USA > New York > Gazetteer of the State of New York: embracing a comprehensive view of the geography, geology, and general history of the State, and a complete history and description of every county, city, town, village, and locality, Part 2 > Part 8
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9 The census reports 7 churches in town; Bap., Cong., M. E., Meth. Prot., Presb., R. C., and Union.
10 This town embraces tho N. w. portion of tho Mill Yard Tract.
11 Among the other carly settlers were Michael Beach, Silas Leonard, Geo. Goodhue, and Timothy Madden, in 1802; Jona- than Underwood, Gibbon Jewell, Geo. Huntley, Abner Brock- way, jr., Jas. Egbert, and Jonathan Ogden, in 1805; Hope and Elisha Downs. in 1809; Augustus Mather, Lendell Curtiss. Sau'l Castle. and Kinnicone Roberts, in 1810; and Joshna Whitney, in 1811. The first marriage was that of Capt. Jonathan Leonard and a daughter of Win. Hincher. Alpheus Madden tanghit the first schoot. in 1804; J. Thompson kept the first store : Hope and Elisha Downs the first inn; and Jonathan Whitney built the first saw and grist mill.
12 The census reports 9 churches in town ; 2 Bap., 2 M. E., 2 Presb., F. W. Bap., Christian. and Cong.
GENESEE FALLS AT ROCHESTER
401
MONROE COUNTY.
PENFIELD1 -- was formed from " Boyle," March 30, 1810. Webster was taken off in 1840 It lics on the E. border of the co., N. of the center. Its surface is rolling, and in the w. it is much broken. Irondequoit Bay enters the N. w. corner. Irondequoit Crcck flows through the s. w. corner and fornis a part of the w. boundary. It falls about 90 ft. in the village of Penfield. The other streams are small brooks. The soil is drift sand over argillaceous loam. Penfield, (p. v.,) in the s. w. part, on Irondequoit Crcek, contains 3 churchies, 2 gristmills, 2 sawmills, a woolen factory, a foundery, and a manufactory of agricultural implements. Pop. 560. Lovetts Cor- ners (East Penfield p. o.) contains 20 houses; Penfield Center contains 15 houses. The first permanent settlement was made by Lebbeus Ross and Calvin Clark, in 1801.2 There are 4 churches in town.ª
PERINTON --- was formed from "Boyle," May 26, 1812. It is the s. town on the E. line of the co. Its surface is uneven, a ridge from the s. E. terminating ncar the center. Turk IIill, in the s. part, is the highest point in the co. The town is drained by the headwaters of Irondequoit Creek and its branches. The soil is a sandy loam. Fairport, (p. v.,) N. w. of the center, a canal and R. R. station, contains 5 churches, 3 flouring mills, 2 sawmills, a plaster mill, 2 planing mills, a sale- ratus factory, machine shops, and carriage shops. Pop. 685. Bushnells Basin, (p. v.,) in the w. part, on the canal, contains a church and 252 inhabitants; and Egypt, (p. v.,) s. E. of the center, a church and 30 houses. Fullams Basin is a hamlet, on the canal. The first settle- ment commenced in 1790, but was mostly abandoned soon after. Glover Perrin was the first per- manent settler, in 1793.5 Rev. - Crane preached the first sermon. There are 8 churches in town.6
PITTSFORD-was formed from " Smallwood," March 25, 1814. Henrietta was taken off in 1818. It is an interior town, lying E. of the center of the co. Its surface is undulating, with a gentle inclination toward the N. Irondequoit Creck flows through the N. E. part, and Allyns Creek through the w. part. The soil is sandy in the N., and clayey and gravelly iu the s. Pittsford, (p. v.,) near the center, a canal and R. R. station, was incorp. April 7, 1827. It contains 4 churches, a union school, and a flouring mill. Pop. 702. Cartersville, in the E. part, on the canal, contains a distillery and 12 houses. The first settlement was commenced in 1789, by Israel and Simon Stonc.7 The first church (Cong.) was organized in 1809.8
RIGA-was formed from " Northampton," now Gates, April 8, 1808. Chili was taken off in 1822. It lies on the w. border of the co., near the s. w. corner. Its surface is level or gently undu- lating. Black Creek, a dull, sluggish stream, flows E. in a tortuous course through near the center. The soil is a clayey loam. Churchville,9 (p. v., ) N. w. of the center, on Black Creck, is a R. R. station, and contains 4 churches, a saw and flouring mill, foundery, and machine shop. Pop. 450. Riga Center, (Riga p. o.,) near the center, contains a church, the Riga Academy, and 25 houses. The first settlement was commenced in 1805, under the auspices of James Wadsworth.1º The first church (Cong.) was formed in the fall of 1806;11 Rev. Allen Hollister was the first pastor.
