USA > New York > Gazetteer of the State of New York: embracing a comprehensive view of the geography, geology, and general history of the State, and a complete history and description of every county, city, town, village, and locality, Part 2 > Part 63
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1 2 Bap., 2 M. E., Ref. Prot. D., Ev. Luth., and Christian.
3 Named in honor of Gov. Silas Wright.
4 Among the early settlers were Johannes Becker, - Shaffer, Frederick Dening, John Narhold, Frederick Beller. Christopher Shoefelt, and John Ililsley. Jacob Zinnner kept the first ian, John and Henry Becker the first store; Jacob Zimmer built the first gristmill, and Zimmer. Becker & Shaffer the first sawmill.
5 On the morning of July 26, 1782, a band of tories and Indians appeared in the valley of Foxes Creek, murdered several persons, took some prisoners, and attempted to dislodge the inmates of the stone house, but failed. This house is still standing.
6 2 M. E., Ev. Luth., Ref. Prot. D., and Christian.
Domestic Clothe
2,593
Middleburgh.
838
1.499
750
3.268
1.749
14,499
2,819₴
16.356
11,10$
93,970 98,580
1,883
2.853
Scholarie ..
758
1.244
1,006
2.241
1,804
77.305 62,354
3.122
11,761
15.261
Apples.
of
Districts.
taught.
Gilboa.
Jefferson ..
Middleburgh
14.207}
BUSH. OF GRAIN.
DAIRY PRODUCTS.
SCHUYLER COUNTY.
THIS county1 was formed from Steuben, Chemung, and Tompkins, LER April 17, 1854. It lies upon both sides of the s. extremity of RCANI Seneca Lake; is centrally distant 160 mi. from Albany, and con- tains 352 sq. mi. Its surface is mostly an undulating and hilly JAN 1855 upland, divided into two distinct ridges by the deep valley of Seneca Lake and its inlet. The highest summits are 600 to 1,000 ft. above Seneca Lake and 1,200 to 1,600 ft. above tide. A bluff 100 to 300 ft. high extends along the shores of the lake, too stcep for profitable culti- vation; but farther inland the hills arc bordered by long and gradual SEAL slopes and are generally arable to their very summits. The extreme s. part of the co. assumes a more hilly and broken character. Catha- rines Creek, flowing into the head of Soneca Lake, is the principal stream. Its course is through a deep, narrow, and winding valley bordered by steep hillsides 400 to 600 ft. high. Upon it are numerous falls, affording abundance of water-power; and near its mouth is a marshy region of considerable extent. Meads Creek, a tributary of Chemung River, drains the s. w. corner, and Cayuta Crcek the s. E. corner. The other streams are small creeks and brooks, mostly discharging their waters into Seneca Lake. A few streams take their rise along the N. E. border and flow into Cayuga Lake. Little and Mud Lakes, two smaller sheets of water along the w. border, discharge their waters through Mud Creek into Conhocton River. Cayuta Lake is a fine sheet of water, in the E. part of the co. Hector Falls, upon a small stream flowing into Seneca Lake from the E., is one of the finest cascades in the State. The rocks of this co. mostly belong to the Portage and Chemung groups,-the former occupying the N. and the latter the s. part of the co. In the deep valley along the shore of Sencca Lake, in the extreme N. part of the co., are found outcrops of Genesee slate. The only good building stone in the co. is the thin-bedded sandstone separating the thick beds of shale. In many places these rocks are covered deeply with drift deposits. The soil upon the highlands is clayey and gravelly, principally derived from the dis- integration of the shales ; and in many places this is underlaid by hardpan. In the valleys the soil is a gravelly loam intermixed with alluvium.
Agriculture forms the leading and almost the sole occupation of the people. Spring grains are extensively grown, and stock and wool growing and dairying are largely carried on. The climate and soil are both better adapted to pasturage than to tillage. Fruit is becoming an important article of culture, and all kinds adapted to the climate succeed well. A limited amount of manufacturing is carried on at Watkins and Havana.
