USA > New York > Gazetteer of the State of New York: embracing a comprehensive view of the geography, geology, and general history of the State, and a complete history and description of every county, city, town, village, and locality, Part 2 > Part 68
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2 The census reports 4 churches; 2 M. E., Bap., and Christian. 3 Named from Robert Troup, of N. Y., general agent of the Pulteney estate .-- Turner's Phelps and Gorham Purchase, p. 2.9. + This institution has an average attendance of about 60 pupils. $ Peter Young and Peter Dalson, from Addison, settled near Mr. Rice, in 1806; Lient. Reynolds and Jonathan Rogers settled 9 The crusus reports 6 churches; 2 Bap., and 1 each Preab., M. E., Prot. E., and R. C. at the same place in 1809, Geo. Martin in 1×10, and Jumes Works in I811. The first child born was Polly Young; the first mar- 10 Nained from Rev. Dr. Francis Wayland, of R. I. riage, that of Zebulon Tubbs and Sarah Rice; and the first death, 11 Among the early settlers were Adant Ziminerman, David Brown, - Kaizier, Stephen llicks, Thos. Begole, Solomon, James, and Elisha Brownson, Isaac Willie, Walter and Dr. War- ren l'atchin, Dennis Hess, Benj. Perkins, and Samuel Draper. The first sawinill was built by Benj. Perkins; and the first gristmill, by Dugald Cameron and Abijah Fowler, in 1516. Saml. Taggart kept the first inn, in 1827 ; and James L. Monier, tho that of Jeremiah Martin. Abner Thomas taught the first school, a little E. of Troupsburgh Village: Lieut. Reynolds kept the first inn, 4 mi. from the Center. aud Ichabod C. Leach the first store, 2 mi. from the Center. Geo. Martin erected the first gristmill, at Troupsburgh Village. 6 2 Bap., 2 M. E., and F. W. Bap. 7 In 1857, 30 acres were devoted to vineyards; and the success of the experiment was so great that the number of acres was i first store, in 1830. The first school was taught by Thos. Wil- doubled in 1858. There are about 2.000 acres in town with the ' bur. in 181I.
B and z. inclination adapted to this purpose
12 Evang. Luth., Union, and R. C.
629
STEUBEN COUNTY.
WAYNE'-named in honor of Gen. Anthony Wayne-was formed, as "Frederickstown," Mareh 18, 1796. Its name was changed April 6, 1808. Reading (Schuyler eo.) was taken off in 1806, Orange (Schuyler eo.) in 1813, and Barrington (Yates co.) and Tyrone (Schuyler co.) in 1822. A part was annexed to Tyrone April 17, 1854. It is situated upon Crooked Lake, on the E. border of the co. Its surface is a rolling upland, 400 to 600 feet high, deseending abruptly to the lake. Little Lake is a beautiful sheet of water lying along the E. border. The soil is a gravelly and slaty loam underlaid by hardpan. Wayne,? (p. v.,) on the line of Tyrone, (Schuyler eo.,) contains ? churches and 40 houses. Wayne Four Corners is a p. o. The first settlement was made in 1791, by Zephaniah Hoff, Henry Mapes, Widow Jennings, and Solomon Wixson.3 Rev. Ephraim Sanford (Bap.) was one of the first settlers, and for many years the only clergyman in town There are 2 churches in town; M. E. and Union.
WEST UNION-was formed from Greenwood, April 25, 1845. It is the s. w. corner town of the co. Its surface is a broken and hilly upland, the highest summits being 2,000 to 2.400 feet above tide. A large part of the town is yet covered with forests. Bennetts Creek is the principal stream. The soil is a heavy, slaty loam. Lumbering is extensively pursued. Rexville (p.o.) and Wileysville (p.o.) are hamlets. West Union is a p. o. The first settler was Abraham V. Olmsted, who located at Rexville in 1822.4 The first church (M. E.) was formed at Rexville in 1831. There are 2 churches in town; Bap. and M. E.
