USA > New York > Gazetteer of the State of New York: embracing a comprehensive view of the geography, geology, and general history of the State, and a complete history and description of every county, city, town, village, and locality, Part 2 > Part 50
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8 Formerly " Union Village P. O."
º Formerly " Brainards Bridge P. O." Transylvanla Institute was established here in 1837.
10 Among the carly settlers were Thos. Ilicks, Henry Post, John McCagg, Danl. Litz, Titus flemsted, Abrani Holmes, Jas. Marks, John M. Schermerhorn, Maj. A. Brush, Reuben Bateman, Nath'l |
Primmer is said to have been the first child born. The first gristmill was built on the outlet of Tsatsawassa Pond, by Mr. Schermerhorn, before the Revolution. The first inn was kept by ---- Hicks before, and the first store hy Hoag & Vail a little after, the Revolution.
11 They called their village On-ti-ke-bo-mawck; and their chief was named Kesh-o-mawck.
12 This pond was called by the early settlers the "Beaver Dam." 18 The former of these deeds is still preserved.
1+ 2 M. E., 2 Presh., Bap., Ref. Prot. D., and Union.
16 Named from a mineral spring in the vicinity. It was laid ont as a village by the Patroon toward the close of the last century. In 1800 the traveller Maude. in his " Visit to Niagara," says that it is likely to soon surpass Troy and Lansingburgh iu trade, and Ballston and Saratoga as a watering place.
16 Sometimes called "Blooming Grove." The first settler was Martiuus Sharp.
17 Among the early settlers were Jobn Cranel, Juriah Sharpe, Roinier Van Alstyne, Marte, David, and Philip Defriest, Philip Wendell, Rutger Vandenburgh, Cornelius Van Buren, John Fonda, Ed. Hogg, and Lawrence Rysdorf.
18 2 Ref. Prot. D., Free Dutch.
19 Named from Peter Simmons, one of the first settlers.
558
RENSSELAER COUNTY.
selaer Mills," contains 40 houses, and Petersburgh Four Corners (p. v.) 12. The first settlers were Dutch, who came in about 1750, as tenants under Van Rensselacr.1 A few years later, many families came in from Rhode Island. The eensus reports 3 churehes.2
PITTSTOWN-was erected as a township by patent, July 23, 1761, and was formed as a town, March 7, 1788. Its boundary was changed Feb. 14, 1793. It lies in the center of the N. part of the eo. Its surface is mountainous in the s. and E. and declines into a moderately hilly region in the N. The highest summits, in the s. E., are 800 to 1,000 feet above tide. The soil is principally a gravelly and slaty loam. Flax is extensively cultivated, and there are several manufactories in town.‘ Johnsonville (p. v.) contains 35 houses, Tomhannock (p. v.) 40, Raymertown (p. v.) 27, Pittstown Corners (Pittstown p. o.) 22, Boynton 20, Pittstown Station (Valley Falls p. o.) 16, North Pittstown 20, and Cooksborough (Haynerville p. o.) 10. Shermans Mills is a hamlet. Settlement was commenced about 1650.5 The first church (Bap.) was formed in 1784; Elder Isaac Webb was the first preacher.6
POESTENKILL'-named from its principal stream-was formed from Sand Lake, March 2, 1848. It lies near the center of the co., upon the western deelivities of the Petersburgh Mts. The eentral and E. portions are rugged, rocky, and mountainous, and the soil is eold, sterile, and unpro- duetive. The w. part is hilly, with a gravelly loam well adapted to pasturage. Snake IIill, near the center, is one of the principal elevations. Upon the Poesten Kil is a fall of about 80 feet. One mi. w. of the falls is a medicinal spring, with a local celebrity for the eure of eruptions and eutaneous diseases.8 Poestenkill (p.v.) contains 300 inhabitants, East Poestenkill (p.o.) 10 houses, and Barberville 16. A union academy was formed in this town in 1854, but it is not under the regents. The census reports 4 churches.9
