USA > New York > Gazetteer of the State of New York: embracing a comprehensive view of the geography, geology, and general history of the State, and a complete history and description of every county, city, town, village, and locality, Part 2 > Part 57
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The Temperunce Helper was started In Jan. 1853, by the Sara- togn Co. Temperance Alliance. In 1855 it was bonght by Potter & Judson, and in 1856 it was changed to
The Saratogian. A daily edition is published during the summer season.
The Saratoga Sentinel was started in 1854 by Allen Corey, and sold in May, 1855, to Clark & Thayer.
The Schuylerville Herald was published at Schuylerville in 1844 by J. L. Cramer.
Old Saratoga was started in 1848 at Schuylerville by J. L. Cra- mer, and continued until 1852.
Battle Ground Herald was published at Schuylerville from Aug. 1853, till July, 1857, by R. N. Atwell & Co.
The Saratoga County American, started in Dec. 1857, is uow published at Schuylerville by J. R. Rock- well.
The Stillwater Gazette was commenced at Stillwater in 1845 by Isnac A. Pitman, and was publisbed about 3 years.
The Cold Water Battery was published at Stillwater iu 1845 by Isaac A. Pitman.
The Hudson River Chronicle was published at Mechanicsville from Oct. 1856, to March, 1858, by Samuel lleron.
The Crescent Eagle was published in 1852 by C. Ackerman.
The Morning Star was published at Mechanicsville in 1854-55, by C. Smith & Co.
" The "Half Moon" Patent, including Waterford and part of Half Moon, was granted to Anthony Vau Schaick. The " Sara- toga Patent," including the present towns of Easton, Saratoga, and Stillwater, was granted, Nov. 4, 1684, to Cornelius Van Dyck. Jan Jans Bleecker, Peter Phillips Schuyler, Johannes Wendell, Dirk Wessels, David Schnyler. and Robt. Livingston. The " Clifton Park Patent," embracing the E. part of the present town of Clifton I'ark and the w. part of Half Moon, was granted Sept. 23, 1708. The " Appel Patent." in the w. part of the pre- Bent town of Clifton Park, was abont & mi. wide on the Mohawk and extended back nearly 4; mi. The " Kayaderosseras Patent" was granted Nov. 2, 1708, to Manning lermanse, Johannes Beek- man, Rip Van Dam. Ann Bridges, May Beckley, Peter Fancon- neer, Adrian Ilogelandt, Johannes Fisher. Jolan Tuder, Jovis Hogelandt. John Stevens, John Totham, and Samson Broughton. This patent contained 400,000 acres, and embraced nearly all of Saratoga co. N. of the small patents already described, and por- tions of Montgomery, Fulton, and Warru cos. The portion of the co. N. of this pateut was embraced in the "Palmer" and "Gleu" purchases.
586
SARATOGA COUNTY.
proprietors and the owners of the Schenectady, Clifton Park, and Half Moon Patents, which were not settled until after the Revolution.