WHEELERS-was formed from Bath and Prattsburgh, Feb. 25, 1820. A part of Avoca was taken off in 1843, and a part of Urbana in 1839. It is an interior town, lying N. E. of the center of the co. Its surface is a high, rolling upland, broken by the valleys of Five Mile and Ten Mile Creeks and of several small lateral streams. The soil is a shaly and elayey loam, well adapted to both grazing and tillage. Mitchellville (p. v.) contains 20 houses; and Wheeler Center (Wheeler p. o.) 1 church and 15 houses. The first settlement was made in 1799, by Capt. Silas Wheeler, from Albany eo.6 Rev. Ephraim Eggleston (Bap.) conducted the first reli- gious services, in 1802. There are 2 churches in town; Presb. and M. E.
WOODHULL'-was formed from Troupsburgh and Addison, Feb. 18, 1828. A part of Rathbone was taken off in 1856. It is the central town upon the s. border of the co. Its surface is a hilly upland, a considerable portion of which is yet covered with forests. Tuscarora Creek. flowing E. through the northerly part of the town, is the principal stream. The soil is a clayey and gravelly loam. Lumbering is carried on to some extent. Newville, (Woodhull p.o .. ) on Tus- carora Creek, contains 3 churches and several manufacturing establishments. Pop. 215. Hedges- ville contains 10 houses. The first settlement was inade in 1805, by Stephen Dolson, Daniel Johnson, Patrick Breakhill, Bethuel Tubbs, and Samuel B. Riee.& The first church (Presb. ) wax organized in 1830; and the Rev, Mr. Pomeroy was the first pastor. There are 4 churches in town.9
1 Its former name was from Frederick Bartles,-Mc Master's I the first marriage, Capt. Wheeler built the first sawmill. in 1902: Hist. Beiden Co_ p. 181.
2 1, rally known as - Wayne Hotel."
8 Ens .Joseph, and Janon Silutes. Abraham Hendricks. Joelina Smith. John Holdridge, Elijah Reyno !. 1s. and Ephraim -Capt. Wheeler's first trip to mill is worthy of record, There Tyler were among the early settlers. The first birth was that were. at the time when he had occasion to "go to mill.' this
of Elizabeth, Wixson. Nov. 6. 1993; and the first marriage. that of Ephraim Sanfed, jr. and Julia Hoff. Jas, Si chce Kept the first store, and En- spelwe the first inn. The first school was taught by Nathaniel Fri-ly, in 177.
The late settlement of this town was owing to the fact that a large share of the land was owned in England and by her- neder aze. Among the first settlers were Fred. Ilauber, Wm. Burger. and Win. Bray. from Delaware co .. who came in IS2 and located near Rexville, John Wiley, Wm. Fisher, and Benj. Wilks settled at Wilerville in 1549. Criah Stevens taught the first school; Chas. Rexford kept the first inn. and Walter B. Olmsted the first store, at Rexville. John Wiley built the first saw and grist muill. in 1 49-501.
5 Nanied from Capt. Salas Wheeler, the first settler. Capt. Wheeler waved during the Revolutionary War, and was at the stark on Quebec and stood near Montgomery when I fl. He was 4 times taken primer during the war. He died in 1-2%, at the age of Th.
" Nathan Rose, Wm. Holnies, and Turner Gardner method in trvan in 1:49: Col. Jonathan Barney and Those At In 1-201; Piin Martie in 1902: and One F Marshall, ami ..... mal Pou. Formal and Ride in 1~3. William. anti matter Bir-
and death in town. llor. Grattan U. Wheeler was a Jarty to
and Gro. W. Taylor the first gristmill. in 1902-04. John Ivala kept the first inn. in 1990; and Cornelius Younglove the first store. in 1835, The first school was taught by Criel Chapin.
