also the Ti-a-na-da-ra .- Jones's Annals, p. 122.
$ Among the early settlers were Ezra Parker, Ephraim and Nathan Waldo, - Lyman, and Jesse, Joel, and Abner Ives. Ezra Parker kept the first inn; Major Farwell built the first sawmill; and - Thomas the first gristmill. This is the sinallest and least populous town in the co.
+ Henry Williams was the first permanent settler, in 1796-97. Jesse Curtis had previously built a sawmill; but he did not settle in town until some time after. Levi Matthews, Daniel Parker, Seth and Joel Dunbar, Aaron Matthews, Samuel Wood, Thos. Comstock, Elihin Curtis, Samuel Royce, Noah and Andrew Tuttle, Benjamin Barnes, sr. and jr., Philip Barnes, Israel Stod- dard, and - Carrier were early settlers. The first birth was that of Noah P. Tuttle; the first marriage, that of Elihu Curtis and Anna Northrop : and the first deaths were those of Mrs. Bacon and a child, who were drowned in crossing Mad River in a canoe. Elihu Curtis kept the first inn, in 1799; and Timothy W. Wood the first store. about the same time.
6 There are now 5 churches in town; M. E., Wes. Meth., Prot. E., Cong., and R. C.
6 George G. Weaver, Capt. Mark Damoth, and Christian Real settled at the Corners in 1773. In 1776, hearing that a band of tories and Indians were planning a descent upon the settlement, they retreated to Little Stone Arabia. In 1784 they returned, and about the same time Peter, Nicholas, and George Weaver, Geo. Damothi, Nicholas and Philip Harter, came in. During the first 15 or 20 years the settlements did not extend to the . part of the town. The Cox and Coffin families were the first in that part. 7 Rap., Calv. Meth., Union, and R. C. 8 Named from the city of Florence, in Italy.
9 The first settlement commenced under the auspices of Wm Henderson, owner of Township 4 of Scriba's Patent. lle gave Amos Woodworth, John Spinning, and -- Turner 50 acres each. to commence a settlement. Azariah Orton, - Crawford and ltis son Clark, Norman Wangh, Benoni and Ebenezer Bar- low, Ambrose Curtis, Ephraim Wright. Joseph Olcott, and Benj Young came soon after. Several of the latter settled at Florence Hill. Nathan Thompson kept the first inn.
10 There are 5 churches in town; 2 M. J., 2 Union, and Bap 11 NAmed from Gen. Wm. Floyd, one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence, who purchased a part of Fonda's Patent and removed to this co. in 1803 .- Jones's Annals of Oneida Ch .. pp. 155, 705.
12 Called by the Indians Te-ya-nun-soke, " a beech tree standing."
464
ONEIDA COUNTY.
of the s. E. part. The soil is of good quality and well adapted to grain and grass. Floyd Cor- ners (Floyd p. o.) contains a church and 20 houses. The first settlement commenced about 1790, by Capt. Benjamin Pike.1 There are 4 churches in town ; Cong., Welsh Meth., Union,2 and R. C.
KIRKLAND3-was formed from Paris, April 13, 1827. Marshall was taken off in 1829, a part was annexed to New Hartford in 1834, and a part of Paris was annexed in 1839. It lies in the interior, s. of the center of the co. Its surface is a hilly upland, divided into two general ridges by the valley of Oriskany Creek. The hills are 200 to 500 ft. high, and the declivities are generally steep. Oriskany Creek flows N. E. through near the center. The soil is a rich, calcareous loam. Near Clinton Village are quarries of good building stone. Iron ore is found; and several thousand tons are annually shipped by the Chenango Canal, to Constantia, Taberg, and Penn. Great attention is paid to fruit growing, and this town excels every other town in the co. in the amount of fruit raised. The town derives its greatest interest from its extensive educational institutions, which entitle it to the appellation of the Literary Emporium of Oneida co. Clinton (p. v.) was incorp. April 12, 1843. Hamilton College" is located upon a hill overlooking the Oriskany Valley. Its buildings consist of Dexter Hall, or North College ; Kirkland Hall, or Middle College; Hamil- ton Hall, or South College; a chapel, laboratory, and an observatory. The course of study embraces a collegiate and a law department. A grammar school, under a separate board of trustees, is con- nected as a preparatory department. The college libraries contain about 10,000 volumes, and the cabinet of natural history contains about as many specimens. The village also contains 5 churches, 2 newspaper offices, the Clinton Liberal Institute,5 a grammar, a boarding, and a high school, and a few manufactories. Pop. 1,174. Manchester, (Kirkland p. o.,) a manufacturing village,6 in thie N. part, contains 30 houses. Franklin, near the center, contains the Franklin Iron Works7 and 35 houses. Clarks Mills,8 in the N. corner, is a manufacturing village, and contains a cotton factory, grist and saw mill, and 40 houses. The first settlement commenced in 1787, by 8 families.º Religious services were first held in the cabin of Capt. Foot.10
I Among the early settlers were Stephen Moulton, Wm. and | These causes have embarrassed the finances of the college; but Nathaniel Allen, James Chase, Elisha Lake, - Howard, Hope Smith, David Bryan, Samuel Denison, James Bartlett, - Put- ney, Jarvis Pike, Capt. Nathan Townsend, and Thomas Bacon- mostly froin Conn. The first death was that of - Foster; the second, that of Nathan Thompson, who was killed by a falling tree.
