USA > New York > Gazetteer of the State of New York: embracing a comprehensive view of the geography, geology, and general history of the State, and a complete history and description of every county, city, town, village, and locality, Part 2 > Part 71
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Acres of Land, Valuation, Population, Dwellings, Families, Freeholders, Schools, Live Stock, Agricultural Products, and Domestic Manufactures, of Suffolk County.
ACRES OF LAND.
VALUATION OF 1858.
POPULATION.
SCHOOLS.
NAMES OF TOWNS.
Improved."
Unimproved
Real Estate.
Personal
Property.
Total.
Males.
Females.
No. of Dwellings.
No. of Families.
Freeholders.
Districts .
Children
taught.
Brookhaven
33,696¿ 13.274
90.7234 14,061 28.271
707,200 1.405.900
374.350
1,780,250
4.153 1.676 1,369
4,935 1,095 3,989 1,606 1,365 250
402 1,356 583
1,970 431 1,584 673 555
1,068 418 519
12
1,372
Riverhead
12.883}
4.869!
3.181}
87.500
28.800
116,600
233
520 85
96
70
1
179
Smithtown.
12.5454
17.6454
547,055
146.850
693,905
1.037
1,050
371 1.219
410 1.356
1,064
22
2,279
Southold
21.240
11,482}
1.203.500
276,500
1,480.000
2,865
2,811
1,048
1,129
964
17
2,040
Total
(163,>18} |260.5702
8,686.856 2,285.250
10.972,106 | 20.469 20,437
7,241
8,204
6,093. 151
1 15,301
LIVE STOCK.
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS.
BUSH. OF GRAIN.
DAIRY PRODUCTS.
NAMES OF TOWNS.
Horses.
Working
Oren and
Cows.
Sheep.
Swine.
Hinter.
Spring.
Tons of Hay.
Bushels of
Potatoca.
Bushels of
Pounds
Butter.
Pounds
Choose.
Brookhaven
1,281 569
2.092
1.955
6.069
3,393
36.175號
120,411}
6,425
24,955
6,235 2.690
86,047 37,621
800
Huntington.
1,5×3
1,422
1,776
5.847
3,344
13.280% 39,732}
54,793 141.358}
9.2554
1,677
114,558
Islip
407
708
695
610
1,128
10.592 21.432} 2,566
33,043} 71.645
2.907층 2.3864 550
28.124} 15,691 57.234
1,335
27.095
650
Riverhead.
681
373
154
2.422
370
15.351}
3,091
4.840 3.6954
317 680
40.587
22
Southampton ..
1,103 989
3,549
2,037
2,986
4,004
35.728
177,019}
7,968
29,603
2,689
120,675
100
243
Southold
2,152
1,679
2.216
3,181
32.550
132.6964
5,801} 130.947
6.059
127,982
34
Total
7.111 13.382 10.833 28,016 19.727 203.733
798,3184 41,5054 304,063
27,799
634,405
1,580
870
1 Formerly "Rocky Point." ? Formerly "Oyster Ponds." 3 Among these early settlers were Win. Wells. Barnabas Hor- ton. Thos. Mapes, John Tuthill, and Matthias Corwin.
4 This was the first church edifice erected in the State. The
first pastor was Rev. John Youngs. Ilis successors were Joshna Hobart, in 1674, Benj. Wolsey, in 1720, Jas. Davenport, in 1738, and Wm. Throop, in 1749.
6 5 Presb., 5 M. E., 3 Cong., 2 BaD., R. C., and Univ.
7
608
Southampton.
24.447:
38,506
1.382.000
420,450
1,802.450
3,325
3,336
6,087
71.146 8,694
30
Smithtown.
441
646
662
3.048
1.175
12.376
51,999}
3.1194
8.973
Easthampton.
1,480
$43
4.097
1.076
251.750
$2,473,850 958,950
4.761 1,050
1,657
1,431 317
43
3,773 727
IInntington.
30,573}
9,969
35.757+ 20,9424
771.901
171,800
943.701 722,400
112.750
14
1,113
Shelter Island
242
of
Domestic Cloths, in l'ards.
204 225
Shelter Island.
58
1.032
721
2.056
142
Easthampton.
