USA > New York > Gazetteer of the State of New York: embracing a comprehensive view of the geography, geology, and general history of the State, and a complete history and description of every county, city, town, village, and locality, Part 2 > Part 2
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14 Among the first settlers were Wm. Topping. - Butterfield, Brainard and David Miller, Hezekiah Talcott, Asa Lord. Win. Bingham. Theo. Olinstead. -- Adams. Allen Auger, J. Hin- man, L. Hart, and Benj. Starr. The first birth was that of Jonathan Topping, in 1794: and the first death, that of Calvin Miller, March 22, 1797. The second mill in the co. was built at Port Leyden, about 1800, by Ebenezer Kelsey and Peter W. Aldrich.
378
LEWIS COUNTY.
of the Triangle. A Cong. church was formed at a very early period, by Rev. - Ely, and a Bap. church in 1798. There are now 6 churches in town.1
LOWVILLE ?- was formed from Mexico, (Oswego co.,) March 14, 1800, and a part of IIarris- burgh was taken off in 1803. It lies upon the w. bank of Black River, a little N. of the center of the co. Its w. border is about 400 feet above the river. Its surface is gently rolling. A wide intervale, the N. part of which is swampy, extends along the course of the river. The soil is a deep, fertile loam intermixed with disintegrated limestone.3 A mineral spring is found near the N. border of the town. Lowville, (p. v.,) incorp. under the act of 1847,4 is situated near the s. border of the town. It contains 5 churches, an academy,5 2 printing offices, and a bank. Pop. 908. West Lowville, (p.o.,) in the w. part of the town, Stows Square, about 3 mi. N. of Low- ville, and Smiths Landing, on Black River, are hamlets. Settlement was commenced about 1797, under Silas Stow, agent for N. Low, and the town was rapidly filled with immigrants from New England.6 The first church (M. E.) was founded in 1804. There are now 6 churches in town.7
MARTINSBURGHIS-was formed from Turin, Feb. 22, 1803, and a part of Turin was annexcd in 1823. It lies upon the w. bank of Black River, near the center of the co. It has an easterly inclination, its w. border being nearly 1000 feet above the river valley. Its surface is rolling, with a wide, level intervale bordering upon the river. The principal streams are Martins and Whetstone Creeks.9 The soil is a deep, fertile loam, except along the river, where it is sandy. Near the head of Whetstone Gulf is a sulphur spring. Martinsburgh (p. v.) is situated on Martins Creek, near the center of the town. It contains the co. buildings, 3 churches, and a news- paper office. Pop. 210. West Martinsburgh, (p. v.,) in the N. part of the town, has a pop. of 164. Glensdale, (p.o.,) in the s. E. part, is a hamlet of about 12 dwellings. Settlement was begun by Gen. Walter Martin, at Martinsburgh, in 1801.10 The first church (Presb. ) was organized in 1804, by Rev. - Norton. There are 7 churches in town.11
MONTAGUE12 (Mon-ta-gu')-was formed from West Turin, Nov. 14, 1850. It lies near the center of the w. border of the co. Its inclination is toward the N. w., and its elevation is 1200 to 1600 ft. above tide. Its surface is generally rolling, but in some places it is broken and hilly. It is watered by numerous small streams, flowing into Deer River. The N. branch of Salmon River flows through the s. w. corner. Upon lot 22, in the N. w. part, is a sulphur spring. The soil is a moderately fertile, sandy and gravelly loam. Gardners Corners (Montague p. o.) is in the N. part of the town. Settlement commenced in 1846, under the ageney of Diadate Pease, agent of the Pierrepont estate. There are 2 churches in town; M. E. and Bap.
NEW BREMEN-was formed from Watson and Croghan, March 31, 1848. It lies upon the E. bank of Black River, N. of the center of the co. Its surface is level in the w., but rolling, broken, and rocky in the E. It is watered by several tributaries of Black River, the largest of which is Beaver River, on the N. boundary. The E. part is sparsely settled. The soil is a light, sandy loam. Dayansville13 (New Bremen p. o.) is in the w. part of the town. Pop. 200. Settlement was commenced in 1798, by Samuel Illingsworth and some French families.14 In the w. part is a settlement of Germans, and in the N. one of French. There are 4 churches in town.15
OSCEOLA16-was formed from West Turin, Feb. 28, 1844. It lies upon the high region in
1 2 Cong., Bap., M. E., Calv. Meth., Univ.