The first settlements in the eo. were made by the Dutch, within a few years after their first eolo- nization of the country about Albany. These settlements commenced ncar Waterford, on the Mohawk, and gradually extended up the valley of the Hudson. Lying in the great thoroughfare between the English settlements at Albany and the French posts on Lake Champlain, the continual passing of military parties cheeked the progress of settlement and exposed the few hardy pioneers to all the dangers and anxieties of border warfare. Immediately after the conquest of Canada, in 1760, settlements rapidly extended along the river valleys and to some distance into the interior. During the Revolution, some of the most important events of the war transpired within the limits of this co. Upon the approach of Burgoyne in 1777, Gen. Schuyler retreated from Fort Edward and made a stand first at Saratoga, then at Stillwater, and finally at the mouths of the Mohawk.1 This last stand he considered the best position for checking the advance of the enemy, which he was expecting both from the N. and w. The inhabitants of the co. above fled in consternation to Albany, leaving their homes and fields of grain to be destroyed by the advancing foe. The islands at the mouth of the Mohawk were fortified about the 1st of August, and Burgoyne took possession of Fort Edward at nearly the same time. While the armies lay in this position, two events took place which served greatly to embarrass Burgoyne and to render sure his final defeat. The first of these was the defeat of Baum at Bennington, and the second the retreat of St. Leger from the siege of Fort Sehuyler.2
The American army in the mean time, under Gen. Gates, who had superseded Gen. Schuyler, advanced toward the enemy, and about the 1st of September took possession of and fortified the high bluffs known as Bemis Heights, upon the river, in the N. part of Stillwater.8 Greatly perplexed and embarrassed, Burgoyne finally coneluded to continue his march toward Albany. On the 14th of September he crossed the Hudson, above the mouth of the Batten Kil, into the N. part of Sara- toga, and continued his mareh southward. On the 19th the first battle of Stillwater was fought, in front of the American intrenchments at Bemis Heights. The American loss was 315 and the British 500, the former returning to their camp and the latter retaining possession of the battle field. On the 7th of October another severe battle was fought, in which the British lost 700 and the Americans 150. During the succeeding night the Britishi abandoned their camp and retreated northward, and finally took position upon the heights of Saratoga, just w. of the present village of Sehuylerville. Here Burgoyne found himself completely hemmed in. A victorious and hourly increasing army was in front; a strong detachment was posted on the E. bank of the river to pre- vent his crossing that stream; Fort Edward, in his rear, had been taken by the Americans; his bravest offieers had fallen in battle; Lord Howe had failed to afford the promised support from New York;" and his army was reduced to the last extremity for want of provisions. Under these circumstances, the British commander reluctantly yielded to an imperative necessity, and on the 16th of October signed articles of capitulation. On the 17th the whole British army laid down their arms and were marched eastward to Mass.5 The elose of this campaign left the co. stripped of nearly every evidence of eivilized occupation. The fear of continued Indian hostilities prevented the immediate re-occupation of the abandoned lands; but after the elose of the war settlements rapidly spread. Since this period few incidents of general interest have occurred, and the history is but the record of the everyday events connected with the conversion of a wilderness into fruitful fields and happy homes.
BALLSTON®-was formed from Saratoga as a distriet, April 1, 1775, and was organized as a town, Mareh 7, 1788. Charlton, Galway, and Milton were taken off in 1792, and the line of Charl-
1 This retreat was occasioned by the limited number of Schuy- ler's forces and the fact that the militia were every day flocking to bis standard. Burgoyne's progress was arrested by felling trees across the roads, breaking down bridges, and by every other possible means of annoyance. Every hour thus gained added to tho strength of the Americans and weakened the British forces; 80 that, when all the obstaclos were finally over- come, the American army was in a condition to meet the British in open battle.
2 Gen. St. Leger, at the head of a body of tories and Cana- dians. was to co-operate with Burgoyne by marching through the Mohawk Valley and joining the main army at Albany. At Oswego he was joined by a body of Indians under Brant, making bis force 1700 strong. On the 2d of Aug. he invested Fort Stan- wix, (where Rome, Oneida co., now stands,) and continued the siege until the 22d, when, learning that an American re-enforce- ment was approaching, he hastily retreated.
3 The fortifications of the American camp were erected under
the direction of Kosciusko, then holding the office of engineer in tho army. They were so constructed as to completely command the passage down the river. The position afterward chosen by the British was about I mi. distant, and separated from the American works by a deep ravine.
4 Instead of cooperating with Burgoyno and sending the pro- inised aid up the Hudson, Lord Howo had marched to Phils- delphia, leaving the British forces in N. Y. under the command of Sir Henry Clinton. Tho latter officer inade a diversion in Burgoyne's favor, but too late to be of any service.
5 The place where the British laid down their arms was a green on the river, N. of the mouth of Fish Creek. It was in front of Fort Hardy, an old fortification erected by Dieskau in 1755. The number of the army at the time of the surrender was 5,792, of whom 2,412 were Germans. The Americans also captured 42 brass cannon, 4.647 muskets, 6,000 dozen of car- tridges, and a large amount of carriages and camp equipages.