In 1854, commissioners appointed to locate the co. buildings fixed upon Havana as the county seat.2 The action of the commissioners was resisted by the Board of Supervisors, and by them the county seat was located at Watkins, at the head of Seneca Lake. A courthouse was erected at each village; but subsequently the courts decided in favor of the action of the commissioners, and, April 13, 1857, an act was passed by the legislature confirming the location of the county seat at Havana. This act was confirmed by the Supreme Court, April, 1859. The Board of Super- visors soon after changed the location to Watkins, and at this place the co. offices are at present located. The buildings erected at each place for a courthouse, and for a clerk's office and jail at Havana, are fine buildings, embodying nearly all modern improvements. The buildings at Havana were erected at a cost of $30,000. No poorhouse has yet been established.
The public works in the co. are the Chemung Canal, extending from the head of Seneca Lake s. through the valley of Catharines Creek, uniting with Chemung River at Elmira; the Elmira, Jefferson & Canandaigua R. R., extending along the w. shore of Sencca Lake to Watkins ; and the Chemung R. R., extending s. from Watkins along Catharines Crcek to Elmira. These roads are both lcased to the N. Y. & E. R. R. Co.
In 1779, Sullivan's army marched through the defiles along Catharines Creck, closely pursuing the Indians, who were flying from the fatal battle of "Newtown," (now Elmira.) So great was the terror of the Indians that they neglected to defend the passes, and the American army
1 Named from Gen. Philip Schuyler.
9 These commissioners were Delos De Wolf, of Oswego, Edward Dodd, of Washington, and Virus W. Smith, of Onondaga.
39
009
610
SCHUYLER COUNTY.
marehed unmolested through the only place where successful resistance was practicable. Upon the eonelusion of peace, many of the soldiers belonging to the army returned to this region and located upon land which had been first brought to their notice during their march against the Indians. The first settlements in the eo. were made on Catharines Creek, near the present site of Havana, in 1788, and on the shores of Seneca Lake, in 1790. The town of Hector belonged to the Military Tract; the towns of Catharines, Dix, and Reading, to the Watkins and Flint Pur- eliase; and Tyrone and Orange, to the Phelps and Gorham Purchase.
Two weekly newspapers are now published in the eo.1
CATHARINES ?- was formed from "Newtown," (now Elmira, Chemung eo.,) March 15, 1798. Catlin and Veteran (Chemung eo.) were taken off in 1823. A part of Newfield (Tompkins eo.) was annexed June 4, 1853, and a part was added to Cayuta, April 17, 1854. It lies upon the s. border of the eo., E. of the center. Its surface is a hilly upland, broken by the deep valleys of the streams. Catharines Creek, along the w. border, flows in a deep ravine 300 to 700 feet below the summits of the hills. Cayuta Lake lies in the N. E. part; and its outlet, Cayuta Creek, flows s. into the Susquehanna. The soil is principally a gravelly loam mixed with clay. Havana, (p. v.,) upon Catharines Creek, on the line of Dix, 3 mi. from Seneca Lake, was incorp. May 13, 1836. It contains a courthouse, jail, elerk's office, the People's College,3 3 churches, a newspaper office, 3 flouring mills, and several manufacturing establishments.4 It is a canal village and a station upon the Chemung R. R. Pop. 1,290. Odessa, (p. v.,) near the eenter of the town, contains 2 churches, a gristmill, several sawmills, and 40 dwellings; and Catha- rines, (p. v.,) in the s. part, 2 churches and 25 dwellings. Alpine, (p. v.,) on the s. E. border, is partly in this town. The first settlement in town was made at Havana, in 1788, by Silas Wolcott and - Wilson. The first religious meeting was held at the house of Mr. P. Bowers, by a Presbyterian minister, in 1794.6
CAYUTA-was formed from Speneer, (Tioga co.,) Marel 20, 1824. Parts of Catharine and Erin (Chemung co.) were annexed in 1854. The town was transferred from Tioga to Tompkins eo. March 22, 1822. It is the s. E. corner town in the eo. Its surface is a hilly upland. Cayuta Creek flows s. E. through the town, in a narrow valley bordered by steep hillsides 300 to 600 ft. high. The soil is a elayey and gravelly loam. Cayuta (West Cayuta p. o.) contains 15 dwellings; Alpine, (p. v., ) on the N. line of the town, a flouring mill, sawmill, ehair factory, and 25 dwellings The first settlement was made in the valley of the Cayuta, near West Cayuta, in 1801, by Capt. Gabriel Ogden, Rev. David Janes, and Jos. Thomas,-the first two from Tioga co., and the last from Athens, Penn." The first religious services were held by Rev. Mr. Janes, (Bap.,) at his own house, in 1802. No churches are reported.
