USA > New York > Gazetteer of the State of New York: embracing a comprehensive view of the geography, geology, and general history of the State, and a complete history and description of every county, city, town, village, and locality, Part 2 > Part 17
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The one cannot, because of his high station, and tho | like class of females in 1837, making the whole cost, up to 1839, other dare not, because of his want of courage, defend $200,000. In 1854 two spacious 2 story brick buildings were erected, at a cost of $52,000. From May, 1821, to Jan. 1856, 4,182 patients were received here, of whom 1,911 were cured, 851 iniproved, and 471 died. The grounds have an extent of about 40 acres, and nre finely adapted to outdoor exercise in fine weather. The annual expense ofboth institutions is about $146,000. St. Vincent's Hospital, at 102 and 104 E. 13th St., was esta- blished by, and is under the caro of, Sisters of Charity. himself in another manner.'" The jury, after a short consultation, returned a verdict of not guilty, to tho great mortification of the conrt and of Zenger's perse- cutors, but with great satisfaction to the people. Such was the struggle which the press had to maintain only one hundred years ago, and only forty years before the Revolution gave to its freedom the sanction of Govern- ment aud the impress of authority .- Introduction to the Nat. History of the State by Wm. HI. Seward.
The New York Evening Post was commenced in 1746, but was soon discontinued.
The New York Mercury was commenced by Hugh Gaine, and continued by liim 31 years. It was discoutinued at the close of the Rovolutionary War.
The New York Gazette was commenced in 1759 by Wm. Wyman. It continued irregularly until 1767, when it was dis- continued.
The American Chronicle was commenced by S. Farley in 1761, and was discontinued the next year.
The New York Packet was commenced in 1763. It had only a brief existence.
The New York Journal and General Advertiser was commenced in 1766 by John Holt.
The New York Chronicle was commenced in 1768 by Alexander and James Robinson, and continued until 1772.
Rivington's New York Gazetteer ; or, The Umnecticut, New Jersey, Hudson's River, and Quebec Weekly Advertiser, was commenced in 1773 by James Rivington. This paper appeared during tho Revolution as
The Royal Gazette, semi-w., published by "James Rivington, printer to the king's most excellent majesty."
New York Pucket and American Advertiser was commenced in 1776 by Samuel Loudon. No other papers appeared in New York until the close of the war.
For list of papers since the Revolution, see p. 442.
1 The New York Hospital, founded in 1770, was ineorp. June 13, 1771, and is under the care of 26 governors. It has two very extensive establishments,-the hospital proper, upon Broadway, between Worth and Duanc Sts., and the Bloomingdale Lunatic Asylum, on 117th St. near 10th Avenuo. The first hospital, built in 1773-75, was burned. A new one was soon after begun, And while still unfinished was occupied by British and Ileasian troops for barracks, and it was not finally opened for patients until Jan. 3, 1791. On the 14th of March, 1806, the Legislature enacted that $12.500 should be given to the hospital annually for 50 years. on condition that apartments for various forms and degrees of insanity should be prepared, and that an annual re- port be made to the Legislature. The sum thus appropriated was to be chargeable npon duties on auction sales. In 1801 a lying-in ward was opened, and continued 20 years. In 1806 tho lunatic department was organized, and oue of the buildings of the present hospital was erected ; but in 1816 a change of sito was authorized. A library was founded in 1796, and a patho- logical cabinet in 1840; but a suitable building was not provided for the latter until 1856. In 1853 a new and spacions building, 8. of the main hospital, was erected, upon a plan the most perfect that experience could devise. It was finished in 1855, at a cost of $140,103.92. Clinical instruction, both medical and surgical, has long been given; and two operating theatres have been pro- vided for this purpose. The hospital on Broadway is now limited to tlic receiving of cases of sudden injuries froin accident, and non contagions diseases in which there is prospect of improve- ment; and it is not intended for the support of the incurable, or to supply in any sense the place of a poorhouse. Those re- ceived are either supported gratuitously, or pay at a rate barely sufficient to defray cost of support. The former constitute about 40 per cent. of the entire number treated. Seanien are received and their expenses are paid wholly or in part from the hospital money paid by the U. S. Government. From Feb. 1, 1792, to 1456, 106.111 patients had been received, of whom 77,390 had been cured and 4.768 relieved. Of the 10,893 who died, many Were brought in from the strect in a dying condition. Nearly 4,000 now receive the benefits of the hospital yearly.
St. Luke's Ilospital is located at the corner of 5th Avenne and 54th St. The building was erected in 1854, and is designed to accom modato 230 patients.