institutions in the neighborhood where grinding was done,-a' the Friends' settlement, at Bath, and at Naples. The millstories of Bath load -uspended operations-there bring nothing there to grisel, as was reported, Capt. Wheeler made a cart, of which the wheels were sawn from the end of a log of curly maple: the Box was of corresponding architecture. He started for Naples with two oxen attached to this vehicle. Two young men went before the oxen with ares and chopped a road, and the clumsy chariot came Houndering through the busines behind. Imincing over the logs and snubbing the stumps, like a ship working through an ice field. The first day they reached a point a little Ewoud the present village of Pratteburgh, a distance of six miles from their starting point, and the arcond moored triumph- ani v at the mill at Naples."-Mc Master's Hall. Struben Con PP. 195-196.
; Named in honor of Gen. Nathaniel Woodhull, of the Resch. tion.
& Caleb Smith settled in the town in 1905. The first birth was that of Polly Smith; the first marriage, that of lavi Bice and Cynthia Table; and the first death that of Begj Tutte. ('alel, Smith Imilt the first gri-rumd. n 1-65: frimleyis. Lach Foot the first ion. and Josiah Tubb- the first store. The files schul was tanglit by Abper Thutime.
* 2 Bap .. Presb. and R. C.
630
STEUBEN COUNTY.
Acres of Land, Valuation, Population, Dwellings, Families, Freeholders, Schools, Live Stock, Agricultural Products, and Domestic Manufactures, of Steuben County.
ACRES OP LAND,
VALUATION OF 1858.
POPULATION.
SCHOOLS.
NAMES OF TOWNS.
Improved.
Unimproved.
Real Estate.
Personal
Property.
Total.
Males.
Females.
No. of Dwellings.
No. of Families.
Freeholders.
Districts.
Children
taught.
Addison.
9,375
25,832
$ 428,955
$ 92,270
$ 521,225
1,602
1,554 860
518
565
236
14
1,228 808
AVOCIL .
13,011
8,661
433,627
82,073
515,700
926
331
359
286
11
Bathı.
30,775
24,319
1,553,476
579,191
2,132,667
3,027
3,004
1,068
984
860
26
2,305
Bradford
7,264
5.798
214,087
23,543
237,630
642
643
238
245
189
6
655
Cameron.
10,871
19,798
219,740
63,257
282,997
916
919
335
343
288
10
690
Campbell.
8,242
15,297
329,630
6,900
336,530
816
726
287
292
226
7
518
Canisteo ..
9,184
22,300
393,381
41,671
435,052
1,058
927
352
372
271
11
852
Caton.
7,712
14,453
296,405
21,655
318,060
837
748
274
291
267
11
626
Cohocton.
11,580
14.441
453,101
64,792
517,893
1,126
1,116
444
414
297
11
875
Corning
7,803
26,482
1,308,282
113,689
1,421,971
3,275
3,059
1,037
1,160
514
17
2,162
Dansville.
20,031
12,881
601,936
58,414
660,350
1,077
1,083
401
413
287
14 791
Erwin ....
4,097
18,574
535,668
74,250
609,918
944
875
334
339
174
5
741
Fremont.
10,733
7,745
247,511
78,624
326,135
571
548
221
233
210
9
457
Green wood
10,065
11,560
176,045
94,231
270,276
622
602
237
237
233
11
557
Hartaville
7,189
13,632
158,025
37,143
195,168
584
526
195
212
177
9
467
Hornby.
13,151
13,177
254,783
40,266
295,049
756
654
262
274
239
12
565
Hornetisville.
8,7454
9,216}
865,680
45,788
911,468
1,950
1,893
689
744
477
13
1,522
Howard.
20,534}
17,657
410,548
120,476
531,024
1,365
1,304
592
512
458
16
1,083
Jasper.
13,227
15,853
230,172
75,741
305,913
881
887
341
344
299
16
787
Linasley.
3,729
19,874
274,701
5,300
280,001
369
335
142
143
59
4
313
Prattsburgh
23,136
11,858
556,801
102,270
659,071
1,301
1,281
509
536
410
16
1,072
Pulteney.
