USA > New York > Gazetteer of the State of New York: embracing a comprehensive view of the geography, geology, and general history of the State, and a complete history and description of every county, city, town, village, and locality, Part 2 > Part 49
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BERLIN-was formed from Petersburgh, Schodack, and Stephentown, March 21, 1806. A portion of Sand Lake was taken off in 1812. It lies near the center of the E. border of the co. Its surface consists of 2 ranges of mountains separated by a narrow valley extending N. and s. The hilly region is wild and broken, and the declivities are generally precipitous. The principal streams are Kinderhook Creek, flowing s., and Little Hoosick River, flowing N. The head- waters of these streams are but a few rods apart, near S. Berlin. The w. part of the town is covered with forest, in which are several fine lakes. The soil in the valley is a gravelly loam, but among the mountains it is a hard sterile clay intermixed or covered with fragments of rock. Berlin, (p. v.,) containing 326 inhabitants, South Berlin (p. v.) and Center Berlin, (p. v.,) are all situated in the valley of the Little Hoosick. West Berlin is a p. o. Godfrey Brini- mer located near N. Berlin in 1765.3 The first church (Seventh Day Bap.) was formed at N. Berlin, in Dec. 1780; Wm. Coon was the first preacher.‘
BRUNSWICK-was formed from Troy, March 20, 1807. A part of the town was reannexed to Troy, April 15, 1814. It lies a little N. w. of the center of the co., upon the hilly region w. of the summits of the Petersburgh Mts. The most elevated portions of the town, in the extreme E. and in the N. w. parts, are 800 to 1000 feet above tide. The principal streams are Poesten Kil, its tributary Quacken Kil, and Tomhannock Creek. The soil upon the summits of the hills is liard and sterile, but in the valleys and lowlands it consists of a fertile, gravelly loam intermixed with clay. The people are largely engaged in furnishing milk, vegetables, and hay to the Troy market. Brunswick Center, East Brunswick,5 Millville, (Eagle Mills p. o.,) and Cropseyville6 (p. o.) are small villages. The first settlement was made about 1760, by a company of Germans." This town suffered greatly upon the approach of Burgoyne in 1777, and after the battle of Saratoga many families of royalists withdrew to Canada, and but few returned. There are 4 churches in town.8
EAST GREENBUSH-was formed from Greenbush, as " Clinton," Feb. 23, 1855, and its name was changed April 14, 1858. It lies on the bank of the Hudson, s. w. of the center of the co. The bluffs which border upon the river rise from the edge of the water to an elevation of 100 to 300 feet. The principal one of these, opposite Albany, is known as Pon-o-kose Hill.9 From the summits of these bluffs the surface spreads out into a rolling upland, rising toward the E. The chief streams are Tierken Kil,10 or Mill Creek, in the central, and Moordeners Creek in the s. w. part of the town. The soil consists of sand, gravel, and clay, and is very fertile. There are several sulphur springs in town, the principal of which is opposite Albany and is known as "Harrowgate." A large island called Papskanee" lies in the river, and belongs to this town. East Greenbush (p.o.) is the only village. It contains the Greenbush and Schodaek Aca- demy12 and about a dozen houses. Settlements are supposed to have commeneed here as early as
1 See p. 556.
2 From this time the timid were emboldened, the secretly dis- Batisfied overawed, and great numbers before undecided now committed their fortunes to the cause of freedomn.
8 Among the other early settlers were Reuben Bonesteel and a family named Richer, who came in soon after Mr. Briinmer. In 1769, Peter Simmons and Jacob O. Cropsey lived at the Hollow, and in the same year Daniel Hull aud Joseph Green came into town. Col. Bentley settled near N. Berlin, and Thos. Sweet, a blacksmith, at S. Berlin. Jag. Green, a son of Joseph G., died in 1857. aged 100 years. Daniel Hull "kept the first tavern before the Revolution, and Hezekiah Hull opened an inn soon after the war. Caleb Bentley built the first grist niill, and Ainos Sweet the first saw-mill, in 1780. Dr. John Forbes, the first physician, located at S. Berlin in 1775. Soon after the battle of Lexington, two companles were formed iu this and the adjacent towns, a part of whom were stationed at D. Ilull's for local pro- fection; the others were engaged elsewhere in active service.
