USA > New York > Gazetteer of the State of New York: embracing a comprehensive view of the geography, geology, and general history of the State, and a complete history and description of every county, city, town, village, and locality, Part 2 > Part 53
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ORANGETOWN-was forined March 7, 1788, and was named from Orange co., of which it then formed a part. It lies upon the Hudson, in the s. angle of the co. Its surface is broken by abrupt and rocky hills in the E. ; but in the center and w. it spreads out into a rolling or moderately hilly region. The Nyack Hills, extending along the river, are 300 to 500 feet high, with steep, rocky deelivities upon the E., but more gradual slopes upon the w.6 Their summits are roeky and covered with a light growth of forest trees. Snake Hill, in the N. E. corner, upon the line of Clarks- town, is one of the principal peaks. The principal stream is Hackensack River, flowing s. through the w. part. Pascasck Creek flows through the extreme w. angle, and Spar Kil is a tributary of the Hudson. Near the N. line are several bog or peat meadows, generally well drained and under cultivation. The red sandstone which crops out on the E. declivities of the hills, within a few rods of the river, between Piermont and Nyack, is extensively quarried and exported for building stone." The soil is a reddish, sandy loam intermixed with clay. Fruit growing and furnishing milk for the New York market have become leading pursuits. Nyack, (p. v.,) upon the Hudson, in the N. E. corner of the town, contains 5 churches, 5 shoe manufactories,8 a steam tub and pail factory," the Rockland Female Institute,10 and a private academy.11 Pop. 1,458. Piermont,12 (p. v.,) upon the Hudson, in the s. part, was incorp. May 21, 1850. It is the E. terminus of the Piermont Branch of the N. Y. & Erie R. R.,-the one over which the freight is carried. Nearly the whole business of the place is connected with the R. R. establishment. A pier 1 mi. long has been built into the river, where the freight is transferred to and froin the cars and barges in the river. Upon each end of the pier are extensive offices for the transaction of the busi- ness of the road. At this place the R. R. co. also have a large iron foundry and extensive repair shops. Pop. 2,204. Tappantown, 13 (p. v.,) near the N. J. line, contains 2 churches and 30 dwellings. This place was the scene of the trial of Andre, and for a time in 1780 was the head- quarters of Gen. Washington.14 Rockland, (Palisades p. o.,) upon the Hudson, in the s. part
1 The Haverstraw Mountain Institute, a private institution, was established in 1853. It employs 2 teachers, and has an average of 40 pupils.
2 This company have 40 limekilns, and manufacture 100,000 bush. of lime annually, giving employment to 100 men. The lime is sent s. and is used for agricultural purposes.
3 This establishment, incorp. in 1853, with a capital of $100,000, gives employment to 220 hands, and turns out goods to the amount of $700,000 per annum.
4 This place is just below the Highlands, and opposite Peeks- kill, with which it is connected by a steam ferry. The day line of steamers between New York and Albany land here. About 15 years since, a company was formed for raising an old wreck at this place, said to be one of the pirate Kidd's vessels laden with treasure! A coffer dam was built, machinery erected, and immense sums were expended in this insane project, -- which, it is needless to add. resulted in nothing but a total loss to all concerned. 6 4 M. E., 3 Presb., 2 Prot. E., Af. Meth., and R. C. 6 The valley of Spar Kil forins a break in these hills, through which the Piermont Branch of the Erie R. R. is con- structed. In the hill just N. of Piermont is an opening in the rocks, supposed by sonte to be the shaft of an ancient mine and by otliers to be a natural cave. It is divided into 2 passages, one extending 70 feet w. s. w. and the other 40 to 50 feet w. by N. The passage is very irregular, 4 to 6 feet in width and 3 to 9 feet high. At the extremity of the longer passage is an im- mense spring of clear. cold water.
7 The State House at Albany was built of this stone.
8 The manufacture of women's and children's shoes at this place is an extensive business. It gives employment to about 600 hands in the vicinity, and 30 sewing machines are kept in constant operation. Goods to the autount of $225,000 are annu- ally produced.