15,730
4,8784
449,787
12.918
246,194
480
445
171
177
157
10
440
Troupsburgh.
16,545}
17,947
184,531
535,978
30,009
565,987
966
972
361
363
288
12
822
Wayland
12,921}
11,364}
210,394
1,200
211,594
1,344
1,307
375
462
332
9
1,060
Wayne.
-9,813
3,505
234,142
34,681
268,823
467
461
174
183
143
5
311
West Union
7,265
14,268
88,276
11,628
99,904
617
597
214
233
215
9
530
Wheeler.
14,334
14,246
299,709
59,196
717
659
253
256
197
10
632
Woodhull
11,851}
18,894
240,932
114,785
358,905 355,717
1,159
1,046
420
425
294
15
825
Total
1361.450
438,250}
12,689,070 2.286,423
14.975,493
32,189 30,776
11,351 11,823
8.710
354 25,817
LIVE STOCK.
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS.
BUSH. OF GRAIN.
DAIRY PRODUCTS.
NAMES OF TOWNS.
| Working
937
532
2.448
767
5,979
40,414
2,037
12,004
11,235
56,550
3,640|
1.342
Avoca ..
1,074
854
5,580
1,087
12,595
48,421}
2,044
6,444
23,412
77,063
43,446|
7733
Bath
1,368
2.575
2.042
12,169
2.350
26,477
100,8534
5,931%
14,379
25,271
118,424
13,630:
3.069
Bradford
330
630
501
3,493
731
4.908}
36,674
1,354
5,726
8,042
37,130
450
978
Cameron.
418
1,023
639
2,847
619
4,229
22,472}
1,952}
3,864
4,644
69,703
2,100
1,186
Campbell
326
947
616
2,036
530
5,499
40,412
2,241
5,420
11,896
60,155
1,976
776
Caton
341
1,072
627
2,344
610
3.563
60,671
2,242
20,607
6,048
61,156
3,654
730
Cohocton.
536
995
621
3,255
807
13,757
43,334
1.4664
7,531
17,095
67,245
6,231
591
Corning.
395
570
678
828
901
8.440
52.461
1,684
10,309
8,828
26,316
500
105
Dansville.
763
1,247
980
5.469
1,358
24,509
50,325
2,064
13,445
14,294
93,541
18,539
1,503
Erwin
215
433
385
1.495
553
4,766
35,739}
943
7,185
3,745
29,906
6,000
Fremont
502
683
501
1,715
549
4,172
37,942
1,022
8,985
14,210
50,075
5,775
52
Greenwood
300
1,197
788
1,701
420
1,866
31,682
1,049
5,460
3.978
79,900
1,100
1,053
Harteville.
229
686
427
3,007
382
3,712
17,254
1,010
3,505
5,525
37,045
3,290
689
Hornby
382
1,064
663
3,365
574
3.248
83,162
4,203
22,465
14,201
59,885
1.915
1.461
Hornellsville
359
890
530
2.522
646
10,478
24,001}
1,786
5,311
6,217
50,150
1,204
794
lloward.
810
1,626
1,137
6,998
1,338
6,596
84,977₫
2,47 6}
13,539
24,461
129,746
13,690
2,689,
Jasper ..
496
1,453
802
3,385
726
2.814
48.078
2,011
7,262
4,298
93,168
3,335
2,435
Lindstey.
121
519
327
967
386
1,326
29,046
948
6,933
5,905
20,962
100
37
Prattsburgh
856
1,391
929
8,093
1,022
10,319}
70,3424
2,953₺
8,748
14,790
104,620
7,717
1,188
Pulteney.
