USA > New York > Gazetteer of the State of New York: embracing a comprehensive view of the geography, geology, and general history of the State, and a complete history and description of every county, city, town, village, and locality, Part 2 > Part 36
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Thirteen newspapers-1 daily, 9 weckly, 2 semi-monthly, and 1 monthly-are published in this co.+
1 The first courts were held at Tappantown, in the present town of Orangetown, Rockland co., March 8, 1702. Courts were first held at Goshen in 1727. The first co. officers under State authority were Jolm Haring, First Judge ; Thos. Moffat, Co. Clerk ; Isaac Nicoll, Sheriff: and James Everett, Surrogate. Jesse Woodhull was appointed sheriff May 8, 1777, a few montlis previous to Nicoll, but was not commissioned. A courthouse was built at Goshen in 1773, by James Webster, a Scotch High- lander, who served under Wolfe at the battle before Quebec in 1759. This building was afterward converted into a jail, and a portion of it is now used as a public bouse.
2 The immense quantities of lumber brought from the pine forests of Allegany, Cattaraugus, and Stenben, over the N. Y. & E. R. R., are principally carried to Newburgh and trans shipped. Milk trains run daily upon this road for the purpose of carrying the immense quantities of milk produced here to the N. Y. mar- ket. The milk business is the most important of all the local business of the R. R.
8 This canal extends through the valley lying at the w. foot of the Shawangunk MIts. to Port Jervis, and thence up the valley of the Delaware to the w. bounds of the co.
4 The Goshen Repository, the first paper published in Orange co., was commenced at Goshen in 178S hy David Mande- ville. A few years after, it was issued by Mandeville & Westcott; and in 1800 it was sold to G. furton and Gabriel Denton, who changed the name to
The Orange County Patriot. In 1801 or '02 it passed into the hands of Wm. A. Carpenter, who changed it to
The Friend of Truth. In 1804 Ward M. Gazeley became pro- prietor, and changed its name to
The Orange Eagle; and soon after the office was burned aud the paper discontinued.
The Newburgh Packet was started at Newburgh in 1795 by Lucius Carey, and was continued a few years.
The Mirror was commenced at Newburgh Sept 22, 1796, by Philip Van Horne. In 1803 it was merged in
The Recorder of the Times, published by Dennis Coles. In 1806 Ward M. Gazeley became proprietor, and the name was changed to
The Political Index. In 1829 Charles M. Cushman became pub- lisher, and the name was changed to
The Orange Telegraph. Within a few years it was changed strain to
The Newburgh Telegraph, and has since been issued respectively by H. 11. Van Dyck, Elias Pitts, and E. M. Rutteuber, until 1857. when it passed into the hands of Joseph Lawson. by whom it is now published.
The New Windsor Gazette was commenced at New Windsor in 1797 by Jacob Schultz. In 1799 it was removed to Newburgh. and its name was changed to
The Orange County Gazette. John W. Barber and David Den- piston afterward lecame interested in its publication. About 18:3 it was changed to
Pre Citizen, and soon after it was merged in
The Rights of Man, which was commenced at Newburgh in 1799 by Elias Winfield, and was coutiuued until 1809 or '10.
The Orange County Gazette was commenced at Goshen in 1805 by John G. Ilurton and Gabriel Denton. It was suc- cessively issued by Gabriel Denton, Elliott Hopkins, F. T. & A. O. Houghton, until 1813, when Luther Pratt became the proprietor, and changed it to the
Independent Republican, and removed it to Mont- gomery, where it was published some years. It after- ward passed iuto the hands of James A. Cheever, who removed it back to Goshen. In 1831 H. II. Van Dyck became proprietor. It was subsequently issued by V. M. Drake, Moses Sweezey, Clark and Montanye, James McNally, and Montanye & Green. It is uow published by J. V. Montanye & Co.
The Orange County Republican was published at Wards Bridge in 1806.
