USA > New York > Gazetteer of the State of New York: embracing a comprehensive view of the geography, geology, and general history of the State, and a complete history and description of every county, city, town, village, and locality, Part 2 > Part 41
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8 Among the first settlers were David Webb, in 1810; R. Streeter. in 1814: and Peter and Samuel Wells. in 1815. The first birth was that of Phebe Ann Wood; the first marriage, that of Samuel Wells amt Elizabeth Gordon ; and the first death, that of an infant child of Mr. Ward. Renben Snyder built the first sawmill. in 1822. The first school was taught by Polly Allport. in 1817. 4 Named by the proprietor. Geo. Scriba.
6 . During the French Revolution of 1793. when the French nobility were compelled to seek safety in fight. and the trains of exiles to this country were crowded with dukes and princes of the blend. the Count St. Hilary. a young Frenchman, and his beautiful and accompdished wife. a daughter of the noble honse of Clermont. landed upon our sheres. Following the trail of emigration westward, they reached Oneida Lake. then on the great thoroughfare of travel : and. attracted by the beautiful island mil its primitive forests, they lamled upon it, and con- cluded in make it their future home. Here. in the drep soli- tude of nature. they enjoyed for many months perfect peace and quietude. Their place of residence was at length discovered by Chancellor Livingston, who had formerly enjoyed the elegant hospitalities of the lily's family at l'aris. He visited them in their rural home. and, after spending some time with them. he prevailot upon them to return with him to his mansion nyon the Hudson. There they continued to reside until Bonaparte | taught the first school, in 1812.
upon the bank of the Seine. amidst a crowd of distinguished Parisians, to witness the first experiment of Robert Fulton in steam navigation, he was recognized by the Count, who at once took him to his residence, and treated him during his stay at Paris as a generous benefactor and an honored guest. Livingston's man- sion npon the Hudson and the first steamboat of Fulton and Living- ston were both named, in honor of the lady's family, ' Clermont.'" G There are 34 sawmills, 2 flouring mills, 3 glass factories, 2 tanneries, an iron fonudery, and other manufacturing establish- ments in town.
7 Named from James Cleveland, who settled here in 1828.
8 Solomon Waring. Joshua Lynch, and Dr. Vandercamp settled in town iu 1793; and Jobn Bernhard in 1795. The first birth was that of George Waring, April 11, 1:26. The first store was opened in 1793, by Mr. Scriba, and the first inn the same year, by Major Solomon Waring. In 1794-95. Mr. Scriba erected in this town the first sawmill and gristmill built in the co. The first school was opened in 1797, at Constantia.
9 Presh .. Prot. E., M. E .. , Asso. Presh., Friends. Ref. Prot. D., R.C. 10 So named from the circumstance of a battle having been fought upon it between the English, under Col. Bradstreet, and the French, with their Indian allies, in 1756.
11 There are 15 sawmills, 1 gristmill, 2 tanneries, and a starch factory in town.
12 Henry Bush settled in town in 1793: -- Penover in 1794. Peter Hugnnin in 1803: Baruet. Morrey in 1504 : and JJohn Hnt chinson in 1968. The first store was opened in 1792. by an Inenman trader by the name of Fowler : and the first inn was kept ly John J. Walrad, in 1807. The first sawmill was built by Schenck & Wilson. in 1814. and the first gristmill in 1822. Benj. Robinson
13 Prot. Episc. and M. E.
522
OSWEGO COUNTY.
