USA > New York > Gazetteer of the State of New York: embracing a comprehensive view of the geography, geology, and general history of the State, and a complete history and description of every county, city, town, village, and locality, Part 2 > Part 77
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ROSENDALE-was formed from Marbletown, New Paltz, and Hurley, April 26, 1844. It is an interior town, lying E. of the center of the co. Its surface is a rolling and broken upland, the highest summits being 200 to 500 ft. above the valleys. Rondout Creek flows N. E. through near the center, and receives Koxing Kil from the s. and Kottle Kil from the N. The Delaware & Hudson Canal extends along the valley of the Rondout. The soil is principally a sandy loam. The manufacture of cement has become one of the most important branches of business.5 There is an extensive paper mill in town. Rosendale, (p. v.,) upon the creck and canal, contains 2 churches and 450 inhabitants; Lawrenceville, 1 mi. w., 40 houses; Bruceville, (Iligh Falls p. o.,) upon the line of Marbletown, about 30 houses. Green Locks, a canal village, on the E. border, and Whiteport, in the x. part, each contain about 20 houses. The first settle- ments were made by the Dutch, about 1700.6 The first church (Ref. Prot. D.) was formed in 1797; Rev. Thos. G. Smith was the first preacher.7
SAUGERTIES®-was formed from Kingston, April 5, 1811. An error in the boundary was corrected June 8, 1812, and a part of Kingston was annexed April 2, 1832. It lics upon the IIudson, in the N. E. corner of the co. The surface is rolling in the E. and hilly in the center and w. The hills upon the river and extending 2 mi. back are underlaid by limestone, from which quicklime and cement are manufactured. Farther w. are quarries of fine flagging stone. Platte Kil flows through the town in a tortuous course and forms the principal drainage. Kaaters Kil flows along the N. border. The soil along the river is a clayey loam, and upon the uplands a sandy and gravelly loam. Quarrying is extensively carried on.9 Saugerties, (p. v., ) upon the Hudson, at the mouth of Esopus Kil, was incorp. April 26, 1831, as " Ulster." Its name was changed April 10, 1855. It contains the Saugerties Academy, 7 churches, a newspaper office, and several extensive manufactories. Pop. 3,334. Malden, (p. v.,) upon the IIudson, 2 mi. N. of Sauger- ties, is the seat of an extensive stone trade. Pop. 350. Glasco, (p. v., ) upon the IIudson, 3 mi. s. of Saugerties, is the seat of an extensive brick manufactory and stone trade. Pop.
1 There are 7 churches in town : 3 M. E., Wes Meth., Ref. Prot. D .. Presb., and Friends.
2 Nained in honor of the Earl of Rochester. The Indian name is said to be Mom-bac-cus.
3 The first trustees under the patent were Col. Henry Beek- man, Joachim Schoonmaker, and Mosys Du Puy.
4 In 1703 the following persons resided in town :- Van Gerritse Decker. Lode wyck Hornbeck, Leendart Kool. sr., Authony Horn- beck, W'm. De La Montaigne, Teunis Oosterhout. JJan Cart wright, Gysbert Van Garde, Andries Davies, and David Du Bois. Teunis Ousterhout had a " corne mill" on Mombaccus Kil, in 1743.
5 More than one-half of the cement made in the co. is mann- factured in this town. The water-limestone quarries may be waid to constitute the wealth of the town. The cement manu- factories are as follows :-
Barrels.
Newark and Rosendale Lime and Cement Co., at White-
port. maunfichiers annually 125,000
Rosendale Cement to., Rosendale, manufact's annually 40,000 Clearwater d Martin, .. 40,000
28,000 David S. Oglin. .6
Luther Hoffman,
8,000
G An inn was kept at the old " Rosendale Farm" in 1711.
7 There are 5 churches in town ; 2 Ref. Prot. D., Bap., Friends, and R. C.
8 This name is said to be derived from the Dutch "Zagger," a sawyer, from a sawmill built by Robert Livingston on Saw Kil. Ebenezer Wooster first used the name in 1749, when surveying the bounds of the Hardonburgh Patent.