1 Named from Daniel Penfield, an extensive landholder during the carly settlement.
1 Asa Carpenter had previously settled, but did not remain. Gen. Jonathan Fassett, of Vt., Caleb Hopkins, - Maybee, and four others, made a settlement, but soon after abandoned it on account of sickness. Hopkins and Maybee remained. As early as 1804, Josiah J. Kellogg, Dan'l Stilwell, Benj. Minor, Jonathan and David Baker, Isaac Beatty, and Henry Paddock, moved in. Daniel Penfield came in 1810. The first birth was that of a child of Mrs. Fiske; and the first death was that of Benj. Stilwell, in 1804. Jos. Hatch tauglit the first school; Daniel Stilwell kept the first inn, in 1806; and Wm. McKinster the first store. The first mills were built by Daniel Penfield.
3 Bap., F. W. Bap., M. E., and Presh.
4 Named from Glover Perrin, the first permanent settler.
6 Among the early settlers wers Jesse Perrin. in 1794. Abner Wright, in 1795, Caleb Walker, in 1799, and Asa and Edward Perrin. Levi Treadwell, Maj. Norton, John Scott. John Peters, | of Sam'l Church ; the first male child born was Hirain Shepard,
and Gideon Ramsdell, soon after. The first birth was that of Axa Wright, in 1797. Glover Perrin kept the first inn ; Gregory & Dean the first store; and Richard Lincoln built the first grist- mill.
6 2 Wes. Meth., 3I. E .. Cong., Bap., F. W. Bap., Univ., and Union. 7 Stlas Nye. Joseph Farr, Alex. Dunn, and David Davis, from Washington co., settled near the center about the same time;
Thos. Clelland, Ezra Patterson, and Josiah Girninson soon after. In 1790 and '91, the Stone family, of 7 persons, Caleb Hopkins, Wm. Acker, Israel Canfield, and Benj. Miller, cams in. The first marriage was that of N. Armstrong and Miss E. Cols. The first school was taught in 1794. John Mann built the first mill, in 1805, on Irondequoit Creek, in the E. part of the town.
8 There are 4 churches in town; Presb., Prot. E., M. E., and Bap.
" Named from Samuel Church, the pioneer settler at the vil- lage in 1808.
10 The first settlers were mostly from Mass. Elihu Church settled near the center, in March, 1806. Soon after, Samuel Shepard settled in the s. w. part; Ilen-y Brewster, Sam'l Bald- win, William Parker, Ezekiel Barnes, Nehemiah Frost, Samuel Church, Jas. Knowles, Thos. Bingham, Jos. Tucker, Enos Morse, and Geo. Richmond, in 1807; and Jos. Emerson and Eber and Chester Orcutt, in 1808. The first birth was that of a danghter
in 1806; the first death was that of Richard Church, in 1807. Jos. Thompson kept the first inn ; Thompson & Tuttle ths first store, in 1808. Sainnel Church built the first sawmill, in 1808, and the first gristmill, in 1811, both at Churchville.
11 The census reports 6 churches in town ; 2 Cong., M. E., Presb., Bap., and Univ.
26
402
MONROE COUNTY.