HANNIBAL-was formed from Lysander, as a part of Onondaga co., Feb. 28, 1806, and em- braced all that part of Oswego co. lying w. of the river. Oswego and Granby were taken off in 1818. It is the N. w. corner town of the co. Its surface is gently undulating, the ridges being 30 to 50 feet above the valleys. In the E. part are several swamps, one of which covers 500 acres. The soil is a rich, sandy and gravelly loam. A salt spring, from which salt has been manufactured, is found in the N. w. corner. Springs of brine, characteristic of the Medina sandstone strata, have been discovered in several other localities, but none of sufficient strength to render their working profitable. The principal manufacturing establishments are those of leather, lumber, and the pro- ducts of wood.1 Hannibal, (p. v.,) on Nine Mile Creek, a little w. of the center of the town, contains 3 churches and about 60 houses; Hannibal Center (p. v.) contains 20 houses ; and Hulls Corners (South Hannibal p. o.) 18. Wheelers Corners is a hamlet in the N. part, and Kinneys Four Corners is a p. o. Settlement was commenced in 1802, by Thomas Sprague and his sons, from Milton, Saratoga co.2 The first church (Bap.) was organized in 1815.3
HASTINGS-was formed from Constantia, April 20, 1825. It lies upon the N. shore of Oneida River, in the s. part of the co. Its surface is level or gently undulating, its northern boundary being about 75 feet above Oneida Lake. The soil is clay, sand, and gravelly loam. In some parts of the town it is difficult to find fresh water by digging. Brine springs are found in several parts in the red Medina sandstone formation. In the N. E. part is a tamarack swamp, of about 5 acres, in the center of which is an immense spring 10 feet in diameter. This spring is on a level with the surrounding summit; and it is surrounded by a deep, loose muek which extends downward to an unknown depth. There are 18 sawmills, several gristmills, and 2 tanneries in town. Central Square (p. v.) contains about 50 houses; Hastings, (p. v., ) in the N. part, 30; Caughdenoy, (Coc-e-noy,) (p.v.,) on Oneida River, in the s. w. part, 30; and Hastings Center (p. v.) 15. Smiths Mills and Fort Brewerton are villages of about 20 houses each. The latter is situated at the foot of Oneida Lake, on the site of old Fort Brewerton.4 The first settlement was made at Fort Brewerton, by Oliver Stevens, in 1789.5 There are 4 churches in town.
MEXICO-was formed from Whitestown, April 10, 1792, as part of Herkimer co. Parts of Richland and New Haven were annexed May 9, 1836. It included the northerly towns of Oneida co., nearly all of Lewis and Jefferson cos. w. of Black River, and all of Oswego co. E. of Oswego River. Camden was taken off in 1799, Champion, Redfield, Turin, Watertown, and Lowville in 1800, Adams in 1802, Lorraine and Williamstown in 1804, Volney in 1806, Constantia in 1808, New Haven in 1813, and Parish in 1828. Its surface is gently rolling. It is well watered by numerous small streams, the principal of which are Little Salmon and Sage Creeks. There is scarcely a foot of waste or broken land in the town. The underlying rock is gray sandstone, covered deep with alluvial deposits. The soil consists of clay, sand, and gravelly loam, and is very productive. Considerable attention is given to stock raising and dairying; the manufacture of lumber, barrels, and leather is carried on to some extent.6 Mexico, (p.v.,) near the center, was incorp. Jan. 15, 1851, and con- tains 3 churches, an academy,1 12 stores, 2 banks, 3 hotels, 3 flouring and grist mills, a sawmill, a furnace and machine shop, 3 coach factories, 4 carriage shops, and 3 cabinet shops. Pop. 948. Colosse, (p.v .. ) in the s. E. part, contains 1 church, 2 inns, a store, 2 sawmills, and 2 gristmills. Pop. 119. Texas,8 (p. v.,) located near the month of Little Salmon Creek, contains 30 houses: Union Square, (p. o.) in the E., is a hamlet. The names of the earliest settlers within the pre- sent limits of this town are lost. There were about 25 who had already located in 1798; Jonathan Parkhurst aml Nathaniel Rood, from Oneida co., came that year.9 By the upsetting of a boat upon the lake, in 1799, Capt. Geerman and 6 others were lost, and in 1804, by a similar disaster, 9 others,
1 There are 18 sawmills, a stave factory, 2 gristmills, and 2 | Bellows and Betsey Vickery, in 1808; and the first death, that tanneries in town.
2 Watson Earl, Samnel Baron, Joseph Weed, Sterling Moore, David Wilson. amt Israel Messenger settled at Hannibal Center in 1-05. The first birth was that of Carr Spragne, in 1805 ; the first marriage, that of Daniel Thomas and Prudence Sprague, in 1803: and the first death, that of a daughter of Thomas Sprague. in 1800. The first gristmill was built by Earl & Colton. in 1805; and the first sawmill. by Silas Crandell. in 1911. The first inn was kept by Henry lennings, in Iso8; the first store. by Benj. Phelps, in 1~15: and the first school was taught in 1910.