The Orange County Patriot and Spirit of '76 was commenced at Goshen in 1808 by Gabriel Denton. In 1818 it was changed to
The Orange County Patriot, and was issued by Timothy B. Crowell. R. C. S. Hendries afterward hecame proprie- tor, and continued it until 1832, when it came into the hauds of F. T. Parsons, who changed it to
The Goshen Democrat. It was soon after published by Mead & Webb; and in 1845 it was united with the True Whig,
The Goshen Democrat and Whig. In a few years the name Whig, was dropped, and the paper again appeared as The Goshen Democrat, under which title it is now published by Charles Mead.
The Newburgh Gazette was commenced in 1822 hy J. D. Spaulding. It was successively issued by Spanld- ing & Parmenter, Spaulding & Risevels, Risevels & Leslie, Wallace & Street, S. T. Callahan, and Win. L. Allison, until 1856, when it passed into the hands of E. W. Gray, its present publisher.
The Evangelical Witness, mo., was published a short time at Newburgh in 1824 by Rev. Jas. R. Wilson.
The Orange County Former was counnenced in 1826 at Goshen by Samuel Williams. It afterward passed into the hands of Luther Pratt, who removed it to Montgomery, where it was continued but a short time.
The Beacon was published a short time at Newburgh in 1828 by --- Beebe.
Journal of the American Association, mo., was published at West Point in 1830. It was the organ of an associa- tion of cadets for the prontotion of science, literature, and the arts.
The Orange Herold was published at Slate Hill, in Wawayanda, by John G. Wallace in 1x31.
The Republican Banner was commenced at Walden, in Mont- gomery, iu June, 1831, and was continued several years
503
ORANGE COUNTY.
The first settlements in the co. are supposed to have been made by the Dutch, soon after the first occupation of Manhattan Island. Traces of an early occupation were found upon the first advent of tlie progenitors of the present race, among which was a road known as the "Old Mine Road," extending from the s. line of the co. along the valley of the Shawangunk to Esopus, on the Hud- son. These settlements were broken up; and no record is left of them. The next race of settlers caine in about the commencement of the 18th century and located in various parts of the co. They were Dutch, French Huguenots, and English, nearly all seeking liberty in the wilderness. The first patent issued was the Minisink Patent, in 1697, embracing the greater part of the co. lying upon the Shawangunk Mts., and a considerable portion of Sullivan co. The remaining portions of the co. were embraced in Chesecock's Patent,1 issued in 1702, embracing the s. E. part ; the Wawayanda Patent, issued in 1703, embracing the w. and N. parts; and the John Evans Patent,3 the precise date of which is not known. The boundaries of these various patents were so vague that it was found impossible to locate them without conflicting with others; and serious difficulties arose between the different claimants."
The policy of granting large patents was soon abandoned, and the remaining parts of the co. were patented in small tracts to actual settlers, from about 1718 to 1750. The settlements pro- gressed but slowly, in consequence of the fear of Indian hostilities. During the French War of 1755 the frontier settlements were often attacked by small parties of hostile Indians and the de- fenseless inhabitants were murdered and carried into captivity. The principal weight of these attacks fell upon the settlements in the Neversink Valley. During the Revolution the frontiers were again constantly in a state of alarm. In July, 1778, Brant, at the head of a large Indian force, laid waste the whole Minisink settlement ; and on his retreat the disastrous battle of Mini- sink was fought, in which nearly the whole force of the Americans was destroyed.5
The eastern part of the co. was also the scene of stirring military events. The importance of the passes through the Highlands was early appreciated by Washington, and strong fortifications were thrown up at various points to protect them. Fort Montgomery was erccted on the river, at the s. line of the co., and Fort Clinton on the opposite side of a small creek in Rockland co. Several
The Signs of the Times, semi-mo .. was commeneed at New Vernon. in Mount Hope, in 1832, by Gilbert Berbe. In 1847 it was removed to Middletown, where it is now published by G. J. Brebe.
The Tablets of Rural Fromomy was published at Newburgh in 1832 by J. W. Risevels.
The Sentinel was published at Minisink, now Wawayanda, in 1833, by Peter K. Allen.
The Newburgh Journal was commenced in 1833 by J. D. Spanlding. Its name was afterward changed to
The Highland Courier. It was issued in 1855 by W'm. E. Laidey, aud in 1858 pasmed into the bands of Edward Mixen, the present publisher.