7
28
3,210
Islip.
No. of
$1,971.850
$502,000
609,650
Calves.
Apples.
of
SULLIVAN COUNTY.
THIS county was erected from Ulster, March 27, 1809, and was GOT named in honor of Maj. Gen. John Sullivan, of the Revolution. It contains an arca of 1,082 sq. mi., and is centrally distant 85 miles from Albany. The surface is generally very hilly, and along the E. border mountainous. In the s. and w. it consists chicfly of ridges separated by narrow ravines; but in the middle and N. it SEA TAS assumes more the character of a rolling plateau. The highlands of this co. may be considered as the s. slope of the Catskills; and near the N. borders of the co. they divide the waters that flow into Hudson and Delaware Rivers. From this elevated por- tion numerous ridges extend toward the Delaware, giving the co. a general southerly inclination. The Delaware cuts these ridges diagonally, its valley forming the only division between the Catskills and the mountains of Eastern Penn. The highest points in the co. are the hills in the town of Rockland, which are estimated to be 2100 to 2400 feet above tide. Walnut IIill, in Liberty, has an elevation of 1980 feet. The lowest summit of the Shawangunk1 Mt., between Bloomingburgh and Wurtzboro, is 1271 feet above tide, and the highest summit is about 500 fect higher. This range of mountains at a distance presents a striking uniformity of outline, which is due to the evenness of stratification of the rock composing it. The lowest point in the co. is upon the Delaware, at the mouth of the Mongaup, which has an elevation of 550 feet above tide. The co. line on the Rondout is elevated 773 feet.
With the exception of a small district on its E. border, through which flow the upper waters of Shawangunk Kil and Lackawack Creek, this co. is drained by the Delaware and its branches, the largest of which are Neversink2 and Mongaup3 Rivers, Beaver Kil and Bashers Kil, and Callicoon (Caw-li-coon) and Ten Mile Creeks. The Neversink flows entirely across the co., having for its tributaries Bashers Kil, Wyncoop Brook, Bush Kil, Cherry-meadow Brook, and several minor streams. Most of these streams are rapid, and afford at numerous points a great amount of water power. In the valleys and forests of the co. are about 100 small lakes, which form peculiar and often picturesque and highly beautiful features in its scenery. Most of these ponds and streams abound in fish, of which trout is the most common. Pickerel have been introduced into several of them.
The geological formation of the co. is exceedingly simple. The whole surface is underlaid by the red sandstone of the Catskill Group and the Shawangunk Conglomerate. These rocks extend south ward into Penn., and form the floor of the coal measures. Of these rocks the latter possesses an economical value for millstones," building stones, and the manufacture of glass. The soil is mostly a reddish loam mixed with gravel, and is generally stony; in the s. E. portion is found some clay. Grass is the staple production, and the hilly character of most of the co. seems to adapt it to grazing rather than to tillage. The facility with which the products of the dairy can now reach the great markets, by means of the N. Y. & E. R. R., has within a few years given an impetus to the prosperity of the co., while the erection of tanneries, which the same thoroughfare has encour- aged, has created a home market of great advantage to the farmer. In 1855 there were in the co. about 40 tannerics, producing over $2,000,000 worth of leather annually and employing about 750 laborers. The lumbering interests also employ large amounts of capital and labor. Winter wheat, formerly considered a sure and abundant crop, is found to yield smaller returns and with less cer- tainty as the country becomes older; and other crops, less valuable but more certain, have been substituted to a great extent. The surplus wheat of Sullivan co. was formerly transported by land to the IIudson, where it found a profitable market; but, with the increase of manufactures, there is now less raised than is consumed in the co. Grass seed of a fine quality is raised in considerable quantities. The fruits are limited to apples, pears, plums, cherries, and a few peaches. The timber along the Delaware Valley is mostly hemlock, pine, oak, and chestnut; and on the highlands it is hemlock, beech, maple, birch, ash, and basswood. The climate is cool and bracing, and the co. is remarkably healthy.
Pron. Shon-gum ; said to signify " white stone."
! On Sauthier's Map, 1779. Mahaickamack, or Never-Sink.
" On Sauthier's Map, 1779, Mangawping, or Mingwing.