3 The retiens reports & churches: 2 Kap. Cong .. and M. E.
of Horatio Stevens. in 1592. Chester Loomis kept the first inn, in 1815; and Hastings Curtis, the first store, in 1820. The first school was tanght by Patrick Vickery, at Canghdenoy.
6 There are 19 sawmills. 5 gristmills, a fulling and cloth dress- ing mill, a woob'n factory, and 3 tanneries.
" The Mexien Academy wasorganized in 1826, as the " Renssel- arr Oswego Academy." Its name was changed May 19, 1843. 8 Formerly called "Vera Cruz." Sec p. 520.
9 Phimas Davis and Calvin Tiffany, from Conn .. settled in 1799: John Morton and Asa Davis in 1801 : Peleg Brown. Daniel Booes, and Leonard Ames in 1804; and Solomon Peck in 1805. The first birth was that of Truman Rood. Ang. 10. 1799; and
4 A little k. of the fort ground is a sandbank, in which bones are fonud belonging to nen wer; fet high. A mound at the ! the first marriage, that of Richard Gafford and Mrs. Rood. widow E. extremity of the bank is full of human bones, indicating the For X. Rood. The first grist and saw mill were built by Mr. Scriba's agent; and the first store was kept by Benj. Wright. The first school was taught by Sanford Douglass, at Colosse, in 1806. place of sepulture for thousands-Clark & Onondaga, vol. 2. p. 152. 6 Among the rally settlers were Timothy Vickery. Chester Loomis, Solomon ABlen. and Jacob Hice. The first birth was that of Jobn L. Stevens, in 1802; the first marriage, that of Silas
523
OSWEGO COUNTY.
leaving but 1 male adult inhabitant in the settlement.1 There are 10 religious societies and 9 church edifiees in town.2
NEW HAVEN-was formed from Mexico, April 2, 1813. A part was annexed to Mexico May 9, 1836. It lies upon the shore of Lake Ontario, w. of the center of the co. The surface is rolling and generally smooth. It is watered by Spring Brook, Catfish and Butterfly Creeks, 3 small streams flowing into Lake Ontario. There is quite an extensive marsh near the mouth of Butterfly Creek, in the N. E. part of the town, and another in the s. w. part. The underlying rock is gray sandstone, and the soil is principally a sandy and gravelly loam. Stock raising receives more atteu- tion in this than in the other towns of the co., and a limited amount of manufacturing is done.3 New Haven, (p. v.,) situated near the center of the town, on Catfish Creek, contains 2 churches, 2 inns, a store, a sawmill, a gristmill, and about 50 houses. Butterfly is a p. o. near the E. line of the town. The first settlement was made by - Rood and - Doolittle, at New Haven, in 1798.4 The first church (Cong.) was organized at New Haven Village, in 1817; and Rev. William Williams was the first minister. There are now 2 churches in town; Cong. and M. E.
ORWELL-was formed from Richland, Feb. 28, 1817, and Boylston was taken off in 1828. A part of Richland was annexed March 27, 1844. It is an interior town, lying N. E. of the center of the co. The surface has a s. w. inclination, its E. border being elevated 300 to 500 feet above its w. and 700 to 1,000 feet above Lake Ontario. It is moderately hilly, and is considerably broken in places by the deep ravines of the streams. Upon Salmon River is a fall worthy of note. The stream flows over a rocky bed in a series of rapids for 2 mi. and then falls over a precipice 110 feet perpendicular. The banks of the stream below the fall are 200 feet high. The soil is generally a gravelly loam. The E. half of the town is yet uncultivated. Lumber and other products of wood form the leading articles manufactured ; and considerable attention is given to stock raising and dairying.5 Orwell Corners, (Orwell p.o.,) in the w. part, contains 1 church, 3 stores, an inn, a sawmill, a gristmill, a tannery, a steam cabinet factory, and about 40 houses. Maline is a hamlet in the s. part. The first settlers were Nathaniel Bennett and his son Nathaniel, from Rensselaer co., N. Y., on Lots 82 and 83, and Capt. Noyes, on Lot 29, in 1806.6 There are 3 religious societies in town."