694
1,272
755
4,968
1,073
9,975
38,218
2,050
5,268
8,347
86,971
5,419
758
170
449
295
1,354
331
2,921}
15,416}
1,231
3,055
3,368
32,590
665
1.148
Troupsburgh
457
1,984
14
5,340
750
2,519}
38,894₺
2,621}
8,170
8,518
103.775
2,816|
3.599₺
Urbana
580
1,117
671
9,946
1,051
11,145
35,587₺
2,252
4,626
12.335
62,350
3,070
846
Wayland.
504
1,031
780
1,805
1,005
12,252
33.755
1,567₺
11.604
4,470
55,200
23,500
1,268 72X
West Union
179
929
499
1.206
369
1,242
26,3504
721
7,878
610
41,980
17,700
1.5893
Wheeler
496
839
618
5,220
832
7,377
40,777
1,440
4,515
10,024
50,693
4.806
700
Woxxlbull ..
406
1.788
911
2,330
817
5,849₺
37,403
2.465
10,025
3.174
112,445
4.745
1.144
Total
13,899 32,199 20,284 111.353 24,154 229,802 1,282,567
58,7494 255,938 297,259 1,976,129 203,329 34,935
Calves.
Coics.
Sheep.
Swine.
Winter.
Spring.
Tons of Hay
Bushels of
Potatoes.
Bushels of
Pounds
Butter.
Pounds
of
cese.
Domestic Cloths, in Yards.
Addison.
332 600
377
1,192
690
1,914
816
13,912}
28,931₺
1,884₺
6,964
9,893
52,040
500
1,676
Thurston.
5,408:
15,0$3
233,276
132,210
316,741
1,042
937
361
373
322
15
967
Urbana
17,126
8,656
39,318
489,105
752
808
305
309
275
10
628
Rathboneª
269,491
28,934
298,425
10
528
Horses.
O.ren and
Apples.
of
1.816
Wayne ..
357
583
472
3.553
754
3,854
28,970
1,098
4,711
8,455
55,345
Rathbone
Thurston
Canisteo ..
@ Formed since 1855.
No. of
SUFFOLK COUNTY.
THIS county1 was organized Nov. 1, 1083. It occupies the E. part SUTF of Long Island, embracing about two-thirds of its area, and includes several smaller islands off the E. and N. coasts. It is centrally distant 138 mi. from Albany, and contains 1,200 sq. mi. The E. extremity of the island is divided by Great and Little Peconic SEAL and Gardners Bays into two narrow, unequal branches, between which are Gardners, Shelter, and Robins Islands. A chain of islands extends from the N. branch nearly to the Conn. shore.2 A beach com- posed of alluvial sand and shingle, broken only by occasional inlets, skirts the s. shore of the island, enclosing several large, irregular bays, the principal of which are Great South, East, Shinnecock, and Mecox Bays. "This great beach is a line of spits and islands. One of the islands is about 25 mi. long, with a breadth of a few hundred yards. They are all narrow and long; and when above the reach of the surf they are covered by a labyrinth of hillocks of drifted sand, imitating almost all the variety of form which snow drifts present after a storm."
The action of the waves and winds is gradually extending this beach. Off the s. coast the sea is very shallow; 50 mi. from the shore its depth nowhere exceeds 40 fathoms; and sandbars at a considerable distance from the beach approach so near the surface as to break the waves into a surf. The traveler along the beach is seldom out of sight of a wreck.3 Irregular branches project inland from Long Island Sound, in the w. part of the co., and from the bays upon the s. and E. The peninsulas and points thus formed are locally known as "necks." Upon the s. side of the island these necks generally take the name of the stream E. of them. An irregular range of hills extends E. and w. through the co., a little N. of the center. A second range, commencing in Brookhaven, extends into the s. branch of the island, terminating at Canoc Place and reappear- ing farther E. as the Shinnecock Hills. Along the N. border of the co. the surface is somewhat broken; but in the s. it is very level. In the E. part are several fresh water likes, and a few in the central and w. parts, the principal of which is Lake Ronkonkoma, on the w. border of Brookhaven. The principal streams are Peconic River, in the E., and the Connecticut, in the central part. The soil is generally a light, sandy loam, moderately fertile along the coasts; but in some parts the surface consists of almost sterile plains or barren sandhills. The interior of the island, from near the foot of the hills to within one or two mi. of South Bay, is occupied by the "brush plains," which are sparsely inhabited and hardly susceptible of cultivation. Thousands of acres of these plains were burned over in 1844 and '45 ; and a thin growth of scrub oak, 3 to 4 feet high, has since sprung up on the burned tract." Along the coast are extensive salt marshes. No native rock is found within this co .; and the whole island, except a few rocks near IIcllgate, appears to belong to the drift formation or to have been formed as a strand of the sea. The waters of the sea are slowly encroaching upon the land of the E. and N. parts.
