USA > New York > Gazetteer of the State of New York: embracing a comprehensive view of the geography, geology, and general history of the State, and a complete history and description of every county, city, town, village, and locality, Part 2 > Part 40
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The Oswego Canal, connecting Lake Ontario with the Erie Canal at Syracuse, is 38 mi. long, and for most of the distance is formed by the slackwater navigation of Oswego River. Oneida Lake and River also form a part of the internal navigable waters of the State, connecting with the Oswego Canal at Three River Point and with the Erie Canal at Higginsville. The Oswego & Syracuse R. R. con- neets with the New York Central R. R. at Syracuse. The Watertown & Rome R. R. enters the eo. in the N. E. eorner, and passes through Williamstown, Albion, Richland, and Sandy Creek.
This co. is divided into two jury districts,3 the courts being held respectively at Pulaski Village and Oswego City.+ At the former place a brick building, including a courthouse and jail, was ereeted in 1820, and at the latter a wood courthouse about the same time.3 A stone jail was erected in the city in 1850, and a fireproof co. elerk's office in 1851.6 The co. poorhouse is located upon a farm of 60 acres in the town of Mexico. It is an old building, and is poorly adapted to its purpose. The average number of inmates is about 50. An asylum for insane paupers is in process of erection adjacent to the poorhouse. The Oswego Orphan Asylum, located at Oswego City, is in part a co. institution. All the children of the inmates of the poorhouse between the ages of 4 and 6 years are supported at the Orphan Asylum at the co. expense.7
Two daily and 6 weekly papers are published in the co.8
1 The first settlers of the co. were principally engaged in the | The Oswego Gazette and Advertiser. In 1828 it was sold to Wm. manufacture of lumber and potash. Wheat was once a staple C. Shope, who published it as production; but since the commencement of the ravages of the midge it has given place to the coarser grains.
2 Barrels to the amount of 1.500.000 are annually manufac- tured for the Oswego flour mills and the Syracuse salt works. 3 The castern district comprises the towns of Albion. Amboy, Constantia, Hastings. Mexico, New Haven, Orwell. Parish. Red- field, Richland. Sandy Creek. West Monroe, and Willinnstown; und the western, the towns of Granby. Hannibal, Oswego, Pa- lermo, Schroeppel. Seriba, Volney, and the city of Oswego.
4 Parley Keves and Ethel Bronson. of Jefferson co., and Ste- phen Bates, of Ontario, were appointed commissioners to locate the county seats and select the sites for the county buildings. The first co. officers, appointed by the Governor and council, were Barnet Mooney, First Judge ; Henry Williams, Smith Dun- lap, Peter D. Hugunin. David Easton, and Daniel Hawks. jr., Julges and Justices; Edmund Hawks, Judge; Elias Brewster, Surrogate: James Adams, Ch. Clerk : and John S. Davis, Sheriff. The first courts were held in schoolhouses from the first organ- ization of the co., in 1816, to the completion of the courthouses, in 1820-21.
5 The city soon ontgrew the first courthouse, and the courts for many years were held in the city hall. They are now held in Mead's Hall, on E. Bridge St. The old courthouse for several years was used as a schoolhouse; but recently it has been re- moved. and converted into a Sunday school chapel for the Church of the Evangelists, where 500 chiblren receive religions instruc- tion. At their last annual meeting the Board of Supervisors authorized the raising and appropriated $30,000 for the erection of a new courthouse in the city, on the E. public square: and the building is now being constructed of Onondaga limestone.
" Previous to this time the clerk's office was kept alternately in private honses at each of the shire towns for periods of 3 years. the books being carried back and forth at the end of cach period.
T See page 524.
8 The American Farmer, the first newspaper of the co., was issued at Oswego some time before 1807.
The Oswego Gazette was started at Oswego in 1817 by A. Buckin- ham, and continued 2 years.