The Reformed Presbyterian was commenced at Newhurgh in 1836 by Rev. Moses Roney. Iu a short time it was re- moved to Pittsburgh, Penn.
The Family Visitor was published a short time at Newhurgh in 1839 hy D. L. Prondfit.
The Middletown Courier was started in April, 1840, by A. A. Bensel. In 1846 it was removed to Kingston and changed to the Ulster Demoerat.
The True Whig was started at Goshen Aug. 5, 1842, hy R. C. S. Ilendries. Iu 1845 it was merged in the Gosheu Democrat.
The Democratic Standard was commeneed at Goshen in the fall of 1843 by Vait & Donovan. In 1844 it was changed to The Goshen Clarion, and it was eontinned until 1849.
The Christian Instructor was started at Newburgh in 1845 by D. L. Proudfit, and iu a short time it was removed to l'hiladelphia.
The Orange County News was started at Goshen in July, 1846, by John L. Brown, and was discontinued in 1849.
The Banner of Liberty was commenced at Middletown in Aug. 1848, by Gilbert A. Beebe, as a monthly. In 1849 it was issned semi-monthly ; and it is now published as a weekly.
Freedom's Guard was published at Middletown in Aug. 1849, by W. L. Beebe.
The Newburgh Excelsior was started in 1849 by Thomas George. In 1851 it was purchased by E. M. Kuttenber and merged in the Newburgh Telegraph.
Tri States Union was commenced at Port Jervis. Nov. 7. 1951. by John J. Minford. In 1854 L. F. Barnes be- came proprietor : and in 1855 it passed into the hails of James II. Norton. hy whom it is still published.
The Mirror of Temperance was started at Port Jervis in 1851 by J. L. Barlow. In 1852 Jolen Dow assumed the pub- lication. And continued it until 1855.
The Whig Press was commenced at Middletown. Nov. 26, 1851, by John W. Ilasbrouck. hy whom it is still pub- lished.
The Separate American, a quarterly publication printed for the colored people of the Separate American Methodist Church, was commenced at Middletown in 1852 or '53, Rev. David James, editor. It was discontinued in 1856.
The Sentinel was commenced at Port Jervis in Jan. 1855, by John Williams. In June of the same year it was re- moved to Susquehanna, Penn.
The Literary Scrap Book. mo., was published at Newburgh in 1855 hy R. Denton.
The Hardware Man's Newspaper, mo., was com- ienced Aug. 1855. at Middletowu. by Jolin Williams, by whom it is still published. It is issued from the office of the Whig Press.
The Newburgh American was eominenced at Newburgh in 1855 by R. P. L. Shafer & Co., and was continued a short time.
The Newburgh Times was commenced at Newburgh in 1856 by R. B. Hancock. It soon passed into the hisnds of R. II. Bloomer, its present publisher.
The Daily News was commenced at Newburgh in 1856 by E. W. Gray. It was subsequently discontinued, and its publieatiou resumed in 1857 by E. M. Ruttenber & E. W. Gray. It is now published by E. W. Gray & Joseph Lawson.
The Catholic Literary Magazine was published at Newburgh in 1856.
The Sybil, semi-mo., was commenced at Middletown in Jnly, 1856, by Mrs. Dr. Lydia Sayer Ilasbrouck. It is issued from the office of the Whig Press.
1 Chesecocks .- March 25, 1797, to Anna Bridges and 6 others. a tract of upland and meadow called Chesccocks, bounded x. by Capt. J. Evans and Dr. Bridges & Co., w. by Bridges & Co. and w. side of Ilighlands, s. by patent Daniel Honan and Michael Handon. and 2. by the Christian patented lands of Haverstraw and IIndson R. (Act March I7, 1783.)
2 Wawayanda .- Queen Anne. on 29th of April, 1703, granted to Dr. John Bridges and 11 others certain tracts known as Wawayamta and other tracts. bounded i. by the High lhills of the Ilighlands and patent of Capt. John Evans, N. by line of 0. and U. cos., and w. by Minisink Hills, and s. by N. J. (Act March 17. 1783.)
3 This patent was afterward set aside. as it was described in so vague and unsatisfactory a manner that it was impossible to locate it. The others were but little better.