6 Named from Rev. Eliphalet Ball, one of the first settlers.
587
SARATOGA COUNTY.
ton was changed March 5, 1795. It lies upon the border of the co., s. w. of the center. The surface is gently rolling. Mourning Kil and the Outlet Creek are the principal streams. Ballston Lake, in the s. E. part, is a long, narrow, and deep body of water, the outlet of which is the principal inlet of Round Lake. The soil s. E. of the lake is generally a light sand, and N. w. it is a clayey and gravelly loam. Ballston (p. v.) is situated on the line of Milton. A small portion only of the village is within the limits of this town. Burnt Hills,1 (p. v.,) in the s. part, contains 42 dwellings. Ballston Center (p.o.) and Academy Hill, near the center, are hamlets. East Line, (p.o.,) on the border of Malta, contains 15 houses. It is a station on the R. & S. R. R. South Ballston is a p. o. The first settlement was made in 1763, by two brothers named Michael and Nicholas McDonald,2 who located near the w. bank of Ballston Lake. In 1770, Rev. Eliphalet Ball, with his three sons John, Stephen, and Flamen, and several members of his congregation, removed from Bedford, N. Y., and settled in the vicinity of Academy IIill.3 Soon after their arrival a large number of settlers came in from New England, N. J., Scotland, and the north of Ireland." The settlements in this town were twice invaded during the Revolu- tion, and several of the inhabitants were carried away prisoners to Canada.5 The first church (Presb.) was organized Oct. 6, 1792.6 There are 6 churches in town.
CHARLTON-was formed from Ballston, March 17, 1792. It is the s. w. corner town of the co. Its surface is undulating, with a gentle inclination toward the s. Its streams are the Aal- plaats and a branch of the Mourning Kil. The soil is an excellent quality of sandy, gravelly, and clayey loam. Ledges of limestone in the w. part, affording an excellent quality of building stone, are extensively quarried. CharIton, (p. v., ) in the s. E. part, contains 3 churches and 38 houses; West Charlton (p. v.) contains about 20 houses. The commissioners appointed to divide the Kayaderosseras Patent appropriated 5,000 acres in the s. part of this town to defray the expenses of the division. The first settlement was commenced in 1774, by Thos. Sweetman, who located in the E. part of the town.8 The first church (Presb.) was incorp. Dec. 11, 1792; Rev. Wm. Schenck was the first pastor.9
CLIFTON PARK-was formed from Half Moon, March 3, 1828, as " Clifton." Its name was changed March 31, 1829. The surface is level or undulating, except in the N. E., where it is broken by sand hills and ravines. A line of rugged clay bluffs borders upon the Mohawk Valley. Stony Creek, Swarte and Dwaas Kils are the principal streams. A belt of heavy clay and gravelly loam extends along the river above the bluffs. The soil is alluvial upon the Mohawk flats and a sandy loam in the central and N. parts. Clifton Park, (p. v.,) on the border of Half Moon, contains 2 churches and 22 houses; Amity, (Visschers Ferry p. o.,) a canal village in the s. part, contains 1 church and 45 houses; Jonesville, (p. v.,) in the N. part, 1 church, the Jonesville Academy,10 and 30 houses; and Rexfords Flats,11 (p. v.,) a canal village in the s. w. corner of the town, 25 houses. Grooms Corners, (p. o.,) in the s. w., Dry Dock, (p. o.,) in the .. E., and Forts Ferry, on the Mohawk, are hamlets. Part of this town was included in the 'Clifton Park" or "Shannondhoi" Patent, granted Sept. 23, 1708.12 Settlements were made in the
1 Named from a tract which had been burned over by the In- | and took 24 prisoners. After crossing the Kayaderosseras, Maj. diana for a deer pasture before white settlements began.
2 The McDonalds were natives of Ireland. They had been en- tired on board a vessel in the Shannon, brought to Philadelphia, and sold for a term of years to pay for their passage.
8 Mr. Ball was induced to settle by a donation of 500 acres of land from the proprietors of the "Five Mile Square." He was the pastor of the first religions society formed in town. Ilis father and Gen. Washington's mother (Mary Ball) were first consins. Ilis son, John, was a lieutenant in the army during the Revolution.