The various branches of agriculture form the leading industrial pursuits.6 Successful hus- bandry in this co. involves a large expenditure for fertilizers,6 which to considerable extent are obtained from the neighboring scas. Immense quantities of bony fish7 are caught for this pur-
1 Named from a co. in England. From 1665 to 1683 this co. formed the " Erst Riding of Yorkshire."
2 These islands appear to have been separated from the main- land and from each other by tidal currents, which flow between them with great force. - N. Y. Geological Survey, Mather.
coast.
8 From Nov. 1, 1854, to June 28, 1857. 5 ships, 9 barks, 16 brigs, 25 schooners, and 9 sloops wero wrecked, or in distress, off this The Government has established 26 lifeboat stations upon the s. shore, (of which 19 are within this co.,) 1 on Fishers Island, 1 at Orient Point, and 2 upon the sound. Each station is furnished with boats, life cars, mortars and rockets for throwing lines, and at each a keeper is in constant attend- ance. Under the provisions of the act of Feh. 16. 1787, " wreck- masters" are appointed by the Governor and Senate in and for the several counties bordering upon the seashore. Of these there are 15 in Suffolk co. It is their duty to render every possible aid to distressed vessels. A project has recently been formed of constructing a telegraph line fromn Montauk Point to Brooklyn, with stations along the beach, so that intelligence may be transmitted in season to admit of aid being sent to vessels in distress.
4 Some of these tracts are 8 to 10 mni. long and 2 to 4 wide. The fires destroyed not only the forest trees, but every vestige of vegetation, and thousands of cords of wood: hundreds of deer and other animals, perished in them. These lands are valuable only for the timber upon them; and when that is destroyed they become nearly worthless.
6 Corn and potatoes are the leading agricultural exportations. This co. excels all others in the State in the amount of turnips raised. Wheat is one of the principal crops.
6 The annual expenditure of this co. for manures is nearly $200,000,-about half as much as is expended for the same pur- pose by all the rest of the State.
" These fish are the Alosa menhaden, or " moss bunkers." and are usually called " bunkers" or "skippangs." They are caught from May to Nov., in seines, in immense quantities; at a single haul, a few years since. 1.400.000 were taken. They are sold at an average price of $1 per M. They are usually strewn upon the surface as a top dressing. or plowed under. but are some- times rotted with earth, seaweed, and other articles in compost beaps. The stench of these decaying fish is extremely un- pleasant and almost overpowering to strangers.
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SUFFOLK COUNTY.
pose, and are used either alone or in connection with seaweed, stable manure, compost, guano, ashes, and other fertilizers. Oysters and clams abound in the bays and scas around the island; and the taking of these, and fishing, form the principal occupations of the inhabitants along the shorc. From the first settlement of the co. considerable attention has been given to whaling. This business was originally carried on in open boats from the shore;1 but large vessels are now sent upon long voyages to the Polar Seas.2 The preparation of " fish guano," and oil from bunkers,3 shipbuilding, and brickmaking arc the principal manufacturing interests of the co.‘ At Fire Island, Greenport, and Orient, and at most of the villages along thic s. county road, are ex- tensive hotels, especially fitted for the accommodation of families from Now York City, great numbers of whom spend the summer months at these public houses or in private families.