In 1826, Henry Barclay, of N. Y., purchased the present site of the village, and the water-power. H. built a dam and con- structed a race which made a fall of 47 feet. Ile soon after built a rolling mill, paper mill, and cotton factory. The last named has since been changed to a white lead factory. The Ulster Iron Works employs 300 hands night and day, and mannfactures 6.000 tons of bar and hoop iron annually. The paper mill em- ploys 125 hands, and turns out 600 tons of paper minually. The White Lead Works employs 40 men, and manufactures 1,500 tous of paint annually. A steam mill for dressing stone turns out 1} tons daily. The village is also largely engaged in com- merce. About 30 sail-vessels are employed in exporting stone and brick. A stemm ferry plies between this place and Tivoli station on the Hudson River R. R., and a daily steamer runs to New York.
" It is estimated that 2,000 persons are employed in quarry- ing, dressing, drawing, and shipping stone from this town. The varieties are chiefly flagging and curb stone; but cut stone for many uses is also sold. About a balf ntillion of dollars' worth of stone is shipped annually from Saugerties, Malden, and Glasco.
667
ULSTER COUNTY.
about 300. West Camp, (p.v.,) upon the Hudson, in the N. part, contains a church and 15 houses. Quarryville, (p. v., ) in the N. part, and Unionville, noar the center, each con- tain about 300 inhabitants, who are mostly engaged in getting out stone from the neighboring quarries. Glenearie, upon the s. line, Van Akens Mills, near the center, and Ash- bury, are small villages. The first settlements were made by the Dutch, at an early period ; but the largest immigration was that of the German Palatinates,1 a colony of whom located at West Camp in 1710. The first church (Luth.) was organized at West Camp, in 1711. There are now 15 churches in town.2
SHANDAKEN'-was formed from Woodstock, April 9, 1804. A part was annexed from Neversink (Sullivan co.) in 1809. A part of Olive was taken off in 1823, Denning in 1849, and a part of Hardenburgh in 1859. It is the N. w. corner town of the co. Its surface is mostly a mountainous upland, broken by deep ravines. The declivities are steep and rocky, and a large share of the surface is too rough for profitable cultivation. The town is not inhabited except along the valleys, the mountain region being left to wild beasts and hunters. The soil in the valleys is a clay and sandy loam. The principal branches of business pursued are lumbering, shingle making, and tanning. Shandaken,4 (p.v.,) in the N. part, contains a church, a large tannery, a sawmill, gristmill, and 20 houses ; Pine Hill, (p. v., ) in the N. w. part, a sawmill, gristmill, tannery, and 15 houses. Ladews Corners, (The Corner p. o.,) in the extreme E. angle of the town ; Phoenicia, (p. o.,) in the N. E. corner ; and Woodland, (p. o.,) s. E. of the center, are hamlets. At each of these places, and at several other points in town, are exten- sive tanneries.6 The first settlements were made before the Revolution.6 There are 2 churches in town ; Ref. Prot. D. and M.E.