2 This town embraces No. 11 of the Eleven Towns. It was named from Nicholas Low, of N. Y., the early proprietor.
8 In the Trenton limestone are veins of the sulphurets of lead and iron, intermixed with calcite and fluor spar.
1 The charter was confirmed Feb. 27, 1858. In 1852-53 active efforts were made to secure the location of the co. seat in this village; and a fine brick building, now used as a town hall, was erected in anticipation of its removal.
6 The Lowville Academy has from the first maintained a high rank. Its 50th anniversary was celebrated July 22, 1858.
" Among the early settlers were Jonathan Rogers, Ehud Ste- phens. Moses Waters, A. Wilcox, B. Hillman, Daniel Kelley, Isaac Perry, J. II. and S. Leonard, John Schull, Wm. Darrow, Jas. Bailey, John Bush. A. F. and J. Snell, David and Benj. Rice, and Ebenezer Hills. The first birth was that of Harriet Ste- phens. The first inn was kept by Capt. Rogers. and the first store by Fortunatus Eager. The first mill was built by D. Kelley. 7 2 Bap., Cong., Friends. M. E .. and Prot. E.
8 This town embraces Township No. 4, or Cornelia, of the Boylston Tract, and Porcia and a part of Lucretia, of Constable's Towns.
9 Martins Creck was formerly called "Roaring Brook." At Chimney Point, near the center of the town, this stream has worn
depth of 200 to 250 feet. This remarkable chasm above the "Chimney" is tortnous, with precipitons sides, and in many places is so narrow that the stream occupies the entire space between the ledges. Whetstone Gulf, upon Whetstone Creek, in the s. part of the town, is.a similar ravine.
10 Among the first settlers were Elijah Baldwin. Mrs. Richard Arthur and sons, Reuben Pitcher a id sons, N. Cheney, Eli Ro- gers, Ehud Stephens, Gains Alexander, Stephen Searls. Joseph Sheldon, Chillus Doty, A. Conkey, D. Ashley, S. Gowdy. C. and D. Shminway, and Orrin Moore. W. Martin built the first mills, and in 1807 a paper mill.
11 2 31. E., 2 Union, Bap., Presb .. and Second Advent.
12 This town embraces Township No. 3. or Shakespeare, of the Boylston Tract. It was named from the daughter of H. B. Pierrepont, the proprietor.
13 This place was laid out in 1826, by Charles Dayan.
14 Several of the French company located at the head of Beaver River, where they designed to build a city. A sawmill was built, a half dozen houses were erreted. and the place received the name of "Cartonrille." Jacob Obesier and Rodolph Tillier were engaged in this project.
15 Bap., M. E., Evan. Inth., and R. C.
16 This town embraces Townships 13 and S. or Rurabella and Ilybla, of the Boylston Tract. It was named from the cele-
a channel through the shale and Utica slate, for 2 mi., to the | brated Seminole chief.
379
LEWIS COUNTY.
the s. w corner of the eo. Its general inelination is toward the s. w. Its surface is undulating, and the highest points are 1500 to 1600 ft. above tide. The streams are branches of Fish Creek and Salmon River. The soil is a moderately fertile, sandy loam. Nearly all the town is yet a wilderness. Osceola is a p.o. in the s. part. Settlement was eommeneed about 1838, by Seymour Green, agent for Pierrepont. There are 2 churches in town, M. E. and Ind.
PINCKNEY -- was formed from Harrisburgh and " Harrison," (now Rodman, Jefferson eo.,) Feb. 12, 1808. It lies upon the highlands in the N. w. corner of the co., and has an average eleva- tion of 1300 ft. above tide. It forms the watershed between Deer River and Sandy Creek, the head branches of which constitute the principal streams. A series of swamps extend along the E. border. In the town are several mineral springs, one of which has acquired considerable loeal notoriety for its medieinal qualities. The soil is a light, slaty loam upon the hills, and a deep, blaek loam in the valleys. Pinckney, New Boston, Barnes Corners, and Cronks Corners are p. offiees. Settlement was eommeneed in 1804, under Abel French, agent of Mr. Henderson.2 The first ehureh (Bap.) was formed in 1810. There are now 4 churches in town.3
TURIN-was formed from Mexico, (Oswego eo.,) Mareh 14, 1800. Martinsburgh was taken off in 1803, another portion was annexed to Martinsburgh in 1823, and West Turin was taken off in 1830. It lies upon the w. bank of Black River, s. of the center of the eo. Its w. boundary is 800 to 1000 ft. above the river, giving to the town an easterly inelination. The surface is level, except near the w. border, where it aseends to the slate hills, and in the E., where it deseends to the river intervale. The soil is generally a deep, fertile loam mixed with disintegrated slate and lime- stone. Turin, (p. v.,) situated in the s. part, contaius 3 ehurehes and several manufactories.4 Pop. 438. Houseville,5 (p. v., ) in the N part, has a pop. of 90. The first settlement was made about 1798, by Nathaniel Shaler, of Middletown, agent of Wm. Constable and part owner, and the town was rapidly settled by immigrants from New England.6 The first church (Presb.) was organized Sept. 19, 1802, by Rev. John Taylor. There are 6 churches in town.
