USA > New York > Gazetteer of the State of New York: embracing a comprehensive view of the geography, geology, and general history of the State, and a complete history and description of every county, city, town, village, and locality, Part 2 > Part 74
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1.500
2.395
Owego
1,383
3,680
2,813
8,176
2,837 12,353
185,384}
46.52S1
29,694
235.444
4.644
3.1755
Richford
284
783
788
2,143
445
775
42.208
2.047
6.009
10.927
84,021
1.625
644
Spencer
426
1,608
913
3,061
673
2.658
68,140
3,078₺
9,021
14,197
90,803
2,200
962
Tioga
536
1,789
1,155
3,698
1,137
6,770
91,827
4.296
13,432
25.457
126.424
2.363
2,012
Total
5,678 16,710 12,954
36,152 11,248 45,2394
828,805+ 38,4012 150,5184 169,183 1,365,783
50.357 |:16,390}
$713,367
$134,450
$847,817
770
775
553 213
5
376
Candor
30,769
690,945
37,750
25,675
13
723
Nichols
12,050
387 319
403
365 170
13
720
NAMES OF TOWNS.
Horses.
| Working
Oren and
| Calves.
Cows.
Sheep.
Swine.
Winter.
Spring.
LIVE STOCK.
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS.
BUSH. OF GRAIN.
DAIRY PRODUCTS.
of
1,657
Berkshire ..
203
219
311,586
347
.
2,907₺ 8.404
1 Among the carly settlers were Joel Farnham, Jeremiah | from Wyoming, Penn .; Daniel Mersereau, from Staten Island; White, Abel Stafford, Elizur Wright, Samuel Giles, Hugh E. Francis Gragg, Nathaniel Goodspeed, Jesse, Ziba, and Amos Miller, Enos Canfield, Lodowyck Light, - Lyon, and Ezra Smith, from Westchester co., N. Y. Fiddis; John Hill, from Mass. ; William Taylor, from Saratoga co .; Nathaniel Catlin, Cornelius Taylor, Beriah Mundy, John Smith, James Schoonover, - Taylor, and - Hungerford,
TOMPKINS COUNTY.
THIS county was formed from Cayuga and Seneca, April 17, 1817. Three towns were annexed from Tioga, March 22, 1822, and a part of Schuyler co. was takon off in 1854. It lies around the head of Cayuga Lake, s. w. of the center of the State, is centrally distant 141 nii. from Albany, and contains 506 sq. mi. Its surface consists principally of an upland, broken by a series of ridges extending N. and s. The watershed between Cayuga Lake and Tioughnioga River occupies the E. border of the co., and that between the same lake and Susquehanna River the s. border. The deep valley of Cayuga Lake, 700 ft. below the summits of the ridges, separates the N. portions of the co. into two distinct parts. The E. portion, declining toward the N., gradually loses its hilly character and spreads out into the beautifully rolling lands so common in Central N. Y. West of the lake the land does not lessen in height within the limits of the co .; but the rough, broken hills change into smooth ridges, with long, gradual slopes.
The deep valley of Cayuga Lake affords a fine opportunity to examine the geological structure of this region. Upon the shore in the extreme N. part are found the Hamilton shales, the lowest rock in the co. Next above them on the shore appear the Tully limestone, Genesee slate, and Portage or Ithaca shales and sandstones.1 The summits of all the hills are forined of the rocks belonging to the Chemung group, usually covered deep with drift deposits. The streams, in their course from the table lands to the lake, have worn deep channels into the rocks, and waterfalls which once were, probably, at the face of the bluffs, have receded one to two miles, forming below deep, rocky chasms bordered by perpendicular walls. As the rocks are composed of strata of different degrees of hardness, the water has worn them irregularly,-the soft and yielding shales generally forming a declining surface, while the hard and compact limestone retains its perpen- dicular forms.2
The streams are Salmon, Fall, Cascadilla, Six Mile, and Taughanick Creeks and Cayuga Inlet and their branches, flowing into the lake, and several branches of Owego Creek and other small streams, flowing s. The cascades upon these streams form one of the most peculiar and interesting features of the landscape.