ROCHESTER !- was taken from Brighton and Gates, and incorp. as a village, by the name of " Rochesterville," March 21, 1817. Its name was changed April 12, 1822, and it was cn- larged and incorporated as a eity April 28, 1834.2 It is located N. of the center of the eo., upon Genesee River, 7 mi. from its mouth; and it contains an arca of about 8 sq. mi. The surface is level or gently undulating. The N. Y. C. R. R. track is 280 ft. above Lake Ontario; and Mt. Hope Ridge, the highest point upon the s. border, is 160 ft. higher. The city has a solid founda- tion of Niagara limestone, cropping out along the course of the river, but in other parts of the city usually covered with drift deposits. The Genesee flows N., dividing the city into two nearly equal parts. Its course through the eity is mostly a suecession of rapids and falls, affording an ex- tensive and valuable water-power, which is fully improved for manufacturing purposes.3
The city is quite regularly laid out, most of the streets crossing each other at right angles. The N. and s. streets are parallel to the river, and upon the principal E. and w. streets bridges are built across the river." The streets are usually well paved and bordercd by commodious side- walks. The eity is divided into 12 wards.
The immense water-power furnished by Genesee River gives to the city great advantages for manufacturing.5 Mills were erected at an early period; and gradually other machinery was added, until the present great amount and variety have been attained. The staple manufacture of the city is flour. There are now in operation 24 mills and an aggregate of 125 runs of stonc. The mills have a capacity for grinding 800,000 bbls. of flour per annum ; and the aggregate capital invested is $700,000. Since the failure of the wheat crop in Western New York, a considerable portion of the water-power has been directed to other manufacturing purposes.6
The eulture of fruit and ornamental trees has for many years formed an important business of the eity; and now the nurseries are among the most extensive in the country.7
The commerce of the city is large, though of much less importance than the manufactures. It
1 Named from Col. Nath'l Rochester, one of the original pro- prictors.
2 At the first village meeting, hield May 13, 1828, under charter, Francis Brown was elected President, and Wm. Cobb, Everard Peck, Dan. Mack, and Jehiel Barnard, Trustees. The village corporatiou embraced 750 acres. The first city officers-elected in June, 1834-were Jonathan Child, Mayor ; Louis Brooks. Thos. Kempshall, Elijah F. Smith, Fred'k F. Buekus, and A. W. Ripley, Aldermen ; John C. Nash, Clerk ; and E. F. Marshall, Treasurer. 3 The whole fall of Genesee River within the co. is 280 ft., of which 265 are below the s. line of the city. The falls evidently all once formed a single caseade; hut the different degrees of hardness of the several rocks over which the river flows have caused an unequal retrograde movement of the falls, until they have assumed their present position. The surface shales have worn away gradually to a uniform slope, over which the water flows in a series of rapids. At the Upper Falls the stream falls a distance of 96 feet over the perpendicular edge of the Niagara liniestone underlaid by shale. Below the Upper Falls the river flows 12 mi., through a deep ravine bounded hy nearly perpen- dicular sides, to the Middle Falls, where it has a descent of 25 ft. One hundred rods below, it descends 84 ft. over a ledge of Me- dina sandstone to the level of Lake Ontario. Several sulphur springs flow out of the rocks below the Middle Falls.
4 The river is crossed by 4 bridges, respectively at Buffalo, Court, Andrew, and Clarissa Sts. The Court and Andrew St. Bridges are of iron, and the others of wood. The first bridge was built upon the site of the present Buffalo St. Bridge, in 1810- 12. under a special act. The cost-$12,000-was raised by tax, in Ontario and Genesee cos. The Court St. Bridge was first built in 1826, by individuals. It was replaced by the present struc- ture iu 1858, at the city expense. The Central R. R. Bridge crosses the river a few rods above the Upper Falls. The canal is crossed by 5 substantial iron bridges. built by the State. Other bridges are built across the canal feeder aud the various mill- races extenling through the city.
Fish and removed to Canada. This will and one other were first manufacturing towns in the State.
5 The situation of this water-power is very favorable for the growth of manufactures. Vessels from Lake Ontario can come up the river to the foot of the Lower Falls, 2 mi. below the center of the eity ; and above the rapids the river is navigable to Mount Morris a distance of 53 mi. The first mill was built by Ebenezer Allen, in 1788-89. He soon after sold out to Col. the only ones at this place until 1814, when Elisha and Henry Ely and Josiah Bissell built another at the Upper Falls. During this year a few hundred bbls. of flour were sent to the Ningara frontier .- the first flour ever exported from Rochester. The Phoenix Mills were built in 1818 ; since that time the number lias largely increased, until now Rochester is one of the largest flonr manufacturing places in the country. It is called the " Flour City."