9 This factory employs 30 hands, and produces $60,000 worth of goods annually.
10 This institution is beautifully located upon a lot of 10 acres, upon the bank of the IIudson, in the s. part of the village. It is supplied with pure spring water from the mountain, is heated with furnaces and lighted with gas. It has accommodations for 100 boarding pupils. The institution owes ity origin to the late Simon V. Sickles, of Nyack, who gave $25,000 toward the erection of the building.
11 The Nyack Classical School and Commercial Academy, in- tended to prepare young men for college and commercial pur- suits, has recently been established.
12 Name derived from the Pier built by the R. R. company and the mountain in rear of the village.
13 According to Heckewelder, Tappan is from the language of the Delawares, and derived from Thuphane or Tuphaune, "Cold Stream." -- Moulton and Yates's Hist. N. Y.
14 The house occupied by Gen. Washington, still standing, is owned and occupied by Dr. Smith. It is & stone house, and is said to have been erected in 1700. The house in which André was confined during his trial is now kept as a tavern, under the name of "The Old '76 Ilouse." The trial was held in the old Ref. Prot. D. Church. The scene of Andre's execution and burial was upon an eminence & mi. w. of the village, and about 20 rods front the N. J. line. In Ang. 1831, his remains were disiuterred, under the superintendence of Mr. Buchanan, British Consul at New York, and taken to England. A small cedar tree that stood by the grave was also taken away, and a box was afterward made from its wood, lined with gold, and sent to Rev. Mr. Demarest, of Tappantown, in acknowledgment of the ser- vices rendered by him at the disinterinent. On the box was the following inscription :- " From his Royal Highness the Duke of York to the Rev. Mr. Demarest." No monument now remains to mark the spot of the execution or the grave. A boulder was formerly placed to mark the spot; but this has been broken up und removed.
571
ROCKLAND COUNTY.
of the town, contains 3 churches and 40 dwellings.1 Orange Mills, Middletown, and Blauveltville, (p. o.,) a station on the N. Y. & E. R. R., are hamlets. The first settlement is supposed to have been made by the Dutch, as early as 1680.2 The first church (Ref. Prot. D.) was formed Oct. 24, 1694; and the first preacher was Rev. Guilliam Bartholf.3 The first church cdifice was erected in 1716. There are 16 churches in town."
RAMAPO-was formed from Haverstraw, March 18, 1791, as " New Hampstead." Its name was changed to "Hampstead" March 3, 1797, and to Ramapo in 1828. It is the most westerly town in the co. The Ramapo or Blue Mts. extend N. E. and s. w. through the w. part." They are stcep and roeky, and the valleys between them are deep and narrow. Ranges of rounded and arable hills extend through the s. E. half of the town and occupy the greater part of its surface. The principal streams are Ramapo River, flowing s. through the w. corner, and its tributaries Maway River and Stony Creek. Niggar and Shepard Ponds, on the line of N. J., in the s. w. angle, are small bodies of water. The people are principally employed in raising vegetables for the New York market. Ramapo, (Ramapo Works p. o.,) a station on the N. Y. & E. R. R., in the w. part of the town, contains I church, several manufactorics, and 50 dwellings.6 Sufferns, (p. v.,) near the line of N. J., in the w. part, contains a rolling mill and 20 dwellings. It lies at the junction of the two branches of the Erie R. R., and is an important station. Sloatsburgh, (p. v.,) on the Erie R. R., in the extreme w. part, contains a church, cotton twine factory,7 hoe factory, and 180 inhabitants. Spring Valley, (p. v.,) on the Piermont Branch of the Erie R. R., contains a church and 18 dwellings. Mechanicsville, near the center of the town, contains a church and 15 dwellings. Furmanville and Monsey Depot (Monsey p. o.) are hamlets. The first church (Ref. Prot. D.) was formed near the center of the town, Dec. 4, 1774; Rev. Peter Leyt was the first preacher.8
Acres of Land, Valuation, Population, Dwellings, Families, Freeholders, Schools, Live Stock, Agricultural Products, and Domestic Manufactures, of Rockland County.
ACRES OF LAND.
VALUATION OF 1858.
POPULATION.
SCHOOLS.
NAMES OP TOWNS.
Improred.
Unimproved.
Real Estate.
Personal
Property.
Males.
Females.