The soil in the N. part is generally a gravelly or clayey loam, formed by the drift deposits; and that in the s. is a gravelly or slaty loam, derived from disintegration. It is all best adapted to grazing. In the N. part the people are generally engaged in grain raising, wheat forming the staple production. In the s. towns the principal branches of agriculture pursued are stock raising and dairying. Considerable manufacturing is carried on at Ithaca and other places.
The co. seat is located at the village of Ithaca. The courthouse is a brick edifice, built upon a fine lot near the center of the village.3 The jail, contiguous to the courthouse, is a well built stone edifice, with ample accommodations for the health of the prisoners. The cells are clean and well ventilated. The co. clerk's office is a fireproof building, fronting upon Tioga St. The poor- house is situated upon a farm of 100 aeres in Ulysses, 6 mi. N. w. of Ithaca. The average number of inmates is 53, and the revenue derived from the farm is about $1,500. No sehool is provided for the children, and they are not admitted to the public schools. The house is in bad repair, destitute of ventilation, and entirely unfit for the residence of so many human beings.
The Cayuga & Susquehanna R. R. extends from Ithaca to Owego, connecting with the Erie R. R. at the latter place. Cayuga Lake is navigable and connects with the Erie Canal at Monte-
I The Tully limestone furnishes an abundance of lime: hinge , the absence of a resisting stratum at the surface, the rock has fragments of this rock are found scattered over the land several . Been worn down in a continous slope .- Gol. IV. Die. p. 378, hundred feet alive the regular veins of the rock, showing that : 379. some great force had been in operation here at some furnier period. The Genesee slate is about 100 ft. thick, and the Portage group 300 ft.
2 The Tanghatrick Falls, below Trumansturgh, have recoded something more than a mile from the lake. " In its passage, the stream first produced a series of falls and rapids, but finally receded so as to form Imt a single fall. This is caused by the higher strata being so much harder than those below that a firm table is formed of these, white those below are under- mined." About 1 mi. N. of these falls is a cascade, where, from
3 The act of incorporation fixed the courthouse at Itbaca. the exact locality to be designated by the Surveyor General. ta. if he neglected to do it, by the judges of the co. court. Unless a site was conveyed to the Supervisors and $7,000 seenred to be pant, the co. was to be reannexed to the cus, from whener it was taken. Luther Gere, Win. R. Collins, and Daniel Bates wore appointed to superintend the erection of the co. buildings. The first ca. officers were Oliver C. Comstock, First Judge ; Areber Green, Clerk ; Henry Bloom, Sheriff; and Andrew D. W. Bruyn, Surrogate.
654
655
TOMPKINS COUNTY.
zuma. A daily line of steamers plies between Ithaca and Cayuga Bridge, on the N. Y. C. R. R., touching at all the landings on the lake. The railroad and canal and lake constitute one of the principal routes for supplying the West with the anthracite coal of E. Penn.
Four weekly newspapers are now published in the co.1
The three s. towns of this co. were included in the Watkins and Fliut's Purchase, and the re- mainder in the Military Tract. A public road was built from Oxford, on Chenango River, directly through to Ithaca, by Joseph Chaplin, in 1791-92-93, and this became the great highway for immi- gration in the s. part of the State for many years. As a consequenco, the co. immediately bor- dering upon the road was rapidly settled. The first immigrants were mostly from New England. At the place where Ithaca now stands were found cleared fields which had previously been culti- vated by the Indians ; and these lands were among the first occupied in the co. Tho next settle- ments were made in Ulysses, on the w. bank of the lake, and along Chaplin's road in Dryden. The opening of the rich lands of the Genesee country to settlers diverted immigration from this region, and the co. for many years did not increase in population with the same rapidity as the regions further w. The growth of the co., however, has been gradual and continuous ; and now in every element of real prosperity it is fully on an average with the other cos. in the State.