4 The census reports 3 churches; 2 Rap. and Christian.
" This village is the seat of a cotton batting and a sash and blind factory.
" A woolen factory and tannery are located here.
" Among the early settlers were David Coons, and families named Hardwick, Braunschweiger, Springer, Borck. Hayner, Outhout, Van Arnam, Ilogg, Fisher, Benn, Watson, Fret, Quackenboss, Muller, Goeway, and Clum. A man named File kept the first inn, near the Lutheran Church, in 1790, and Henry Clum the first store at Cropseyville. The first factory was erected by a company at "Albia," now a part of Troy. The first mill was built by -- Cross, iu 1792, with no tools but an ax, saw, aud auger.
8 2 M. E., Ev. Luth., and Presh).
9 Name as given by an aged Stockbridge Indian.
10 SignifyIng "blistering or noisy creek."
11 Sometimes written " Porjskenekoes" and " Papakenen." 12 This academy is uow uearly extinct.
555
RENSSELAER COUNTY.
1650.1 During the war of 1812, extensive barracks were ereeted on the hills E. of Greenbush Village; and for several years the place was the center of aetive military preparation, and the rendezvous of large bodies of troops.2 Edmund C. Genet, Minister of the French Republic to the U. S., was long a resident of this town, and died here July 14, 1834. There is but 1 church (Ref. Prot. D.) in town.
GRAFTON-was formed from Troy and Petersburgh, March 20, 1807. It lies N. of the eenter of the eo., upon the summits of the Petersburgh Mts. Its surface is very rocky and broken, and a large part of it is yet covered with forests. The summits of the hills are 800 to 1200 fect above tide, and many of them are covered with huge and jagged masses of graywacke. Among the hills are 25 ponds, several of which cover an area of several hundred acres each.3 The Quacken Kil is the principal stream. The soil is chiefly clay, underlaid by hardpan, and is wet, eold, and hard of cultivation. Mineral paint is made from the red argillite at Quackenkill. Con- siderable quantities of wood, tan bark, and chareoal are sent from this town to Troy. Grafton' (p. v.) contains 14 houses, East Grafton (p. v.) 12, and Quackenkill (p.o.) 10. The first settlements were made by tenants under Van Rensselaer; they paid an average annual rent of 10 bushels of wheat per 100 acres." The eensus reports 2 ehurehes; Bap. and M. E.
GREENBUSII®-was formed from "Rensselaerwyck," April 10, 1792. Another act of incor- poration is dated Mareh 17, 1795. A part of Sand Lake was set off in 1812, and "Clinton" (now E. Greenbush) and N. Greenbush in 1855, leaving but the corporate bounds of the village as defined by the act of April 9, 1852. Its surface consists of the flat intervale on the river and a portion of the adjacent hillsides. The soil is clay mixed with sand and alluvial deposits. Greenbush (p. v.) was ineorp. April 14, 1815.7 Pop. about 3303. The upper part of the village, locally known as "East Albany," contains the depots, freight houses, and machine shops of the several railroads which terminate opposite Albany, and is a place of considerable business.8 The first settlement was made previous to 1631.9 A ferry was established at the mouth of Beaver Creek in 1642, and was first kept by Hendrick Albertsen. The country around " Beverwick" was thrown into alarm by the news of the Indian massacre at Esopus in June, 1663, and the settlers took refuge in Fort Cralo, on the patroon's farm, and a night watch was established.10 There are 4 churches in the village.11
HOOSICK12-was formed as a district, March 24, 1772, and as a town, March 7, 1788. It lies in the N. E. corner of the co. Its surface consists of the narrow valley of Hoosick River, and the wild, rocky regions of the Taghkanick and Petersburgh Mts., rising respectively on the E. and w. The two highest peaks arc Fondas Hill in the s. E. and Potters Hill in the s. w. each about 900 feet above tide. The valleys are very narrow, and are bordered by steep hillsides. A belt of dark slate, which is quarried for roofing, extends along the E. bank of the river. East of the river, the rocks consist of a slaty shale and limestone, the latter furnishing lime. The principal streams are Hoosiek and Walloomsac13 Rivers, Puneh Kil, White Creck, and Shaw Brook. The soil among the mountains is hard and sterile, but in the valleys it is principally clay, mixed with disintegrated slate. In the s. E. corner are 3 springs, from which issuc nitrogen gas.14 Flax is very extensively cultivated.15 Considerable attention is also paid to manufactures. Hoosick
1 Among the early settlers were the names of Van Buren, Van Hegen, Staats, Bris, Vandenburgh, Witbeck, Cnyler, and Van Wesipe.