SAND LAKE-was formed from Greenbush and Berlin, June 19, 1812. A part of Greenbush was taken off in 1843, and Poestenkill in 1848. It lies a little s. of the center of the co. Its sur- face is mountainous in the E. and hilly in the w. Perigo Hill, in the N. E. corner, is 900 feet above tide, and Oak Ifill, near the center, is but little less in height. The E. part of the town is mostly covered with forest.10 Wynants Kil, flowing N. w. through the center, and Tsatsawassa Creek, in the E., are the principal streams. Along the valleys of these streams are several fine lakes, the principal of which are Sand, Glass, and Crooked Lakes, and Big Bowmans Pond. The soil among the mountains is a hard, sterile clay, but in the w. it is a good quality of gravelly loam. Three- fourths of a mi. E. of W. Sand Lake is a chalybeate spring. Large quantities of eord wood, charcoal, and tan bark are carried to the Troy and Albany markets. Sand Lake (p. v.) con- tains the Sand Lake Academy, a boarding school,11 foundery, cotton warp factory, knitting mill, and 300 inhabitants. West Sand Lake12 (p. v.) contains 300 inhabitants, Sliters Cor- ners 106, and Glass House 200,13 South Sand Lake is a p. o. Settlement commeneed before the Revolution.14 The eensus reports 7 churches in town.15
SCHAGHTICOKE16-was formed as a district, March 24, 1772, and as a town, March 7, 1788. Pittstown was taken off, Mareh 7, 1788, and a part of Lansingburgh in 1819. It lies on the Hudson, in the N. w. corner of the co. The surface is principally a rolling upland, about 200 feet above the river. The summits of the hills in the s. are 800 feet above tide. Hoosiek River,
1 Among the carly settlers were Wm. Prendergast, John Brimmer, Jacob and Godfrey Brimmer, John Spencer, Hans and Peter Bachus, Johannes Ruyter, Henry Litcher, Hans Lautman, Barent Hogg, Jacoh Best, Petrus Vosburg, Bastian Deel, Frans. Burn, Juriah Kreiger, Henry Young, Schoolmaster Watson, and Long Andries. John Spencer huilt a log gristmill before the Revolution, at S. Petersburgb; and Barber & Murray built a carding mill about 1800. Several of the settlers were killed or taken prisoners during the French War,-probably by the same party that destroyed the Iloosick settlements In 1754.
2 2 M. E., Seventh Day Bap.
8 The census of 1855 reports that, in 1854, more than 250,000 lbs. of flax and 7000 bush. of flaxseed were raised, and that there were 13 flax mills in town.
4 There are two manufactories of cotton bags at Shermans Mills, a paper mill at Valley Falls, and manufactories of cordage and axes at Johnsonville.
6 W'm. Prendergast, Stephen Hunt, and Edmund Aiken were among the first settlers near Johnsonville; Ludovicus Viele at Valley Falls, in 1772; and Christian Fisher and Michael Vander- cook at Cooksborough. In 1770, Wm. Shepard (from New England) settled on 500 acres: in 1778-80, Benj. Aiken (from Dutchess co.) on 950 acres : and in 1785, Alex. Thompson, on 500 acres. Wm. Hammond kept a school at N. Pittstown In 1785, and Rebecca Thompson at Shermans Mills In 1789.
6 The census reports 15 churches; 6 M. E., 3 Presb., 2 Christian, Bap., Ev. Luth., Friends, Union. 7 Pronounced " Poos-ten-kill." It is a Dutch word, signifying "puffing or foaming creek."
8 A bathing establishment erected here was swept away by a freshet. 9 Bap., F. W. Bap., Disciple, and Ev. Luth. 10 This town is a favorite resort of hunting and fishing parties. 11 The Sand Lake Collegiate Institute was established in 1855 by Wm. II. Schram.
12 Formerly called "Ulinesville," from Bernard Uline, who built the first house. His son, of the same name, was first innkeeper. 18 This village was formerly the seat of an extensive glass fac- tory, and was called " Rensselaer Village." The company was organized in 1805, incorp. in 1806, and discontinued in 1852. In 1813 100 men were employed by the co.
14 Among the early settlers were Ahram Frere, Nicholas Fel- lows, Andreas Barent, Fred. Shaver, Abram Bristol, Eph. Quinby, John Carmichael, Andreas Weatherwax, and Stephen Miller. Joshua Lock wood and Wm. Carpenter built the first grist mill in 1768, at W. Sand Lake.
16 2 M. E., 2 Ev. Luth., Ger. Meth., Bap., Presb.