WATSON8-was formed from Leyden, March 30, 1821. "Brantingham" (now Greig) was taken off in 1828, Diana in 1830, a part of Croghan in 1841, and a part of New Bremen in 1848. It lies upon the E. bank of Black River, and extends from near the center of the co. to its E. border. Its surface is level or gently rolling in the w. part, but in the central and E. parts it is more hilly and broken. It is watered by Beaver River, Independence Creek, and several smaller branches of Black River. The eentral and E. parts are yet covered with unbroken forests; and a large traet upon the extreme E. border, constitutes a portion of the far famed "John Brown's Tract." In the reeesses of these forests are numerous beautiful lakes that are scarcely known except to hunters. Chases Lake, on the s. border, is noted for its beautiful seenery and is much visited by tourists. The soil is light and sandy. Watson,9 (p. o.,) situated on Black River, in the w. part of the town, is a hamlet. The early settlers located along the river, and settlements were not made in the interior until about 1815.10 The first ehureh (M. E.) was organized in 1820. There are 3 churches and 1 church edifiee (M. E.) in town.11
WEST TURIN-was formed from Turin, March 25, 1830. Osceola was taken off in 1844, Montague in 1850, and High Market and a part of Lewis in 1852. It lies upon the w. bank of Black River, s. of the center of the eo. Its inclination is toward the E., its surface rising by sue. cessive terraces from the intervale of Black River to the hills 800 feet above. Its streams are Sugar River, which flows easterly through near the center of the town, and numerous sinaller creeks and brooks. Lyons Falls, upon Black River, plunge over a ledge of gneiss roek 63 feet in height, at an angle of about 60º.12 These falls formu an excellent water power but little used.
1 By the act organizing this town. Township No. 9. or Handel, of the Eleven Towns, was annexed to Lewis co. The town was named in honor of Charles C. Pinckney, a statesman of S.C.
2 Among the early settlers were J. Penington, Phineas Wool- worth, N. E. Moody. Stephen and James Hart, and Steplet Armstrong. French was succeeded in 1805 by Jesse Hopkins. and he by J. W. Bostwick. a few years after. Owing to its great elevation. the town is liable to deep snows, and. in consequence, its settlement was retarded until a recent date. Since the in- troduction of dairying, it has become an important town for the production of the staple products of the county,-butter and cheese.
3 Bap., MI F., Univ., and R. C. The only church edifice belongs to the M. E. society.
4 There are 3 gristmills upou Mill Creek, near Turin, and a woolen factory 1 ini. below the village.
5 Namned from its founder, Eleazar House.
6 Among the early settlers were Enoch Johnson. Zarchens and John Higby, Levi, Elijah. Justus, and Reuben Woolworth, Thos. Kilham, Ezra Clapp, C. Williston. Eleazar House. Z. Bush, and W. and J. Shepherd. The first birth was that of Cynthia Clapp; and the first marriage, that of Levi Collins and Mary Buslı.
7 3 M. E., 2 Presb., and O. S. Bap.
8 Named from James Watson. of N. Y., former proprietor.
" Among the first settlers were Eliphalet Edmonds. Isaac and
Jabez Puffer, Jonathan Bishop, David Durfy, Ozem Bush, J. Beach, and R. Stone.
10 A bridge was built across the river near this place in 1828. It has recently been rebuilt at the joint expense of the State and town.
11 Bap., Seventh Day Bap., and M. E.
1º Formerly called " High Folls." The rock has been but
¡ slightly worn; but the iron which enters into its composition
380
LEWIS COUNTY.