4 A portion of the territory was claimed by N. J., and several collisions occurred between the settlers and the officers of the State, and numerous ontrages were perpetrated under the color of law. The controversy was finally settled about 1767. 6 See page 642.
504
ORANGE COUNTY.
other forts were built both above and below these, and chains were stretelied across the river and various impediments were sunk in the channel, to prevent the passage of vessels. Gen. Putnam was left in command of these positions in 1777, when Gen. Howe marehed to attack Philadelphia, but with an entirely inadequate foree. About the 1st of October, Sir Henry Clinton, in command at New York, sent a force up the river to aid Gen. Burgoyne, who was then hard pressed by the American army. This foree first landed at Verplaneks Point on the 5th, but in the night following re-embarked, landed on the opposite shore, and on the 6th surprised and captured both Forts Montgomery and Clinton.
The official reports make the loss of the British and Americans about equal ; but, as the former were fully exposed to a galling fire while approaching the works, and the latter mostly escaped, it is supposed that the British loss was much greater. The other American works were abandoned, and Gen. Putnam retreated to Fishkill. The British spent some time in removing the various ob- structions from the river, and advanced slowly northward, plundering and destroying on their way. They reached Esopus on the 15th, and at the same time Gen. Putnam, whose force had been augmented to 6,000 men by Conn., N. Y. and N.J. militia, sent a detachment of 2,000 to take pos- session of Peekskill. The British, afraid to go farther N. with such a force in their rear, remained at Esopus until they received news of the surrender of Burgoyne; and then they returned to New York.
The result of this expedition demonstrated the necessity of stronger fortifieations among the Highlands, and during the following winter the site of West Point was fixed upon, as the strongest and most eligible on the river. Earthworks were thrown up early in the spring, and from time to time more formidable works were added, until, at the elose of the war, it was the most strongly fortified of any place in the country.1
It was afterward the center of the American operations in the North. In the spring of 1780, Gen. Arnold, who had not entirely recovered from the effects of a wound received at Saratoga, solicited and received the command of this post. The instruction which gave him this command was dated Aug. 3, 1780. Arnold had been in correspondenee with the British for more than a year; and he soon negotiated with Sir Henry Clinton to deliver up West Point, for the sum of £10,000 in gold and a commission of Maj. Gen. in the British army. The final consummation of the compaet on the part of the British was intrusted to Maj. Andre, who crossed the American lines in disguise and held an interview with Arnold on the 22d of Sept. Upon his attempting to return to New York, he was arrested as a spy, and the whole scheme was discovered. Arnold escaped to New York, and Andre was subsequently executed.2
The headquarters of the American army of the North was for a long time at Newburgh ; and it was at this place that Washington finally took leave of his army,3 Aug. 18, 1783.
BLOOMING GROVE-was formed from Cornwall, Mareh 23, 1799. A part of Hampton- burgh was taken off in 1830, and a part of Chester in 1845. It lies a little E. of the center of the eo. Its surface is mountainous in the s. and E., and rolling and moderately hilly in the N. and w. Sehunemunk Mts., upon the line of Monroe, are 1,300 to 1,500 ft. above tide. The other principal elevations are Lazy Hill, on the line of Chester, Toms Rocks, Peddlers, Rainer, Round, Musquito, and Woodeoek Hills, and Red Ridge. These hills are generally too steep and rocky to be ever susceptible of cultivation. The hills in the N. have more gradual slopes, and are arable to their summits. Otter Kil flows E. through the N. part, and receives as tributaries Cromlin,4 Slatter- leys, and several smaller crceks. The extensive bog meadows along Cromlin Creek, in the s. part, have been drained, and are now the most valuable agricultural lands in the town. The soil is a sandy and elayey loam. Washingtonville, (Blooming Grove p. o.,) upon Otter Kil, in the s. part, contains 3 churches and 369 inhabitants ; Salisbury Mills, (p. v., ) upon the line of Monroe, a church, paper mill, gristmill, and 241 inhabitants; and Craigsville, (p. v.,) in the w. part, a church, cotton factory, and 20 dwellings.5 These places are all stations upon the Newburgh Branch of the N. Y. & E. R. R. Blooming Grove, near the center, contains 1
1 The crection of these works was intrusted to Kosciusko, the Polists patriot, then serving as a volunteer in the American army in the capacity of a military engineer. The works cou- sisted of a forinidable battery upon the bluff immediately upon the shore, named Fort Clinton, a strong fort upon Mt. Inde- pendence, in the rear, named Fort Putnam, and several redoubts and outposts.