4 Esopus millstones, formerly in high repute, were made from the Shawangunk grit.
41
641
642
SULLIVAN COUNTY.
The co. seat1 is located at Monticello, in the town of Thompson. The co. buildings, consisting of a courthouse and jail, are substantial stone edifices, erected in 1844 in place of the original co. buildings, which were burned.2 The poorhouse is located upon a farmi of 100 aeres 3 mi. E. of Monticello. The average number of inmates is 56, supported at a weekly cost of 75 ets. eaeli. The farm yields a revenue of $40C. A school is kept during 3 mo. in the year. No religious instruction is afforded. The house is too small, is poorly ventilated, is not furnished with water, and will not admit of a proper elassi- fication of its inmates.
The 2 great works of internal improvement within the limits of the co. are the Delaware & Hudson Canal,3 extending through the s. E. part, and the N. Y. & E. R. R., built along the valley of the Dela- ware." The former opens an easy and direct communication between the Hudson at Rondout and the Peun. coal mines at Carbondale; and the latter forms one link of the great chain of western travel. Several plank roads have been constructed, as auxiliary to this great thoroughfare, greatly benefiting the sections of country through which they pass. The first newspaper in the co. was issued in 1821.5
Little is known of the early history of the co. Many traces exist of its occupation long anterior to that by the present race of settlers. Upon the first advent of the present settlers, a road was found to extend s. w. from Esopus, on the Hudson, along the valley N. of the Shawangunk Mts. It was known as the " Mine Road," and, according to traditional account, was built by a company of miners from Holland, before the English conquest of 1664.6 Two mines are said to have been wrought,-one where the mountain approaches the Delaware, near the lower point of Panquaroy Flat; and the other N. of the mountain, about halfway between the Delaware River and Esopus Creek. The Minisink Flat, on the border of Orange and Sullivan cos., is said to have been settled by Hollanders many years before the date of Penn's Charter; and the settlement, which extended 40 mi. or more along both sides of the Delaware, had in a great degree become isolated from the rest of the world. When the present settlements were begun, there was a road from the E., near the central part of the co., called the " Porter Road;" and in the N. part was another, called the "Hunter's Road."
With the exception of the vague traditions of early settlement by the Dutch along the Delaware, the first location of a permanent white inhabitant is said to have been made about the year 1700, by Don Manuel Gonzales, a Spaniard, who, having married into a Dutch family in Rochester, (Ulster co.,) removed to Mamakating Hollow, where he erected a house and raised grain. He opened a trade with the neighboring Indians, who were then friendly; and other settlers were induced to follow. Mamakating Precinet was formed in 1743, and until after the Revolution it embraced nearly all of the present eo. of Sullivan. About 1750 a number of German families settled upon the w. frontiers of Ulster co. They suffered greatly from Indian hostilities. The first Indian incursion took place in 1777, when the family of Mr. Sprague, in Mamakating, was attacked. The next year the family of Mr. Brooks was attacked, some members were killed, and others taken prisoners.
On the 13th of Oet. 1778, a party of nearly a hundred tories and Indians, under Brant, invaded the settlements, first falling upon the family of Mr. Westfall, and killing one man. They next attacked the house of Mr. Swartwout, who was at home with his sons, (the women having been previously removed to a fort,) and killed all but one, who escaped. The firing alarmed others, who fled to the forts at Gumars and De Witts, where, by a skillful display of foree by Capt. Abra- ham Cuddeback, who commanded at the former, the enemy were deterred from making an attack.
1 By the act of incorporation the Gov. and council were to appoint 3 commissioners to locate the county seat, and the Board of Supervisors 3 others to superintend the erection of the courthouse and jail. Wm. Ross, Jos. Morrell, and Abraham II. Schenck were appointed for the former purpose, and David Hammond, John Linsley, Malachi West, John Newkirk, and Davies Martin successively for the latter.
2 The first buildings, erected in accordance with an act passed March 22, 1811, were burned Jan. 13, 1844. The first court was held, and the first Board of Supervisors organized, at the house of Curtis Linsley. The county officers first appointed were Win. A. Thompson, First Judge ; Samuel F. Jones and Elnatlian Sears, Associate Judges; John Conklin, Jabez Wakeman. and David Hammond, Assistant Justices ; James S. Dunning, Surro- gate ; Uriah Lockwood, Sheriff; and John P. Jones, Clerk.