16 Pron. "Skat-i-kook." In old documents it is variously spelled "Schetekoke," "Schactekoke," "Scabwahook," and " Schagcogue." It is said to be an Algonquin word, signifying " landslide." The Stockbridge Indians called it " Pab-ha-koke."
559
RENSSELAER COUNTY.
flowing through the N. part, is bordered on a portion of its course by stccp banks 200 feet high. On this stream, at the mouth of Tomhannock Creek, is a beautiful circular valley, three-fourths of a mi. in circumference, and bounded on nearly every side by steep hills.1 The soil is generally a fertile, sandy or gravelly loam. Considerable manufacturing is carried on in town.2 Schaghti- coke Point (Schaghticoke p.o.) contains a pop. of 1148. Schaghticoke Hlill contains 25 houses, The Borough 8, Junction (p. v.) 17, and Old Schaghticoke 6. About 1670, Gov. Andros settled a remnant of the Pequots and other Eastern tribes, under the name of "Schaghticokes," in this town, on land given them by the Mohawks, as a barrier against the Northern Indians.3 By the charter of 1686 the city of Albany was allowed to purchase of the natives 500 acres of land in this town; but, neglecting to do so, Hendrick Van Rensselaer obtaincd the same privilege in 1698. He sold his right to the city the next year, and in 1707 an Indian deed was obtained for a tract 6 mi. square, mostly within the limits of this town. In Oct. 1709, the city conveyed the land to actual settlers." The early settlements suffered greatly from Indian hostilities. A fort was built in 1746 at Old Schaghticoke and garrisoned by 2 companics of soldiers. The whole settlement was abandoned on the approach of Burgoyne; but, through the influence of the royalists, the place was not burned, though held for some time by the British and IIcssian outposts.5 The Schaghticoke Seminary was incorp. May 4, 1836. The first church (Ref. Prot. D.) was formed in 1714.6
SCHIODACK-was formed March 17, 1795, at the time of the division of "Rensselaerwyck;"8 parts of Berlin and Nassau were taken off in 1806. It lies upon the Hudson, in the s. w. corner of the co. From the river the surface rises in a series of bluffs 200 feet high, from the summits of which it spreads out into an undulating upland inclined toward the w. Bunker Hill, the highest point, is about 500 feet above tide. The surface is intersected by numerous deep gulleys of small streams. The principal streams are Vierdee Kil,9 Moordcners Kil,10 Vlockie Kil, Muitzes (Mitch-es) Kil, and Valatie (Vola-she) Kil.11 The soil in the E. is clay, and in the w. a fertile, sandy and gravelly loam. Castleton12 (p. v.) is a fine village upon the Hudson. Pop. 431. Schodack Landing (p. v.) contains 250 inhabitants, Muitzes Kill 20 houses, Schodack Depot (p. v.) 18, East Schodack (p. v.) 15, and Bunker Hill 9. Schodack Center and South Schodack are p. offices. This vicinity seems to have been thickly inhabited by native tribes at the time of Hudson's visit in 1609.13 The first settlements were made by tenants under Van Rensselaer. Over 40 settlers are mentioned in Bleeker's survey of 1767.14 The census reports 7 churches.15
STEPHENTOWN16 __ was formed from "Rensselaerwyck," March 29, 1784. Petersburghi was taken off in 1791, and parts of Berlin and Nassau in 1806. It lics in the s. E. corner of the co. Its surface consists of 2 rocky mountain ranges separated by the valley of Kinderhook Creck. The highest summits are about 1800 feet above tide. The principal peaks are Round Mt., and Whitney and Butternut Hills, E. of the valley, and Brockway Hill and Webster Mt. w. A con-
1 A small stream called the Dwaas Kil (stream running both ways) flows from the Hudson into the mouth of the Hoosick. When Hoosick River suddenly rises, the current of this stream is often changed ; and it is not uncommon to see it running N. iu the morning and s. at night .- Fitch's Ag. Surv. Wash. Co., 1849, p. 939.
? The manufactures consist of cotton and linen goods, flax, powder, plaster, and agricultural implements.