SHAWANGUNK'-was formed as a precinct Dec. 17, 1743, and as a town Mareh 7, 1788. A part of Gardiner was taken off in 1853, a part was annexed to Plattekill in 1846 and restored in 1848. It is the central town upon the s. border of the eo. The surface is a hilly and broken up- land. The Shawangunk Mts., extending along the w. border, are about 2,000 ft. above tide. The Shawangunk River forms about } of the s. boundary, and flows N. E. through near the eenter, re- eeiving Dwaars Kil8 from the w. Wall Kil flows N. E. through the E. part, receiving Muddy Kil from the E. and Dwaars Kil from the w. The soil is generally a gravelly loam. Shawangunk, (p. v.,) in the s. E. part, contains a gristmill, sawmill, spoke factory, and 20 houses ; Ulsterville, (p. o.,) in the s. w. part, 10 houses ; and Galeville Mills, (p.o.,) on Wall Kil, a church, sawmill, gristmill, and 10 houses. Dwaars Kil, near the center, is a p. o. Bruynswick, (p.o.,) on the N. line, contains a church and 10 houses ; Jamesburgha, (p. v.,) near the extreme w. angle, a enureh and 12 houses. New Hurley (p. o.) is a hamlet, on the line of Plattekill. The first settlements were made along the valley of Shawangunk River, by the Dutch, between 1680 and 1700.9 New Fort is a locality where two Indian battles were fought in 1663. The first church (Ref. Prot. D.) was formed Oet. 10, 1753 ; Rev. V. Vrooman was the first pastor.10
WAWARSINGH1-was formed from Rochester, March 14, 1806. A part was re-annexed to Ro :hester in 1823. It is the s. w. corner town in the co. Its surface is mostly a mountainous upland, broken by several deep valleys. The Shawangunk Mts. extend along the E. border; and spurs of the Catskills occupy the central and w. parts. The highest peaks are 2,000 to 3,000 ft. above tide. The mountainous portions in the E. and N. w. corners are rocky and precipitous and
1 Stephen Myers and brothers settled at a place called "Church- land." just w. of Saugerties Village. Martin Snyder settled at the same place, and G. W. Dedrick at West Camp, Aaron New- kirk and Felte Fiero in the same vicinity,-all in 1700, Dedrick Marrtesstock settled at " Kaatsban" in 1728. Peter Winne, Edward Woods, Myndert Mynderse. B. Barham, Jacobus Pearsen, Myndert Schutt, Godfrey Denolfen, and others, were early settlers. On the 18th of May, 1711, there were 14 Palatinates at " Elizabethtown," 111 at "Georgetown," and 321 at " New Vil- lage," in this town. The settlers afterward mostly removed to the valleys of the Schoharie and Mohawk.
2 4 Ref. Prot. D., 4 M. E., Gern. Meth., Bap., Cong., Prot. E., R. C., Luth., and Presb.
3 Said to signify " Rapid Water."
4 The road from Shandaken to Lexington is constructed through a pass 4 mi. long and in some places scarcely 500 feet wide, and abounding in picturesque scenery. It is through the watershed between Esopus and Schoharie Creeks.
5 200,000 sides of leather are annually manufactured in this town.
6 John Longyear, Cornelius Furlough, Jacob Brink. Coonradt Wisner, and Frederick Markle, all settled before the war.
Witherspoou tauglit school at The Corner at an early period.
7 Pronounced Shawn-gum, and said to mean "white rocks." The kil or creek receives this name from large white rocks at its junction with Wall Kil; and it was applied from the stream to the mountain and town. Another version is that it is named from the Shawan, a southern tribe, and gunk, a mountain, or, The mountain that extends toward the south.
8 The Dutch applied the term Dwaar to streams that flowed sometimes in one direction and sometimes in another. This phenomenon is true of waters at the mouth only of the stream. 9 Among the early settlers were Jacobus Bruyn, Cornelius Schoonmaker, Abram Schutt, Zachariah Hoffman, Benjamin Smedes, Jacob Decker, Johu Terwilliger, and Johannes Decker. Along Wall Kil, Robert Kain, Robert Graham, David Davis, Daniel Winfield. Hendrick Van Wegen, and James Penneck settled from 1710 to '30. A school was taught wear Bruyns- wick p. o., between 1730 and '40. The first mill was probably at the junction of Wall and Dwaars Kils, 1 mi. below shawang- unk Village.