4 Among these early settlers were Judge Beriah Palmer. (after- ward M. C .. ) Judge Epenetus White, Edward A. Watrous, Capt. Stephen White. Paul Pierson, Capt. Tyrannus Collins, Ilez. Middlebrook, Elisha Benedict, John Highy, Edmund Jennings, Saml. Nash, and Joseph Bettys and his son "Joe," (who was afterward hung as a tory spy.) all from New England; Capt. Kenneth Gordon, and - McCrea, from N. J .; families nanied Shearer. MeDermids, and Frazers, from Scotland : and Gen. Jas. Gordon, George Scott. Francis Ifunter, and 3 brothers Kennedy, from the north of Ireland. The Scotch families settled in "Scotch Bush" and " Paisley Street." Gen Gordon was a colonel In the army during the Revolution, and afterward a prominent citizen in the town and co. The first death recorded by tomb- stone in town was that of Gen. Gordon's mother, who died in 1775. 5 On the 16th of Oct. 1780, a party of 400 regulars and Indians from Canada, under Maj. Munro, a tory from Schenectady, made their appearance in the Ballston settlement. They designed to attack Schenectady: but, after remaining encamped several days. they returned without effecting this object. They pil- laged and burned several houses at Ballston, killed one man,
Munro addressed his men, stating his expectation that they would be pursued, and directing that in case of an attack every prisoner should at once he killed. For this brutal order he was cashiered on his arrival at Montreal. Three aged or infirin prisoners were allowed to return, and the rest reached Bulwaggy Bay on the eighth day, whence they passed into Canada. The notorious Joe Bettys, with about 30 refugees, in May, 1781, captured 5 prisoners; and at the same time Judge White and 4 others were taken on the E. side of Long Lake, by another gang, and marched off to Canada. excepting one, who escaped. Col. Gordon and several others afterward escaped from the Isle of Orleans, and with great hardship made their way through the wilderness to the St. Jolins, and thenco to the settlements in Maine. They there learned of the peace, and returned home by way of Halifax and Boston.
6 2 Christian, Bap., Presh., Prot. E., and R. C.
7 Pronounced All-Ploss, and signifies "eel-place."
8 Among the other early settlers were David Maxwell. Joseph In Rue. John McKnight, John Taylor, and Jesse Conde, who came in 1775. Davis & Bostwick kept the first store; -- Har- mons the first inn, John Rogers built the first sawmill, and John Holmes the first gristmill.
" The census reporta 4 churches : 2 Presh., Prot. E., and M. E. 10 Established in 1841, by Roscins R. Kennedy. It is nnder the patronage of the Troy (M. E.) Conference.
11 At this place the canal crosses the river on a fine stone agneduct.
12 The patentees were John and Johannes Fort, Gerret and Maas Ryckse, John and Ryerse Quackenboss, aud Derick Bratt, most of whom were early settlers.
588
SARATOGA COUNTY.
Mohawk Valley, previous to 1700. The names of the first settlers and the precise date of their settlement are unknown. The first church (Bap.) was organized Sept. 3, 1794; Rev. Abijah Peck was the founder and first pastor.1
CORINTII-was formed from Hadley, April 20, 1818. A part of Moreau was annexed Jan. 28, 1848. It lics upon the Hudson, in the N. E. part of the co. The Kayaderosseras Mt. Range occupies the central and N. parts, and the Palmertown Mts. the s. E. corner. The declivities of these mountains are steep, rough, and broken, and their summits are rocky and mostly covered with forests. A valley 4 mi. wide separates the two ranges. The principal streams are the Hudson, forming the N. E. border, and Cole Brook, flowing along the s. foot of the mountains. The Great Falls, in the Hudson, are on the border of this town.2 Among the mountains in the N. part are scveral fine lakes, the principal of which are Efnor, Hunt, Jenny, and Black Lakes. The soil is a sandy and clayey loam. Lumbering is extensively carried on, the Hudson River and small streams from the hills furnishing an abundance of water-power. Jessups Landing, (Corinth p.o.,) on the Hudson, contains 3 churches and 88 dwellings; and South Corinth (p. v.) 1 church and 30 dwellings. The first settlement was made near S. Corinth, in 1790, by Fred. Parkman, Washington Chapman, Jeremiah Eddy, Jephtha Clark, and Jonathan Dewel.3 The first church (Bap.) was organized June 1, 1822.4