CAROLINE-was formed from Spencer, (Tioga co.,) Feb. 22, 1811, and was transferred to this co. March 22, 1822. A part was annexed to Danby in 1839. It is the s. E. corner town of the co. Its surface is an upland, broken by a series of ridges extending N. w. and s. E. 500 to 700 ft. above the valleys and 1,500 to 1,700 ft. above tide. The summits of the hills arc usually rounded and rolling and their declivities steep. The streams are Owego Creek, forming the E. boundary, and Six Mile Creek and their branches. These streams flow in deep, narrow valleys bordered by steep hillsides. The soil is generally a gravelly loam, and is well adapted to grazing. Caroline Center (p. v.) contains 2 churches and 14 houses ; Motts Corners, (p. v., ) on Six Mile Creek, in the N. w. corner of the town, 1 church, several manufacturing establishments,2 and 40 houses; Speedsville, (p. v.,) upon Boyer Creek, in the s. E. corner, contains 3 churches and 30 houses ; and Slaterville, (p. v., ) near the N. border, 1 church and 30 houses. Pugsleys Depot (p. o.) is a station on the C. & S. R. R. Caroline (p. o.) is a hamlet in the N. E. corner of the town. Rawson Hollow, on the E. line, is a p. o. The first settlement was begun by Capt.
1 The Seneca Republican, the first paper published in the co., was started at Ithaca, July 4, 1815, by Jonathan Inger- soll. In 1>16 it was changed to
The Ithaca Journal, and in 1817 Mack & Shepherd became pro- prietors. It was successively issued by Mack & Searing, Ebenezer Mack, and Mack & Morgan, until 1824, when Wm. Andrus became partner. and the paper was 1sened by Mack & Andrus. In 1827 the name was changed to
Ithaca Journal, Literary Gazette, and General Advertiser, and about a year afterward a portion of the title was dropped, and it was issued as
The Ithaca Journal and Advertiser. In Dec. 1833, Mack & Andrus sold to Nathan Randall; in 1837 Randall sold to Mattison & Barnaby: and in 1839 A. E. Barnaby became sole proprietor. In 1841 Barnaby sold to Alfred Wells, and soon after Wells sold to J. H. Selkreg, the present publisher.
The Republican Chronicle was started at Ithaca in June. 1820, hy Spencer & Stockton. In IS23 David D. Spencer became sole proprietor. In 1826 S. S. Chatterton bought an interest, and in 1828 he became sole pro- prietor, and soon after changed the name to
The Ithaca Republican. In 1831 or '32 he again changed the name to
The Tompkins American, and in 1834 the paper was discon- tinned.
The Western Messenger was started at Ithaca in 1826 by A. P. Searing. and was continued about 2 years.
The Philanthropist. a Universalist paper. was started at Ithaca in 1831 by O. A. Brownson. and was continued about 1 year.
The Ithaca Chronick was started by D. D. & A. Spencer in Feb. 1828. and was continued by them until 1853, when Anson Spencer became sole proprietor. In 1855 it was changed to
The American Citizen, published by A. F .. Barmaby & Co. It is now published by Anson Spencer, who has been one of the proprietors from the commencement of the paper in 1826.
The Lake Light was started at Trumansburgh in 1827 by Wm. W. Phelps, and was continued about 2 years.
The Trumansburgh .Advertiser was published a short time in 1833 by D. Fairchild.
The Jeffersonian and Tompkins Times was started in 1836 by C. Robbins. He soon after sold to G. G. Freer, who changed the name to
The Ithaca Ilerald. In 1837 Nathan Randall became proprietor, and merged the paper in the Ithaca Journal and Ad- vertiser.
The Christian Doctrinal Advocate and Spiritual Monitor was started at Motts Corners in 1837, under the auspices of the 7th Day Baptist denomination, and was continued several years.
The Tompkins Volunteer was started at Ithaca hy II. C. Good- win in 1840. Ile soon after sold to J. Hunt, jr. In 1843 the title was changed to
The Tompkins Democrat, and after a short time tho paper was removed to Greene, Clienango co.
The Trumansburgh Gazette was published a short time in 1843 by J. HJ. IJawes.
The Flag of the Unum was started at Ithaca in 1848 by J. B. Gosman. In 1850 it was merged in the Ithaca Journal and Advertiser.
The Templar and Watchman was started at Ithaca in 1853 by Orlando Lund. It afterward passed into tho hands of Myron S. Barnes, and was continued a short time.
Rumsey's Companion was started at Dryden in 1856 by II. D. Kumsey. It was soon after changed to
The Fireside Ompauion, and again in a few months to
The Dryden News. In 1857 it was sold to G. Z. House and changed to
The New York Confederacy, and was soon after discontinued. In 1858 it was resuscitated, as
The Dryden News, by Asahel Clapp, by whom it is still published.