No. of Dwellings.
No. of Families.
Freeholders.
No. of Districts.
Children
taught.
Clarkstown
15,90%↓
16.742}
$1,147,673
$227.358
$1,375,061
1,831
643
743 1,263 1.210
348
13
2,386
Orangetown.
9,922
3,184
1,692,158
74.950 372.994
894,055 2,065,152
2,895
986
568
7
2,012
Ramapo.
13,505}
16,445
896,417
303,300
1,199,717
1,723
1,691
585
644
400
12
1,477
Total.
46,481}
50,852} $4,555,353 $978,632
$5,533,985
10,155
9,356
3,188
3,860
1,814
41
6,995
.
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS.
BUSH. OF GRAIN.
NAMES OF TOWNS.
Horses.
Working
Oren and
Calves.
Cows.
Sheep.
Do Steine.
Winter.
Spring.
Tons of Hay.
Bushels of
Potatoes.
Bushels of
Pounds
Butter.
Pounds Cheese.
Domestic
Manufactures, in Yards.
Clark-town ..
677
850
1.111
97
876
11.582
30,478
4.824₺
7,9564
1,015
llaverstraw
1,873
499
1,647
4
483
4.3874
9,251
2.585
3,974
65
80,033 40,070
Orangetown
418
350
732
82
515
6.055
17.384
3,218
11.726
388
35,328
Ramapo
747
791
1,218
743
1.311
12,521₴
31,7821
4.205₺
23,567
1.785
110,575
Total.
3,715 2,490
4,708
926
3,185. 34,5462
88,895 14.828
47,2231
3,253
266,006
2.500
1 Locally known as "Snedens Landing."
2 Among the early settlers were families named Auriancey, Ilarring, Blauvelt, Van llouton, and Tallman. These names appear upon the records of the church in 1694. The first bap- tism on record was that of Derick, (Richard,) son of Cornelius Cooper and Elsie Bogert, his wife, Ort. 13, 1696; and the first marriage, that of Marinus William Flousse Crom and Gertrude Feinsse Van Hlouton, in 1699. The first school was taught by Ilerinanus Van lluysen, from Holland, soon after the first or- ganization of the church. The first inn 18 believed to have been kept by Casparus Maybee, in the "Old '76 House," now occupied for the same purpose. Abram Maybee built the first mill: his Bon. Cornelius Maybee, owned it during the Revolution, but, expousing the cause of the British, his property was confiscated. 3 A tract of 55 acres was originally donated to this church ; Unt at different times all but 14 or 15 acres have been sold. The records of the church during the Revolution, kept in a
small book by the pastor, Rev. Mr. Verbryck, for convenience in carrying when obliged to move from place to place, liave been lost.
4 Ref. Prot. D., Presb., M. E., Af. Meth. and Bap. at Nyack ; Prot. E., Ref. Prot. D., M. E., Bap., and R. C. at Piermont; Ref. l'rot. D. and M. E. at Tappantown; Bap. at Middletown; and 3 M. E. at Rockland.
5 Cedar Ilill and Table Rock, in the w., Horsepond Mts. and Pine Hill, in the N. w., and lligh Mt., on the line of N. J., are the highest points, and are 500 to 700 feet above tide.
6 These establishments, consisting of a cotton factory, file fac- tory, steel works, and car works, are all idle, and only 10 dwell- ings are occupied. The whole village is rapidly going to deray. 7 This factory, incorp. in 1854, with a capital of $100,000, gives employment to 150 hands.
8 There are 7 churches in town; 4 M. E., and 3 Ref. Prot. D.
498
9
1,120
Haverstraw ..
7,151
14,481
819,105
3,706
1,681 3.041 2,943
974
Apples.
2,500
-
LIVE STOCK.
DAIRY PRODUCTS.
ST. LAWRENCE COUNTY.
COUN
THIS county was formed from Clinton and parts of Montgomery and Herkimer, March 3, 1802.1 It contains an area of 2,880 sq. mi., and is the largest co. in the State. It is centrally distant 140 mi. from Albany. The surface is broken by a series of parallel ridges extending in a N. E. and s. w. direction, and gradually declining in height from the summits, about 1000 ft. above tide, on the s. border, to the level of the banks of St. Lawrence. The highest summits, in the s. E., are about 2000 ft. above tide. The declivities of the ridges are usually gradual slopes, giving to the surface a rolling character, ehanging from gentle undulations along the river to a hilly and almost mountainous eharacter in the s. E.
