USA > New York > Gazetteer of the State of New York: embracing a comprehensive view of the geography, geology, and general history of the State, and a complete history and description of every county, city, town, village, and locality, Part 2 > Part 86
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NEW CASTLE -was formed from North Castle, March 18, 1791. A part of Somers was annexed May 12, 1846. It is an interior town, lying N. of the center of the eo. Its surface is much broken by hills having a general course a little E. of N., the principal of which are Mount Prospeet and the Chappaqua Hills, terminating in Mount Kisko. The Neperhan, Bronx, and Po- cantico Rivers rise in this town. Upon the borders are Chappaqua, Wampas,8 and Kirby Ponds, and Croton Lake. Chappaqua Sulphur Springs, 4 mi. N. E. from Sing Sing, have acquired a local notoriety. The soil is a gravelly clay and sandy loam. Mount Kisko (p. o.) is a small village and R. R. station, on the line of Bedford. New Castle (p. o.,) is a small scattered village, upon Kirby Pond, near the line of Bedford. Chappaqua9 (p.o.) is a R. R. station, near the s. linc. Sariesville is a hamlet, near the center of the town ; and here the town business is generally transacted. This town was included within Richbell's pureliase of 1660, and, with other lands, was sold to Caleb Heathcote, and was patented to him and 10 associates10 Feb. 14, 1701. It was afterward known as the "West Patent of Northcastle," or simply "West Patent." Settle- ment began about 1720, or a little earlier. At the time of the Revolution it formed one of the precincts of Rye parish. It was greatly annoyed by sudden incursions of plundering parties ; and St. George's church was for a long time oceupied as a guardhouse and hospital by the Continental troops. The census reports 5 churches in town.11
NEW ROCHELLE-was recognized as a town March 7, 1788. It lies upon the Sound, in the s. part of the co., and extends northward in a long, narrow strip. The surface is moderately
The bridge at Harlem leading to Mott Haven is now free, the charter of its former owners having expired in 1858. The bridge formerly known as Macomb's Bridge is removed, and is about being rebuilt.
1 Sometimes called "Morrisport." Named from Gouverneur Morris, the principal owner. 2 Called by the natives Rauachque. 8 The New Orleans Custom House was built of marble from a quarry in the N. E. part of this town.
" Formerly called " Clarks Corners."
6 Sleepy Hollow is noted for being the scene of one of Irving's celebrated legends. The Dutch church at this place was formed in 1697, and the edifice erected in 1699, The communion table and service plate, originally given by the first lord of the manor, are still preserved.
6 2 Ref. Prot. D., M. E., Prim. Meth., Prot. E., and R. C. 7 Called by the Indians Shappaqua, said to signify " a vegetable root." -- Bolton's Westchester, I, 361.
Named from the sachem, chief proprietor of these lands in 1696, whose residence is said to have been near.
9 Pronounced Shap-pa-quaw. It is sometimes written Chape- qua. 10 These patentees were Robt. Walters, Leigh Atwood, Corne- lius Depeyster. Caleb Heathcote, Matthew Clarkson, John Cald- well, Richard Slater, Lancaster Simes, Robt. Lusting, and Rarne Cosens. It was settled by families named Ward, Concklin, Hyatt, Underhill, Haight, Carpenter, Green, Kirby, Davenport, Van Tassel, Griffen, Tompkins, Kipp. Secor, Brady. Reynolds, Quiuly, and Merrith. 112 M. E., 2 Friends, and Prot. E.
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WESTCHESTER COUNTY.