1 The Tinga Patriot was started at Havana in June, 1828, by |1 and 4 and all of Tps. 2 and 3 of John W. Watkins's Tract. L. B. and S. Butler, and was continued a short time. The Havana Observer was started in 1830 by F. W. Ritter, and was soon discontinued.
The Havana Republican was commenced in 1835 by Nelson Colgrove. It was issued successively by G. Barlow Nye, T. I. Taylor, and W. H. Ongly until 1849, when it was changed to
Life in The Country and Havana Republican. It was discon- tinued in 1850.
The Chemung Democrat was removed from Horseheads to Havana in 1840, and to "Jefferson" (now Watkins) in 1842. 1ts name was soon after changed to
The Democratic Citizen, and it was issued by J. I. Hendrix until 1850.
The Independent Freeman was started at Watkins, June 15, 1850, by W. B. Sławson & Co .; in 1851 it was changed to The Jefferson Eagle, and was continued a few months.
The Corona Borealis, a literary paper, was published at "Jeffer- son" about the same time.
The Havana Journal was commenced April 16, 1853, by John B. Look. and its publication is still continned.
The Watkins Republican was established in June, 1854, by S. M. Taylor. It passed into the hands of J. K. Averill, and afterward into those of M. Ells, by whom it is still published.
8 This institution was incorp. April 13, 1854, and was located at Hlavana Jan. 8, 1857. The college edifice-the erection of which has been commenced-is to be 320 by 52 feet, 4 storics high, with a basement. At either end is a wing, 206 by 52 ft., 4 stories high : and a wing will project rearward from the center, 68 by 64 ft., 3 stories high. Above the basement the walls aro to be erected of brick ; the whole at an estimated cost of $175,000. The institution is to afford instruction in some departments of mechanics aud manufactures, and students are to be paid for their services. The trustees bave resolved to establish 19 pro- fessorships.
4 2 plaster mills, 2 sawmills, a planing mill, woolen factory, iron foundery, and tannery.
6 Geo. Mills, Win. McClure, Phineas Bowers, John King, and 2 families by the name of Stevens, settled in the valley at and near Havana in 1789-90. Anthony Broderick kept the first school, in a house owned by Phineas Bowers, in 1792-93. Silas Wolcott kept the first inn, soon after his settlement, and Isaac Baldwin and George Mills the first store, in 1805. at Ilavana. Phineas Bowers erected the first grist and saw mills, at or near the village.
6 The census reports 7 churches; 2 Prot. E., 2 Presb., 2 M. F., and Bap.
7 Ilerman White, Benj. Chambers, and.Jeremiah Taylor settled in the same vicinity in 1803; Moses Brown, Langstaff Compton, and others in 1804. The first birth was that of Rosetta, daugh- The Schuyler County Democrat, commenced at Ilavana, April 25, 1955, by Averill & Baxter, was soon after discontinued. ? Nawed from Catharine Montour, a French woman who mar- ried an Indian, was adopted into the Seneca tribe, and exerted a controlling influence among the Indians. She received a small salary from the English Colonial Government, for many years, on account of her influence ainong the Indians. She resided on ter of Jonathan Thomas, in JJan. 1804; the first marriage, that of Ebenezer Edwards and Sarah Ogden, in 1804: and the first death, that of Joseph Thomas, in July, 1802. Robert Lockerby taught the first school, in a honse belonging to Elder Janes, in the winter of 1805. Capt. Gabriel Ogden kept tho first inn, at West Caynta, in 1805, and Jesse White the first store, in 1808. John White erected the first sawmill on the E. branch of the the present site of Havana, and was known as Queen Catha- ; Cayuta, in 1816, and John Eunis the first gristmill, 2 mi. below rine. This town as first formed embraced the x, part of Tps.