The principal streams are the Indian, Oswegatchie, Grass, Racket, St. Regis, and Deer Rivers.2 These streams all have their rise upon the highlands, which occupy the center of the great northern wilderness, flow for a considerable distance in a N. w. direction, and most of them gradually bend toward the N. E. and finally traverse the greater part of the eo. nearly parallel to the St. Lawrence. They all are frequently interrupted by rapids and cascades in their upper and middle course, but as they approach the St. Lawrence they become sluggish ; and most of them are navigable for short distances from their mouths.8 The southern and central parts of the co. are thus abundantly supplied with water-power. In the s. part are numerous small lakes, the principal of which is Cranberry Lake. Long Lake, the largest body of water in the co., lies along the course of Indian River, near its junction with the Oswegatchie.
The geological formation of the co. is very simple. The whole eentral and southern portions are underlaid by the primitive formation, consisting of gneiss and white limestone." The northern ex- tremity of this formation may be readily traced, by a line commencing upon the border of Jeffer- son co., about 2 mi. w. of the Ox Bow, thence extending northerly to ncar the center of the s. shore of Black Lake, thence bending toward the E., and extending to the E. border of the co. on the N. line of Ilopkinton. A belt of country 5 to 10 mi. wide, N. of the primitive region and parallel to it, is underlaid by Potsdam sandstonc; and the remainder of the co., comprising a belt 3 to 20 mi. wide bordering upon the St. Lawrence, is underlaid by the caleiferous sandrock. The primitive portion of the co. is generally elevated and considerably broken. Its soil is light and sandy; and in some parts are extensive sand plains, entirely unfit for agricultural purposes. A considerable portion of the co. is covered with drift deposits, which go far to neutralize the effect of the underlying rock upon the character of the soil. In this region the intervalcs along the streams are usually fertile ; but the whole is best adapted to grazing. Magnetic iron ores abound in the s. part ; but they have never been examined or worked to any considerable extent, owing to their remoteness from settlements.5 In Rossie rich veins of lead have been found and extensively worked ;6 and the rich specular iron ore found along the w. border of the co. and in the adja- cent portions of Jefferson, lies between the gneiss and sandstone.7 The sandstone region is level or gently undulating, broken in some places by disrupted masses of the underlying rock. In this region are numerous quarries, from which are obtained sheets of sandstonc of 2 inches to a foot in thickness and of almost any desirable size. This stone acquires hardness by exposure and is indestructible by atmospheric agencies. The soil in this region is usually thin, but fertile, and is derived principally from drift. The caleiferous sandstone region commences as a narrow strip on the St. Lawrence, in the N. part of Hammond, and continually widens to the E. border of the co. The soil, consisting of drift and marine clay, is usually very productive.
1 This co. included the " Ten Towns ;" and Great Tracts Nos. II | are liable to a sudden reversal of their currents near their and III of Macomb's Purchase were provisionally annexed, and now forin part of the co.
2 These streams are known to the St. Regis Indians by the following names :- Indiau. O-tsi-kwa-ke, "where the ash tree grows with knobs:" Oswegatchie. a Huron word, said to signify " black water;" Grass, Ni-kent-si-a-ke, "full of large fishes:" Racket, Ni-lia-na-wa-te, "racket, or noisy river ;" St. Regis, Ak- wis-sas-ne. " where the partridge drums;" Deer, Oie-ka-rout-ne, " Trout River."
& In severe cold weather the tributaries of the St. Lawrence 572
mouths, from the damming up of that stream by ice: the streams in consequence overflow the lowlands, making the maintenance of fences and bridges impossible.
4 This region is remarkable for the variety and beauty of its minerals, of which 60 species are found .- Hough's Hist. St. Low- rence and Franklin Cos., p. 684.
6 The Clifton Mine in Pierrepont has furnished 1,500 tons of 6 See p. 582.
iron.