uneven and in some parts stony. Davenports Neck,1 a peninsula containing 200 acres, and several . fine islands in the Sound, belong to this town .? Crystal Lake, E. of the village, is chicfly cele- brated for its ice, large quantities of which are annually "harvested." The soil is fertile and peculiarly adapted to fruit raising.3 New Rochelle, (p. v.,) upon an cstuary from the Sound, in the E. part of the town, was incorp. Oct. 5, 1857. It contains 6 churches, several private schools, and about 2,000 inhabitants. A portion of the village and the lands surrounding it are occupied by elegant villas and country residences of persons doing business in New York. The steamboat landing is a half mile s. w. of the village, on a small island connected with the main land by a stone causeway. The village is a station on the N. Y. & N. II. R. R. Becchwood Cemetery, incorp. Jan. 30, 1854, lies a mile w. of the village. West New Rochelle, Petersville,' and Upper New Rochelle are scattered villages, mostly inhabited by Germans. This town was embraced in the Manor of Pelham, and was sold by John Pell, Sept. 20, 1689, to Jacob Leisler, for the settlement of a company of French Huguenots. These people are said to have been brought over in one of the king's ships, and to have landed on the N. E. part of Davenports Neck, then called "Bauffets" or "Bounfoys Point."" They mostly purchased under Leisler in 1690. There were 23 freeholders in town in 1708. The town records commence Nov. 1, 1699, and until 1735 were kept partly in French. They were suspended from April 2, 1776, to June 24, 1783. A French church was organized in 1689, and in 1709 most of the members conformed to the Epis- copal faith; and this denomination are now owners of property given by Pell. The Presbyterians also claim succession from the first French church, a part of the members of which did not conform.6
NORTH CASTLE'-was formed March 7, 1788. New Castle was taken off in 1791. It occupies a long, narrow strip on the E. border of the co., adjoining Stamford and Greenwich, Conn. Its surface is much broken by hills,8 particularly in the w. part. It is drained by Maharness, Byram, and Bronx Rivers and their branches. Rye Pond lies on the s. border ; Byram Pond on the line of Bedford; and Wampus Pond on the line of New Castle. Cobamong Pond, a milc E. of Byram Pond, has no inlet and is very deep. The soil is clay and sandy loam. North Castle (p. v.) contains a church and a few houses. Armonk,9 (p. v.,) near the center, contains 3 churches, a woolen factory, and 20 houses. Kinsico,10 (p. v.,) in the s. part, contains several manufactories and 103 inhabitants. Quarter Station is on the H. R. R. R., in the extreme s. part. The first settlements commenced at a very early period." The census reports 7 churches in town.12
NORTHI SALEMI3-was formed March 7, 1788. A part was annexed to Lewisboro in 1844. It is the N. E. corner town of the co. Its surface is hilly, the summits rising 100 to 300 ft. above the valleys. Croton River forms the w. boundary. Titicus14 River, a principal branch of the Cro- ton, flows w. from Conn. through near the center. The valley of this stream varies in width from { mi. to 1} mi., and is bordered by steep hills. Peach Pond, on the N. border, covers 400 acres.
1 Formerly "Laylers" ("Leslies") and "Lecourts" Neck. Bought in 1786 by Newberry Davenport, and since owned by the Daven- port family.
2 Davids or Hewletts Island. Named from Thaddeus Davids, the owner. It contains about 100 acres, and is fitted up for pic- nic aud pleasure parties. Steamboat excursions are occasionally made thither from the city. Goat, Marketts, Whortleberry, Locust, and Van Cleese Islands also belong to this town. Bur- dens Point, on Davenport Neck, is also a place of resort.
8 From 12 to 20 acres are devoted to raising blackberries, -chiefly the variety known as the " New Rochelle or Lawton blackberry," orlginally a seedling from the fields, which has proved of much value. There are also extensive nurseries in town.
" Formerly called "New Jerusalem."
5 The purchase included 6,000 acres, to which Pell added 100 acres for the use of the French church. Among the refugees were Francis Le Count, David De Bonrepas, Alexis Allsire, Ilar- vey Beignon, Esaye Valleau, Andrew Thaunet, David Bonnefoy, Louis Guion, Pierre Das, Pierre Palcot, Andrew Naudin and sona Andrew and Louis, Theopbile and Chas. Fourrestier, Am- broise Sycard and sons Ambroise, Daniel, and Jacques, Guil- lauine Laudrie, G. Latteneau, Isaaq Caillard, Marie Cothon- neau and her son Guillaume, Jean Newfuille, Estersie Lavigne, and Jean Constant. Thos. Paine, author of "Common Sense," diexl in this town in 1809, and his remains were taken to Eng- land by Cobbett in 1819. His admirers have erected a monu- ment over the spot where he was interred.