8 A portion of these removed to Kent, Conn., in 1728, and the remainder, numbering 400, joined the French in Canada.
4 These were Johan de Wandelaer, Jr., John Ileermans Vischer, Corset Voeder, Daniel Kittlehuyn, Johan Knickerbacker, Louis Viele, and Derick Van Veghten, who went there to reside, and were joined soon after hy Martin de Lamont, Wouter Quacken- bosch, Peter Yates, David Schuyler, Wouter Groesbeck, Philip Livingston, Ignace Kip. Cornelius Vandenberg, and many others, whose descendants still reside in the vicinity.
5 Col. John Knickerhacker, of this town, raised a regiment during the Revolution.
6 A new church was built in 1760, and Rev. Elias Bunschooten was installed pastor. This quaint edifice was 60 by 40 feet, with low side walls and a high pitched mansard roof and turret, sur- mounted by a weathercock over the southern gahle. There was no burial ground attached, aud the oldest is that of the Knicker- European burial occurred in 1715. A few rode 8. E. of this spot is the "Wittenageniote," or "Council Tree," a remarkably vigorous and symmetrical oak, more than 15 feet in circum- ference. The census reports 8 churches; 2 Ev. Luth., 3 M. E., I Presb., 1 Ref. Prot. D .. and 1 R. C.
7 Sometimes written "Shodac" or "Schoddack."
8 A confirmatory act of incorporation was passed March 17, 1795.
9 " Fourth Creek," reckoned from Albany.
10 " Murderers Kil," from an obstinate battle fought between the settlers and a hand of robbers at an early day, (traditional.) 11 "Little Fall Creek." Another small creek in town is named Adanıs Killetye, (Little Creek,) from Adam Moll, who was taken prisoner by the Indians while drinking of its waters.
12 Named from an ancient Indian castle on the adjacent hills It was first settled in 1792, and incorp. April 13, 1827. Formerly called " Morriches Hastie."
18 " On the evening of the 15th he arrived opposite the moun tains which lie from the river side, where he found 'a very loving people and very old men,' and the day following reached the spot hereafter to be honored by his own illustrious name. One day more wafts him up between Schodac and Castleton ; and here he landed and passed a day with the natives, greeted with all sorts of barbarous hospitality ; the land ' the finest for culti- vation he ever set foot on ;' the natives so kind and gentle that when they found he would not remain with them over night, and feared that he left them-poor children of nature !- because he was afraid of their weapons, -- he, whose quarterdeck was heavy with ordnance !- they ' broke their arrows in pieces and threw them in the fire.'"-Everett's Address, Inauguration Dud- ley Observatory, p. 54.
14 Among the names of the early settlers are Van Buren, Bar- backer family, on the site of an Indian cemetery. The first hudt, Van Valkenburgh, Springsteen, Schermerhorn, Janze,
Ketel, Poel, Miller, Schevers, Lodwick, Huyck, Beekman, Mills, Molls, Salsberg, Witbeck, and Nolton. The first mill was built before the Revolution, below Castleton. - Barbydt kept the first inn, in 1778. A carding mill was erected on Muitzes Kil in 1800.
15 3 Ref. Prot. D., 2 M. E., Bap., and Ev. Luth.
16 Named from Stephen Van Rensselaer.
560
RENSSELAER COUNTY.
siderable portion of the town is covered with forest. The principal streams are Kinderhook and East Creeks, Black River, and Black and Roaring Brooks. The soil is hard and sterile among the mountains, but a gravelly loam in the valleys. Stephentown (p. v.) contains 15 houses. Stephentown Flats contains a cotton wadding and batting factory, a machine shop, and about 20 houses. North Stephentown, South Stephentown, and West Ste- phentown are p. offices. Settlement was commeneed here in 1766.1 The first church (Bap.) formed in 1782, under Rev. Justus Hall. Rev. Robt. Miles was the first pastor .?
TROY CITY-was formed as a town from " Rensselaer- RP wyck," March 18, 1791. Brunswick, and parts of Grafton and CA Lansingburgh, were taken off March 20, 1807, and a part of Greenbush in 1836. A part of Brunswick was annexed in 1814. The first village charter was passed in 1791;3 and another C Feb. 16, 1798. The village was formally incorp. by aets passed April 2, 1801, and April 9, 1805. The eity charter was granted April 12, 1816. A portion of Lansingburgh was annexed May 4, 1836. It lies upon the IIudson, near the center of the FIRO w. border of the co. Its surface comprises the alluvial flat, three-fourths of a mile wide, upon the river, and the high bluffs which border it on the E. The high land immediately E. of the city is known as Mt. Ida, and that on the N. E. as Mt. Olympus. Mt. Ida is principally clay, and has been the scene of several destructive landslides. Poesten Kil and Wynants Kil both break through these hills in narrow ravines and in a series of cascades, forming an excellent water power.