West Cayuta, in 1817.
611
SCHUYLER COUNTY.
DIXI-was formed from Catlin, (Chemung co.,) April 17, 1835. It lies upon the w. side of Catharines Creek, and extends from the head of Seneca Lake to the s. bounds of the eo. The surface is mostly a rolling and hilly upland, the summits being 400 to 700 ft. above the lake. It is drained by Catharines Creek and several smaller streams. The soil is principally a fine quality of gravelly loam. A little s. w. from the head of the lake is a deep glen in the hills, bor- dered by perpendicular roeks 200 ft. high. A small stream runs through it, forming a series of beautiful cascades. Watkins,? (p. v.,) upon the liue of Reading, at the head of Seneca Lake, was ineorp., as "Jefferson," April 11, 1842, and its name was changed April 8, 1852. It contains a courthouse, 5 churches, a newspaper office, and several manufacturing establishments. It is a lake, canal, and R. R. station ; a daily steamboat plies upon Seneca Lake between this place and Geneva. Pop. 1,084. Beaver Dams, (p. v.,) in the s. w. corner, contains 2 churches, several manufactories, and 28 dwellings; Townsend, (p. v.,) near the w. line, contains 1 church, several mills, and 36 dwellings; Crawford Settlement, (Moreland p.o.,) near the s. line, contains 2 churches and 26 dwellings. The first settlements were made near the head of the lake and along the valley of Catharines Creek, about the commencement of the present eentury.3 The first church edifice (Bap.) was erceted in 1833, at Townsend.“
HECTOR-was formed from Ovid, (Seneca co.,) March 30, 1802. It is the s. w. eorner township of the Military Tract and the N. E. corner town of the eo. Its surface is a rolling upland, its highest summits being 500 to 700 ft. above Seneca Lake. The bluffs bordering upon the lake are 100 to 300 ft. high, and nearly perpendicular. It is drained by a large number of small ereeks flowing into Seneca and Cayuga Lakes. Heetor Falls, upon a small ereek in the s. w. part of the town, is a caseade made by the stream flowing down the bluff which borders upon the lake. The soil is a elay, sandy, and gravelly loam, in some places underlaid by hard- pan. Perry City, (p.v.,) upon the E. line of the town, contains a Friends' meeting house and 120 inhabitants ; Mecklenburgh, (p. v., ) situated 2 mi. s. w. of Perry City, contains 3 churches, 2 sawmills, a flouring mill, and 338 inhabitants; Reynoldsville, (p. v.,) near the center of the town, contains a church and 117 inhabitants ; Bennetsburgh, (p. v., ) in the s. part, contains a church, 4 saw and shingle mills, 1 gristmill, tannery, and 25 dwellings ; Burdett, (p. v.,) in the s. w. part, contains 3 churches, a woolen factory, agricultural implement factory, iron foundery, gristwill, sawmill, tannery, and 360 inhabitants; Peach Orchard, (Hector p. o., ) iu the N. w. part, contains 3 churches and 34 dwellings; Polkville, (p. v., ) in the N. w. part, contains a church and 16 dwellings ; Searsburgh (p. o.) contains 2 churches and 10 dwellings. North Hector and Cayutaville are p. offices; and Steamburgh is a hamlet. John Livingston and Wm. Wiekham settled in 1791, in the N. w. part of the town, on the bank of the lake.6 The first ehureh (Presb.) was formed by Rev. Mr. Stewart, at Peach Orehard, in 1809.6
ORANGE-was formed from Wayne, (Steuben eo., ) Feb. 12, 1813, as "Jersey." Its name was changed Feb. 20, 1836. A part of Hornby (Steuben co.) was annexed April 11, 1842, and a part of Bradford, (Steuben co.,) April 17, 1854. It is the s. w. corner town in the co., and is bounded on the E. by the pre-emption line. Its surface is a rolling and hilly upland, broken by the deep and irregular valleys of the streams. Meads Creek, flowing s. w., forms the principal drainage. The soil is ehicfly a gravelly loam. Monterey (Orange p. o.) contains 3 churches, a gristmill, and 301 inhabitants. Sugar Hill is a p. o. in the N. E. part. The first settlements were made in 1799, by Abraham Rozenback and Samuel Scomp, N. E. of Monterey." The first church (M. E.) was formed by Rev. Peregrine Hallett, the first preacher.8