2 Andre was executed at Tappantown, Rocklaud co., Oct. 2, 1780.
8 In the spring of 1782. while the army was stationed at New- burgh, a feeling of discontent arose among the officers and men, in consequence of the arrearages in their pay and the hardshipa they were called upon to endure. This was promptly checked by Washington, and a formidable conspiracy was broken up. 4 This creek is called Gray Court Creek in Chester.
6 During the Revolution a forge and powder mill were in operation at Craigsville. In 1790 James Craig erected a paper mill, -the first in the co.
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ORANGE COUNTY.
church and 18 dwellings; Oxford Depot (p.o.) is a hamlet and station upon the Erie R. R. The first settlements are supposed to have been made about 1735.1 The first church was erected at Blooming Grove, in 1759; Rev. Enos Ayres was the first pastor.2
CHESTER-was formed from Goshen, Warwick, Blooming Grove, and Monroe, March 22, 1845. It is an interior town, lying a little s. w. of the center of the co. The surface is rolling in the N. w., hilly in the center, and mountainous in the s. w. The principal elevations are Goose Pond Mt., Lazy Hill, Snake Hill, and Sugar Loaf Mt.,-all steep, rocky peaks, unfit for cultiva- tion. The highest summits are 500 to 600 ft. above the valleys. The principal streams are Gray Court, Black Meadow, and Ditch Creeks. Along Gray Court Creek, near the N. boundary, are extensive peat meadows, thoroughly drained, and forming the most productive tract in town. The soil is a light, yellow loam, underlaid by clay. Limestone and slate are both found in town. East Chester, (Chester p. o.,) Chester, and West Chester are three villages, situated at the three angles of an equilateral triangle, 1 mi. apart. They contain the Chester Academy, a bank, 2 churches, and about 1,500 inhabitants. Sugar Loaf, (p. v.,) in the s. w. part, con- tains a church and 36 dwellings. The first settlement was made in 1716, at Gray Court, in the N. E. corner of the town, by Daniel Cromline, from Long Island.3 There are 3 churches in town ; 2 M. E. and Presb.
CORNWALL-was formed March 7, 1788, as "New Cornwall." Its name was changed March 3, 1797. " Chesecocks," now Monroe, was taken off in 1799. It lies upon the Hudson, in the E. part of the co. The surface is principally occupied by rocky peaks and ridges of " The Highlands." Their declivities are usually very steep, aud their summits are masses of rocks, in some cases covered with a scanty growth of dwarfed forest trees. The highest peaks are Butter Hill, Crows Nest, and Bear Mountain,-respectively 1,529, 1,418, and 1,350 ft. above the river." The valleys among the mountains are deep, narrow, and rocky. A small portion of the N. w. part of the town is rolling or moderately hilly. The principal streams are Murderers Creek and its principal tributary, Otter Kil, flowing through broad, beautiful valleys in the N. part, and Bog Meadow Creek, emptying into the Hudson below West Point. Upon the latter, near its mouth, is a series of cascades, known as Buttermilk Falls. Cranberry, Long, Sutherlands, and Bog Meadow Ponds are small bodies of water among the mountains. The soil in the valleys is a sandy, clayey, and gravelly loam. The hills are too steep and rocky for cultivation. Canterbury, (Cornwall p. o., ) in the N. E. part of the town, contains 4 churches, a woolen yarn factory, and tannery. Pop. 428. Cornwall Landing, on the IIudson, in the N. E. part, is the center of extensive brick manufactories. Pop. 615. West Point, (p. o.,) on the HIudsou, is the seat of the U. S. Military Academy. It contains extensive barracks for the cadets and soldiers, 20 officers' quarters, a philosophical building, con- taining the library, apparatus, and observatory, a laboratory for ordnance and ammunition, a chapel, hospital, riding hall, stable, equipment shed, Catholic church, and 150 dwellings for employees.5 Buttermilk Falls, (p. v.,) 2 mi. below West Point, contains 3 churches and 307 inhabitants. Fort Montgomery, (p.v.,) in the s. E. part, contains 1 church and 16 dwellings; Bethlehem, in the v. w., a church and 12 dwellings. Ketchamtown, in the w., and Townsville, in the N., are hamlets. The first settlements are supposed to have been made about 1720.6 The first church (Presb. ) was formed in 1730, at Bethlehem ; Rev. Mr. Chalker was the first pastor, and Rev. Enos Ayres the second.7 Fort Putnam, of the Revolution, was situated immediately in the rear of West Point, and Fort Montgomery on the s. E. border of the town.8 Idlewild, the residence of N. P. Willis, is near the Hudson, in the N. E. part of the town.