10 There are 4 churches in town; 2 Ref. Prot. D. and 2 M. E. .
11 Usually abbreviated to " War-sink." It is an Indian word, an ! said to signify " black bird's nest."
668
ULSTER COUNTY.
too rough for cultivation. The s. w. portion is a hilly upland. Rondout Creek flows in a deep valley from the w. border s. E. to near the center; thence it turns at nearly right angles and flows N. E. to the E. border. It receives from the s. Sandburgh Creek, a stream which drains the w. deelivi- ties of the Shawangunk Mts., Beer Creek, and the outlet of Cape Pond, which flows through near the center and cmpties into Sandburgh Creek. The Delaware & Hudson Canal extends along the valleys of Rondout and Sandburgh Creeks, at the w. foot of the Shawangunk Mts. The soil in the valleys is principally a sandy loam. Lumber,1 leather, glass, earthenwarc, iron, and axes are extensively manufactured in different parts of the town. Ellenville, (p.v.,) upon Sand- burgh Creek, at the mouth of Beer Kil, was incorp. in Sept. 1858. It is an important canal village, and contains several churches, a high school,2 newspaper office, and an extensive glass factory.8 Pop. 1,700. Napanock, (p. v.,) upon the Rondout, above its junction with the Sand- burgh, contains several churches and manufactories,' and a population of about 700. Homo- wack, (p. v.,) a canal village, upon the line of Sullivan co., contains a church, glass factory, woolen factory, and 20 houses. Kerhonkson, (p. v.,) a canal village, on the line of Rochester, contains a church and 30 houses. Lackawack, (p.v.,) upon the Rondout, in the w. part, con- tains a church, an extensive tannery, and about 20 houses. Greenfield, (p.v.,) in the s. w. part, contains 2 churches, a gristmill, sawmill, tannery, and about 25 houses. Wawarsing, (p.v.,) in the N. E., contains a gristmill, sawmill, tannery, and about 25 houses. Port Benjamin, a canal village, s. of the Wawarsing, contains about 25 houses. Port Nixon, a village upon Rondout Creek and the canal, in the N. E. part, contains a church and about 25 houses. The first settlements were made about the commencement of the last century, principally by the Dutch.5 During the Revolution the inhabitants were killed, captured, or driven off by the tories and Indians.6 The first church (Ref. Prot. D.) was formed in 1745; Rev. J. Fryenmoet was the first preacher."
WOODSTOCK-was formed April 11, 1787, from the settlements of Great and Little Shandaken, which had been attached to Hurley. A part of Middletown (Delaware co.) was taken off in 1789, Windham (Greene co.) in 1798, and Shandaken in 1804. A part of Olive was taken off, and parts of Olive and Hurley were annexed, Nov. 25, 1853. It lies upon the N. border of the co., E. of the center. Its surface is mostly a mountainous upland, too rough for profitable cultivation. Several fine valleys extend through the town, separating the upland into several dis- tinct ridges and peaks. Overlook Mt., in the N. E. corner, is 3,500 ft. above tide. Near its sum- mit is Shues Lake, a beautiful sheet of clear water. The scenery in this vieinity is among the finest in Eastern N. Y. Saw Kil and Beaver Kil are the principal streams. The soil is a clay and slaty loam upon the uplands and a gravelly loam in the valleys. Woodstock, (p. v.,) in the s. E. part, contains 2 churches, a tannery, and 20 houses ; Bearsville, (p. o.,) 2 mi. w. of Wood- stock, is a hamlet; Lake Hill is a p. o., near the center. The first settlements were made just before the commencement of the Revolution.8 The first church (Luth.) was formed in 1806.9
11 About 10,000,000 ft. of lumber are sent from this town | was a stone fort on the site of B. C. Hornbeck's house. Two annually.
2 The Ellenville High School, established in 1853. It is a boarding and day school.
3 The Ellenville Glass Co., incorp. in 1836, turns ont more than $100.000 worth of demijohns, bottles, &c. annually. It employs 200 hands.
4 The Napanock Ax Factory employs about 100 men, and manufactures 150,000 axes annually. The Napanock Iron Works employs 50 or 60 men, and manufactures pig and wrought iron and R. R. car axles.
5 The first settlers were Abram Bevier, John Bevier, from New Paltz, in 1708, Egbert De Witt. Wm. Nottingham, and Andries De Witt. An inn was kept by Johannes Bevier before the Revolution. The Arst store at Wawarsing was kept by Abram Vernooy; the first gristmill was built by Cornelius Vernooy.