The Osmeno Palladium was commenced by Jolin H. Lord and Dorephins Abbey in 1819. It subsequently passe into the hands of Mr. Lord, and was continued by him until 1:50. John Carpenter then became the proprietor, and changed its name to
The Oswego Palladium and Republican Chronicle, and continued it until 1845. when it was sold to B. Brockway, who again changed it to
The Oswego Palladinm. In 1851 he transferred it to a company. by whom it was cold in 1853 to Dudley Farling. the present editor, who sold his interest, in July, 1854. to T. P. Ottowav. the present publisher.
The Oswego Daily Palladium has been issued in connection with the weekly cine 1850.
The Oswego Republican was established March 22, 1825, by Wni. W. Abbey. In 1827 it passed into the hands of Samuel Osgood, and was issued a short time as
The Oswego Advertiser until 1829. It then passed into the hands of the late Dr. Burdell, of Cunningham notoriety, who changed its naine to
The Frerman's Herald. and continued it 1 year. It was theL suspended for 2 years, and revived in 1832 by John Q. Adams, by whom it was published as
The National Republican 1 year, and was then discontinued. The Osworgo Democratic Gazette was published a short time in 1830 by Jamies Cochran.
The Oswego Free Press was published by Richard Oliphant from 1830 until 1834, and by Geo. G. Foster as
The Oswego Democrat until 1835, when it was discontinued.
The Oswego Observer was started in Feb 1835, by Bailey & Hawks, and continued until the latter part of 1836. The Commercial Herald was published at Oswego by Hull & Henry from 1837 to 1843.
The Oswego Patriot was published at Oswego during the Patriot War of 1838-39 by John Banner and John Cochran, member of the 35th and 36th Congress from the 6th district. (City of New York.)
The Oswego County Whig was founded in 1838 by Richard Oli- phant, and sold to Daniel Ayer in 1844. In 1847 C. D. Brigham became proprietor. and changed its name to
The Oswego Cinnmercial Times. In Nov. 1848. James N. Brown became the publisher; and in Feb. 1854. he was suc- ceeded by Winchester & Fergerson, by whom the Os- wego Journal was purchased and united with it, and the combined paper was issued as
The Weekly Times and Journal. In 1857 it was changed to
The Oswego Times, under which name it is still pub- lished by J. Tarbell.
The Oswego Daily Advertiser. the first daily in the co .. was issued in 1845 in connection with The Whig, and was continued until 1847. when its name was changed to
The Oswego Daily Commercial. Times. It was published in con- nection with The Commercial Times until 1854, when it was changed to
The Oswego Times and Journal. In 1857 it was changed again
The Oswego Daily Times, and is still issued by J. Tarbell.
The People's Journal was started at Oswego in March. 1849. by O'Leary & Dean, and the next year it was sold to L. A. Winchester. In 1851 it passed into the hands of Sun :- ner & Poucher, who started
The Oswego Daily News in connection with it. The following year L. A. Winchester again became proprietor, and changed the name of the daily to
The Ostengo Daily Journal. In 1854 the two papers were united with the Daily and Weekly Times.
The Pulaski Banner was commenced in April. 1830. at Pulaski, and published by Nathan Randall until 1832; by A. A. Mathewson and G. G. Foster until 1833: and by James Gedd until 1824. when it was suspended. In 1836 it again aqw ared; as
519
OSWEGO COUNTY.