The soil is a deep, fertile loam upon the river valley, and a slaty loam upon the w. hills. Con- stableville1 (p. v.) is situated upon Sugar River, at the foot of the Slate Hills, near the eenter of the town. Pop. 472. Collinsville,? (p. v.,) in the E. part of the town, contains 2 churches and a population of about 200. Lyons Falls,3 (p. o.,) on Black River, is a hamlet. The first settlement was made at Constableville, in 1796, by Nathaniel Shaler." There are 9 churches in town.5
Acres of Land, Valuation, Population, Dwellings, Families, Frecholders, Schools, Live Stock, Agricultural Products, and Domestic Manufactures, of Lewis County.
ACRES OF LAND.
VALUATION OF 1858.
POPULATION.
SCHOOLS.
NAMES OF TOWNS.
Improved.
Unimproved.
Real Estate.
Personal
Property.
Total.
Males.
Females.
No. of Dwellings.
No. of Families.
Freeholders.
No. of
Children
taught.
Croghan ....
5.524
100.361
$145,905 !
$53,589
$199,494
829
702
300
296
11
734
Denmark.
21,951}
9,697 }
483,101
93,01S
576.119
1,162
1,219
489
430
12
899
Diana
5,747호
84.953}
86.457
2,068
88.525
530
647
222
227
190
9
461
Greig.
4,854}
81.4814
154,688
3,560
158.248
660
543
241
245
192
8
468
Harrisburgh
12.410֏
10.264
198,993
22,500
221,493
661
579
239
243
113
11
511
High Market.
7.715₺
28,966
66,8:22
500
67,322 82,529
600
557
212
225
219
8
578
Leyden
13,670±
5,937
351.466
52.600
404.066
926
930
369
399
277
14
707
Lowville
16.230}
6,724
471.957
150.625
622,582
1,048
1.096
358
421
342
12
682
Martinsburgh
22.024
20.716
451,758
49.700
501,458
1,164
1,325
452
4:29
393
23
1.053
New Bremen
8,030
25,585₺
140,504
35,270
175,774
864
783
305
313
300
10
693
Osceola.
1,629
61,992호
68,087
200
68.287
261
252
104
110
107
6
255
Pinckney
11,265}
13.150}
170,113
10,100
180,213
546
493
123
232
207
10
550
Turin
13,720
5,642
252.599
30.450
283,048
841
907
344
349
287
12
760
Watson
4.705₺
8.545
113,013
14.035
127,048
508
422
173
183
185
9
381
West Turin
15,400}
8,593
315,695
74.500
390.195
1,295
1,183
424
462
251
10
798
Total
184.540: 497.14:4
3,577,173
597.815
4,174.988
112,800 12,4:29
4,707
4,927
4.098 i:179 |10.358
LIVE STOCK.
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS.
NAMES OF TOWNS.
Horses.
Working
Caltex.
Coics.
Sherp.
Swine.
Winter.
Spring.
Tons of Hay.
Bushels of
Bushels of
Pounds
Butter.
Pounds Cheese.
Domestic Cloths, in Furds.
Croghan ...
120 648
580
256
170
354
3.575
12,006
1.460
14,353 16.940
40
33,212
259
Denmark ...
1.034
2,160
1,791
727
1,2574
44,573
5.4-7
8,571
183,849
237,7964
080
Diana ..
179
401
37
317
227
148
14.6421
836
9,538
78
36,900
524
839
Greig.
223
319
425
188
250
1,022
20,424
1,1474
10,985
235
41,240
60,600|
365
631
1,320
684
484
28,1451
4.084
11.029
3,337
130,111
147.79%|
Iligh Market
153
608
763
458
277
1414
19,1242
2.3334
17,850
35
54.761
24.200
1.790}
Lewis
117
340
505
88
182
43
11.724
1.926
8.011
210
34,824
53.4000
104
Leyden.
446
790
2.164
944
875
52.135₺
5,565
23,130
7,600
178,566
204.6001
730%
Lowville.
494
664
2.377
630
807
2.209
38,518
4,555
13.047
18,939
123.103
497,514
759
Martinsburgh
712 55
177
169
17
61
31
4861
7,599
8.305
437
New Bretuen
177
6:25
642
403
3,486%
18.450
1.385
17,27I
112
68.437
7,200
643
Osceola
60
252
167
160
131
40
7,349
730
4,829
183
16,090
163
Pinckney ..
323
610
1.148
884
465
269
38,218
4.117号
13.636
1.202
109.480
67.180
1.055₺
Turin
412
843
1.784
557
S03
487
45.373
4.403
11.694
11,013
158,731
124.845,
190
Watson
164
382
402
392
280
1,503
17.130
1.035}
8.974
164
43.030
25.600
719
West Turin.