3 The Delaware & Hudson Canal Co. was incorp. April 23, 1823. The work was commenced in July, 1825, and completed in Oct. 1828. It was of great importance to the early set- tlers of the co., As it opened an easy and cheap avenne to market.
4 This R. R. enters the co. in the town of Tusten from Penn. It having been found difficult to construct the road on the N. Y. side of the river, the right of way for a short distance was soli- eited from Penn. The petition was granted, and for the sub-
stantial benefit which the R. R. conferred upon that State, the company was subjected to an annual tax of $10,000. This road forms a direct and speedy communication with N. Y., and has been of great value to the co. in stimulating its settlement and developing its resources.
6 The Sullivan County Whig was started at Bloomingburgh in 1821, by Jolin J. Tappan. It was removed to Mouti- cello in 1828, and its name changed to
The Republican Watchman. Frederick A. Devoe and James E. Winslow were successively its editors, and since 1843 it has been published by J. E. Quinlan. The Sullivan County Herald was commenced at Monticello in 1533, and published by M. Siuith, S. Phelps, and others, about 4 years.
The Sullivan County Whig was published at Bloomingburgh in 1844, by J. S. Brown, and subsequently by John Waller, Jr. In 1855 it was changed to the
SullIvan County Democratic Republican, under which title it is now published by Waller.
The Union. Democrat was established at Monticello in 1854. by F. A. Devoe, and was afterward united with The Whig. 6 See Eager's Hist. Orange Co., p. 50, where will be found a letter from Samuel Preston giving the substance of the tradi tion. It is from llazard's Register.
643
SULLIVAN COUNTY.
After firing most of the houses and barns of the settlement, the marauders retired, leaving behind them a melancholy scene of liavoc and desolation at the verge of an inclement winter. The dis- tress thus occasioned was very great. Major Phillips arrived soon after the incursion with a com- pany of militia; but the enemy had fled beyond reach.
In 1777 or '78, Capt. Graham, with a party of 18 men, went to Chestnut Brook in pursuit of some Indians who had been committing depredations upon the settlements at Pine Bush. Having stopped to drink, Capt. Graham saw an Indian in the path, and the party fired a volley without effect. Upon this the Indians on the opposite banks returned the fire with fatal effect, and but 3 of the party escaped to tell the dismal tale. To deprive the enemy of sustenance and the meane for further annoyance, the Legislature, in 1779,1 enacted a law directing the Governor to cause the destruction of such grain and crops in the w. frontiers of Orange and Ulster cos. as could not be removed to a place of safety. In 17832 the precinct of " Mamacotting" and the township of Rochester (the district of the regiment of Col. A. Hawke Hay, and that part of the Goshen regiment on the w. side of the Minisink Mts.) were exempted from a levy then made for the defense of the N. and w. frontiers.$
Several traces of Indian occupation were found in the first settlement of the co. About 4 mi. from the Delaware, on the Flat, was found a brass or copper tomahawk, with a steel edge, and a handle perforated for smoking. Stone axes, flint arrows, &e. were frequently found. In 1793, an Indian living in Rockland, at a place called " Pocatocton," (meaning a river almost spent, ) removed to Niagara. He is supposed to have been the last of his racc that inhabited the co. Indian trails were found along the Delaware, the Beaver Kil, and in other sections.
The part of this co. s. of the s. bounds of Callicoon and Bethel is comprised in the Neversink Patent, conveyed to Matthew Ling and others Aug. 28, 1704; and the remainder of the co. in the great tract granted to Johannes Hardenbergh and others April 20, 1708, and known as the " Hardenbergh Patent."4 The Newburgh and Cochecton Turnpike (incorp. March 20, 1801) was opened across the co. in 1808, and gave the first impulse to its prosperity by making it accessible to settlers. This section continued to receive emigrants from New England and the older sections of the State until its growth was checked by the completion of the Erie Canal to the Genesee country and the great lakes, by which emigration was diverted to the new and fertile lands of the West. Real estate in consequence declined materially in valuc, and many of the early settlers aban- doned their locations and joined the westward current. In 1819 or'20 the Orange Branch Turnpike was made, from Montgomery, (Orange co.,) crossing the Shawangunk Mt. at Roses Gap, and extend- ing across the barrens through Wakemans Settlement to the Neversink Falls, and thence to Liberty. The charter of this road was long since given up, but the route is maintained as a district road.