The county seat is located at Riverhcad.5 The courthouse is a fine two story brick building, situated near the depot, and contains the usual county offices, and accommodations for the sheriff's family.6 The jail, situated in rear of the courthouse, is a two story stone octagonal building. The county clerk's office is a fireproof brick building. The co. has no poorhouse.7
The first regulation concerning public roads was adopted under authority of an act of General Assembly passed in 1724, and was kept alive by repcated enactments. Commissioners ap- pointed by this authority about 1733 laid out 3 principal roads from w. to E. These were called the North, Middle, and South Country Roads, and upon them the principal villages and settle- ments are located. The project of opening a navigable communication between the bays upon the s. shore of the island was recommended by Gov. Clinton in 1825, and was subsequently authorized by law, but was never carried into effect.8 The Long Island R. R. affords the princi- pal avenue of business through the island.9 Short stage routes connect the several villages along the . and s. shores with the R. R.
Seven newspapers are published in the co. ; 2 at Greenport, 2 at Huntington, 1 at Sag Harbor, 1 at Patchogue, and 1 at Riverhcad. 10
When Long Island first became known, it was inhabited by 13 tribes of Indians, of which all but two resided wholly or in part in this co.11 Of these the Montauks were the most numerous
1 At present 3 whaleboats at Mastic Point, 2 at Shinne- cock, 6 at Southampton, and several at Bridgehampton. East- hampton, and Amaganset, are kept in constant readiness for use upon the beach. They are mounted, bottom upward, upon a staging. and are well supplied with oars. lances, harpoons, and other necessary tackle. During the winter and spring months | The Suffolk Gazette, and in Feb. 1811, it was discontinued.
a lookout is kept, and when a while appears a signal rallies the neighborhood to the chase. A year seldom passes without one prize; and some years half a dozen are captured.
2 The whaling interests of this co. received a severe check upon the discovery of gold in California. Many whaleships were fitted out for the trade with that region, and upon the reaction that followed were sold. The number of whaleships now belonging to the co. is 33; and the greatest number at any one time (in 1845-47) was 88.
$ The manufactories of fish guano and oil are in Southold and upon Shelter Island, and ou Napeague Beach. The fish are heated by steam, and the oil is extracted hy hydrostatic presses. The residue is dried and ground for guano. Forty tons of fish yield 9 tons of guano and 840 gals. of oil. It is claimed by many that this manufactured article possesses all the valuable pro- pertics of the Peruvian guano.
4 Salt was formerly made from seawater at Sag Harbor. An extensive business was formerly carried on in cutting wood and shipping it to the New York market. Spafford, in his Gazetteer of 1823, says that a great portion of the fuel consumed in the city was furnished by the pinc plains, and that 100,000 cords were annually sent from Brookhaven. Since the fires of 1844 and '45 but little wood has been exported.
6 A small two story frame building, crected in 1725, served for both a courthouse and jail. The first court of Oyer and Ter- miner under the State Government was held Sept. 4, 1757.
6 This building was erected in 1854 and '55. at a cost of $17.800. The committee appointed to superintend its erection were Sam'l B. Nicoll, Wm. R. Post, and Sylvester Miller. By an act passed
April 9. 1813, the clerk of this co. was anthorized to establish The Sag Harbor Express was commenced in 1859, hy ---
his office in two places, and to appoint a deputy to have charge of one. The records migrated between Islip and Sonthold, and Vere kept many years at Smithtown. The records of wills in this co. extend back to 1669. The records of the court of General Sessions and Common Pleas bave been separately recorded since 1723.
7 Most of the towns have poorlionses, at which co. panpers are provided for at the co. expense.
8 The Long Island Canal Company, chartered April 8. 184S. was anthorized to effect what in substance was embraced in De Witt Clinton's plan. vix. : communication between Gravesend. Jamaica, Great Sonth, Southampton, and Mecox Bays, and across Canoe Place.
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