The portion of the eo. of Oswego lying near the mouth of the river was discovered in 1654 by French Jesuits, who established missions here for the conversion of the Iroquois.1 The French had previously explored the St. Lawrence; and in 1615 Champlain, in an expedition against the Onon- dagas, passed through the E. part of the eo. In 1700 the English explored the country veeupied by the Five Nations as far w. as Oswego; and in 1722 a trading house was built here under the diree- tion of the N. Y. colonial government. From that period considerable trade was carried on by the English between Oswego and Albany through Oswego River, Oneida River and Lake, Wood Creek, and the Mohawk.2 In 1727 the English built a fort on the w. bank of the river, near its mouth.3 The French, elaiming this whole territory, remonstrated against the action of the English, and several times planned expeditions to destroy the fortifieations, but did not earry them into effect. Upon the commencement of the "Old French War" of 1753, Fort Ontario was erected on the E. bank of the river; and another fort was built upon the summit of the w. ridge in 1755. In the summer of 1756, 5,000 Freneh under Montealm, with a heavy train of artillery, consisting of 30 guns of large caliber, erossed the lake from Fort Frontenac (now Kingston) and appeared before this place. The forts were invested Aug. 11, and, after 3 days' hard fighting, they were surrendered on the 14th.5 The victors demolished the forts, burned the English vessels, and retired. In 1758, Col. Bradstreet, with 3,350 men, crossed the lake from this place and reduced Fort Fronte- nae. After destroying the fortifications and securing the military stores and vessels, he returned to Oswego and rebuilt the forts there. Fort Ontario was greatly enlarged, and built in the most sub- stantial manner. In the summer of 1760, the powerful army of Lord Amherst embarked here on an expedition down the St. Lawrence. From this time Oswego became the most important military station upon the western frontier. During the Revolution it was strongly garrisoned, and formed the headquarters of many of the marauding parties that desolated the frontier settlements. It continued in possession of the British until 1796, when it was surrendered under the provisions of Jay's treaty.
In 1790, George Seriba, a merchant of N. Y. City, and a German by birth, purchased 500,000 aeres of land lying between Lakes Oneida and Ontario, for the sum of $80,000.6 This purchase, known as "Seriba's Patent," was bounded on the E. by Fish Creek and on the w. by Oswego River, and embraced 14 towns in Oswego eo. and 1 in Oneida. In 1794, Mr. Scriba caused a settlement to be made and a sawmill built on the shore of Oneida Lake, to which he gave the name of " Rot- terdam,"-now Constantia. In 1795 he built a gristmill-the first in the co .- and several other buildings at the same place. During the same year his patent was surveyed and divided into townships and subdivided into lots.7 About the same time he commenced a settlement at the mouth of Little Sahnon Creek, on the shore of Lake Ontario, 12 mi. N. E. of Oswego, which he called
The Pulaski Adrocate, and was published by Daniel Ayer until 1838. It was then sold to - Dickinson and united with the Port Ontario Aurora, the united papers taking the name of
The Advocate and Aurora. The name. Aurora, was dropped in 1840, when the Advocate again passed into the hands of Daniel Ayer, and was discontinued in 1842.
The Pulaski Courier was started in 1843 by W. Winans. In 1847 it passed into the hands of A. A. Mathewson, and was changed to
The Richland Courier. In 1850 it was sold to Joseph Hatch, who changed its title to
The Pulaski Democrat. In 1856 it passed into the hands of - Miller, its present publisher.
The Fullon Chronicle was started in Nov. 1837, by Thomas Johnson. In 1840 it was sold to Isaac S. Clark and Edwin Thompson, who gave it the name of the
Ben Franklin. It was discontinued the following year, and suc- ceeded by
The Worlly Despatch, published by E. C. Hatten about 1 year. The Fullon Sun was started in 1841 by N. B. Northrop. In 1842 it was united with the Mirror.
The Fulton Mirror was estaldished Ang. 20, 1842, by Daniel Ayer. It was soon after united with the Sun and issued as The Fullon Sun and Mirror. In Sept. 1844. it was sold to Spencer Munroe, and soon after discontinued. It was succeeded by
The Fulton Patriot. M. C. Hongh. John A. Place, and T. S. Brigham were successively interested in its puldi- cation. The latter was succeeded by R. K. Sandford. its present publisher.
The Oswego County Gazette, commenced at Fulton in 1853 by Gro. E. Williams, was merged in The Fulton Patriot in 1.58.
The Port Ontario Aurora was published by -- Van Cleve and subsequently ley - Dickinson from 1837 to 1539. when it was united with The Pulaski Advocate.
The Osvigo County Demorrot was started at Mexico in 1838 by Thomas Messager It was afterward styled
The Messenger, and was discontinued in 1833.
The Phonir Gozette, started at Phoenix in 1851. was published by Jerome Duke, and afterward by Geo. E. Willianis until 1853, when it was removed to Fulton.