BETHEL-was formed from Lumberland, March 27, 1809. Cochecton was taken off in 1828 It lies upon the high ridges which form the watershed between Delaware and Mongaup Rivers, a little s. w. of the center of the co. Its surface is broken and hilly, and many of the declivities are steep and rocky. It is watcred by a large number of small streams, mostly tributary to Mon- gaup River; and it has many small lakes, which form a beautiful and romantic feature of the land- scape. White Lake, near the center,-named from its white sandy shores and bottom, -is noted for the beauty of its scenery.5 The other principal lakes are Birch Ridge Pond in the N. w., Horse Shoe and Pleasant Ponds in the N., Mallory Pond in the w., Indian Field Pond in the s., Big and Wells Ponds on the s. line, and Chestnut Ridge Pond and Black Lake and Lake Superior near the center. The soil is a sandy and gravelly loam, intermixed in plaees with clay. The settlements are comparatively new, and the people are chiefly engaged in the raising of neat attle, dairying, lumbering, and tanning.6 Mongaup Valley (p. v.) contains 35 houses, and Bethel 15. Bashville and White Lake are p. offices. John Fuller was the first settler in the "Fuller Settlement," in 1806-07.7 The first preacher (Presb. ) was the Rev. Mr. Green.8
1 October 17.
2 February 21.
8 Incidents connected with these events, and the details of the memorable battle of Minisiuk in July, 1779, are given iu onr account of the towns in which they occurred.
4 Portions of the Hardenbergh Patent were settled upon leases of long term; and during the anti rent excitement, a few years since, the clamor ngainst this tennro prevailed extensively, but without acts of open violence. The refusal to pay rents. which this feeling occasioned, led to a great amount of litigation. Although the excitement has subsided, the question is not fully settled.
6 This lake is noticed in one of the poems of Alfred B. Street, by the name of " Kon-ne-on-ga."
G A tannery at Mongaup Valley, in 1956 manufactured 50,000 | Presb.
sides of leather. valued at $187,00. It consumed about 5000 cords of hemlock bark, and employed 70 men, at a cost of $12,000. There are about 102,000 sides of leather manufactured annually at different tanneries in this town.
7 G. and C. Ilnrd were the first settlers at the Hurd settle- ment ; Adam and Eve Pentler near Bethel ; and Potter and Mattison near White Lake. The first school at Monganp was tanght by G. P. Price, and at Bethel by Dr. Copeland. Gillespie & Hook kept the first store at White Lake, and J. K. Beeman built the first saw and grist mill, on White Lake outlet. The first birth was that of Catharine Fuller, in 1807, and the first death that of a child of Stephen Northrup.
8 The census reports 4 churches; 2 M. E., Presb., and Ref.
644
SULLIVAN COUNTY.
CALLICOON-was formed from Liberty, March 30, 1842. Fremont was taken off in 1851. It lies in the w. part of the co., about the sources of the N. branch of Callicoon Creek. It is watcred by numerous streams flowing into the Delaware, the valleys being mostly narrow ravines, and the hills rising in steep declivities 200 to 600 feet above them. In the N. E. are Shandler and Sand Ponds, the latter affording a pure white sand, formerly used in making glass. The soil is mostly a sandy loam, and the hillsides and summits are generally capable of a good degree of cultivation. The settlement is recent, and the people are about equally engaged in lumbering, farming, and tanning.2 Jeffersonville, (p.v.,) on the line of Cochecton, has a population of 433, of which 305 are in this town. Youngsville, (p. v.,) North Branch, (p. v.,) and Callicoon Center (Callicoon p. o.) have each about 30 houses. The first settlers were Wm. Wood and his sons, Gerrett, Edward, and David, who arrived in town May 19, 1814, and lived 15 years in the wilderness.8 Rev. Mr. McClary, pastor of the Asso. Ref. church of Bethel, was the first preacher."