6 There are now 8 churches in town; 3 M. E., Prot. E., Presb., Bap., Af. Meth., And R. C.
7 Formerly "White Fields," and afterward designated the , rived from an Indian chief.
"Liberty of North Castle."
8 Mt. Misery, in the s. E. angle, 200 to 300 ft. ahove the valley, is named from the fact that a large party of Indians were cut off here by the Huguenots, in retaliation for a descent upon New Rochelle .- Bolton's Westchester, I, p. 447.
9 Formerly "Mill Square," and still often called by that name. 10 Formerly " Robbins Mills."
11 The Indian title to this town was obtained hy Caleb Heatlı cote and others between 1660 and 1705, and confirmed by several patents. Of these the " Middle Patent," embracing 1,500 acres, was granted Feb. 17, 1701-02, and the w. portion was confirmed to Anne Bridges and her associates Sept. 25, 1708. A partition of the Middle and West Patents took place June 23, 1766. The sllotments were balloted for and sold to numerous persons, of whom many named Brundage, Griffin, Lockland, Sillick, Sco- field, Clapp, and others are descendants .- Bolton's Westchester, I, p. 455.
Major André immediately after his arrest was sent to Col Jameson, stationed in this town; and from here he was al- lowel, through the inadvertence of that officer, to notify Arnold of his arrest.
12 3 M. E., 3 Prot. E., and Friends.
13 This town was mostly purchased by Stephen Van Cortlandt and was embraced within the bounds of his manor. The E. part, within the Oblong. was purchased in 1708 by John Belden, Sam'I Keeler, Matthew Seymour, Matthias St. John, and otber inhabitants of Norwalk, Conn. Upon the division of the Manor of Cortlandt in 1734, this town fell to the share of Andrew Mit- ler, John Schuyler. and Stephen De Lancey.
14 Otherwise called Mutighticoss. The name in the text per- hspa has been changed from this, and is said to have been de-
704
WESTCHESTER COUNTY.
Beaver Pond is a small sheet of water near the N. line. The soil is better adapted to grazing than to grain raising. Turkey Hill lics in the s. w. part. North Salem,1 (p. v.,) in the E. part, contains 2 churches, a paper mill, and 30 houses. Salem Center,? (p.o.,) a hamlet, is the seat of the North Salem Academy.' Purdys Station, (p. o.,) on the Harlem R. R., on the w. border, contains 2 churches and a small woolen factory. Croton Falls, (p.o.,) in the N. w. corner, is a station on the Harlem R. R. The first settlement commenced at a very early period, mostly by immigrants from Conn. The census reports 7 churches in town.4
OSSINING5-was formed from Mount Pleasant, May 2, 1845. It lics upon the Hudson, N. of the center of the co. Its surface is mostly a hilly upland, the ridges extending parallel to the river. Prospect Hill is a commanding eminence on the s. line of the town. Pocantico River forms its E. boundary. Marble is extensively quarried, and traces of several metals have been found." The soil is a productive, gravelly and clayey loam. Sing Sing, (p. v.,) upon the Hudson, near the center of the w. border of the town, was incorp. April 2, 1813. It is beautifully situated upon ground gradually rising from the river to the height of 180 ft., and at most points affording fine views of Tappan Bay and the opposite shore of the Hudson. It contains 4 churches, the Mount Pleasant Academy,' a female seminary, and several other popular female schools. Pop. about 3,500. This village is chiefly noted for being the seat of one of the N. Y. State prisons. The prison was erected at this place in 1825, with a view of employing the convict labor upon the marble quarries. It receives convicts from certain southern and eastern counties, as specified by statute.8 Prospect Hill' is a scattered settlement along the s. border. Spring Valley, E. of Sing Sing, and Sparta, s. of Sing Sing, are hamlets. This town was included in the Manor of Philipsburgh, and was settled by the Dutch previous to the commencement of the last century. The lands were forfeited by the attainder of Frederick Philipse during the Revolution.10 The first church was organized at a very early period, but the exact date is lost.11 The Dale Ceme- tery, containing 47 acres, } mi. N. of Sing Sing, was incorporated January 14, 1851.