1 Named from Ex-Senator John A. Dix.
2 Named from Dr. Samuel Watkins, an early settler in the village.
3 Geo. Mills was among the first settlers in town. and is still living there, at the age of 95 years. Judge John Dowe, David Culver, and John and Wm. Watkins were also among the early settlers. The first settlers at the village of Townsend were Claudius Townsend, Consider B. Evens. Jonas Blower, and Dods Benson, in 1823; Ebenezer Perry was the first settler at. Beaver Dams. At this place 2 dams were Imilt across Port Creek by beavers; one of the dams still remains. A swamp, formed by the lower dam, is an alluvial deposit 400 ft. deep, from which lime is made.
4 The census reports 10 churches ; 3 Bap., 3 M. E., 2 Presb., Prot. E., and Univ.
6 Renben Smith and his sons Reuben, .Jabez, Sam'l, Harvey, Caleb. and Chauncey W., from Cauaan. Conn., settled on Mili- tary Lots 20 and 21, in 1794; Richard Ely and Grover Smith, a little N. of Peach Orchard, and Daniel Everts, s. of the same place, in 1795,-all from Salisbury. Coun. The first child born was Polly Everts; the first marriage, that of Stephen Pratt and | M. E.
Betsey Livingston; and the first death, that of Wm. Wickham. The first school was taught at Peach Orchard, by John Living- ston. Win. Wickham kept the first inn, near Peach Orchard, and John B. Seeley the first store, at Hector Falls. The first gristmill and carding machine were put iu operatiou at the same place, by Sam'I B. Seeley.
6 The census reports 20 churches in town : 7 M. E., 3 Presh., 3 Bap., 2 Wes. Meth., 2 Friends, O. S. Bap., Prot. E., and Chris. Cong.
7 Henry Switzer. from N. J., settled on Switzer Hill, in 1802, and D. Hewitt, from Rensselaer co., N. Y .. was the first settler at Monterey. in 1811. Aber and Thos. Hurd. and Brigham Young, the Mormon leader, were early settlers in the N. E. part of the town. --- Chapman. Wm. Wilkins, Win. De Witt, Andrew Foot. Danl. Curtiss, and Jedediah Miller settled on Meads Creek in 1811. Elsie Switzer was the first child born. The first school was tanght by Dan'I MeDougall, in 1819, near Monterey. Thos. IInrd kept the first inn. in 1816, at Monterey, and Walter Hurd the first store, s. w. of the same place.
8 The census reports 4 churches in town; 2 Bap., Presb., and
612
SCHUYLER COUNTY.