Jews' Hospital is on W. 28th St., between 7th and 8tl Avennes. The society was formed and a building erected in 1854. The hospital has received n bequest of $20,000 from the late Mr. Touro, of New Orleans.
Woman's Hospital, on Madison Avenue, was established in Feb. 1855, by Dr. J. Marion Sims, and iucorp. April 18, 1857, under 27 governors.
New York Eye and Ear Infirmary, at the corner of 2d Avenue and 13th St., was incorp. March 29, 1822. The present building was completed in 1856, at a cost of $41,252.39, including the lot. It has usually received appropriations from the city and State. Previous to 1856, 51,580 persous had received treatmeut in the institution.
New York Ophthalmic Hospital, on Stuyvesant St., was in- corp. April 21, 1852, and opened May 25 following. A course of lectures upon diseases of the eye is delivered annually.
The Children's Hospital, on E. 51st St., near Lexington Avenne, was established for the cure of poor children otherwise destitute of aid. It is under the care of an association of ladies.
New Asylum for Lying-in Women, at 85 Mariou St., is under the care of lady managers.
The New York Dispensary, on White, corner of Center St., was established in 1790, and incorp. April 8, 1795. It supplies the district s. of a line passing through Spring, Broadway, 14th, Ist Avenue, Allen, and Pike Sts.
The Eastern Dispensary, at 74 Ludlow St., was incorp. April 25, 1832. It supplies the district E. of the latter and s. of 14th St.
The Northern Dispensary, on Christopher, corner of 6th St., was ineorp. Nov. 28, 1828. and opened in 1829. Its district lies w. of Broadway, between Spring and 23d Sts.
The Demilt Dispensary, ou the corner of 23d St. and 2d Avenue, was incorp. May 7, 1851. It was founded upon the be- quest of Miss Demilt, and cost about $30,000. 1ts district is B. of 5th Avenue, between 14th and 40th Sts.
North Western Dispensary, at 511 8th Avenue, was incorp. May 29, 1852. Its district is w. of 5th Avenue, betweeu 23d and 60th Sts.
The German Dispensary, at 132 New Caual St., was organized in Jan. 1857. Professors of the College of Physicians serv gratuitously, and have distributed the labor into divisions.
The Homeopathic Dispensary, at 59 Bond St., was established in 1855 hy Dr. Otto Fullgraff, and is supported cutirely by private subscription.
2 The New York Institution for the Deaf and Dumb was in- corp. April 15, 1817, and opened May 12, 1818. It was located in the " New City Hall" until 1839, when it was removed to E. 50th St., corner of 4th Avenue .- the premises now occupied by Columbia College. It there remained until the wauts of the institution required moro ample accommodations and tho growth of the city suggested a retreat from the approaching pressure of business. A fine tract of nearly 40 acres at Fanwood, on the Hudson, on 164th St., was accordingly purchased, and the erection of buildings was commenced in 1853. They are in the aggregate 650 feet in length, and cover 2 acres. The iusti- tution has accommodations for 450 pupils. Tho work was sufb- ciently advanced to justify removal toward the closo of 1856. The cost greatly exceeded the estimate; and under an act of April, 1857, the institution was assumed by the State, with all the property connected therewith. Pupils are received from every co. of the State, and to a limited extent from New Jersey. It is strictly an educational institution, and- is designed to im- part a useful amount of literary instruction. and the knowledge of some mechanical operation by which to gain support. Dr. Harvey P. Peet has been for many years President of the Insti- tution.
The Lunatic Asylum, in 1818, was located at Bloomingdale. A building was commenced May 7, 1818, and was opened to patients in June. 1821. The plan comprehends a center build- The New York Institution for the Blind, incorp. April 21, 1831, was opened March 15, 1832, principally through the influence ing 211 by 60 feet, with 2 detached wings. A wing for the vio. lent insane malo patients was built in 1830, and another for the | of Dr. Samuel Akerly, Saumuel Wood, and Dr. John D. Russ. A
433
NEW YORK COUNTY.