6 Flour Barrels forin an important item in the manufacturing interests of the city. There are now engaged iu this business 41 firms, producing in the aggregate 250,000 bbls. annually. aud giving employment to 400 men.
Axes and Edge Tools are manufactured by 3 firms. with an aggregate capital of $180.000. and employing to 200 men.
Machine Shops, 9 in number, have an aggregate capital of $300,000, turn out goods to the amount of $600,000 per annum, and employ 750 men.
Furnaces, 8 in number, employ 150 men, aud havo a capital of $320.000.
The Duryee and Forsyth Safe and Scale Manufacturing Co. was incorp. In Dec. 1854, with a capital of $100,000. It gives employment to 250 men, and produces goods to the amount of $250,000 per annum.
Cotton Factories, 2 in number. give employment to 26 men, and produce $230,000 worth of goods annually.
Breweries, 17 in number. have an aggregate capital of $130,000, and produce $250.000 worth of ale and lager beer annually.
Boat Yards, 15 in number, have a capital of $70,000, and manufacture 8375,000 worth of boats annually.
Coach and Carriage factories, 8 in number, turn ont $150,000 worth of carriages annnally.
Boot and Shor factories, 5 in number. give employment to 900 hands, and turn out goods annually to the amount of $500,000. Cabinet Shops, 8 in number, employ 625 men, and turn out work to the amount of $500.000 annually.
Chair Factories, 2 in number. employ 300 men, and turn out chairs to the amount of $200.000 per annum.
Among the other articles annually manufactured are woolen cloths to the amount of $50,000. soap and candles to the amount of $00.000, carpets. paper. linseed oil. alcohol. paint. fire engines, rifles, &e. A carpet mannfactory was started in 1832; and in 1838 there were 2 in successful operation,-one at the Lower and one nt the Middle Falls. The first paper mill was Imilt at the Upper Falls, in 1819. A large paper mill below the Lower Falls now produces paper to the amount of $150.000 annually. It is chiefly engaged in the manufacture of printing paper. There are several sawmills, planing mills, and tanneries in the city. Besides these. there are many minor manufactories, in the aggre- gate giving employment to a large number of men and making use of a great amount of capital. The city ranks among the
7 Ellwanger & Barry's Mount Hope Nursery, occupying 500 acres, is probably the most extensive uursery in the world. Sammel Moulson's Old Rochester Nursery occupies 350 acres ; Alonzo Frost & Co's. Genesee Valley Nursery, about 250; and Hocker & Bissell's East Avenue Nursery, about 200. J. O. Bloes & Co., Chas. Moulson, - Burtis, Mattison & Co., Win. King, and Win. Bryan & Co.'s nurseries occupy 50 to 100 acres each.
403
MONROE COUNTY.
is carried on by means of the canals, railroads, and Lake Ontario.1 The exports consist of the produets of the Genesee Valley and of the manufactured goods of the city. Pop. 43,877.
Besides the co. buildings, the eity contains several fine public edifices.
The City Hall, combined with the co. courthouse, has already been described.
Corinthian Hall contains the reading room and library of the Atheneum and Mechanics' Asso- eiation, and is one of the finest publie halls in the country.
The Arcade, fronting Buffalo St., is a commodious building, containing the p. o., telegraph offices, and a variety of other offices, stores, &c. It has a broad promenade extending through the eenter, from which the various rooms open on either side. The roof is built mostly of glass, and the public walk is open to the roof. The rooms of the upper stories open upon galleries, which extend the entire length of the building on either side above the main walk or promenade.
The Central R. R. Depot is one of the finest buildings of the kind in the State. It contains ample accommodations for the various R. R. offices, passenger rooms, and for the ears which arrive on the various roads that eenter there. Its roof is supported by iron; and the whole structure presents a fine and imposing appearance. Several of the mercantile blocks, the banks, and private residences, are beautiful structures and worthy of becoming architectural models.