PELHAM12-was formed March 7, 1788. It lies on Long Island Sound, in the s. part of the 00., on the E. border, and it embraces several islands in Long Island Sound.13 Pelham Neck1+ is a peninsula extending into the Sound ; upon it arc several elegant country seats. Its surface is un- dulating, the valleys ranging N. and s. Hutchinsons Creek15 forms the w. boundary. The soil is mostly of an excellent quality of sandy and gravelly loam. Pelhamville, near the N. angle
1 A granite boulder, weighing 60 tons or over, lies in this vil- lage, supported about 3 ft. from the ground upon the points of 5 smaller limestone rocks. There is a chalybeate spring near the village.
2 About a half mile w. of the village is a natural bridge.
3 This academy was erected between 1770 and '75 by Stephen De Lancey for a residence, but was not used as such, and in 1786 it was purchased for its present nse. It was incorp. Feb. 19, 1790. Among its students bave been Dan'I D. Tompkins, Col. N. P. Tall- madge and brother, Hon. James Kent, and several other prominent citizens. Its patronage at present is small. 4 2 M. E., Presb., Bap., Prot. E., Union, and Friends.
5 Originally called "Ossinsing." It name was changed March 14, 1846. The proper Indian name is said to signify " stone upon stone," and has been written Sin-Sing. and Sink-Sink. A power- ful clan of Mohegans of this name inhabited this region when it was first known to the whites.
6 Small specimens of galena, with several ores of copper, have been obtained. Sulphuret of zinc and oxyd of manganese are occasionally found in the lime rock. 7 See pp. 745, 746.
9 This prison was erected by the convicts themselves, 100 of whom were sent from Auburn Prison for that purpose under the charge of Capt. Elam Lynds, who had chiefly directed the Imilding of the Auburn Prison. The novel spectacle was ex- hibited on the 14th of May. 1825, of the arrival of this band on the open ground which was to be the theater of operations, withont a place to receive or even a wall to inclose them. * * * The first day sufficed to erect a temporary barrack for shelter at night: and ever after they continued in unpausing labor, watched by a small number of guards, but held under per- petual government of their accustomed discipline and submis- sinn to the power whose vigilant eye and unrelaxing hand they felt to be perpetually upon them aud around them .- Introduc- tion to Nat. Hist. N. Y., p. 186.
The Hudson River R. R. crosses the prison grounds under two hroad arches with an intervening walled space. The male prison is 484 by 44 ft. and 5 stories high, and has 1,000 cells. The w. yard is inclosed by 2 buildings 40 ft. wide. 2 stories high. extending from the main prison to the river, and occupied by kitchens, hospital. chapel, and shops. The yard thus formed is 492 by 412 ft., and has a range of shops 40 ft. wide, parallel to the main prison. There are also workshops on the E. The female prison. upon the same premises, but under separate management, is built of rongh marble taken from the State quarries. It stands on an elevated site, E. of the R. R., with a
colonnade of the Ionic order across the end fronting the river. It was built in 1835-40. and receives female convicts sentenced to State prison from every co. in the State ; it contains 80 cells. By an act of April 18, 1859, the Inspectors of State Prisons were directed to sell such of the premises at this place as are not re- quired for prison purposes, at a price not less than $250 per acre, and to appropriate the moneys thus received to building and re- pairing such works at the prison as they may deem proper. 9 Formerly known as " Long Hill."
10 Families named Ward, Orser, Crank, Bazelie, Acker, Purdy, Merritt, McCord, Bishop, Balyeas, Storm, Jones, Millet, and Ryder, purchased under the Commissioners of Forfeiture.
11 There are 6 churches in town; 3 Prot. E., Bap., M. E., and Presb.
12 Named from Thos. Pell, of Fairfield, Conn. A purchase was made of the Indians by Mr. Pell, Nov. 14, 1654; and most of this was confirmed to him by Gov. Nicoll, Oct. 6. 1666. The quitrent reserved in this grant was a lamb annually. Pelham Manor originally embraced 9,166 acres, and was confirmed by Gov. Dongan. Oct. 25. 1687. to John Pell, nephew of the first purchaser. This town is mostly owned by a few wealthy pro- prietors, and, except Scarsdale, is the least populous in the co. Several acres of berries are cultivated for the city market. Pelham Bridge connects the town with East Chester.