The Tompkins County Democrat was started at Ithaca in Oct. 1856, by Timothy Malony, by whom it is still published.
2 Two flouring mills, two sawmills, a tannery, and woolen fae- tory. One muile below the village is the extensive gun barrel manufactory of J. & B. Losey, and, with one exception, the only one in the State. This establishment was started 50 years ago, by Abiel Losey, father of the present proprietors, at Otsego; thence it was removed to Fall Creek, near Ithaca; thence to Owego; and thence to its present location.
656
TOMPKINS COUNTY.
David Rich, who came from Vt. in 1795 and located near Willow Bridge; Widow Earsley, with four sons and four daughters, from N. J., came in the next year ; and for several years these were the only families in town.1 The first church (Ref. Prot. D.) was formed at an early period ; the first pastor was Rev. Garritt Mandeville. The census reports 10 churches in town.2
DANBY-was formed from Spencer, (Tioga co.,) Feb. 22, 1811, and was transferred to this co. March 22, 1822. Part of Caroline was annexed April 29, 1839, and a part was annexed to Dryden in 1856. It lies near the center of the s. border of the co. Its surface is broken by ranges of hills extending N. and s. 300 to 400 ft. above the valleys. Their summits are rounded and their declivities generally steep. The valleys are mere ravines. The principal streams are Cayuga Inlet, flowing N., and numerous small streams, the latter being tributaries either to this or to Owego Creek. The soil is a mixed gravelly and shaly loam, with occasional patches of clay, and is well adapted to grazing. Danby, (p. v.,) in the N. part, contains 3 churches and 50 houses ; Beers Settlement, (South Danby p. o.,) near the center, about a dozen houses. West Danby is a p. o., near the w. border. The first settlers were Jacob Yaple, Dr. Lewis Beers, Jabez Beers, and Joseph Judson, who located at Beers Settlement in 1797.3 The first church (Cong.) was formed in 1807; Rev. Daniel Loring was the first pastor. There are 8 churches in town.4
DRYDEN5-was formed from Ulysses, Feb. 22, 1803. A part of Danby was annexed in 1856. It is a large town, occupying the central portion of the E. border of the co. The surface of the N. half is rolling or moderately hilly, and that of the s. half hilly and broken. The E. border forms the watershed between Tioughnioga River and Cayuga Lake. The highest ridge, in the s. E. part, is 1,700 to 1,800 ft. above tide. The principal stream is Fall Creek, flowing s. w. through near the center of the town, on its course affording several millsites. Several small streams, tributaries to Owego Creek, take their rise in the s. part. Dryden Lake is a small sheet of water 1 mi. long and about } mi. wide, lying in an elevated valley ncar the E. border and 1,500 ft. above tidc. A mineral spring, strongly impregnated with sulphur, magnesia, and iron, is situated one mi. w. of Dryden Village, and has a local notoriety for medicinal virtues. In the s. E. part are two swamps, each covering an area of several hundred acres. Dryden, (p. v.,) on the s. branch of Fall Creek, in the E. part of the town, is a flourishing inland village. It contains 2 churches, a large gristmill, and several manufacturing establishments. Pop. 522. Etna, (p. v.,) on Fall Creek, near the center, contains 2 churches, a grist and saw mill, an iron foundery, and machine shop. Pop. 230. West Dryden, (p. v., ) in the N. w. part, contains 93 inhabitants; Varna, (p. v., ) on Fall Creek, near the w. border, 170 inhabitants ; Malloryville, Freeville, and California are hamlets. The first settlement was commenced in 1797, by Amos Swect, on the present site of Dryden Village.6 Joseph Chaplin built a road from Oxford, Chenango co., to Ithaca, passing through this town, in 1792-93-94. There are 9 churches in town.7
ENFIELD-was formed from Ulysses, March 16, 1821. It lies upon the center of the w. border of the co. Its surface is rolling, and it has a mean elevation of 500 to 700 ft. above Cayuga Lake. The principal streams are Ten Mile Creek and the s. branch of Taughanick Creek. Upon the former, in the s. E. tract of the town, is one of the finest of the beautiful cascades so common in this co. It is in a deep gorge, and has a total fall of 230 ft. The soil is principally a gravelly loam. Enfield Center (p. v.) contains 2 churches and about 40 dwellings; Enfield (p. v.) 25 dwellings. Enfield Falls is a hamlet. Among the first settlers were - Geltner, John Whitlock, Jas. Rumsey, Lewis Owen, and Isaac and John Beech.9 There are 5 churches in town.10
1 Among the other early settlers were Thos. Tracy and Sam'l | Ebenezer Chausen, who located at Willow Grove in 1798. A Yates, from Mass .; Joseph Chambers, Richard Bush, and Hart- | single yoke of oxen, at one load, brought these three families, mire Earnest. from Ulster co .. in 1798; Levi Slater, (formerly of Slaterville, ) Charles and John Mulks, John Cantine, (first settler At Motts Corners,) and Joseph Bishop, all from Ulster, and Jolin Ronnceville, from Mass .. in 1801. The first child born was Har- riet Rounceville. The first school was taught by John Robinson. Richard Bush kept the first inn, Isaac Miller the first store, and Gen. Cantine built the first gristmill, in 1800.