OSWEGO CITY-formed from Oswego and Scriba, was incorp. as a village March 14, 1828, and was enlarged and organized as a city March 24, 1848.8 It is situated on Lake Ontario, at the mouth of Oswego River,9 that stream dividing the eity into two nearly equal parts. The river is bordered upon 0 each side by a ridge, which rises in gradual slopes to a height F of about 100 feet, and ends in bluffs on the lake shore 40 to 60 feet high. The summits of these ridges are about 1 mi. apart, and descend from the river in the same gradual slopes as toward S it. One mi. w. is a valley opening through the ridge into the river above the falls, through which the Oswego must have onee flowed into the lake. The s. border of the city is skirted by a bluff or escarpment about 160 feet above the lake, indicating an ancient lake or sea beach. Here commences the deep ravine excavated by the river through strata of red sandstone of the Medina group and underlying shale. From this the geological induction is made that, at the last great physical change which elevated the country from the bed of an ancient ocean and brought the river into existence, it fell directly into Lake Ontario, at the escarpment, by a fall of moderate
1 Capt. Geerman, Nathaniel Rood. - Spencer and son, Wheaton, - Clark, and -- Doolittle were those who were lost by the first accident. l'enj. Winch was the male survivor. 2 2 Bap., 2 M. E., Cong., Presb., Free and Union Bethels. R. C., Prot. Fren .. and Union. The Union Society holds its meetings in the Town Hall at Mexico.
3 There are 9 sawmills, 2 gristmills, and other manufacturing establishments in town.
+ Mr. Wright settled in the town in 1798; Solomon Smith in 1800: C. Drake and Capt. Gardner in 1804 ; David Enos, Joseph Bailey. aml James Jerret in 1805; and Warner Drake in 1808. The first birth was that of loken D. Smith. in Feb. 1505. The first sawmill was erected by Ira Foot. in 1805, and the first gristmill by Waldo Brayton, in 1809. Harriet Eason tanght the first school. in the summer of 1806.
5 There are 16 sawmills, 16 shingle mills, & gristmill, and a tannery in town.
6 Among the early settlers were Benj. Reynolds, JosIma Hol- lis. Ahlen. Gilbert, and Timothy Balch. The first marriage was that of Robert Wooley and a daughter of Nathaniel Bennett,
sen., in 1807 ; and the first death, that of the mother of Timothy Batch, in 1810. The first school was taught by Jesse Aiken, in 1810. Joseph Watson built the first sawmill, in 1510, and Jonah Tompson the first gristmill, in 1816.
7 M. E., Presh., and Bap. A Union church at Orwell Corners is occupied by the Presh, and Bap, societies.
8 At the first village meeting, held May 13. 1828, Hon. Alvin Bronson was elected President, and Daniel Hngmin. jr., George Fisher, Nathaniel Vilas, jr., David P. Brewster, Theophilus S. Morgan, Joseph Turner, and Orlo Strele, Trustees. The first city officers, elected in April, 1848, were as follows: Mayor, James Platt ; Aldermen, Hunter Crane. Gilbert Mollison, Ste- phen II. Lathrop. Robert Oliver, Geo. S. Alvord. Joby Boigrol, Samuel S. Taylor, and William S. Malcolm, 'The council ap- pointed J. M. Casey City Clerk.
9 By the river and ennal it is AS mi .. by R. n. 35 mi,, N. N. W. of Syracuse : by the Oswego and Erie Canals 208 mi., by the Oswego and Central line of R. R. 183 mi., and by the surveyed route of the Oswego & Troy R. R. 170 mi., w. x. w. of Mbany.