The first religious meetings were held in a store, and afterward in a schoolhouse, about 1785. The first framed house of worship was erected in 1791, now the First Presb. Church ; Rev. Jonas Coe, of Lansingburgh, was the first pastor. There are now 33 churches in the city.4
The Public Schools are under the charge of 20 commissioners, elected for two years.5 In 1857 the city was divided into 25 school districts, and employed 76 teachers,-14 males and 62 females. The number of children, between 4 and 21, was 11,200, of which 7228, or 63 per eent., attended the publie schools during some portion of the year.6
The Troy Academy, incorp. May 5, 1834, and received under the regents Feb. 5, 1839, is located near the center of the city.
The Troy Female Seminary,1 situated on Second Street, between Congress and Ferry Sts., was first established at Middlebury, Vt., in 1813, removed to Waterford in 1819, and to Troy in 1821. It was incorp. May 6, 1837, and received under the regents Jan. 30, 1838. It has gained a national reputation under the charge of Mrs. Emma Willard.
The Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute,8 endowed by Stephen Van Rensselaer, is situated near the head of State St. It was organized in 1824. It was formed for the purpose of teaching the application of mathematics to civil engineering and the natural sciences. It numbers 14 pro- fessors and has about 100 students. Next to West Point, this institute has the best reputation, in its special departments, of any school in America.
The Troy Lyceum of Natural History was incorp. March 7, 1820. Its cabinet and library are kept in the Troy University.
The Troy University? is located upon Mt. Ida, a beautiful situation, overlooking the eity and valley. It is under the charge of the M. E. denomination, and was opened in 1859.
St. Peter's College10 is under the charge of the R. C. denomination, and is not yet fully organized.
1 Asa Douglas, his son Wm., and his grandson Benj., Nathan Rose, Elnathan Sweet, and Joseph Rogers, settled near the center of the town, Joshua Gardiner in the E. part, Edward Carr near Kinderhook Creek, John Mills, - Husted, - Lewis. - Berry, and others, toward the N. part. The first inhabitants were chiefly from Rhode Island. Win., grandson of Asa Douglas, was the first child born in town ; and he married the first white female born in town. Hon. Stepheu A. Douglas is a descendant of the first settler of this town.
2 The census reports 5 churches; 2 F. W. Bap., Bap., Christ. Cong., and Presb.
3 The first trustees named in the act of incorp. were Jacoh D. Vanderheyden, Benj. Covill, Authony Goodspeed, John Pease, Ephraim Morgan, Chris. Huttou, and Saint. Gale.
" Of these there are 7 M. E., 5 Presb., 4 Prot. E., 3 Bap., 3 R. C., 2 Wes. Metli., 2 Asso. Presb., Ger. Mission, Unit., Univ., Cong., Friends, Disciples, und Jews.
6 A Lancasterian school was established here at an early period, and continued until superseded by a special school system. The present school law was passed April 4, 1849.
" The total receipts and expenditures for 1857 were $38,074 35.
7 More than 7000 pupils have been educated here, a large number of whom have becomo teachers. See p. 742.
8 Rev. Saml. Blatchford was its first President, and Amos Eaton its first senior prof., under whom the school obtained a high and merited reputation.
" The grounds of this institution cover 36 acres. The main building is in the Byzantine style of architecture, and is 259 feet long on au average 58 feet broad, and 4 stories high. Sce p. 741. Ic The college building, in process of erection, was destroyed by a landslide, March 17, 1859, and is being rebuilt on Mt. St. Vinceut.
VIEW OF TROY,
561
RENSSELAER COUNTY.
St. Joseph Academy, under the charge of the R. C., was founded, in 1842, as a frce school. In 1852 it was enlarged, and a boarding house was annexed.
The Troy Hospital, a charitable institution, was incorp. March 1, 1851. It was founded chiefly through the exertions of Rev. P. Havermans, and is supported by the R. C. denomination. The nurses belong to the Sisters of Charity.