The Phoenix Democrat was established in 1852 by an association. In 1854 it was sold to James HI. Field, and the next year he gave it the name of
The Phoenix Banner. In 1855 it was published a short time as The American Banner and Oatrego County Times. It was sus- pended in 1855, and in 1856 it was revived by Mary Frances Tucker, and called
The American Banner and Literary Gom. Eight months after- ward it was sold to Levi Murrill, by whom it was pub- lished as
The American Banner until 1857. After being suspended two months. it was revived, under the title of
The Phoenix Reporter, by Joshua Williams, by whom it is still published.
1 There is a tradition that the French established a military post here at a very early period: but research among the papers of that period does not corroborate the statement.
2 There were several portages on this route,-around the falls in the streams, and across from Wood Creek to the Mohawk. 8 Not a single trace of this fortification now remains.
4 This fort stood at the junction of West 6th and Van Buren Sts.
5 Tlin French landed 50 nti. E. of Oswego. and marched along the lake shore under cover of Their naval force. The English garrison numbered 2,000 strong. Col. Mercer, the English com- mander. was killed by a cannon shot on the 20 day of the siege
6 In this grant the State made reservations of the territory at the month of the river, within the limits of the city of Oswego, and also at the falls in the village of Fulton. Most of these reservations were disposed of at public sade in 1827. At an earlier date. considerable tracts in Scriba's Patent, on Oswego River. were jointly purchased by Gen. Alexander Hamilton, John Laurence, and John B. Church. Several other grants were also made along the river. Other tracts of considerable magni- tude were purchased by Schroeppel, Rosevelt, and others.
i This survey and subdivision was made by Benjamin Wright, who in 1793-94 ran the base line from Rome to Fort Ontario, on which the towns of Scriba's Patent were laid out. The town-
520
OSWEGO COUNTY.
" Vera Cruz,"] (now Texas.) Ile here built a saw and grist mill, store, and other buildings, and eommeneed an active trade on the lake; and for some years the place bid fair to become a formid- able rival of Oswego, and the most important eommereial station upon the lake. A few other settlements were made at other points in the eo., principally under the auspiees of Mr. Scriba, pre- vious to 1800; but immigration did not begin to flow in rapidly until a few years later. The lands of Mr. Scriba were divided and sold to a great number of different parties; and while his exertions and expenditures were of great service to the first settlers, they proved extremely unprofitable to him- self.2 In eominon with all the frontier settlements, the growth of this region was seriously retarded by the War of 1812. Oswego Village beeame the theater of stirring military events; and on the 5th of May, 1814, it was taken by the British.3 At the return of peace, immigration again flowed in, and . the subsequent history has been one of steady and continuous progress. The opening of the Erie and Oswego Canals, in this State, and of the Welland Canal, in Canada, greatly increased the commercial importance of the eity and stimulated the manufacturing interests throughout the eo.
ALBION-was taken from Richland, Mareh 24, 1825. It is an interior town, lying E. of the eenter of the eo. Its surface is level or gently undulating. The summits of the ridges are 50 to 100 feet above the valleys, and the highest point in town is 392 feet above Lake Ontario. The low- lands are wet and in some places marshy. Salmon River flows through the N. part." In the N. E. part are 2 or 3 small ponds. The soil consists of deposits of sand and gravel, and is of medium quality. Drift deposits eover the whole surfaec, except along the river courses, where the underlying rocks erop out. Much of the s. part of the town is yet unsettled. Considerable manufacturing is carried on.5 Sand Bank, (p. v., ) on Salmon River, is a station on the Watertown & Rome R. R., midway between the two places. It contains 1 church, a hotel, 4 stores, 2 tanneries, 5 sawmills, and a flour- ing mill. Pop. 313. Pineville, (Salmon River p. o., ) a station on the W. & R. R. R., situated on Salmon River, contains 1 church, an inn, a store, a sawmill, and a large tannery. Pop. 144. New Centerville, (p. o.,) a station on the W. & R. R. R., Dug Way, (p. o.,) and South Albion (p. o.) are hamlets. Settlement was commenced in 1812, by Cary Burdie, of Williams- town, on Lot 29, and Peter Henderson, at Sand Bank.6 There are 4 churches in town.7
AMBOY-was formed from Williamstown, March 25, 1830. It lies upon the E. border of the co., s. of the center. The surface is rolling and has a general southerly inclination. Its highest point is about 450 feet above Lake Ontario. It is drained principally by Fish Creek and other small tributaries of Oneida Lake. In the s. and w. parts are numerous sinall lakes and ponds, the principal of which are Painter Lake, North and South Ponds. The N. half of the town is in the . region of the gray sandstone, and the s. half in that of the red or Medina sandstone. The soil is principally a sandy or gravelly loam. Amboy Center (p.v.) contains 13 houses; West
ships of Scriba's Patent, like those of Macomb's Purchase, re- ceived names froin the proprietors that are known oniy in deeds ; viz.,-