7 In the town of Pierrepont a substance used for red paint has been found in the same relative geological position.
573
ST. LAWRENCE COUNTY.
Dairying and stock raising are the branches of agriculture most extensively pursued.1 Grain is also cultivated to some extent.2 Fruits are not extensively cultivated. Manufactures, consisting of iron, castings, lead, " lumber,6 and articles of wood,6 are carried on. Commerce to some extent is carried on by means of the St. Lawrence and the various railways.
The chief works of internal improvement in the co. are the Ogdensburgh R. R., extending from Ogdensburgh to Rouses Point, on Lake Champlain;" the Potsdam & Watertown R. R.,8 forming a connection with the O. R. R. on the N. and with the W. & R. R. R. and N. Y. Central on the s. Improvements have been made by the State in the navigation of several of the rivers, for the pur pose of floating down logs from the s. forests.º Daily lines of steamboats connect Ogdensburgh and other points on the river with Montreal and with the various ports on Lake Ontario.
The county seat is located at the village of Canton,10 on the P. & W. R. R., 18 mi. s. E. of Ogdens- burgh. The courthouse, jail,11 and clerk's office are in separate buildings, situated adjacent to each other. The co. poorhouse is situated on a farm of 130 acres 1 mi. w. of Canton Village.12
Six newspapers are now published in the co .; 3 at Ogdensburgh, 2 at Potsdam, and 1 at Canton.13
1 This co. stands first in the State in the valne of its stock, amount of pasturage and meadow, and among the first in the amount annually produced of spring wheat, potatoes, peas, and maple sngar.
" The marine clay deposits produce fine crops of winter wheat. " Furnaces are or have recently been in operation at Rossie, Wegatchie, Fullersville, and Brasher Iron Works. The supply of ore is inexhanstible, and large quantities of iron are annually made.
4 The Rossie Lead Mines are now worked by an English com- pany. Lead has also been found in several other localities in the co. 6 The principal Inmber operations are carried on on the Racket River. Since 1851, 10 gang sawmills have been built within 17 mi. In 1855 it was estimated that 120,000 logs were worked up. 6 Consisting of shingles, staves, lath, heading, boxes, doors, sash and blinds.
7 Opened to Ogdensburgh Oct. 1, 1850.
8 Opened through the co. Ang. 23, 1855.
9 These improvements have been made on the Indian, Oswe- gatchie, Racket, and Grass Rivers.
10 The county seat was first located at Ogdensburgh, bnt was removed to Canton in 1828. The first courts were held in the stone barracks, w. of the Oswegatchie ; and a bomb-proof maga- tine adjacent was used for a jail. The first courthouse stood on the site recently purchased by Government for a customhouse. The first co. officers were Nathan Ford, First Judge; Alex. Turner and Joseph Edsall, Judges ; Stillman Foote and John Tibbetts, Assist. Justices ; Thos. J. Davies, Sheriff; Lewis Ilasbronck, Co. Clerk; and Matthew Perkins, Surrogate. The present court- honse was located by Joseph Grant, Geo. Brayton, and John E. Hinman, commissioners from Oneida co .; and the buildings were erected under the supervision of Ansel Bailey, David C. Judson, and Asa Sprague, jr. The records of the supervisors previous to 1814 were lost in a fire at Ogdensburgh in 1839.
11 The jall Is a miserable building, poorly adapted to the pur- poses for which it was srected.
12 This institution yields an annnal revenue of about $1,000. The average number of inmates is about 150. The supplies are furnished by contract. The poorhouse is deficient in necessary conveniences for the health and comfort of Its inmates.
18 At Ogdensburgh the following papers have been published : The Palladium was hegun in 1810 by Kip & Strong, sold in 1812 to John P. Sheldon, and continued to 1814.
The St. Lawrence Gazette was begun in 1815 by D. R. Strachan and P. B. Fairchild. In 1830 it was bought by Preston King, and nnited with
The St. Lawrence Republican, removed to this place from Canton, and continned hy him till 1833. It was afterward published hy Hitchcock, Tillotson & Still- well, and is now published by James & Hopkins.