" The cantonments contained accommodations for 4000 troops. There were also hospital accommodations for 100. This elevated position, sometimes called "Mount Madison," was supposed to be a very healthy locality; but during the first year of its occu- pation much sickness occurred, in consequence of the unavoid- able exposures of the camp .- See Mann's Medical Sketches. Several military executions for desertion took place here during the war. The old barracks have nearly disappeared.
- ¿ These ponds are noted for the wild beauty of their locality, and they are favorite resorts of sportsmen.
4 Often called "Grafton Center," and formerly " Patroons Mills."
5 Among the first settlers were families named Coon, Dim- mons, and Owens. Stephen McChesney kept the first store and inn, in 1800. A grist mill was built at an early day by the pa- troon at. the Center.
. It was named Greene Bosch by the Dutch, from the pine woods which originally covered the flats. Called by the Indian names of l'e-tu-qua-poen and Tus-cum-ca-tick In early docu- ments. A part of Sand Lake was annexed in 1843.
7 The village was purchased and laid out in 1806, and for several years after its growthi was quite rapid. During the War of 1s12 it contained from 50 to 70 houses.
8 See page 552.
9 In that year it is mentioned that Gerrit Teunissen de Reue occupied a well stocked farm. Cornelius Maessen Van Buren, an early settler on the river below, died in 1648. Evert Pele Van Steltyn lived on Mill Creek at an early day.
10 The following nanies of persons constituting this watch have been preserved. Chief Officer, Cornelius Van Ness; Cornelius Stephenson Mullen, Adam Dingermans, Gerrit Van Ness, Jan. Juriaensen, Jan. Van Ness, Jacobus Jansen, T "man Hendricksen, W'm. Bout, (Corporal,) Jan. Outhont, Hendrick Vau Nes, Hen- drick Maessen, (Van Buren, ) Gerret Teunisson, Hans Jacobsen, Hendrick Williamson, and Claes Claessen.
11 Presb .. R. C., (St. Johns.) Prot. E., and M. E.
12 Varionsly spelled Iloosack. Hlosack. Hoosick, &c. By some it is said to be an Indian nanie, and by others to be derived from Alexander Ilosack, an early settler.
13 In early maps and documents variously spelled "Wallom- sock," " Wallamsock," " Wallomschock," " Walmscock." " Wal- lamschock," " Wallamsac," " Walmseec," " Walloomiscoick," and " Walnisook."
14 This gas is not combined with the water, but seems to come from the gravel beds beneath. By pressing upon a surface equal to 4 or 5 inchies square, a quart of gas can be collected in 10 seconds .- Euton's Geol. Survey, Rens. Co., p. 29; Beck's Mineral ogy of N. Y., p. 134.
15 In 1854 the product of the flux crop was over 250,000 lbs. of lint and 8300 bush. of seed.
556
RENSSELAER COUNTY.