The city of New York has a large number of charitable corporations chiefly dependent upon private subscriptions for support; and their management is highly creditable to those who have bestowed their time and money for the relief of the suffering and friendless. Several of these have received aid from the State and the city in their organization and support.1
school with 6 pupils was opened May 19, 1832, at 47 Mercer St., / and when completo will afford to the whole a capacity for 1,000 under Dr. Russ. By the aid of fairs and donations fromn indi- inmates. Juvenile offenders from the several counties have been as follows :- viduals and the city, a piece of ground and buildings on 8th Aveuue were obtained of James Boorman at a nominal rent, with a covenant to sell. An instructor in the mechanic arts was procured, and Dec. 2, 1833, the first public exhibition was held at the City Hall. The success in teaching from raised 1856. 1855. 1854. 1857. 1851. letters and characters, the proficieney of the 16 pupils in reading, 125 1858. 1853. 1852. geography, arithmetic, and especially in music, and tbe skill of N. Y. Poliee. 96 44 142 93 61 83 126 1 their workmanship in mats, mattresses, and baskets, excited " Sessions. 76 11 25 70 48 8 102 5 90 great interest. The present site, between 8th and 9th Avenues Gov. of Almshouse ... 6 27 73 7 203 4 139 and 33d and 34th Sts., was purchased of Mr. Boorman at a re- Rensselaer Co. 17 123 37 40 47 Kings Co .. 26 19 57 dnetion of more than $10,000 below what it could have been 27 46 24 70 7 23 55 sold for; and on the 30th of April, 1836, $12,000 was given by the Albany Co .. 30 27 8 44 52 27 14 18 State, conditioned to the raising of $8,000 more by the managers. Otber Cos. 7 17 8 23 8 32 23 In 1839 $15,000 was given to erect buildings. Annual reports are made to the State Legislature. State pupils have been Of the cos. not enumerated, Westchester has sent 15, Ulster 11, Queens 10, Dutchess 9, Orange and Columbia eaeb 8, Suffolk 7, Greene 6, Schoharie, Saratoga, and Oneida eacb 4, Monroe and Sullivan each 3, Onondaga, Putnam, and Rockland each 2, and Erie and Richmond each 1. Of 2.641 received in 8 years, 2.039 were white boys, 439 wbite girls, 138 black boys, and 25 hlaek girls; as to nativity, 1,548 were Irish, 445 American, 218 Ger- man, 150 English, 53 Scotch, 30 French, 10 Italian, 4 Swedes,and 1 each Spanish, Polish, Russian, I'russian, Dane, Dutch, Welsh, and Belgian. received since 1834; and for many years the institution has received pupils from New Jersey. The site, originally beyond the improved portion of the eity, is now in the midst of a densely settled quarter, and the square which it oecupies is valued at $400,000. The managers are endeavoring to obtain leave to sell and erect new buildings on tho upper part of the island. The proceeds of the sale would, it is believed, procure new and superior premises without other aid. The institution now has 200 pupils, and employs 11 blind instructors and assistants. The manual trades taught are broom, mat, bandbox, and mattress The Prison Association of New York, incorp. in 1846, for the relief and encouragement of discharged convicts, is elsewbere more fully noticed. It has a female department, organized in 1844, to provide employment for discharged female prisoners. making and needle work. Musical instruction is received witb great facility by the blind; and with those that evioce decided talent it often hecomes a means of support. Those of proper age ara instructed in the common and bigher branches of English education; and the number of books with raised characters now prepared for the blind is quite extensive, including the entire Bible, and volumos upon almost every branch of useful learning.
The New York Juvenile Asylum is intended to secure the maintenance and promote the welfare of children under 14 years of age who may be in destitute circumstances. This asylum was incorp. June 30, 1851. Its office is located at 23 W. 13th St., and its temporary asylum is at the foot of E. 50th St. A per- manent asylum, erected on 175th St., near Iligh Bridge, was opened April 2, 1856. Tbis society takes children between 7 and 14 intrusted to it by parents, guardians, or other com- petent authority, and affords them the means of a moral and industrial education. A fund originally of $50,000, and after- ward of $20,000 in addition, was raised by subscription; aud to this $40,000 was added by the city. The total number sent to the house of reception up to Jan. 1859, was 4,893. Several companies of children are sent annually to the Western States, to be indentured to farmers and others, under the direction of a judicious person. Children are also bound ont in the city and vicinity as occasion offers. An act of March 25, 1856, di- rected a sum not exceeding $75 per annum to be levied hy tax and paid to this asylum for each child committed by the city and supported by the society, and gare $20,000 toward the erection of a new house of reception on 13th St. The edifice is now nearly completed.