1. Fulda. Ava, Ice. and Annsville.
2. Munden. Lee and Rome.
3. Solingen Annsville
4. Florence ..
Florence.
5. Franklin.
Williamstown.
6. Middleburgh
Aniboy.
7. Linley Camden.
8. Bloomfield
Lee and Annsville.
9. Embden
Vienna.
10. Edam.
Vienna.
11. Rotterdam. 12. Delft
Constantia.
13. Breda.
Hastings.
Palermo.
15. Mentz.
Volney.
16. Georgia
Schroeppel.
17. Fredericksburgh
Scriba and Oswego City.
18. Oswego.
Scriba and Oswego.
19. Vera Cruz.
New Haven.
20. Mexico.
Mexico.
21. Richland.
Richland.
22. Alkmaer
Allion
23. Straslargh.
Parish.
24. Erlang
Schroeppel.
The townships of the Boylston Tract in this co. are,-
6. Campania
Boylston.
7. Arcadia.
Redfield. (once Greruhoro'.)
11. Longinins
Sandy Creck and Richland. Orwell. Redfield.
12. Redfield
Richland appears to be uncertain, or this name has been applied to two surveys.
1 Vera Cruz was laid out into city lots by Mr. Wright, who was an agent of Scriba, and considerable improvements were inade .. A 4 rod highway was ent from Rotterdam to Vera Cruz, a distance of 20 mi., from lake to lake. In 1798 a schooner was built there by Mr. Seriba's agent, which was engaged in the trade between Vera Cruz and the Canadian port of Kingston. It is said that in 1804 more merchandise was sold there than at Oswego or Utica; and in the imagination of many persons Vera Cruz was destined to command the trade of Canada and the West. But, by a series of disasters on the lake, a large portion of the male residents were lost to the infant settlement : and the restrictive policy of Mr. Jefferson's administration, followed by the War of 1812. extinguished the flattering prospects of Vera Cruz. The events and the action of half a century have nearly obliterated all traces of the once promising city.
2 At the time of the purchase Mr. Seriba's fortune was esti- mated at $1.500,000; but the whole of it became swallowed up in his efforts to promote the interests of the infant settlements; and he died Ang. 14, 1836, at the age of $4; a poor mant. 3 See page 525.
4 Before the dams were built upon this river, great numbers of salmon were annually taken.
5 Large quantities of lumber, leather, and barrels are many- factured, the latter for the Onondaga salt and Osweet flour markets. There are 38 sawmills, 3 tawneries, and 2 gristmills in town.
6 In 1813 David, Enther, and Benj. Lilly and Allen MeClarn settled in the town. The first birth was that of a son of Luther Lilly. in 1813: the first marriage, that of Henry Baker and Lucy Burdie. in 1819; and the first death, that of a son of Luther Lilly. in 1913. The first inn was kept by Dr. Brace, at Sand Bank. in 1814; and the first store. by Ammi Hinkley, in 182S. The Lilly brothers built The first sawmill. in 1813. and Ezekiel Smith the first gristmill. in 1815. The first school was taught ยก by Sylvia Breed, in the summer of 1817. 7 2 Chion, Bap., M. E.
10. Richland.
West Monroe.
14. Brugen
521
OSWEGO COUNTY.