Marshall Infirmary was incorp. in 1851. It was founded by Benjamin Marshall. The building and grounds cost $35,000; which sum was donated by its founder.
Troy Orphan Asylum, incorp. April 10, 1835, is situated on Grand Division between 7th and 8th Streets. The building is of brick, and has about 100 inmates. The Asylum is supported by donations and State appropriations; and children are received between the ages of 3 and 9, and dismissed at 10 if an opportunity offers. At this age they are indentured to farmers until the age of 17. During the first 22 years over 500 had been dismissed; and most of them have since filled respectable stations in life. A school is maintained regularly in the Asylum.
St. Marys Orphan Asylum is an institution connected with St. Marys Church, (R. C.) The male department is under the charge of the "The Brothers of the Christian Schools," and the female, of " The Sisters of Charity."
The Warren Free Institute, a school for indigent female children, was incorp. March 19, 1846. It was founded and endowed by the Warren family. A free church, (Prot. E. Church of the Holy Cross,) for the pupils and their parents, is connected with the Institute.
The Troy Water Works were built by the city in 1833-34, and they have been subsequently ex- tended. The water is drawn from Piscawin Creek, and the reservoir is sufficiently high to throw the water to the top of most of the houses. The works are under the charge of water commissioners, and the rents are charged to property owners and collected with the taxes.
The city is 150 miles from New York, with which it is connected by R. R., and, in the season of navigation, by lines of steamers. Its commerce is extensive, and it has a large trade with the region N. and E. The Union R. R. Co. have erected a magnificent depot in the central part of the city for the accommodation of the various lines of roads that center here.1
The manufactures of Troy are extensive and various.2 Wynants Kil, on the s., furnishes 12 mill sites, with an aggregate of 2000 horse power; Poesten Kil, on the N., has 10 sites, equivalent to 1000 horse power, and the dam across the lludson furnishes 4000 horse power. Besides these there is an immense amount of steam power in use.
In 1720, Derick Vanderheyden3 acquired from Van Rensselaer the title to 490 acres of land, now included in Troy, at an annual rent of 32 bush. of wheat and 4 fat fowls." The tract was occupied as a farm until about 1786, when a company of New Englanders induced the owners to lay it out as a town. It was surveyed between 1786 and '90, and was variously known as " Ferry Hook," " Vanderheydens Ferry," and "Ashleys Ferry." In the spring of 1789 the place contained 5 small stores and about a dozen dwellings. The namc, Troy, was adopted at a meeting of the freeholders, Jan. 5, 1789. The first settlers came in soon after the war.5 The completion of the Erie Canal gave an impulse to this place that spccdily raised it from a com- paratively obscure village to a large and important city.6 Several destructive fires have occurred, occasioning great losscs.7
1 The Troy Union R. R., 214 mi. long, was built by a com- | tracts of land z. of the Hudson : one, called " Paanpaack," (Field pany, composed of persons chosen by, and representing the in- of Corn,) included the site of Troy; and the other, called Pan- hoosick, farther N .- Brodhead's Hist. of N. Y., pp. 420-534. terests of. the Hudson R., N. Y. Central, Troy & Boston, and Rens- Belaer & Saratoga R. Rs. The depôt, built in 1853-54, is 400 hy 150 feet, walls 27 feet, and roof a single arch, (Briggs's patent,) supported only hy the walls. It is built for 10, and has 7, parallel tracks its entire length. Tower, 115 feet high. Four complete suites of rooms and offices.
2 The iron manufactures consist of R. R. iron, rolled iron, spikes, nails, stoves, firearmna, malleable iron, steam engines, safes, agri- cultural implementa, &c. The husiness is carried on by more than 30 firms, and gives employment to 2500 men. The Troy nail works are among the inost extensive in America. Besides these, there are 6 large flouring mills, 3 grist mills, several breweries and distilleries, and establishments for the manu- facture of cotton and woolen goods, hosiery, paper, carriages, elothing. &c .. in the aggregate employing about 7000 hands. One establishment for the manufacture of shirts, bosoms, and collars employs 670 hands ; 3 others employ 1070 hands, and 17 others 2750 hands. The most extensive mathematical instrument manufactory in the U. S. is located in this city.
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