The Society for the Prevention of Pauperism, formed Dec. 16, 1817, after promoting the establishment of the first Savings Bank and other institutions of public ntility, resolved itself into
The Society for the Reformation of Juvenile Delinquents, Dec. 19, 1823, and measures were taken to carry the purpose implied by the name into effect. An act of incorporation was obtained Marcb 29, 1824; and, having in that year raised $17,000 and obtained possession of the U. S. Arsenal near Madison Square, the establishment was opened Jan 1, 1825, with 9 inmates. This place was burned in 1839, and tbe location changed to a building on tbe East River at the foot of 23d St., erected for a fever lios- pital. In 1851 the society exchanged a parcel of land it pos- sessed on Wards Island for about 36 acres on the s. end of Ran- dalls Island, where the corner stone of a new building was laid Nov. 24, 1852, by the Mayor. The buildings were opened Nov. 24, 1854. The male department will consist of a central build- ing and 4 wings, of which 2 are parallel to the froot of the center building, and form together with it a front of 590 ft. upon the river. The other two wings are to radiate from the eenter of the rear at angles of 60°; they have not yet been erected. The arrangemeot admits of the necessary classification and embraces every modern improvement. A workshop 3 stories high and 30 by 100 ft. is erected in the rear of each of the front wings. Tho female department, when completed, will be on a plan similar to the otber, of 250 ft. front, and otherwise propor- tionally smaller. With the refuse stone obtained in excavation and grading. a sea wall was built out to low water mark ; and some seven acres were thus added to the grounds. The entire cost. including the fitting up, to Nov. 1854, was $310,441.15, of which $14.199.39 had been for the Female Department. The whole number of inmates from its first opening to 1859 was 7,650; and at the beginning of that year it contained 463 boys aod 77 girls. A female devartuient is now in course of building,
1 The Orphan Asylum Society of New York was incorp. April 7, 1807. It was located on the banks of the Hudson, near 80th St., in 1840. It has 9 acres of grounds and a building 120 by 60 ft., pleasantly situated. About 200 orphans are supported in tbe institution.
The Society for the Relief of Half-Orphans and Destitute Chil- dren was established Dec. 16, 1835, aud incorp. April 18, 1837. It is located at No. 7 10th St., and is usually known as the "Protestant IIalf-Orphan Asylumn." It has received donations of $20,000 from John Ilosburgh and of $5,000 each from James Boorman, John Jacob Astor, Peter G. Stuyvesant, and the daughters of John Mason. The whole number of inmates re- eeived up to 1859 was 1,884, and the number then remaining was 136 boys and 101 girls .- Commem Council Manual, 1859, p. 580.
The Roman Catholic Orphan Asylum, on Prince St., was incorp. April 29, 1836. It is under the charge of Sisters of Charity, and bas 300 inmates,-all females.
St. Patrick's Orphan Asylum has a male and female depart- ment. The male departnient, on 51st St., has 400 inmates, and the female department, on Prince St., corner of Mott St., 300. They are hoth uoder the same trustees, and are managed by Sisters of Charity.
The Orphans' Home of the Protestant Episcopal Church, at 74 Ifammond St., was incorp. April 16, 1838.
Leake and Watts Orphan House is located at Manhattanville, between 9th and 10th Avenues and 111th and 112th Sts. Tbis noble charity was founded by the bequest of J. A. Leake, and enhanced by the liberality of Mr. Watts, who waived a claim he bad upou the legacy. It is incorp. under the general law.
St. Luke's Home for Indigent Christian Females is at 453 1Judson'St.
House and School of Industry, at 100 W. 16th St., is for the gratuitous instruetion of poor females in needle work.
Association for the Relief of Respectable Aged and Indigent Females is located at 20th St., between 2d and 3d Avenues.
Nursery for the Children of Poor Women, at 223 6th Avenue, is under lady managers.
Magdalen Female Benevolent Asylum, between 88th and 89tb Sta. and 4th and 5tb Avennes, is under the caro of lady mana- gers, has 40 inmates, aod is designed to encourage reform in abandoned females.
American Female Guardian Society and Home for the Friend- less, on F. 30thi St., between 4th and Madison Avenues, was formed in 1834. It received by donations in 1857 and '58 $49,719.79. The home school liad 108 girls and 112 boys, indue trial school No. 1 340 girls, and No. 2 165 girls. It is managed and chiefly supported by ladies.
St. Cutharine's Convent and House of Protection, on Honstou St., corner of Murray St., is under the charge of Sisters of Charity.
New York Ladies' Home Missionary Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church, on the site of the " Old Brewery," 61 Park St., was incorp. March 20, 1856.
St. Joseph's Asylum was incorp. April 15, 1859. It Is designed to support and edincate in some useful employment poor orphan, half-orphan, homeless, and neglected children, especially of German origin. It has 16 managers.
Five Points House of Industry is located on North St., Nos. 155, 157, 159.
28
434
NEW YORK COUNTY.