1 Among the early settlers were the families of Strong, Brew- | taken during the several wars of the U. S .; and among theni ster, Howell, Dubois, Coleman, Moffatt. Seely, Gilbert, Woodhull, Tuthill, Goldsmith, Brooks, and Mathews.
2 There are 8 churches in town ; + M. E., 2 Cong., Presb., and Friends.
3 In company with others, Mr. Cromline purchased the Wa- wayanda Patent of Philip Rockby and Hendrick Ten Eyck. He was accompanied by Wm. Bull, an Englishman, whom he had hired from an emigrant ship. During the first year of settlement hie erected a house long afterward kept as a tavern and known as the " Cromline House." Its sign was the king's coat of arms; and as the colors became gray with age it was called the Gray Coat," and in after years, a court being held in the house. it4 name was changed to the " Gray Court." The name of the stream, meadows, and hamlet was derived from this.
4 The other principal elevations are Black Rock and Deer Hills, near the center: Ant Hill. Lawyers Hill, and Mount Ras- cal, in the s. w .; and l'eat, l'ine, Cold, and Round Hills, in the N. part.
are 89 brass pieces captured in the several battles of the Mexi- can War, each marked when, where and by whomn cap- tured.
6 The first settlement was made at and near the village of Canterbury. The tradition is that the first settlement was made there by Germans, who made some clearings and planted an orchard, but, becoming dissatisfied. sold out and left. The next settlers were English, some of whom had first settled in Conn. and Mass. Among the early settlers were the Suther- lands, Sacketts, Sherods, Brewsters. Woods, Clarks, Smiths, Townsends. Van Duzens, Mandevilles, Bartons, Sands, and Thorns. The first town meeting mpon record in the precinct of Cornwall was held in April, 1765.
7 There are Il churches in town ; 2 Presh., 2 Prot. E., 2 Friends, 2 M. E ... Bap .. R. C., and Free.
8 A chain was stretched across the river from Fort Mont- gomery, but the fort was taken by the British and the chain broken in Oct. 1777. A chain was afterward put across tho
6 In the yard at West Point is a large number of cannon |river at West Point, and remained there during the war.
506
ORANGE COUNTY.
CRAWFORD-was formed from Montgomery, March. 4, 1823. It lies in the extreme N. angle of the co. Its surface is a hilly upland, broken by several high ridges extending N. E. and s. w. Collaberg and Comfort Hills, along the E. border, are 300 to 400 ft. above the valleys. The principal streams are the Shawangunk, forming the N. w. boundary, Dwaars Kil, Paughcaughnaugh- sink and Little Paughcaughnaughsink Creeks. These streams all flow in a general N. E. direction. Upon the Shawangunk is a large amount of water-power. The soil is a slaty and clayey loam upon the hills and a sandy and gravelly loam in the valleys. Pine Bush,1 (p. v., ) on the Shawangunk, in the N. part, contains a sawmill, gristmill, and 120 inhabitants; Searsville, (p. v., ) on Dwaars Kil, near the center, a gristmill, 2 sawmills, and 16 dwellings; and Bullville, (p. v.,) in the s. part, 12 dwellings. Hopewell is a hamlet, in the s. w. Collaburgh is a p. o., 2 mi. E. of Bullville. The first church (Prcsb.) was formed at Hopewell, in 1779. The census reports 2 churches ; Presb. and Asso. Ref. Presb.2
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