COCHECTON5 -was formed from Bethel, March 25, 1828. It is situated upon the bank of the Delaware, in the w. part of the co. Ridges of hills, with narrow valleys between, cover the entire surface of the town. The principal streams are the Callicoon and its branches, and several small tributaries of the Delaware. The mouth of the Callicoon is 777 feet above tide. Pike Pond in the E., Perry Pond in the s., and Mitchells Pond and Lake Huntington in the center, are the principal sheets of water. A large part of the surface is still covered with forests. The soil is mostly a gravelly loam, and best adapted to pasturage. Lumbering and tanning form the leading objects of industry. Cochecton (p. v.) contains 269 inhabitants, Pike Pond (p. v.) 188, Callicoon Depot (p. v.) 207, and Stevensburgh (Cochecton p. o.) 209. Beech Wood and Fosterdale are p. offices. Settlements werc begun on the Delaware before the Revolution, but were broken up. The pioneer settler was N. Mitchell, who located near Cochecton Village.6 The first church (Presb.) was formed in 1839, and the Rev. Mr. Cummings was the first pastor.7
FALLSBURGH-was formed from Thompson and Neversink, March 9, 1826. It derives its name from the falls in Neversink River at Fallsburgh Village. Its surface is hilly and rolling. It is drained by the Neversink and its branches. Sheldrake Pond, (named from the wild ducks that formerly frequented its waters,) Smith, Hill, and Brows Ponds in the w., and East Pond, in the E., are the principal lakes. The soil is a gravelly loam. The people are chiefly engaged in lumbering, dairying, and tanning.8 Woodbourne (p. v.) contains 30 houses, Neversink Falls (Fallsburgh p. o.) 25, Hasbrouck (p. v.) 25, Loch Sheldrake (p. v.) 15, and Sandburgh (p. v.) 15. It is said that settlement was commenced in this town by Germans previous to the Revolution,9 but the settlers were driven off during that war. Soon after the peace 3 brothers by the name of Baker located in town and commenced the first permanent settle- ment.10 The first church (Ref. Prot. D.) was built at Hasbrouck.11
FORESTBURGII-was formed from Thompson and Mamakating, May 2, 1837. It lies principally upon the high ridges between Neversink and Mongaup Rivers, and has a broken surface and an average elevation of 1400 feet above tide. In this town are several small lakes, the principal of which are Ruddicks Pond in the N. w., Beaver Pond in the s., and Panther Pond in the center. The town still retains the character implied by its name. Mongaup Falls, on Mon- gaup River, 3 mi. above Forestburgh Village, are worthy of notc. The river here falls into a chasm 70 feet deep, and the banks below the falls are more than 100 feet high. Lumbering, tan-
1 Caw-li-coon. This namo is said to signify "Turkey" in both [ was an extensive Indian burial place, of which traces are occa- Dutch and Indian. The Dutch for turkey is " Kalkoen." In the sionally plowed up at the present day. There are about 900 Germans in this town. statutes and official publications of the State the name is coni- monly written "Collikoon."-Harper's N. Y. d. E. R.R.Guide., p. 84. " There are 5 large tanneries in town, which manufacture about 125,000 sides of leather annually.
3 Edward was a cooper; the others wero farmers. The first child born was John Wood. Jacob Quick built the first saw- mill, and Samuel Young kept the first store and built the first mill, at Youngsville. In 1833-34 settlers began to conie in from Conn. and the N .; and in 1840 Germans began to settle in the town in considerable numbers. The latter class now forin about one-third of the population.
4 The census reports 2 churches : Luth., Asso. Ger. Meth.
5 Co-shek.tun. Originally called " Cush-nun-tunk," or low grounds.
6 Among the other early settlers were David Young, at Big Island; John Ross, at Callicoon Creek ; Nicholas Conklin and --- Tyler, at Cochecton. Job Jones taught the first school. near Cochecton ; Maj. Ebenezer Taylor kept the first tavern and store, at Cochecton; and Mitchell Conklin built the first sawmill, on Mitchells Pond Brook. On Big Island, 2 mi. above Cochecton,
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