Amboy (p. v.) 20; and Carterville (p. v.) 12. Joseph Perkins, from Conn., was the first settler, in 1805.1 There are 2 churches in town; M. E. and Bap., both located at Amboy Center.
BOYLSTON2-was formed from Orwell, Feb. 7, 1828. It lies upon tho N. border of the co., E. of the center. Its surface is rolling in the center and E., and moderately hilly in the w. It has a westerly inclination, and its highest points are 700 to 800 feet above tide. The soil in the N. and w. parts is a productive, gravelly loam, the underlying rock being the Lorraine shale. The s. E. corner of the town extends into the gray limestone region, and the soil is light and thin. Boylston (p.o.) is in the N. w. part. The first settlement was made in 1810, on Lots 2 and 3, by John Wort and Michael Sweetman, both from Canajoharic.' Meetings for religious worship are held in the town by the Episcopal Methodists and the Wesleyan Methodists.
CONSTANTIA'-was formed from Mexico, April 8, 1808. Hastings was taken off in 1825, and West Monroe in 1839. It lies upon the N. shore of Oneida Lake, in the s. E. corner of the co. The surface is nearly level, and is slightly inclined toward the s. The principal streams are Scriba and Black Creeks, flowing into Oneida Lake. Iron ore is found in the Clinton group of rocks, which extend through the s. part. The soil consists of clay, gravel, sand, and vegetable mold, and in general is fertile. Most of the interior is yet unsettled. Frenchmans Island, in Oneida Lake, about 4 mi. from Constantia, belongs to this town; it contains about 28 aeres.5 Lumber, leather, glass, and iron are extensively manufactured.6 Cleveland,' (p. v.,) incorp. April 15, 1857, is located on Oncida Lake, in the E. part of the town. It contains 2 churches, 2 glass factories, and several other manufactories. Pop. 1,005. Constantia, (p.v.,) in the w. part, on Oneida Lake, contains 2 churches and has a pop. of 600. Bernhards Bay, (p.v.,) on the lake, contains 2 churches, a glass factory, and 360 inhabitants. Constantia Center is a p. o. Soon after the purchase of Scriba's Patent, in 1790, Mr. Scriba commenced the first settlement of his lands at Con- stantia, and established agents and laborers there in 1793.8 There are 7 churches in town.9
GRANBY-was formed from Hannibal, April 20, 1818. A part of Oswego was taken off in 1836. It lies on the w. bank of Oswego River, in the s. w. part of the co. The surface is gently rolling, with a slight inclination to the N. E. Oswego River flows through a valley from 30 to 60 feet below the general level of the town; within this town it has a fall of 40 feet. Lake Nea-tah-wan-ta, near the center of the E. part, is about 1 mi. in diameter. It lies about 25 feet above the river at the head of the falls. The streams are Ox Creek, Six Mile Creek, and the outlet of Nea-tah-wan-ta Lake. The soil is generally a sandy or gravelly loam. Bradstreets10 or Battle Island is in Oswego River, about 4 mi. below the Oswego Falls. Starch, leather, lumber, and the products of wood are extensively manufactured." Oswego Falls, (p. v.,) incorp. Oct. 12, 1853, a station on the S. & O. R. R., is situated on Oswego River, opposite the village of Fulton. Pop. 703. Granby Center and South Granby are p. offices. The first settlement was made at the falls in 1792, by Laurence Van Valkin, from Rensselaer eo., N. Y.12 There are now 2 churches in town.13
1 Among the carly settlers were David Smith, in 1815; Wmn. | had put an end to the reign of terror and restored much of the and Isaac Claxton and John Drought, in 1818; and Sage Park,
confiscated property to the exiles of the Revolution, when they in 1821. The first inn was kept by Joseph Perkins, in 1805; the | returned to France. Several years after, as Livingston stood first sawmill was built by Joseph Murphy, in 1822. and the first gristmill by Sage Park. in 1828. The first school was tanght by Cynthia Stoddard, in the summer of 1823.
2 Named from Thos. Boylston, who held. for a few hours. the title of a tract since known as the Boylston Purchase. He never owned the tract : the conveyance was simply a trust, and quickly passed into other hands.
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