READING-was formed from "Frederickstown," (now Wayne, Steuben co.,) Feb. 17, 1806. It lies upon the w. bank of Seneca Lake, and is the central town upon the N. border of the co. Its surface is a rolling upland 400 to 500 ft. above the lake. The bluffs upon the shore are very steep and in many places precipitous. Its streams are small brooks and creeks. The soil is inostly a clay loam. Reading Center (p. v.) contains 2 churches and 24 dwellings; Ire- landville (Reading p. o.) contains 11 dwellings. North Reading is a p. o. The Elmira, Jefferson & Canandaigua R. R. traverses the town upon the w. shore of the lake. A settlement was made at Reading Center, by Judge John Dow, from Conn., iu 1790.1 The first church (Bap.) was formed by Elder John Goff, in 1810, at Reading Center.2
TYRONE-was formed from Wayne, (Steuben eo.,) April 16, 1822. It is the N. w. corner town in the eo. Its surface is an elevated upland divided into several ridges by the valleys of streams. Its principal stream is Mud Creek, flowing s. w. Little Lake, upon the w. border, is 3 mi. long and about 1 wide; and Mud Lake, in the s. w. corner, is 1} mi. long and about one-half mi. wide. These lakes lie in deep valleys, and are bordered by nearly precipitous hills which rise 300 to 400 ft. above them. The soil is a elay loam. Tyrone, (p. v.,) a little E. of Mud Lake, contains 2 churches, 1 gristmill, 2 sawmills, 2 tanneries, several manufactories, and 160 inhabit- ants; Weston, (p. v.,) 2 mi. N. w. of Tyrone, contains 2 churches and 177 inhabitants ; Altay, (p. v.,) a little E. of the center, contains a church, tannery, 2 sawmills, a steam flouring mill, and 144 inhabitants ; Pine Grove (p.o.) contains a church and 6 houses. The first settlement was made in 1800, by Gen. Wm. Kernan, on a tract of 4,000 acres, purchased by Thos. O'Conner.3 The first church edifiee (Union) was erected by the Presb. and Bap .; Rev. Joseph Crawford (Presb.) and Rev. Van Reusselaer Wall (Bap.) were the first preachers.4
Acres of Land, Valuation, Population, Dwellings, Families, Freeholders, Schools, Live Stock, Agricultural Products, and Domestic Manufactures, of Schuyler County.
ACRES OF LAND.
VALUATION OF 1858.
POPULATION.
SCHOOLS.
NAMES OF TOWNS.
Improved.
Unimproved.
Real Estate.
Personal
Property.
Total.
Males.
Females.
No. of Dicellings.
No. of Families.
Freeholders.
No. of
Children
taught.
Catharines
18,160 4,875 15,269
11,598 7,168₺ 7,3264
$833,291 74,836 558,503 1,520,513 434,542 425,073
82,600 47.444 27,750 35,850
$990,391 78,676 598,268 1,603,113 481,986 452,823 602,405
1,447 2,801 1,256 736
1,756 294 1,437 2,828 1,227
1,090
1,102
988
38
2,126
Orange ..
20,3284 12,882}
3,720}
716
266
277
237
16
850
Total.
134,3364
62,9994
4,413,313
394,349
4,807,662
9,408
9,369
3,582
3,577
2,946
112
7,118
LIVE STOCK.
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS.
NAMES OF TOWNS.
.
Horses.
Working
Oren and
Calres.
Cotos.
Sheep.
Swine.
Winter.
Spring.
Tons of Hay.
Bushels of
Potatoes.
Bushels of
Apples.
Pounds
Butter.
Pounds
Cheese.
in yards.
Catharines.
755 176
1,582 493
1,081
6,216 1,399
303
1,321}
90,038 20,6064 86,7514
2,737 8561
11,954 2.450
21,358
97,110 35,085 89,611
8,415 1,880
716 897
Dix
661
938
6.547 15,495 6,213
3,562 35,0774263,492
5,712}
22,829
57,818
258,227
8,988
3,493
Orange
768
1,800
1,168
1,191
8,007
95,752
3.075
20,460
9,670
119,185
2,363
Reading
580
1,052
702
6,261
834
7,1:29
62,722₺
1,301}
9,084
12,374
74,087
3,932
2,678} 358₺
Tyrone.
712j
1,265
1.069
6,787
1,493
11.317
77,475}
1,973
1,528
22.581
125,648
3,179
1.3042
Total.