449
1.144
2.055
1.038
931
38
58.719
6,183
29.059
4.391
189,920
113.157'
1.408
Total
5.097 |10.597 |19.151 10.086; 8.353
115,22821506.749₺
51.802
243.841
72,198 1.575,515 |1,896.741 12,601;
bas gradually dissolved. and the precipitous banks at and below the falls are so colored by it that they seem to have been painted by art ; hence they are called the "Pictured Rocks."
1 Named from William Constable, son of the original pro- prietor.
2 Named from Homer Collins,
8 Named from Caleb R. Lyon, first resident agent and pro- prietor of the Brantingham Tract.
4 Among the carly settlers were John Ives, Levi Hongh, II. Scranton, Willard Allen, Horatio G. Hongh, - Rockwell. aud Jonathan Collins. Ex Bishop L. S. Ives is a son of Levi Ives, formerly of this town. 5 3 Union, 3 R. C., 2 M. E., Prot. E.
164.956
332,327
1.43S
Montague.
1,167
2.427
1,365
978
9781
72,123 8,092
6,0474
25.896
16,088
118
120
7
228
Montague.
15.559
9.999
28,387
200
28,587
312
259
116
182
189
7
600
Lewis.
4,099₺
14.538
77,629
4,900
593
532
181
BUSH. OF GRAIN,
DAIRY PRODUCTS.
Oxen und
Potatoes.
Apples.
Harrisburgh.
491
Districts.
354 490
LIVINGSTON COUNTY.
NON
SEAL
THIS county was formed from Genesee and Ontario, Feb. 23, 1821. A portion of Allegany was annexed in 1846, and another portion in 1856. It occupies a nearly central position in the w. half of the State. It is centrally distant 205 mi. from Albany, and contains 655 sq. mi. Its surface is an upland, rolling in the N. and hilly in the s. The hills upon the s. border are 1,000 to 1,200 ft. above the valleys and 2,000 to 2,200 ft. above tide. From their summits the surface declines toward the N., the extreme N. border being 500 to to 800 ft. above tide. The slopes are usually smooth and gradual, except along the banks of the streams ; and nearly every acre of land in the co. is arable.
The streams generally flow in deep ravines. They are usually bordered by steep, and sometimes precipitous, hillsides. The principal stream is Genesee River, flowing N. E. through the w. part of the co. In the s. its course is between steep and often precipi- tous banks, but further N. it is bordered by broad and beautiful intervales.1 Its tributaries are Cone- sus Creek, Fall Brook, and Canaseraga Creek, from the E., and Beards, White, and several other small crecks, from the w. Coshaqua Creek is a tributary of the Canaseraga. Hemlock and IIoneoye Outlets flow along the E. border, and a few tributaries of the Susquehanna take their rise in the s. part. Conesus Lake, near the center, and IIemlock Lake, along the E. border, occupying long, narrow valleys, are the only considerable bodies of water.
The underlying rocks, commencing upon the N. border, are the waterlime of the Onondaga salt group, the Onondaga and corniferous limestones, Marcellus and lIamilton shales, Genesee slate, and Portage shales and sandstoncs. The limestones of the N. are extensively quarried for lime and building stone; and the sandstones of the Portage group furnish excellent building stone and flag- ging. The soil, derived from the disintegration of these rocks, in all the clements of fertility has no superior in the State. Until the commencement of the ravages of the midge, wheat was the staple production ; but it has been principally superseded by the spring grains. Broomcorn is largely cultivated along the Genesee Flats ; and considerable attention is paid to cattle and sheep growing and dairying in the s. part.
The county seat is located at the village of Geneseo. The courthouse is beautifully situated upon a fine lot in the N. part of the village.2 The jail, in the rear of the courthouse, is an old building, without means of ventilation, and it is impossible properly to classify the prisoners. The clerk's office is a small fireproof building upon the courthouse lot. The co. poorhouse is located upon a farm of 118 acres about 1 mi. E. of Geneseo. Its average number of inmates is 107, sup- ported at a weekly expense of 75 cts. each. The farm yields a revenue of $2,000. A school is taught 9 or 10 months in the year. The house is well constructed and is very well kept.