2 4 M. E., Prot. E., Cong., Bap., Ref. Prot. D., F. W. Bap., and Univ.
3 The first settlers of West Danby were Wm. logg and Moses Barker. The first death was an infant son of Lewis Beardsley. Joseph Judson taught the first school, Dr. Beers kept the first inn and store, and Peter Yaple built the first gristmill.
4 3 M. E .. 2 Bap .. Cong .. Prot. E., and Swedenborgian.
6 Named in honor of John Dryden. the English poet.
" The next settlers were Ezekiel Sandford, David Fort, and
consisting of 14 persons, and all their household goods, from the Chenango River. Capt. Geo. Robertson (sometimes called the " father of the town") came in the same year, and settled on Lot 53. Among the other early settlers were Lyman Hurd, from Vt., Dr. Sheldon, Dr. Wolf, Irona Peat, Wm. Daley, Joel Hall, and Jas. Wood. The first child born was Robert Robertson ; and the first death was that of the mother of Amos Sweet. Daniel Lasey taught the first school, in 1804. Amos Lewis kept the first inn, Joel llull the first store, and Col. Hopkins, from Homer, built the first mill, in 1800.
7 5 M. E., 2 Presb., 2 Bap., and R. C.
8 Nained from Enfield, Ct.
9 John Applegate kept the first inn, Samuel Ingersoll the first store, and Wm. Ferris built the first mill.
10 2 31. E., Christian, Bap., and Presb.
657
TOMPKINS COUNTY.
GROTON1-was formed from Locke, (Cayuga co., ) as "Division," April 7, 1817, and its naine was changed March 13, 1818. It is the N. E. corner town in the co. Its surface is rolling or moderately hilly. From the valleys the land rises by long and gradual slopes to a height of 100 to 300 ft. The highest point in town is about 1,500 ft. above tide. The principal streams are Owasco Inlet and Fall Creek. Bear Swamp, in the E. part, contains an area of several hundred acres. The soil is a fine quality of gravelly loam, underlaid by slate. Groton, (p. v.,) on Owasco Inlet, near the center of the town, contains 3 churches, the Groton Academy, and several manu- facturing establishments.2 Pop. 587. McLean, (p. v.,) on Fall Creek, in the s. E., contains 5 churches, several factories,' and 40 houses. Peruville, (p. v.,) near the s. border, contains 2 churches, a saw and grist mill, pail factory, and 30 houses. Groton City, (p. v.,) in the N. E. corner, and West Groton, (p. v.,) in the N. w., contain about 11 houses each. Bensons Corners is a hamlet, in the s. w. corner. Among the first settlers were Saml. Hogg, at West Groton ; Ichabod Bowen, John Guthrie, and - Perrin, at Groton ; and J. Williams, J. IIoughtal- ing, and W. S. Clark, at East Groton. The census reports 11 churches.4
ITHACA5-was formed from Ulysses, March 16, 1821. It is the central town in the co., lying at the head of Cayuga Lake. A tract of land 2 mi. long and 1} broad, low and nearly level, extends s. from the lake shore; and from this the valley of Cayuga Inlet opens to the s. w. and that of Six Mile Creek to the s. E. Ridges 400 to 700 ft. high, with steep declivities, separate these valleys and surround the low land and the head of the lake. From the summits the surface spreads out into a rolling upland. A marsh { mi. wide borders immediately on the lake. The streams are Fall, Cascadilla, Six Mile, Buttermilk, and Ten Mile Creeks, and Cayuga Inlet. In their course from the uplands each of these streams plungcs down the wall-like precipices which surround the lake, forming series of cascades which for beauty and variety arc scarcely equaled elsewhere.6 The soil is a fertile, gravelly loam upon the uplands, and a deep, rich alluvium in the valleys. Ithaca, (p.v.,) 1} mi. s. of the head of Cayuga Lake, is the co. scat, and the coin- mercial center of the co. It is beautifully situated upon a fine alluvial plain, bordered on 3 sides by lofty hills, and on the fourth by the lake, with which it is connected by a navigable inlet. It con- tains the Ithaca Academy,7 9 churches,8 2 banks, 4 printing offices, and a large number of manu- facturing establishments.