5,700 11,328
7,676.48,918
9.451 86,599₺ 696,838
117,9964
81,106 143,229
798,953
32,168
11.3464
1 David Culver settled near Reading Center, in 1806, and Alex- [ Charles O'Conner, the eminent New York lawyer. Abraham ander Ilinton, near Watkins, in 1802. The first marriage was that of Elisha Culver and Susan Diving; aud the first birth, that of Minor Culver. The first school was taught by Ira Parker, at the Center. David Culver kept the first inn, N. of the Center, and David Culver, jr., the first store, at the same place. Eliadia Parker erected the first sawmill.
2 The census reports 3 churches; Bap., M. E., and R. C.
3 Mr. O'Conner was among the early settlers, and resided for s time in a log house on the sbore of Little Lake. He was ac- companied by a son and daughter,-the former of whom is Hon.
Fleet, sr., from N. J., and Capt. John Seabring, were among the first settlers near Tyrone Village, in 1800; Thaddeus, Gersham, and Abrahamu Bennett settled about 1801. Simon Fleet was tho first child born in town. The first school was taught at Tyrone Village, by Hugh Jamieson ; the first inn was kept by Capt. Wil- liams, and the first store by Thos. O'Conner, near the N. w. corner of the town. The first mill and factory were erected at Tyrone Village by Ralph Opdyke.
4 The census reports 7 churches ; 3 Bap., 2 Presb., and 2 M. E.
421
18
1,390 208
Dix
45,904₫
15,851 11,304}
4S3
483
374
17
885
Reading
16,917
6,023}
566,555
$157,100 3,840 39,765
1,761
669
593 119
130
3
Cayuta.
324
118
545
574
454
13
1,176
Domestic Cloths,
Cayuta ..
7,329
12,099
3,381
1.898₺
Hector.
2,048
1,624 3,512
325
2,393
1,019, 11.617₺
2.340₴
12,771
409
429
342
483
Tyrone ..
1,083
1,111
DAIRY PRODUCTS.
BUSH. OF GRAIN.
1,049 12,130
Districta.
Hector.
£
SENECA COUNTY.
THIS county was formed from Cayuga, March 29, 1804. A part of Tompkins was taken off in 1817, and a part of Wayne in 1823. It lies w. of the center of the State, centrally distant 150 mi. from Albany, and contains 420 sq. mi. It occupies the greater part of the land which lies between Seneca and Cayuga Lakes, and extends SEAL several mi. N. of Seneca Lake Outlet. A high ridge enters the co. from Tompkins and occupies nearly one-fourth of its surface. The summit of the extreme s. portion of this ridge in this co. is 700 to 800 feet above Seneca Lake and 1,100 to 1,250 feet above tide. Toward the N. it gradually declines to the level of Seneca Lake. The ridge is bordered in some places by steep declivities and in others by gradual slopes, and in the s. part of the eo. generally terminates in high bluffs on the shores of the lakes. At the foot of Seneca Lake the bluffs, on an average, arc about 20 feet high ; but toward the s. they gradually rise to an elevation of 100 to 150 feet. At the foot of Cayuga Lake the shore is low and shelving ; but in Romulus a bluff shore commences, which gradually increases in height until on the s. border of the co. it attains an elevation of 150 to 200 feet. From the summits of the bluffs to the eentral summit of the ridge the land generally rises in beautiful, smooth, gradual slopes, broken in a few places by sharp declivities of a terrace-like forma- tion. From Ovid toward the N. the land abruptly descends about 200 feet, and then by gradual slopes to the level of Seneca River. The region immediately N. of Seneca Lake Outlet and w. of the Cayuga Lake Outlet is level, and some of it is marshy. In the N. w. corner of the co. is a great number of alluvial ridges, composed principally of gravel. These ridges extend in a N. and s. direction and are 30 to 50 feet high. Their declivities are generally very abrupt toward the N., E., and w., but more gradual toward the s.
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