Falls (p. v.) was incorp. April 14, 1827. Pop. 1200. It contains Ball's Seminary, 2 foundries, 2 cotton factories, 2 rcaping and mowing machine factories, and 1 establishment for the manufacture of machinery for cotton and woolen factories. North Hoosick! (p. v.) contains 175 inhabi- tants, and Buskirks Bridge (p. v.) 125; Hoosick Corners (Iloosick p.o.) contains 30 houscs, Eagle Bridge (p.v.) 14, Walloomsac2 12, West Hoosick (p. o.) 10, and Potter Hill (p. o.) 7. This town was included in the Hoosick Patent,3 granted June 3, 1688, and the Walloomsac Patent," granted June 15, 1739. The first settlements were made upon the Hoosick Patent by several Dutch families.5 A Dutch church was founded, and known as the " 'Tyoshoke Church," at San Coick, near the N. border of the town. The settlement at 1Ioosick was entirely broken up by a party of French and Indians on the 28th of Aug. 1754. Two persons were killed, and the houses, barns, and crops were destroyed.6 The next day the settlement of San Coick, s. of Hoosick, was also destroyed. The battle of Bennington was fought in this town, Aug. 16, 1777.7 The census reports 6 churches in town.8
LANSINGBURGHI9-was formed from Troy and Petersburgh, March 20, 1807. A tract was annexed from Schaghticoke in 1819. A part of Troy was taken off in 1836, and a part of Bruns- wick in 1839. It is a narrow strip of land extending along the IIudson. In the s. part the river intervale is one-fourth of a mile in width; but in the N. the bluffs rise directly from the water. In the N. E. is a high, rocky hill, 400 to 600 feet above the river. The high bluff E. of the village is called Diamond Rock. The streams are Deepi Kil and Koola Kil. The soil is a gravelly and clayey loam. The people are largely engaged in the manufacture of brushes, oilcloths, flax cordage, and malt liquors. A lock at Troy admits the passage of sloops up to this place.1º Lansingburgh11 (p. v.) contains extensive brush, oilcloth, and other manufactories, the Lansingburgh Academy,12 a Female Seminary,18 6 churches, 2 printing offices, and about 4000 inhabitants. A covered bridge
1 On some maps called " McNamarasville." It is the seat of
a paper mill and machine shop.
2 This village contains a paper mill.
8 This patent was granted to Maria Van Rensselaer, Hendrick Van Ness, Jacobus Van Cortlandt, and Gerrit Finniso. The patent extended from the Schaghticoke Tract, a distance of 2 mi. each side of the river, up to a "certain fall, called Que- quick ; and from said falls, up the creek, to a place called Nach- a-quick-quack."
+ This patent contained 12,000 acres, on both sides of Walloom- sac River, and lying partly in Washington co. and Vt .: it was granted to Edward Collins, James De Lancy, Gerardus Stuy- vesant, Stephen Van Rensselaer, Charles Williams, and Frede- rick Morris.
5 Among these early settlers were Adam Vrooman, (an Indian trader,) IIenry Van Ness, Abraham Fort, Lewis and Peter Viele, John Van Buskirk, Walter Van Vechten, Geo. B. Nichols, Jacob Odekirk, Daniel Bradt, and Reykert Borie.
6 The invaders were supposed to be Schaghticoke Indians, who a little time before had abandoned their settlements and gone to Canada. The loss of the two settlements was estimated at £4000 .- Smith's Hist. of N. Y., Alb. ed., p. 307; Trans. Ag. Soc., 1848, p. 909; Hall's Hist. Eastern Vt., p. 66.
7 The Battle of Bennington was one of the most important of the military events connected with the expedition of Burgoyue in 1777. About the first of Aug. the British army reached the Hudson aud took possession of Fort Edward. For several weeks they had been engaged in repairing the bridges and in clearing the roads from the impediments left by the retreating Ameri- cans; and, upon their arrival at the Iludson, Burgoyne con- gratulated himself that his troubles were at an end. IFis greatest source of embarrassment was in securing provisions for his army and in obtaining means of transportation. With 15 days' hard labor he was only enabled to bring 10 bateaux and 4 days' provisions from Lake George. Learning that the Ameri- cans had collected a large quantity of military stores, cattle, and horses at Bennington, he was persuaded by Maj. Skene, against the advice of his most experienced officers, to send a party to cap- ture them. The detachment consisted of 