The Northern Light was begun July 7, 1831, by W. B. Rogers, as an anti-masonic organ. In 1834 A. B. James became its publisher, and changed it to
The Times; and at the end of the 4th volume it was enlarged, and called
The Ogdensburgh Times. In 1837 Dr. A. Tyler became associated with James, and the title was changed to
The Times and Advertiser. In March, 1844, it was transferred to II. G. Foote and S. B. Seeley, and changed to
The Frontier Sentinel. In June, 1847, Mr. Foote changed it to The Ogdensburgh Sentinel, under which name it was published by Stillman Foote until 1858, when it was merged in the Daily Journal.
The. Meteorological Register was commenced, and a few numbers issued, in 1839; edited by Jas. H. Coffin, now Viee-Pres. of Lafayette Coll., Kaston, l'enn.
The Ogdensburgh Forum was begun April 24, 1848, by A. Tyler, and discontinued in 1851.
The Daily Sentinel was started April 14, 1848, by S. Foote, and published for 6 months.
The St. Lawrence Budget, a etnall semi-mo. advertising sheet, was issned from The Sentinel office in 1850-51.
The Daily Morning News was begun in March, 1852, by Wm. N Oswell, publisher, and Fayette Robinson, editor.
The Weekly News was issued from the same office iu Sept. 1852. Both were discontinned in the Dec. following.
The St. Lawrence American was begun Mareh 1, 1855. by Win. Yeaton and E. M. Holbrook, and continued 3 years.
The Boys' Daily Journal was begun May 1, 1855, by H. R. James, J. W. Hopkins, and C. Foster. As lads belonging to the Ogdenshurgh Academy, they had previously issued the Morning Glory and Young Atnerica. In 1857 Foster withdrew, and the name was changed to
The Daily Journal ; the paper is still issued.
The Weekly Journal is made up from the daily. Neither of the publishers is of ags (1858.)
The St. Lawrence Democrat was commenced at Can- ton in the fall of 1855 by H. C. Simpson ; and was after- ward continued at that place by Johu F. Ames. It is published by Abbott & O'Brien.
At Potsdam the following have been issued :-
The Potsdam Gazette was begun Jan. 13, 1816, by F. C. Powell, and continued till April, 1823.
The Potsdam American was commenced by F. C. Powell iu Jan. 1824, from the old Gazette press, and was continued by Powell & Reddington till April, 1829. lu May of the saine year it was revived as
The Herald, and published as an anti-masonic organ till Aug.
The St. Lawrence Republican was hegun in 1826 by W. II. Wyman, and removed to Canton in 1827.
The Day Star was published 6 months in 1827 by Jonathan Wallace.
The Patriot was commenced in April, 183-, by Wu. Hughes, and published one year.
The Northern Cabinet was removed from Canton in 1845; and from the same office was issued
The Repository in 1846, semi-mo., made up of the literary matter of The Cabinet. This latter was sold to Win. L. Knowles, and changed to
The St. Lawrence Mercury in 1848. W. II. Wallace became pro- prietor in 1850; and H. C. Fay in 1851, who ehauged it to
The St. Lawrence Journal. It was continued till July, 1852, when it was united with The Courier.
The Potsdam Courier was begun in 1851 by V. Ilarrington, and continued till July, 1852, when it was united with The Journal, and isaned &8
The Potsdam Courier and Journal was removed to Canton in 1859, and is now published by H. C. Fay & Brother.
The Philomathean was begun in 1852, and a few numbers were issued hy students of the St. Lawrence Academy.
The Elementary Republican was begun in 1852, and a few num- bers issned from The Journal office.
The Northern Freeman, removed from Gouverneur in 1856, is still published by Doty & Baker.
The Evangelical Herald, ino., was begun in 1856 by Jos. A. Livingston. Printed part of the time at North- field, Vt. Now published at Boston and Potsdam.
At Canton the following have been published :--
The Canton Advertiser and St. Lawrence Republican, removed from Potsdam iu 1827, was published here by Preston King till 1830, when it was removed to Ogdensburgh.
The Northern Telegraph was begun in 1832 by C. C. Bill. It Was soon sold to Orlando Squires. and changed to The Canton Democrat, and continued a short time.
The Luminary of the North, begun in July, 1834, was published a short time.
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