6 On the 12th of Aug. 1781, a large party of tories and Indians. under one Caldwell, appeared in this town. They had formed the design of falling upon Napanock, but, being informed that that place was defended by a cannon, they came to Wawarging before the inhabitants were up in the morning. At this place
men and a young woman discovered the enemy before they reached the fort, and the young woman succeeded in closing the door just in time to prevent it from being burst open by the savages. The latter, finding further attack dangerous, dispersed for burning and plundering the out settlements. Some 5 or 6 dwellings, 7 barns, and a gristmill were burned, and on the next day the enemy withidrew, laden with spoils. Several lives were lost on both sides, and much property was destroyed .- The Indians ; or Narratives of Massacres and Depre- datims on the Frontiers of Wawarsink and Vicinity, p. 21.
7 The census reports 11 churches in town; 4 M. E., 3 Ref. Prot. D., 2 R. C., Bap., and Friends.
8 Philip Bonesteel, first innkeeper settled in 1770; Edward Short, in 1776; Peter Short, in 1784; Jacobus Du Bois. Ephraim Van Kenren, Philip Sbultis. and Henry Shultis, sen., in 1788; Jno. Hntchens, In 1790; W'm. Elling, in 1786; Mathew Keip, in 1787 ; and JJacob Montrose at an early day. Robert Livingston built the first sawmill, and J. Montrose the first gristmill. These settlements were much harassed by the Indians during the war.
" There are 6 churches in town; 3 M. E., Luth., Bap., and Friends.
669
ULSTER COUNTY.
Acres of Land, Valuation, Population, Dwellings, Families, Freeholders, Schools, Live Stock, Agricultural Products, and Domestic Manufactures, of Ulster County.
ACRES OF LAND.
VALUATION OF 1858.
POPULATION.
SCHOOLS.
NAMES OF TOWNS.
Improved.
Unimproved.
Real Estate.
Personal
Property.
Total.
Males.
Females.
No. of Dwellings.
No. of Families.
Frecholders.
Districts.
Children
taught.
Denning ..
910 13,044} 18,597
76,913} 8,439
$71,195 825,450 562,979
72,635 73,800
$71,645 898.085 636,779
385 2,252 954
307 2,035 969
337
354
249
9
Hardenbergha ..
Hurley
7,268₴
9,858 16,812
3,065,707
1.250,918
4,316,625
7,152
6,822
1,829
2,773
746
15
4,838
Lloyd
12,018
6,513}
483,685
87,350
571.035
1,106
1,086
379
428
269
8
905
Marbletown
17,9461
14,787
954,530
56,700
1,011,230
1,887
1,840
620
699
639
13
1,546
Marlborough.
13,103
2.8741
368,819
58,550
427,369 680,481
1,302
1,366
426
514
255
10
981
New Paltz.
14.428
5,4974
514,881
165,600
1,009
1,012
317
326
252
6
698
Olive
14,6534
22,474
339,120
23,750
362.870
1,496
1,428
516 348
369
255
9
713
Rochester ..
18,087
25,966₺
800,611
34,488
835.099
1,768
1,707
617
641
391
13
1,301
Rosendale.
7,877
3,371
594,460
40,200
634,660
1,333
1,239 4,506
1,487
1,788
1,020
22
3,280
Shaudsken.
12,764
79,891
260,871
7,600
268,471
1,298
1,154
451
454
266
20
1,060
Shawangunk.
21,360}
8,097
742,589
77,145
819,734
1.293
1,338
478
484
316
12
1,140
Wawarsing
17,9741
46,052
871.682
:1,555
943,237
3,729
3,498
1,891 306
1,436
716
30
2,783
Woodstock.
8,828}
24,253
239,881
28,488
265,369
906
900
340
218
6
608
Total
240,639₺ 378,2022 1.13,207,298 2,482,519
15,689, S17
34,757
33,179
11,068
13,051
6,894
222
25,556
LIVE STOCK.
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS.