DAY-was formed from Edinburgh and Hadley, as " Concord," April 17, 1819. Its name was changed Dec. 3, 1827. It is the N. w. corner town of the co. Its surface is principally occupied by several spurs of the Kayaderosseras Mts. Oak and Bald Mts., the principal peaks, near the center of the town, are 900 feet above the river. The whole mountain region is wild, rugged, and rocky, and scarcely susceptible of cultivation. The Sacondaga River flows in a narrow valley through the s. part. Its course is tortuous, and it is navigable through the town. Paul, Glass House, and Allens Creeks are the other principal streams. Livingston, Sand, and Mud Lakes are small bodies of water in the N. part. The soil is a moderately fertile, sandy and clayey loam. Lumbering is extensively carried on. Huntsville (West Day p. o.) is a hamlet in the s. w. part. Day is a p.o. The first permanent settlers were Phineas Austin, James Thomas, and Dyer Perry, and families named Clay and Bond. The first religious meetings were held in the barn of Peter Van Vleck, in 1801-02. The first church (Bap.) was formed in 1809. The census reports 2 churches; Christian and Ref. Prot. D.
EDINBURGHI-was formed from Providence, March 13, 1801, as " Northfield," and its name was changed April 6, 1808. A part of Day was taken off in 1819. It lies upon the w. border of the co., N. of the center. Its surface is principally occupied by two high mountain ridges separated by the valley of the Sacondaga River. The mountain regions arc rocky and broken, with a thin, sandy or gravelly soil, and are covered with forests. Beechers Creek is a small mill stream w. of the river. The soil on the river flats is a good quality of clayey and gravelly loam. Lumbering is the chief occupation of the people. Batchelerville, (p.v.,) on the E. bank of the Sacondaga, contains 30 houses; and Beechers Hollow, (Edinburgh p. o.,) on the w. side of the river, 12. The first settlers came in about 1790 and located in the valley below "Fish House."5 The first church (Bap.) was organized in 1798, by Rev. Mr. Munroe, from Galway.6 Traces of an ancient Indian burial place are visible on the s. bank of the Sacondaga, near the border of Day.7
GALWAY8-was formed from Ballston, March 7, 1792. Providence was taken off in 1796. It lies on the w. border of the co., s. of the center. Its N. half is occupied by a group of rounded hills forming the southern continuation of the Kayaderosscras Mts. The surface of the s. half is gently undulating. The principal streams are head branches of Feegowesee and Calderwood Crecks and the Mourning Kil. The soil is generally a heavy clay, intermixed in places with sand and gravel. Galway, (p.v.,) near the center of the town, was incorp. April 18, 1838. It contains 3 churches, a female seminary,9 and about 45 houses; West Galway, (p.v.,) on the border of Fulton co., contains 1 church and 20 houses. Yorks Corners, (E. Galway p. o.,) in the N. E.
1 The census reports 6 churches ; 4 M. E., Bap., Ref. Prot. D. 2 See description of Warren co., page 675.
8 Among the early settlers were Daniel Boardman and Ste- phen and Win. Brayton, at Jessups Landing; Elial Lindsay, at Great Falls; and Ambrose Clothier, in the s. E. part of the town, in 1796. Stephen Ashley kept the first inn, about 1800; and Daniel Boardman kept the first store and built the first grist- mill. about 1793.
4 There are 3 churches in town: Bap., Presb., M. E.
6 In 1791 the following persons were living in the valley, viz .: Moses Crane, Jacobis Filkins, Daniel Washburn, John Sumner,
[ Obadiah Perry, and Saml. Rogers. Daniel Abbott, from Conn., taught the first school, in 1794; - Chatfield kept the first store, in 1796; Taaac Denting built the first gristutill, in 1793; and Palmer Munroe, the first woolen factory, in 1808.