500 Hessians, Canadians, and tories, under the command of Col. Baum. They were in- structed " to try the affections of the county, to mount Reidsel's dragoons, to complete Peters's corps, [of loyalists,] and obtain a large supply of cattle, horses, and carriages." This accom- plished, he was to scour the country from Rockinghain to Otter Creek, go down as far as Brattleboro, and join the main body by the great road to Albany. The detachment left the camp at Fort Edward, Aug. 13; and on the evening of the same day thoy surprised and captured 5 Americans at Cambridge. On the 14th they advanced as far as the mill upon Walloomsac River. in the N. E. part of Hoosick and within 12 mi. of Ben- nington. Gen. Stark, who commanded the American forces at Bennington, learning of the approach of the enemy, took imme- diate measures for defense. He sent an order to Col. Warner. at Manchester, to march immediately with his regiment of Green Mountain Boys; he rallied the neighboring militia, and on the 13th he sent out an advance gnard of 200 men, rinder Lieut. Col. Gregg, to impede the progress of the enemy. On the
morning of the 14th he marched with his whole forco to the support of Gregg, and about 5 mi. from Bennington he met Gregg in full retreat, with the enemy within 1 mi. of him. Both armies chose strong positions and tbrew up temporary intrenchments. Baum, alarmed at the number of Americans, sent for a reinforcement. On the 15th a heavy rain set in; and the day was spent in skirmishing and in preparing for the battle. Col. Warner's regiment arrived at Bennington in the evening. and there stopped to dry themselves and recruit after their fatigning march. Stark, fearing the enemy might receive reinforcements, resolved to attack them early on the morning of the 16th. Previous to the signal for attack he made the follow- ing laconic speech to his men : " See there, men! there are the red-coats. Before night they are ours, or Molly Stark will be a widow." The attack was at once made simultaneously at all points. The Indians fled at the beginning of the conflict, and tho tories were soon driven from their posts, leaving the Iles- sians to sustain the weight of the engagement. After 2} hours of hard fighting the enemy gave way at all points, and com- menced a disorderly retreat. While the Americans were busy in plundering the abandoned camp of the enemy, and in de- tached parties were engaged in pursuit, Col. Breyman, with a reinforcement of 500 men, arrived. He met the flying fugitives about 2 mi. from the scene of action, and immediately charged upon the broken ranks of tho Americaus. The tide of battle now turned. and Stark had the mortification of seeing his army driven helplessly from the field where they bad so lately been victorious. At this moment Col. Warner's regiment arrived from Bennington and checked the advance of the British. Stark rallied bis broken forces behind the fresh troops, aud soon the battle again became general. At sunset the British fled toward the Hoosick and were pursued by the Americans until dark. The Americans lost about 30 killed and 40 wounded. The British loss, in killed, wounded, and prisoners, was 934. The result of this battle was disastrous in the extremo to Bur- goyne, and contributed more than any otlier event to his final surrender at Saratoga.
8 2 M. E., Bap., Ref. Prot. D., R. C., and Union.
9 The town was named from the village, and the latter was named from Abraham Jacob Lansing, its founder.
10 This lock was completed and opened for use Sept. 10, 1823. About 1800 the State expended large sums for the improvement of navigation to this placo, and granted a lottery for that pur- pose.
11 Formerly known as " New City." It was once claimed by Vermont as within its jurisdiction. See page 18.
12 The Lansingburgh Academy, chartered Feb. 8, 1796. By an act passed Feb. 20, 1816, the trustees of this academy were authorized to subscribe 1000 shares to the Bank of Lansing- burgh. A. Reed, from New Windsor, Conn., commenced school hero in 1793, in a gambrel roofed building, used as the first meeting house. Rev. Dr. Lee taught tho languages at the saine tinie.
18 In Oct. 1857, Rev. Salmon Hatch opened a private female seminary and boarding school. It bas about 100 pupils, and employs 9 teachers.
557
RENSSELAER COUNTY.