2 The plan of ownership of the union church is peculiar. The seats are owned and transferred by purchase, and the owners meet on the first Monday in each year and vote what denomina- tion shall occupy the house the ensuing year.
3 Named from the Rev. Samuel Kirkland, an early missionary among the Oneida Indians, who settled in the county in 1792. Ile was the principal founder of an academy sinee merged in Hamilton College. He died in 1808; and a monument was erected to his memory by the Northern Missionary Society.
4 Hamilton Oneida Academy was incorp. by the Regents, Jan. 31, 1793, mainly through the exertions of the Rev. Samuel Kirk- land. In 1794 a commodious building was erected, the corner stone of which was laid with mueh ceremony by Baron Steuben. The school was opened the same year under the Rev. John Niles, whose successors were Rev. Robert Porter, Seth Norton, and Rev. James Robbins. The success of this academy was highly gratifying to its friends; and the rapid development of Central New York suggested the necessity of more ample facilities for instrnetion and an extension of its course of stady. Clinton and Fairfield became active competitors for the honors of a college, and charters of similar character and conditions were granted to each, under the names of Hamilton and Clinton Colleges respectively. By a compromise between the friends of the rival locations, the latter institution was never organized. Clinton went on with its literary college, and employed the most active person in the Fairfield enterprise as its agent; while Fairfield organized a medical college. flamilton College was chartered May 26, 1812. and went into operation soon after, under the presidency of the Rev. Azel Backus. flis successors have been Henry Davis, in 1817; Sereno E. Dwight, in 1833; Joseph Penny, in 1835; Simeou North, in 1839: and Samuel Ware Fisher, iu 1858. The college is chiefly under the influence of the New School Presbyterian and Congregational Churches. From 1819 to 1832, dissensions between the Trustees and President seriously retarded the prosperity of the institution ; and during the same period insubordination among the students was of frequent occurrence. From 1838 to 1846 the college received $3,000 annually from the State; but the present Constitution eut it off from the receipt of a balance previously appropriated, and the grant has not been since continued. The Trustees many years since adopted the custom of admitting students unable to pay tuition fees ; and. from incautious extension, this usage became an abuse that showed itself upon the treasurer's books. The receipts from tuition became only a quarter as great as pre- viously, while the catalogne indicated by its numbers an in- ereasing prosperity. It was found more difficult to abandon this practice than it had been to adopt it; and it is still continued thras great an extent as the means of the institution will justify.
efforts are about being made to relieve it from debt. The sum of $50.000 was granted by the State, June 19, 1812, to aid in founding the college. Win. H. Maynard, of Utica. in 1832 gave $20,000 to endow a professorship of law ; and S. Newton Dexter, of Whitesboro. in 1836 gave his personal obligations for $15,000 to endow a professorship of the Greek and Latin languages. The observatory was built in 1854, at a cost of $5.000 besides the instru- mients, which have cost more than twice that sum.
5 The Clinton Liberal Institute was founded in 1832; it is under the patronage of the Universalist denomination, and has a male and a female department. The building for the former is of stone, 96 by 52 feet, 4 stories above the basement, and has accommodations for 100 students. The female department is an elegant structure, 144 by 00 ft., 2 stories high above the base- ment, and has an average attendance of 50 pupils. A small monthly paper, named the "Leaf Bud." "Summer Leaves," "Autumn Leaves," or " Wintergreen," according to the season, is published at this institution. llome Cottage Seminary is a private institution, established in 1854 as a ladies' seminary, by - Miss L. M. Barker. The edifice is 60 by 112 ft., and cost-in- eluding 8 acres of land-$20,000. It has been united with another ladies' school under Miss A. Chipman, and is very prosperous. An issue styled the " llome Cottage Quarterly" is published hy the pupils.' This seminary forms the female department of the grammar school. The Clinton lligh School, for males only, was established May, 1858, by Rev. B. W. Dwight and D. A. Holbrook. It is located & mi. from the village, cost $18,000, and has accom- modations for 80 students.
6 The Manchester Manufacturing Co., incorp. in 1815, gave employment to 100 hands, and manufactured cotton elothis to the amount of $100,000 per year until Aug. 19, 1855, when it was burned.