524
OSWEGO COUNTY.
height, the upward movement being gradual and intermittent. The pauses by which it was inter- rupted are marked by ancient beach lines, ridges, and terraces found at different heights above the lakes. The Oswego Falls are now 11 feet high; and, as they have receded s. 12 mi., to the village of Fulton, with an ascending average grade of about 9 feet per mi. in the excavated bed of the river, they must have diminished in height and grandeur from age to age during the whole period of re- eession. This hypothesis is sustained by geographical and geological analogy with the Falls of the Genesce and the Niagara. The aggregate fall of the river within the 12 mi. is 110 feet, of which 34 feet are within the limits of the city; and the whole fall is so distributed by 6 successive dams, built by the State for canal and slackwater navigation, that the water of the river may be used by raceways nearly the whole distance, affording one of the finest water-powers in the world. The river forms the outlet to the 11 lakes which cluster in the basin of Central New York, and drains a wide extent of territory. These lakes form natural reservoirs which prevent floods or undue ex- haustion, the extreme elevation and depression of the river not exceeding 3 feet, so that destructive freshets, so common to great water-power rivers, never occur. The mouth of the river admits vessels of the largest class navigating the lakes; and the erection of piers and a lighthouse by the U. S. Government renders it one of the safest and most accessible harbors on the lakes, susceptible of inde- finite enlargement, and combining canal and R. R. transportation with the advantages of position as the nearest lake pert to tidewater. A hydraulic canal extending along both sides of the river is studded with mills, elevating warehouses, and other manufacturing establishments.
The city is handsomely laid out, with streets 100 feet wide, intersecting each other at right angles. The E. and w. banks of the river are connected by two bridges, built by the city,-the lower one, an iron bridge with a draw for the passage of vessels, on Bridge St., the upper on Utica St., at the terminus of the Oswego & Syracuse R. R. The principal public buildings are an edifice recently ereeted by the U. S. Government, containing a custom house, post-office, and U. S. courtroom,1 a city hall,2 jail, orphan asylum, eity hospital, city library, and 12 churchlies.3
The Orphan Asylum is situated upon the elevated ground in the southern part of the city, com- manding a fine view of the city, harbor, and lake. It was founded in 1853, mainly through the influence of the ladies of Oswego, and continues to be principally supported by them. Orphans and children of destitute parents, from earliest infancy to 8 years of age, are admitted and cared for and afterward placed out in respectable families. A primary and Sabbath school are connected with the institution. The number of inmates ranges from 50 to 100.
The City Library was founded by a donation of $25,000 from Hon. Gerrett Smith. The edifice is finely located upon the E. side of the river; and the library at present contains 9,000 volumes."
The Public Schools are graded and free; they are under the care of a Board of Education and Superintendent. The system embraces the primary, junior, senior, and high school departments; and pupils can receive instruction from the primary branches to an extended academic course. In 1857 there were in the city 23 school districts, in which were employed 47 teachers,-8 males and 39 females. The number of children between 4 and 21 was 5,516, of which 4,175, or 75 per cent., attended school during some portion of the year. The total receipts and expenses during the year was $26,341 14; the number of volumes in the district libraries, about 3,000.
The commerce of Oswego is very extensive, and is increasing much more rapidly than the popu- lation.5 Being situated near the foot of lake navigation, and nearer to N. Y. than any other lake port, it has commercial facilities superior to those of most of the Western cities. A considerable share of the produce of the West flows through this port on its way to the seaboard markets; and it is the principal entrepôt of the agricultural products of Canada West. The salt of Onondaga is mostly distributed through the Great West from this place : and vast quantities of the manufactured goods of the East are sent through the same channel. The official report of the value of the lake and canal trade, derived from the Custom House and Canal Collector's Office, for 1845, was $7,951,409, and for 1856 was $50,612,603, showing an annual average increase of nearly 20 per cent. The amount of registered tonnage in 1846 was 15,513 tons, and in 1856 it was 46, 467 tons.6
The manufacturing interests of the city have attained to considerable magnitude, although the vast water-power of Oswego River is occupied but to a limited extent. Flour made from the wheat
1 This edifice is constructed of Cleveland sandstone and iron. and is entirely fireproof. Its cost was abont $120.000.
2 This building contains the rooms of the Common Council and Board of Education, and the offices of the City Clerk, Re- corder. and other city otherrs.
with 2 stories above. having an aggregate height of wall of 36 feet above the basement.