º The commercial interests of the place are extensive and important. A daily line of steamboats on the lake running between this place and Cayuga Bridge, in connection with the C. & S. R. R., serves to connect the Erie R. R. on the s. with the N. Y. Central on the N.10 The lake is also a link in the great chain of the internal water navigation of the State, and upon it a large amount of canal commerce, centering at Ithaca, is carried on. The transhipment of Scranton and Lackawanna coal brought by the C. & S. R. R. forms an important and constantly" growing branch of business. A large proportion of the anthracite coal for the Northern and Western markets is supplied through this avenue.11 The public schools of the village are graded, and are in a flourishing condition. The annual attendance is about 1,200.12 The village was incorp. April 2, 1821. Pop. 4,908. The first settlement of the town was made by Jacob Yaple, Isaac
1 Named from Groton, Ct.
" Three carriage shops, a foundery, machine shop, and thrash- ing machine factory.
& Thrashing machine factory, pail factory, two furnaces, flour- ing mille, aud 2 sawmills.
+ 2 Bap., 3 M. E., 3 Cong., Wes. Meth., Prot. E., and Univ.
6 Name applied by Simeon De Witt, and borrowed from one of the lonian Isles, the home of Ulysses. It was originally called "The Flats," and its name wHe brought into use by being placed upon a tavern sign .- King's Early Hist. of Ithaca. Mr. De Witt, who for more than 50 years held the office of Surveyor General, became the owner of the site of Ithaca and the sur- rounding country about the time, or soon after, the first settle- ment. He died at this place Dec. 3, 1834; his remaius have since been removed to the Albany Rural Cemetery.
10 The Ithaca & Owego R. R .- the second R. R. chartered in the State-was incorp. in 1828, and opened in the spring of 1834. It was 22 mi. long. and had 2 inclined planes ascending from Ithaca. The first was 1,733; ft. long, with 405 ft. rise, and the second 2.225 ft. long. with a rise of 1 ft. in 21. "he total elevation in 8 mni. was 602 ft.,-which was 602 ft. above its s. termions at Ithaca. A stationary steam engine was used on the first plane, and horses 6 Upon Fall Creek, within the space of 1 ni., are 5 falls, vary- ing in height from 44 to 125 ft. The deep gorge through which the stream flows is bordered by perpendicular cliffs. A tunnel on the other parts of the road. lu the first 6 mos. it trans- ported 12,000 tons of freight and 3.300 passengers. The State having a lien npon the road, the Comptroller sold it at auction 200 ft. long, 10 to 12 ft. wide, and 13 ft. high was excavated | on tlu- 20th of May. 1842, for $4.500, to Archibald Melntyre and through the rock for hydraulic purposes in 1831-32, by J. S. Beebe. Upon Cascadilla, Six Mile, and Buttermilk Creeks are also successions of fine cascades. within the limits of the town. At Buttermilk Falls the water rushes down at an angle of about 45 degrees. in a sheet of perfectly white foam, the appearance of the water furnishing a name to both the cascades and the stream.
7 In [822 the Genesee Conference of the M. E. Church applied for the incorporation of a college, to be located at Itlrica, and considerable sums were pledged for this object; but the project failed of accomplishment.
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