7 The Franklin Iron Works manufactures 4,000 tons of pig iron annually, from ore obtained in the immediate vicinity. It gives employment to 100 men, and turns out work to the amount of $100.000 annually.
8 Clark's Mills manufacture brown sheeting, and are furnished with 128 looms. The proprietors also have a manufactory of cotton cord, rope, and batting, and a gristmill and sawmill.
9 Moses Foot, his three sons Bronson, Luther, and Ira, and his son-in-law, Barnabas Pond, were of this number. Levi Shear- inan. Solomon Hovey. Ludin Blodget, Timothy Tuttle, Samuel Hubbard, Randall Lewis, Cordial Storrs, John Bullen, and Capt. Cassey were early settlers. Mrs. S. Hovey was the first white woman who moved into town. The first child born was Clinton Foot : the first marriage was that of Roger Leveret and Elizabeth Chescborough; and the first death was that of Mrs. Merah Tuttle. Skenandoah, an Oneida chief, died in this town, March 11, 1816, aged 110 years. Capt. Cassey built the first gristmill, in 1787. and a sawmill the next year. The village was early named from Gov. Clinton; and the vicinity was known by the Indians as Ka-de-wis-day.
10 'T'here are 5 churches in town ; 2 Cong, Bar, R. C, and Union.
465
ONEIDA COUNTY.
LEE -was formed from Western, April 3, 1811. A part of Annsville was taken off in 1823. It lies in the interior, N. of the center of the co. Its surface is rolling or moderately hilly, gradu- ally rising from the lowlands in the s. to an elevation of 500 to 800 ft. above the canal at Rome. The w. branch of the Mohawk flows through the N. E. corner, and Fish Creek forms a part of the w. boundary. The soil is a elayey, sandy, and gravelly loam, and in some localities very stony. Lee Center (p. v.) contains a church, saw and grist mill, tannery, and 40 houses. Lee, (p. v.,) in the s. w. corner, contains a church and 20 houses. Delta, (p. v.,) in the s. E. corner, on the line of Western, contains a foundery, tannery, and 228 inhabitants. West Branch, (p. v.,) in the N. E. corner, contains a saw and grist mill and 20 houses. Stokes? (p. o.) is a hamlet. The first settlement commeneed in 1790, at Delta, by Stephen and Reuben Sheldon.3 The first reli- gious society (Cong.) was formed in 1797, under Rev. James Southworth.4
MARCY -- was formed from Deerfield, March 30, 1832. It lies on the N. bank of the Mo- hawk, E. of the center of the co. Its surface is rolling; a wide intervale borders upon the river, from which rises an irregular table-land 300 to 500 ft. above the valley. Nine Mile Creek flows through the w. corner. The soil on the upland is a rich, sandy and gravelly loam, and on the flats an alluvial deposit, which is annually increased by the spring floods. Stittsville, (p. v.,) on the line of Trenton, contains a church, saw and grist mill, cotton factory, and 40 houses. Marcy is a p.o. The first settlement commenced in 1793,6 by John Wilson. The census re- ports 6 churches in town.1
MARSHALL-was formed from Kirkland, Feb. 21, 1829. It lies in the s. part of the co., the s. w. corner bordering on Madison co. The surface is a hilly upland, the hills rising 200 to 300 ft. above the valleys. Oriskany Creek flows N. E. through the w. part. The soil is a fertile, sandy loam. Deansville,8 (p. v.,) on the N. border, contains 2 churches, an academy, and 185 in- habitants. Hanover, (Marshall p. o.,) near the center, contains a church and 15 houses. Forge Hollow contains a church, a forge, and 35 houses. The first white settlement was com- menced in 1793,9 by David Barton. The first church (Cong.) was formed in 1797.10
NEW HARTFORD-was formed from Whitestown, April 12, 1827. A part of Kirkland was annexed in 1834. It lies upon the E. border of the co., s. of the center. Its surfaec is level or gently undulating, except in the extreme E. part, where is a low range of hills. Sauquoit Creek flows N. through near the center. The soil is a rich, calcarcous loam. New Hartford (p. v.) contains 4 churches, 2 cotton factories, a batting factory,11 a flouring mill, tannery, and 892 in- habitants. Washington Mills (p. v.) contains the Washington Steam Mills, Oneida Woolen Mills, and 50 houses. New York Upper Mills, (New York Mills p. o.,) on the N. border, contains a church, a cotton factory, dyc house, steam mills, and 40 houses. Willow Vale, in the s. part, contains a factory for making cotton machinery,12 a foundery, and 40 houses. The first settlement was commenced by Jedediah Sanger, in 1788.13 The first church (Presb.) was formed in 1791, by Rev. Jonathan Edwards ; and the first settled minister was Rev. Danl. Bradley. The census reports 6 churches in town.14
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