5 Pap. in 1555. 15,816. Estimated in 1858. 18,000.
6 The operation of the late Reciprocity Treaty with England has proved, as was anticipated, most favorable to Oswego. The $ 2 Prot. E., 2 Presb., 2 Bap., 2 M. E., 2 R. C .. Univ., and importation of grain at The port in 1856 was 13.504,074 lawshels : Af. Meth.
and the peculiar manufacturing and commercial advantages of 4 This edifice, erected in 1856, is built of brick. and is 92 by | the place have made it the great flour and growin market of Con- 62 feet, with a vestibule 15 by 16 feet, a basement 9 feet high, , tral New York and Northern Sew Englaml,
325
OSWEGO COUNTY.
of Canada and the Western States forms the leading article manufactured. The Oswego mills, 18 in number, with an aggregate of 100 run of stone, are capable of grinding and packing 10,000 barrels of flour per day,-a greater amount than is manufactured at any other place on the continent.1
Shipyards and 2 marine railways rank among the important manufacturing establishments of the city, and give large employment to labor. The Oswego Starch Factory, erected in 1848, upon the hydraulic canal, on the w. bank of the river, is one of the most prosperous and extensive esta- blishments of the kind in the world .? Lumber is extensively dressed in the city for the Western markets, from Canadian sawed lumber entered free under the Reciprocity Treaty. The Oswego Cotton Mills is a well managed and productive establishment, operating 83 looms, 2,664 spindles, and giving employment to 65 operators. A little above, on the same caual, is an exten- sive tannery. The Ontario Foundery, Steam Engine and Machine Works, is one of the most extensive and prosperous establishments of the kind in the State. Many other branches of manu- factures are carried on in the city.
The early history of Oswego has already been noticed in the general history of the co.3 Its distinctive and modern history dates from its surrender by the British iu 1796. The withdrawal of the British garrison took away from the place all that had ever been established of civilized society, and left it as new as though man had never resided there. During the year following the evacuation, Neil McMullin, a merchant of Kingston, moved thither, bringing with him a house framed at Kingston.4 In 1802 but 2 or 3 vessels were owned on the American side of the lake, trade being principally carried on by vessels belouging to the Northwest Fur Company. During this year Benajah Boyington built a warehouse on the w. side of the river, and Arch. Fairfield became a forwarding merchant. Salt from the Onondaga Springs was at that time the most important item in the commerce of Oswego. In 1803, Matthew McNair engaged in the forwarding business and purchased a schooner. In 1804 he built another, and, in connection with other gentlemen, purchased a number of Canadian vessels.5 From this period shipbuilding was carried on briskly, and it formed a leading interest until the breaking out of the War of 1812.
The war put an end to commercial transactions; but the place became the scene of stirring mili- tary events. The fort was garrisoned and commanded by Col. Mitchell. On the 5th of May, 1814, the British fleet under Sir James Yeo appeared off the harbor and opened a heavy fire upon the place. The fire was returned by the 4 small guns which constituted the only armament of Fort Ontario, and by a small battery on the w. side of the river. The next morning the British took position still nearer the shore, and under the cover of a heavy fire 2 columns of the enemy effected a landing. After a gallant but vain defense, Col. Mitchell retreated, leaving the fort and town in possession of the enemy.6 The principal object of the attack was to secure the naval stores destined for the new vessels building at Sackets Harbor; but a large share of these were at Oswego Falls, 12 mi. above, and were not taken. Several cannon and other heavy articles lying upon the wharf were sunk in the river, at the command of Col. Mitchell; these were afterward recovered. On the morning of the 7th the British retired, and the fleet proceeded N. to blockade Sackets Harbor. Lieut. Woolsey, who had charge of the stores, immediately dropped down the river, and, with 19 boats laden with stores, set out on the lake under cover of night, and supported by a body of riflemen and Indians, under Maj. Appling, on shore. The boats were pursued, and took refuge in Sandy Creck, where an action took place, resulting in the capture of the entire attacking party.7
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