18 The principal of these is "City Island,"-formerly "Minne- ford Island." or " Mulberry Island." Its present name is derived from commercial establishments projected at an early colonial period and renewed subsequent to the Revolution. It was supposed that the India trade could be carried on from this place with peculiar advantage. It is now principally occupied by oystermen.
llarts Island, or "Spectacle. Island," has an area of 85 acres. IInnters Island, belonging to the estate of E. Desbrosses Hun- ter. has an area of 250 acres, and was formerly connected with the mainland by a stone canseway and bridge. High Island lies near the s. point of Pelham Neck.
14 Formerly "Anne Hooks Neck," from an Indian owner ; and afterward "Rodmans Neck." It was a favorite place for Indian sepniture; and traces of graves are still seen. A ferry was es- tablished to Hempstead Harbor and to Matagarisons Bay in 1755. by Samnel Rodman.
15 Named from Mrs. Anne Hutchinson, the first settler. Its Indian name was Acquonhonnek, from a terin descriptive of the red cedar tree .- Bolton's Westchester, I, p. 542.
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WESTCHESTER COUNTY.
of the town, is a newly surveyed village and station on the N. Y. & N. II. R. R. Pelham is a p. o. on the E. border. Prospect Hill is a locality ncar the center. Pelham Priory1 is the seat of a young ladies' seminary, established by the late Rev. Robert Bolton and conducted by his daughters. A settlement was made in this town in 1642,2 by Mrs. Anne Hutchinson, who was driven from Massachusetts on account of her religious belief. There is 1 church (Prot. E.) in town.
POUNDRIDGE®-was formed March 7, 1788. It lies in the E. part of the co., its s. line bordering on Stamford and New Canaan, Conn. Its surface is hilly and much broken. The Stony Hills occupy the N. part and extend 3 or 4 mi. in a N. E. direction, with steep, craggy sides and rocky summits. Cross River flows through the extreme N. corner, Stamford Mill River flows s. through the E. part, and Maharness River forms a part of the s. w. boundary. Cross Pond is on the E. line. The soil is a gravelly loam. Poundridge, (p. o.,) near the center, is a small settlement with 2 churches. Boretontown is a hamlet, in the N. corner. The first settlement commenced near the center of the town, in 1744, by Capt. Joseph Lockwood and associates, from Stamford, Conn. There are 3 churches in town; M. E., Prot. Mcth., and Presb.
RYE -- was formed March 7, 1788. It lies on the E. border of the s. part of the co. It is a narrow, irregular strip, bordering on the Sound and Greenwich, Conn. Its surface is broken and rocky. Byram River5 forms a small part of the E. boundary, and Blind Brook a part of the w. The soil is chiefly clay. There are quarries of hard, blue granite in town. Along the coast are several small islands.6 The mirage is frequently seen upon the coast, bringing to view the shore of Long Island with great distinctness. Rye, (p. v.,) a station on the N. Y. & N. II. R. R., contains 3 churches, a private seminary, and 300 inhabitants. Milton, in the s. part, is a hamlet, with 1 church. Ryebeach is a place of resort during the hot season. Port Chester, (p. v.,) a station on the N. Y. & N. H. R. R., contains 5 churches, several private seminaries, extensive manufactories,7 and 1,695 inhabitants. Kingstreet is a fine agricul- tural district, extending nearly 7 miles N. of Port Chester. Glenville is a hamlet, on Byram River. The first settlement was commenced on Manursing Island.8 The census reports 9 churches in town.º
SCARSDALE 10 __ was formed March 7, 1788. It lics in the interior of the s. part of the co. Its surface is broken by ridges and hills. Bronx River forms the w. boundary, and the E. angle borders on the Mamaroneck. Hutchinson and Sheldrake Crceks rise in this town. The soil is a clayey and sandy loam. It has no villages, and is the least populous town in the co. Scars- dale, (p. o.,) in the w. part, contains a church and a few houses. Scarsdale Station, on the IIarlem R. R., is on the w. border of the town. In the s. corner of the town is a Friends meeting house, on a site used for that purpose long before the Revolution. Gov. Tompkins was a native of this town ; and Chief Justice Morris and Maj, Wm. Popham-for many years clerk of the Court of Exchequer-resided here. The census reports 2 churches in town ; Prot. E. and Friends.