6 The census reports 3 churches; 2 M. E., Presb.
7 Tradition says that a band of Canadian Indians in canoes, on an expedition against the Mohawks, at this place fell into an ambuscade and were all slain. Bullets are frequently cut out of the trees in this vicinity.
8 Named from the native place of the first Scotch settlers. 9 The Galway Academy.
589
SARATOGA COUNTY.
·
part, Mosherville, (p.o.,) near the N. border, Whiteside Corners, (p.o.,) in the N. W., South Galway (p.o.) and North Galway (p.o.) are hamlets. The first settlers, from Galway, Scotland, located in town in 1774.1 Rev. Simeon Smith, from Canterhook, came in town in 1778, and located near Yorks Corners." He formed the first religious society (Bap.) during the following year.3
GREENFIELD-was formed from Saratoga and Milton, March 12, 1793. A part of Hadley was taken off in 1801. It occupies a position a little N. w. of the center of the co. The Palmerstown Mountain Range extends along the E. border, and the Kayaderosseras Range occupies the w. part of the town. A valley 6 mi. wide separates these ranges. The principal streams arc the Kaya- derosseras and its branches. The soil is generally a gravelly loam intermixed with clay. Sections of the surface are very stony. Iron ore has been found in the E. part. Greenfield Center (p. v.) contains 2 churches. Pop. 85. Jamesville, (Middle Grove p.o.,) on the s. border, con- tains 1 church, 2 paper mills, and 31 houses; Mount Pleasant, (p. v.,) in the N. w. corner, a glass factory and 140 inhabitants; and Porters Corners, (p. v.,) near the center of the town, 2 churches and 20 houses. West Greenfield, (p.o.,) North Greenfield, (p.o.,) and Pages Corners are hamlets. The first settlers were two men named Haggerty and Root, who located near Haggerty Hill in 1784." The census reports 9 churches in town.5
HADLEY-was formed from Greenfield and Northumberland, Feb. 27, 1801. Its boundaries werc amended Feb. 28, 1808. Corinth was taken off in 1818, and a part of Day in 1819. It lies upon the Hudson, in the N. E. corner of the co. A large share of its surface is occupied by the peaks and ridges of the Kayaderosseras Mts. Mt. Anthony is an isolated peak in the s. E. part.6 Saeondaga River flows through the s. part. Its valley is narrow; and below Conklingville its current is rapid and frequently interrupted by falls. The soil generally is a coarse, yellowish, un- productive sand and gravel. Lumbering and tanning are extensively carried on. Conkling- ville, (West Hadley p.o.,) on the Sacondaga, in the w. part of the town, contains 1 church, a large tannery,7 and 39 houses. Hadley (p.o.) is a hamlet at the junetion of Saeondaga and Hudson Rivers. Richard Hilton commeneed the first settlement, just after the elose of the Revolu tion, on the IIudson.8 The census reports 2 churches in town; a F. W. Bap. and a Wes. Mcth.
HALF MOON'-was formed as a district, March 24, 1772, and as a town, March 7, 1788. Its name was changed to " Orange" April 17, 1816, and the original name was restored Jan. 16, 1820. Waterford was taken off in 1816, and Clifton Park in 1828. Its surface is undulating and broken by the narrow ravines of small streams. Hudson River forms the E. boundary, and the Mohawk a portion of the s. The river intervales arc about } mi. wide, and arc bordered by a line of steep, clay bluffs 60 to 100 feet high. The other streams are Anthonys, Dwaas, and Stcena Kils. The soil is a clayey and gravelly loam upland, and a fine quality of alluvium in the intervales. Crescent10 (p. v.) is a canal village near the center of the s. border of the town. Pop. 593. Middletown, (Half Moon p. o., ) 12 mi. E. of Crcseent, has a pop. of 230; Mechanicsville, (p. v., ) at the mouth of Anthonys Kil, lies mostly in Stillwater. Pop. in Half Moon, 495. Clif- ton Park (p. v.) is on the w. line. Newtown, Smithtown, and Grays Corners arc hamlets. The first settlements are supposed to have been made between 1680 and '90, by Germans, on the Mohawk Flats.11 The first church (Ref. Prot. D.) was organized in 1800.12
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