NAMES OF TOWNS.
Horses.
31
314
142
206
72
529
4.396₺
543 3.282
2.170 11,662
24
15,160 63.287
7:27
Gardiner.
504
818
1,665
4.449
2,948
15,452
38,820}
4,428
3,850
5,092
156,649
459
Hardenbergha ..
351
565
472
387
913
7,648
22,589
2,006
8,324 12.442
3,315
39.081
2571
Kingston
1,018
442
599
3,250
2.977
12.335}
32.296
2,851
4,460
28.752
459
Lloyd
636
554
649
582
1,783
19,709
27.358₺
3,8682
3,564
4,864
84,534
208
Marbletown.
718
1.329
1,432
1.662
2.950
23.4741
53.080
4,64 !! 3.835+
2,940
4.782
90,925
30
New Paltz ...
448
65S
995
1,991
2,056
19,809
38.215
4,419
3,759
8,070
95,7×5
659
Olive ....
437
1,304
944
1,147
1,019
11,158}
25,293}
3.727 11
7,469
308,996
84,955
3.058
Plattekill.
518
767
1.301
1.632
2.678
21,004
36.434
4,974,
8.559
10,024
119,595
90
Rochester
654
1.436
1,295
2.055
2,230
22.610
49.6182 17,772
1784
8.943
3,051
110,773
1,451}
Rosendale
317
382
534
262
969
8,252}
1.805
6,251
5.455
32.715
447
Saugerties
1,211
1.071
1,721
1,216
2,664
14,6492
41.5564
6,759
1,162%
11.253
131,857
1.605;
Shandaken.
366
1,252
810
1.578
519
2,089
17,070
3.369
8,000
10,616
53.290
2.048
Shawangunk ....
618
1,294
1,027
4.599
3,671
20,143
46,182
4,979
6,116
11,935
235,000
321
Wawarsing ...
797
2129
1,487
2.265
1,840
13.623
59.2864
6,422
20,523
11.613
152.846
230
369
Woodstock ..
334
1,181
770
1,308
1,034
8,849
16.455
2,698
5.889
3.084
54.527
190
1,291
Total.
9,893 16,808
17,332
29,841 34,025 254,7641 592.785}
64,795 134,539} 397,754 1,669,631|
520
16,446}
453
1,981
13,122
36.195₫
Tons of Hay.
Bushels of
Potatoes.
Bushels of
Apples.
Pounds
Butter.
Pounds
Cheese.
1874
Esopus.
549
628
593
Calves.
Coics.
Sheep.
Swine.
Winter.
Spring.
1.094
1,021
380
395
181
8
768
Kingston.
8,6224
15,342₴
4,190분
642,644
45,200
687.844
981
951
375
491
163
6
890
Saugerties
17,815}
14,931}
1,468,940
372,650
1,841,590
4,812
132
131
86
5
Esopus .
679
837
505
16
1,552
Gardiner ..
7,281
399,254
15,440
414.694
14
1,347
Plattekill
Working
Oren and
BUSH. OP GRAIN.
DALRY PRODUCTS.
Domestic Croths in yards.
2.7781
Marlborough.
386
684
896
739
1,821
20.300}
30.005}
12,916
18,390
110.870
of
Denning.
72,130
591
367
822
No. of
$450
a Formed since 1855.
100
Hurley
WARREN COUNTY.