SOMERS11-was formed March 7, 1788, as " Stephentown." Its name was changed April 6, 1808. A part was annexed to New Castle in 1846. It lies on the N. border of the co., near the
1 Upon these 'premises is a rocking stone weighing about 20 tons.
2 This settlement was soon after broken up by the Indians, who killed 18 persons, including the founder.
3 Named from the ancient Indian pound, or deer trap, which formerly stood at the foot of a high ridge 8. of the present vil- lage .- Bolton's Westchester, II, p. 1. This town was embraced in Turner's Purchase of 1640, and once formed part of Stamford, Conn. The Patent of Stamford, granted May 26, 1685, included a portion of this town. In the settlement of boundaries in 1731, four miles were taken from Conn. A grant was made March 2, 1701, to Robert Walters, John Cholwell, Leigh Atwood, Corne- lius De Peyster, Richard Slater, Barne Cosens, Lancaster Symes, Matthew Clarkson, Robert Lurting, Peter Matthews, and Caleh Heathcote. This grant was subsequently known as the " East Patent." It was sold Aug. 7, 1766, under "an act for the more effectual collecting of his Majesty's quitrents." Families named Lock wood, Ambler, Forsher, Bishop, Ferris, Hoyt, Holley, Brown, Silllek, and Scofield were purchasers under this sale. Until 1775 the town formed one of the precincts of Rye. In 1821. 900 acres were sold to satisfy the State claim to quitrents in the East Patent.
4 Calied by the Indians " Poningoe."
6 Called by the Indians "Armonck." The meadows bordering it were called " Haseco" and " Mioschassaky."
" Manursing, called by the Indians " Minnewies," or Pine, Ilenhawk, Great, Middle, and Little Captains Islands.
7 These consist of a foundery, edge tool factory, tide gristmill, and a last and shoe factory.
8 This islaod was bought by the Dutch W. I. Company, who sold it June 29, 1660, to John Coe, Peter Disbrow, and Thos. Studwell. The proprietors proposed to name the place Ilastings, and issued a declaration of allegiance to the king, to which was anuexed a description of their proposed town, embracing the country between Byram River and Blind Brook. Upon the final annexation to New York it was formed into a market town, with the privilege of holding a fair of four days, begin. ning on the 2d day of October. Courts of special sessioos were also held here. The Dutch made the first Indian purchase in this region, in 1640; and numerous conveyances were afterward made. By the agreement of 1660, this town was included in Coun. In 1683 it was assigned to New York. In 1696 it was again claimed by Conn .; and the present line was fully settled May 14, 1730. The charter of Rye was granted Aug. 12, 1720. 9 3 M. E., 2 Prot. E., 2 Presb., Af. Meth., and R. C.
10 Named from Scarsdale, in England, whence the Ileath cote family came. In colonial times this town formed part of the mauor of Scarsdale.
Il Named from Capt. Richard Somers, the intrepid and gallant hero of the Tripolitan War. "Stephentown" was named from Stephen Van Cortlandt. Prior to 1788, it formed part of the township of Hanover, within Cortlandt Manor ; and under the natives it formed part of the territory of Amapogh, or Amme- walk .- Bolton's Westchester, II, p. 131.
45
706
WESTCHESTER COUNTY.
eenter. Its surface is broken by ridges in the s .; in other parts it spreads out into level plains. Croton River forms the s. E. boundary. Museoot River1 and Plum Brook flow s. through the town into Croton River. Croton Lake, the fountain head of the Croton Water Works, lies in the s. w. corner, extending into Yorktown. The soil is a sandy and gravelly loam. Somers, (p. v.,) in the N. E. part, contains 2 churches, a bank, and 20 houses.2 Croton Falls, (p. v.,) in the N. E. corner, on the line of North Salem, is a small village and station on the Harlem R. R. It has a good water-power. West Somers (p. o.) is a hamlet. This town, in the allotment of the manor in 1734, fell to the share of Mrs. Margaret Bayard, Philip and Stephen Van Cortlandt, Andrew Johnston, - Miller, Stephen De Laneey, and Mrs. Susannah Warren. The eensus reports 5 churches in town.3
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