The Genesee Valley Canal extends along the valley of the Genesee from the N. bounds of the co. to Mt. Morris ; thence it turns s. E. to Coshaqua Creek and up the valley of that stream to Nunda, and thence s. w. to the Genesee at Portage, where it crosses the river upon a wood aqueduct sup- ported by stone picrs. The Dansville Branch Canal extends from Mt. Morris s. E. to Dansville.3 The Canandaigua & Niagara Bridge Branch of the N. Y. Central R. R. extends through Cale- donia. The Buffalo & N. Y. City R. R. extends s. E. through Portage and Nunda. The Buffalo, New York & Erie R. R. extends s. E. through Caledonia, Avon, Livonia, Corcsus, and Springwater. The Genesce Valley R. R. extends s. through Avon, Genesco, and Groveland to Mt. Morris.
Five newspapers-one daily, three weekly, and one monthly -- are now published in the co.4
1 The Genesce is subject to an annual overflow, the water often covering the entire fiats which border upon It. This fre- quently cansea destruction of property; but it is a source of con- stunt fertility to the soil.
2 The first co. officers were Moses Hayden, First Judge : James Garson. County Clerk; Gideon T. Jenkins, Sherif; and James Roseburgh. Surrogate.
3 The highest level of the Genesee Valley Canal within this co. is 622 feet above the Erie Canal at Rochester and 1,132 feet - above tide.
+ The Moscow Advertiser and Genesee Farmer, the first paper published in the co .. was commenced at Moscow in 1817 bv Hezekiah Ripley. About 1821 it passed iuto the /
hands of James Percival, who removed it to Genesco and changed the name to
The Livingston Register. In 1829 Anson M. Weed and Allen Warner became proprietors; and it was successively published by Warner. Percival, Elias Clark, Wm. H Kelsey, and Richard M. Miel. . In 1835 Miel became sole proprietor. He was soon after succeeded by D. S. Curtis In 1837 its publication was suspended. It was soon after revived. and published for a short time by Hugh Harding. He was succeeded by Jobn Kempshall, who published it until 1840, when it was discontinued.
The Livingston Journal was commenced at Geneseo in 1822 by Chauncey Morse. Asahel Harvey was subsequently
381
382
LIVINGSTON COUNTY.
Before the advent of the whites, this co. was the seat of several of the principal villages of the Seneca Nation. Considerable advances had been made in the arts of civilization, and a large quantity of land had been cleared and was cultivated. Corn, apples, and peaches were extensively produced. The orchards were destroyed, and the whole region was laid waste, by Gen. Sullivan, in 1779. The co. was included in the Phelps and Gorham Purchase, and in the Morris Reserve.1 The latter tract was subdivided into several tracts, generally distinguished as separate patents.
In Sept. 1797, a treaty was held with the Indians at Geneseo, at which they ceded all their lands in this co. to the whites, except several small reservations.2 The first settlements were made about 1790, previous to the extinguishment of the Indian title. The most prominent of the carly settlers were James and Wm. Wadsworth, from Durham, Conn., who located at Geneseo, June 10, 1790. They were large landowners, and by a wise and liberal policy they greatly facilitated the settlement of the surrounding region. The greater partof the early settlers were immigrants from New England. York and Caledonia were settled principally by a colony of Scotch.
AVON-was formed, as " Hartford," in Jan. 1789. Its name was changed in 1808. Rush was taken off in 1818. It is the center town upon the N. border of the co. Its surface is a rolling and moderately hilly upland, terminating in flats on Genesee River. Deming Hill, on Lot 192, is the highest point in town. The principal stream is Conesus Creck, or Outlet, a tributary of Genesce River. The soil upon the uplands is a sandy and gravelly loam intermixed with clay, and on the flats, a deep, rich alluvium. Avon, (p. v., ) in the w. part, a station on the G. V., and B., N. Y. & E. R. R's., celebrated for its medicinal springs,3 was incorp. June 13, 1853. It contains 3 churches, 5 large hotels, and 879 inhabitants. East Avon, (p. v.,) near the center, contains 2 churches and about 35 houses. South Avon, (p. o.,) in the s. part, contains ? houses. Littleville, 1} mi. s. of Avon, contains a church, gristmill, furnace, and 23 houses. The first
associated with him. In 1829 Levi Ilovey became pro- prictor; and it was successively published by Benj. Dennison, 1I. F. Evans, Evans & Woodruff, and Wm. J. Ticknor. Its publication was suspended in 1834 or '35. In the fall of 1835 the establishment was purchased hy David Mitchell and W. H. Kelsey, who revived the paper under the name of
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