here crosses the Hudson to Waterford. The Troy & Boston R. R. passes through the town. The village was founded by Abraham Jacob Lansing, about 1770. It was first organized under the name of "Stone Arabia" in 1771.1 In May, 1775, 50 of the citizens-at the head of whom was A. J. Lansing, the proprietor-signed articles of association pledging themselves to sustain the measures recommended by the Continental or Provincial Congress. The first act of incorporation under the State government was passed April 5, 1790, at which time the village was included in the town of " Rensselaerwyck."? In 1791 it was included in the town of Troy. The place rapidly increased in population, and early became an important trading and commercial village. The first church (Ref. Prot. D.) was organized in 1784; and reorganized in 1792 as a Presb. church.3 Speigletown is a village of 15 houses.4
NASSAU-was formed from Petersburgh, Stephentown, and Schodack, March 31, 1806, by the name of " Philipstown."" Its name was changed April 6, 1808. It lies near the center of the s. border of the co. Its surface is very broken. Snake Hill, in the s. w., is about 800 feet above tide. The principal streams are Kinderhook and Tsatsawassa6 Creeks, and Valatie Kil. There are several fine lakes among the hills, the principal of which are the Tsatsawassa and the Pattawassa. The Psanticoke Swamp, w. of the center, covers several hundred acres. The soil is clay and gravel under- laid by hardpan. Considerable manufacturing is carried on in town.7 Nassau, (p. v.,) incorp. March 12, 1819, is the seat of Nassau Academy. Pop .300. West Nassau8 has 57 houses, East Nassau (p. v.) 45, Hoags Corner (p. v.) 25, Alps (p. v.) 24, North Nassau (p. v.) 15, and Millers Corners 10. Brainards (p. v.) contains a female seminary and 20 houses.º The first settler was Hugh Wilson, who located on the site of Nassau Village in 1760.10 At that time a few families of the Stockbridge Indians were living where Mr. Hoag's orchard now stands.11 The Indians conveyed to Joseph Primmer a tract of land N. of Hoags Pond,12 and another tract s. of it to Hugh Wilson, May 16, 1760.13 Within the last 20 years a considerable quantity of land has been allowed to produce a second crop of timber. There are 7 churches in town.14
NORTH GREENBUSHI-was formed from Greenbush, Feb. 23, 1855. It lics upon the Hudson, directly w. of the center of the co. The clay bluffs, 100 to 200 feet high, rise from the edge of the water, leaving little or no intervalc. From the summits of the bluffs the surface spreads out into a rolling upland, broken by the deep gulleys of the streams. The principal stream is Wynants Kil, in the N. E. Aries Lake, on the E. border, is a fine sheet of water. The soil is a sandy and gravelly loam interspersed with patches of clay. The people are extensively engaged in supplying the markets of Albany and Troy with garden vegetables and milk. Bath,15 opposite the upper part of Albany, contains about 12 houses, Defriestville16 (p. v.) 12, and Wynants- kill (p. v.) 15. The first settlement, made by tenants under Van Rensselaer, was among the first in the manor.17 There are 3 churches in town.18
PETERSBURGH19-was formed from Stephentown, March 18, 1791. Its boundary on the line of Berlin was changed, Jan. 4, 1793 ; parts of Berlin and Lansingburgh were taken off in 1806, and parts of Nassau and Grafton in 1807. It lies upon the E. border of the co., N. of the center. Its surface consists of two precipitous mountain ridges separated by the narrow valley of Little Hoosick River. The highest peaks are 1000 to 2000 feet above tide. The mountain regions are barren and almost inaccessible. The Hoosick River breaks through the Taghkanick Mts. in the Y. E. part. The soil in the valley is a gravelly loam. Petersburgh, (p. v., ) formerly " Rens-
1 At the first meeting in " Stone Arubia," held Jan. 1, 1771, | Gillet, David Waterbury, - McNeil, and -- Wiltsie. Wm. it was voted that A. J. Lansing and his heirs forever should be a committee of the village, with a power equal to each of the four annually chosen by the people.
2 By an act of 1790, John Van Rensselaer, Charles Tillman, Elijah James, Aaron Ward, Stephen Goreham, Ezra Hickock, and Levinus Lansing, were appointed trustees, to take charge of the waste lands of the village and to perform certain munici- pal duties, their successors to be elected annually.
3 The censna reports 8 churches; 2 M. E., 2 Presh., Bap., Af- rican Meth., Prot. E., and R. C.
" The first settlers of this village were Charles W. Douglass and John Follet.
6 Named from Philip Van Rensselaer.
6 Sometimes written "Tackawasick."
" There are a foundery and machine shop at Nassan Village, a paper mill at Brainards, a carding machine and chair factory at Hoags Corner, and a hoe factory at Dunhams Hollow.
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