The Public Schools of the eity are under the control of a Board of Education, consisting of 2 members from each ward and a Superintendent. The schools are graded, and the course of in- struction embraces all studies, from the primary through the higher branches taught in academies. The school buildings are 16 in number. The number of teachers employed is 104; 13 are males and 91 females. The number of children between the ages of 4 and 21 is 16,108, of whom 6,320, or 38 per cent., attend school during some portion of the year. The total expenses for 1857 were $58,945.55. Number of volumes in school libraries, 7000.
The University of the City of Rochester was ineorp. in Jan. 1850, and is under the patrouage of the Baptist denomination. This school has an optional classical and scientific course. The present number of pupils is 140.2
The Baptist Theological Seminary,8 connected with the University, was established Nov. 4, 1850. Its present number of students is 31.
The Rochester Collegiate Institute, corner of Atwater and Oregon Sts., was established in 1854, and is at present a flourishing institution.
The Rochester Female Academy, on Fitzhugh St., was incorp. in 1837.
The Allen Female Seminary and The Tracy Female Institute are flourishing private seminaries. There are 8 parish schools connected with the R. C. churches of the city.
The Rochester Atheneum and Mechanics' Association was founded in 1849. It has an extensive reading room and a library of 8,000 volumes. It sustains au annual course of lectures.
The Female Charitable Society was organized in 1826, to furnish clothing and other articles of necessity to the destitute.
The Home for the Friendless was organized April 11, 1849, to provide work for the needy who eannot obtain employment.
The House for Idle and Vagrant Children was opened June 2, 1854. It is connected with the school department of the city; and to it are sent all vagrant children that are wandering about the streets.
The Rochester Orphan Asylum was established in 1836 and incorp. in 1838. It is a fine brick edi- fice, situated in the s. w. part of the city, upon a lot donated by the IIon. John Greig. Its average number of inmates is 84, supported by State and county appropriations and private subscription.
The Roman Catholic Orphan Asylum was opened in July, 1842. It is under the charge of the Sisters of Charity. It is situated in the rear of St. Patrick's Church.
The Cartmen's Mutual Benevolent Society was incorp. in July, 1849.
The St. Andrew's Benevolent Society for extending aid to indigent Scotchmen was formed in 1850. The St. George's Society was formed in March, 1849, by the English residents of the city.
The other societies in the city are the Monroe Co. Bible Society, organized in 1821; The Rochester
1 The principal landing for the port of Rochester is at Char- lotte, at the mouth of Genesee River. 7 mi. below the city. The amount of imports at this port for the year 1858 was $338.252; exports, $126,197. The principal imports are wheat, flour, fish, Inniber, horses, hides and skins, peas, and wool; and exports, cast- inga, fruit. fruit-trees. furniture, cheese, potatoes, and machinery. The lighthouse is 57 ft. high, surmounted by a lantern 11 ft. diameter and 8 ft. high, with a 4th order of lens. It was erected in 1822, at a cost of $5,000. The pier is & of a mi. in length, built of wood and stone; and on the end is a beacon lighthouse,
2 This institution at present occupies temporary buildings upon Buffalo St .. in the midst of the city. It owns a site of 12 acres just K. of the city limits. upon which suitable buildings are in process of erection. Connected with the institution is a valuable library and a fine mineralogical cabinet.
3 This institution has an endowment of $75,000. It has a German Theological Department. Its library contains 5.500 vols., 4,600 of which belonged to Dr. Augustus Neander, the German ecclesiastical historian.
404
MONROE COUNTY.
City Tract Society; the Industrial School Association; the Christian Doctrine Society; Society of St. Alphonsus, (German;) St. Joseph's Convent of Redemption; the Academies of St. Patrick, The Sacred Heart, and Our Lady of Mercy. The St. Mary's Hospital has an average of about 70 patients.