N THIS county was formed from Washington, March 12, 1813, and was named in honor of Gen. Joseph Warren, of the Revolution. It lies s. and w. of Lake George, near the E. border of the State. It is centrally distant 65 miles from Albany, and contains 968 sq. mi. The surface is very broken and mountainous, less than one- SEAL half being susceptible of cultivation. The mountain ranges are continuations of the great mountain masses which culminate in Essex co. The characteristic features of Essex are somewhat soft- ened and subdued in this co. The mountains are broader, less pointed, and generally less precipitous; the valleys are wider and more connected; and there are larger expanses of comparatively level land. With all these modifications, however, a great part of the surface is wild and rugged. High, serrated ridges traverse the entire extent of the co., often rising thousands of feet above the valleys. These mountains, being principally composed of primary rocks, which strongly resist the action of the elements, have a stecpness of declivity and sharpness of outline in marked contrast with the gradual slopes and beautifully rounded summits of the highlands of the slate and limestone regions. The soil formed by the exceedingly slow process of disintegration is either washed directly into the valleys, or in the course of ages it collects in thin layers upon the hillsides, giving nutrition to a scanty vegetation. Three of the five moun- tain ranges N. of the Mohawk Valley extend through this co. The Palmertown Range enters the extreme E. part of Queensbury from Washington co. French Mt., a spur of this range, at the s. E. extremity of Lake George, rises almost precipitously from the lake and attains an eleva- tion of 2,500 to 3,000 ft. above tide. Another spur of this range forms the Luzerne Mts., which extend through the s. part of Luzerne and the E. part of Caldwell,-a N. branch extending N. and forming the whole series of high bluffs which border the w. shore of Lake George. The second or Kayaderosscras Range extends N. E. through Stony Creek, Thurman, Chester, and Ho- ricon, sending spurs both N. and s. Crane Mt., in the s. E. corner of Johnsburgh, the highest peak of this range, has an elevation of 3,000 ft. above the surrounding valleys. The third or Schroon Range occupies the central and northerly part of Johnsburgh and the N. w. angle of Chester. It consists of a great number of rocky peaks rising to a height of 2,500 to 3,000 ft. above tide; most of these have never yet been named. The rocks that compose these great mountain masscs are principally gneiss. Granite, white crystaline, limestone, and serpentine are found in considerable quantities in the form of injected veins. A belt of this limestone extends along the course of the Kayadcrosseras Mts., and from it a good quality of lime is manufactured. In the valleys and in the s. part of the co. are found layers of Potsdam sandstone, black marble of the Black River limestone strata, Trenton limestone, and Utica slate. Many of these rocks are useful for building materials; and the limestone furnishes an abundance of excellent lime. At the foot of a granite ledge upon Crane Mt. is found a bed of very pure porcelain clay, supposed to have been formed by the slow disintegration of the feldspathic rock. Graphite and magnetic iron ore have also been discovered, but not in sufficient quantities to be profitably worked.
The drainage of the co. is mostly through the Hudson River. This stream enters the co. from Essex, in two branches about 10 mi. apart, and these, after flowing through nearly parallel valleys for about 30 mi., unite in one stream. The E. branch is the outlet of Schroon Lake, and the w. forms the drainage of the Adirondack Mts.' This river has a very rapid course; and upon it are several rapids and falls, two of which are worthy of cspecial notc.2 Lake George3 is
1 The w. branch of the Hudson was called by the Indians | river flows over a shelving rock with a total descent of 50 ft. Te-o-ho-ken; the E. branch, At-a-te"ka.
The fall is broken into three channels by natural piers of black limestone standing upon the brow of tho precipico over wbich the water flows.
" The High Falls are situated just below the great easterly bend of the river in the s. w. corner of Luzerne. The water flows in a series of rapids for three-fourths of a mi. over a declining 8 Called by the Indians Can-i-a-de'ri-oit, the tail of the lake. The name "Horicon" has been applied by some modern writers to Lake George, and it is said to be an Indian word meaning "The Lake of Silver Water." However poetic and appropriate this designation may appear, or however cuphonious it may sound, it may be questioned whether a term suggested by fancy alone, and never used by the aborigines, will ever find placo rocky bottom, and is then compressed into a narrow gorge for 80 rode, at the bottom of which it shoots down a nearly perpen- dicular descent of 60 ft. The gneiss ledge over which it falls is convex in forin, and the water is broken into perfect sheets of snow-white foam. A few rods above the last leapof the water, and where it is rushing with the greatest velocity, the river is spanned by a single plank 13 ft. in length. At Glens Falls the | among the geographical names of the State as one of Indian origin. 670
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