Numerous institutions of beneficence are established upon the principle of mutual support, all of which derive their mcans from fixed contributions of members. The number of these is very great, including many which are limited to particular nationalities and to certain mechanical or other occupations.1 The city has a large number of religious associations and societies for the pro- motion of morality,-some national or cosmopolitan in their field of operation, and others local in their range. While some of these oppose vice and wrong in their widest sense, others restrict their efforts to narrower limits of labor and concentrate upon a single object the united efforts of their members. There are at present about 290 churches in the city of New York.2
Children's Aid Society, office No. 11 Clinton Ilall, Astor Place, was formed in 1853. It has for its object to provide homes and employment for destitute children, and, to a limited extent, for adults of hoth sexcs. Up to 1858 it had provided homes for 3.576. In 1857 it seut 468 boys, 200 girls, 28 men, aud 37 women to other States. It had opened 6 Industrial schools, with a total of 968 pupils, maintained a lodginghouse for newsboys and peddlers, at & low charge, and another one for girls, aud had under its direction several boys' meetings and libraries. 1ts annual expenses are about $15,000, not including a large amount of gratuitons services.
New York Association for Improving the Condition of the Poor was formed in 1843, and incorp. Dec. 6, 1848. 1ts object is to afford temporary relief to such as do not come within the sphere of other existing charities, and to elevate the physical and moral condition of the indigent. To discountenance indiscriminate almsgiving and street begging, it inquires through its visitors into the merits of applications, and for this end has a super- visory council of 5 to each ward, and as many visitors as may he needed. It is supported by annual donations and collections, and in the year ending Oct. 14, 1857, expended $41,480.88.
The American Bible Society, formed May, 1816, as a national institution, claims notice in this place from the spacious and elegant edifice which it has erected. This structure occupies three-fourths of an acre, and is nearly triangular, extending 19S ft. on 4th Avenue, 202 ft. on 8th St., 96 ft. on 3d Avenue, and 232 ft. on 9th St., with a court within. It cost nearly $300,000, and contains the offices of numerous religious and denomina- tional societies. Its manufactory of Bibles and Testaments, when in full operation, employs 600 persons. A City Bible Society was formed several years before the one above noticed; and mime- rons kindred associations have been formed at different periods.
1 Of this class are Masonic, Odd Fellows, and other secret so- cieties who possess funds for the relicf of the sick, the support of widows and orphans, and the burial of the dead. Others, limited to particular occupations. some of which have been dis- continued, have been chicfly as follows :-
The Marine Society of New York was created by patent April 12, 1770. It has for its principal object to collect moneya, by admission fees and yearly dues of members, for the relicf of the widows and orphaus of seamen. Up to 1826 it had distributed $88.100 for these objects. Its meetings are held at the United States Hotel, corner of Pearl and Fulton Sts .; and its chief im- portance now ariscs from the circumstance that its president is oue of the trustees of the Sailors' Snug Harbor, on Staten Island. The importance of that noble trust will serve to perpetuate this society.
The New York Nautical Society was established in 1820, for charitable purposes and the promotion of useful improvements. Its members were those who had been shipmasters or com- manders of vessels.
The New York Waterman's Society was formed in 1825, for be- nevolent purposes and the promotion of useful improvements in navigation. It is supposed to havo been discontinued.
The Pilot's Charitable Society was formed in 1817, for benevo- lent and charitable purposes.
The Humane Society was formed in 1787.
The Association for the Relief of Disabled Firemen is a charity devoted to the objects expressed in its title.
General Society of Mechanics and Tradesmen was incorp. March 14, 1792.
The Mutual Benefit Society and the
Mutual Aid Society of the City of New York aro now extinct. The House Carpenters' Society ; the
New York Society of Journeymen Shipwrights ; the Provident Society ; and the
Benevolent Society are charitable associations, from which we have no returns.
Manhattan Provident Society of the City of New York was turined Nov. 17, 1708.
Friendly Society of the Town of Harlem was formed Feb. 10, 1809.
New York Masons' Society was formed Fcb. 20, 1807.
Stint David's Benevolent Society (Welsh) was formed in 1800. It was soon discontiuned.
Albion Benevolent Society was formed about 1800. It was soon discontinued.
Ancient Britons' Benefit Society was formed about 1805, from the two latter, and incorp. Feb. 27, 1907. It continued until 1835, when the
Saint David's Benefit & Benevolent Society was formed. It divided 3 years after ; and in Jan. 1841,
Saint David's Benefit Society and
The Welsh Society were formed. These were merged in the Saint David's Benefit Society, which is still continued. -
Saint Patrick's Society and the
Hibernia Provident Society of the City of New York were formed in April, 1807.
Saint Andrew's Society (Scotch) was formed in 1756. Its anni- versary is Nov. 30.
Caledonia Society of the City of New York was formed April 6, 1807. Saint George's Society is a society of English.
Saint Nicholas Society (Dutch) Is chiefly composed of the de- scendants of the old Dutch colonists.
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