The Western House of Refuge for Juvenile Delinquents, a State institution, established in 1844. is located upon a farm of 42 acres 1} mi. N. of the courthouse. The buildings consist of a large and imposing main edifice, with wings containing offices, cells, a chapel, &c. and a variety of work- shops. They occupy a site of 4} acres, surrounded by a high wall. The average number of in- mates is ncarly 400.1
The first religious services held in the co. were connected with the French missions in the 17th century. The first church at Rochester (Presb.) was formed in 1815, and the church edifice was erected in 1817 ; Rev. Comfort Williams was the first settled minister, in 1816. Several of the city churches are among the finest church edifices in the State. There are now 46 churches in the city.2
Mount Hope Cemetery is located in Brighton, near the s. line of the city. It embraces a lot of 70 acres located upon Mount Hope, the highest point of land in the vicinity, and one completely over- looking the city. It is laid out in excellent taste, and is one of the finest rural cemeteries in the country.
St. Patrick's Cemetery contains 15 acres, and St. Joseph's Cemetery (German) 9 acres.
The territory about the mouth of the Genesee first became known to the whites in the early ex- ploring expeditions of the French. A map of the region, prepared by Baron La Hontan, was published at London in 1703. Views of the Upper and Lower Gencsee Falls had been published as early as 1768.3 Many other adventurers visited the place and gave descriptions of it long previous to the Revolution. The country remained in the peaceable possession of the Indians until after the war, when immigration began to set in toward Western N. Y. The first settler who located at the falls was Ebenezer Allen, the notorious tory." He built a mill in 1788 or '90, but soon after sold out his improvements to the Pulteney Estate. The mill went to decay ; and there were no other white settlers for several years.5 Among the earliest settlers were Jeremiah Olmstead, who located a short distance s. of the present site of the House of Refuge, in 1798-99; Wmn. Cole, who estab- lished a ferry, in 1805; and Enos Stone, who built a mill, in 1808. In 1802, Nath'l Rochester, Wm. Fitzhugh, and Charles H. Carroll, from Md., purchased a tract of 300 acres at the Upper Falls ; and in 1812 they caused their land to be laid out for settlement. In the same year Francis and Matthew Brown, from Mass., and Thomas Mumford, laid out a tract of 200 acres adjoining the former, and commenced the erection of mills, &c.6
The war with Great Britain broke out at the time when the first efforts were made to build up Rochester, and seriously retarded the progress of settlement. The fear of Indian hostilities and of lostile invasion from Canada caused many of the pioneer settlers to abandon their new homes and emigrate to the more populous sections of the country. At the close of the war, settlements commenced throughout Western N. Y. with increased rapidity ; and Rochester immediately felt the new impulse. A large number of settlers came in, mills were built, and the place immediately became the commercial and manufacturing center of the fertile Gencsee country. The finishing of the Erie Canal gave a new impetus to the business of the place and served to greatly extend its manufacturing interests. Since that time the city has steadily and rapidly increased both in population7 and business, until it has arrived at a front rank among the inland cities of the State.
RUSH-was formed from Avon, (Livingston co.,) March 13, 1818. It lies near the center of the s. border of the co. Its surface is rolling, with a w. inclination. Genesec River forms its w. boundary; and Honeoyc Creek flows w. through the town and enters the river near the center of the w. border. In the w. part, along the river, are extensive flats. Thic soil is a sandy, calcareous
1 The central building is 86 by 60 ft., and 3 stories high. The | two brothers, then In exile, accompanied by Robert Morris, wings are each 148 by 32 ft.,-making the entire length of the visited the place. 5 See p. 398. building 382 feet. Juvenile delinquents are sentenced to this institution from the central, northern. and western parts of the State,-those from the eastern part being sent to a similar insti- tution on Wards Island, New York City. The inmates spend a portion of each day in study and a portion in laboring at some useful employment. The principal business carried ou is the manufacture of shoes and brushes. A library of 9,000 volumes is connected with the institution. The yearly cost is about $31.900, and the earnings of the inmates $12,000. See p. +2. 2 10 Presb., 8 M. E., 7 R. C., 4 Prot. E., 4 Bap., 2 Friends, and 1 each Cong., Univ .. Unit., Rief. I'rot. D., Germ. Evan., Germ. Ref., Second Advent, Society of Christians, Brothers in Christ, Evang. Association, and Jewish.
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