USA > New York > Gazetteer of the State of New York: embracing a comprehensive view of the geography, geology, and general history of the State, and a complete history and description of every county, city, town, village, and locality, Part 2 > Part 24
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The county is a half-shire, the co. buildings being respectively located at Utica and Rome.2 The courthouses and jails at both places are well built and conveniently arranged. The clerk's
1 Montgomery, Herkimer, and Oneida counties originally ex- tended in long, narrow strips to the St. Lawrence. In 1801, Lisbon-then an immense town upon the N. border-was an- nexed to Clinton co. It is not certain whether Tracts 1, 2, and 3 of Macomb's Purchase were intended by this arrangement to belong to Clinton; but in 1802 they were annexed to St. Law- rence co. Oneida co. was named from the Oneida Indians, who inhabited and owned this and some adjoining counties. The word Oneida signifies " the people of the stone." The Indians
had a strange tradition concerning a certain stone, which fol- lowed them in their wanderings and finally rested on the sun- mit of one of the highest hills in the co., from which their beacon Ares could be seen to a great distance, and upon which they assembled to bold council or prepare for war. A boulder of gneiss, which tradition identified as this palladium of the Oneidas, a few years since was taken from the farm of James II. Gregg. in the town of Stockbridge, and placed in a prominent position near the entrance of the Utica Cemetery,
on the Bridgewater Plank Road, about a mi. s. of Utica .- Jones's Oneida, p. 840; Rules and Regulations of the Utica Cemetery Asso. 1849, p. 33; Senate Doc. 1846. No. 24. p. 46; Schoolcraft's Hist. Condition and Prospects of Indian Tribes, I, p. 176. " The co. seat of Herkimer co. was originally located at Whitestown; and upon the division of the co. the records were retained by Oneida. The act erecting Ofrida co. directed the first courts to be held at the schoolhouse near Fort Schuyler, (Reame,) and required the courthouse to be built within I mi. of the fort. By An act of April 6. 1801, Thonias JJenkins and Hex. L. Hosmer. of Hudson. John Thompson, of Stillwater, and Direk Lane. of Truy, were appointed to locate the courthouse und jail of Oneida co. These buildings were completed several years afterward, and the courts were hield here and at Whites- boro' during many years. The courthouse and jail at Rome were burned about 1848, and rebuilt within 3 years after. The clerk's office was removed to Utica in 1816, and the academy at
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459
ONEIDA COUNTY.
office is a firepriof building, located at Utica. The poorhouse is situated upon a farm of 195 aeres about 2 mi. s. w. of Rome. It has an average of 222 inmates, supported at a cost of $1.00 per week each. Separate buildings have been provided for lunaties and for a pesthouse.1
The Erie Canal extends through Utica, Whitestown, Rome, and Verona. The Chenango Canal extends s. from Utica, up the valley of Oriskany Creek, through New Hartford, Kirkland, Mar- shall, and a corner of Augusta, connecting with the Susquehanna River at Binghamton. The Black River Canal extends N. from Rome along the valleys of the Mohawk and Lansing Kil through Western and Boonville, connecting with Black River above Lyons Falls, in Lewis co. The Oneida Lake Canal extends w. from Rome to Wood Creek and along that stream to its mouth The N. Y. Central R. R. extends through Utica, Whitestown, Rome, and Verona. The Black River & Utiea R. R. extends from Utica N. through Marcy, Trenton, Remsen, and Steuben to Boonville.2 The Watertown & Rome R. R. extends from Rome N. w. through Annsville and Camden. A large number of plank roads have been built in the co. ; but they are mostly abandoned.
Four daily, 9 weekly, 1 semi-monthly, 1 quarterly, and 4 monthly newspapers are now published in the co.3
At an early period of the English occupation of New York the colonists became acquainted with
that place was used for holding courts for many years. A new courthouse was built at Utica in 1851-53. The first co. officers were Jedediah Sanger, First Judge; Geo. Huntington and David Ostrom, Judges ; Jonas Platt, Clerk ; Wm. Colbrath, Sheriff; and Arthur Breese, Surrogate.
1 An act was passed in 1859 for the sale of the poorbouse pre- mises and the purchase of a new site.
2 This road has been partially huilt along Black River through Lewis co .; but work upon it is now suspended. It was the original design to extend the road to Clayton and Ogdensburgh. 3 The Western Centinel was commenced at Whitesboro' in Jan. 1794, by Oliver P. Eaton. He was succeeded by - Lewis, and afterward hy Lewis & Webb. The paper was continued about 6 years.
The Whitestown Gazette was commenced in June, 1796, by Wm. McLean. 1n 1798 it was removed to Utica aud con- tinaed as
The Whitestown Gazette and Cato's Patrol. In 1803 it was pur- chased by John 11. Lathrop, and was soon after merged in
The Ulica Patriol, commenced by Asahel Seward and Ira Mer- rill, Mr. Lathrop continuing as editor. 1n 1811 it passed into the bands of Win. H. Maynard; and in 1816 it was united with
The Patrol, commenced in Jan. 1815, by Seward & Williams, and the combined paper was published as
The Patriot und Patrol, W. II. Maynard, editor, and Seward & Williams, publishers. In 1821 its name was changed to The Utica Sentinel. In 1825 it was united with the Columbian Gazette and published as
The Sentinel and Gazette. In 1928 S. D. Dakin became proprie- tor, and in 1829 he sold to Rufus Northway and D. S. Porter. In 1831 Mr. Porter withdrew. In 1834 Mr. Northway united the klucidator with it and changed its name to
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The Oneida Whig. In 1848 it was merged in the Oneida Weekly llerald. In 1842 Mr. Northway connnenced The Utica Daily Gazette, Wm. Allen and R. U. Sherman, editors. Erastus Clark, Wm. 11. Underhill, Ezekiel Barron, Alex. Seward. Il. C. Potter, J. M. Lyon, John Arthur, N. D. Jewell, and Ellis & Roberts were successively interested in its publication. In .lan. 1857, it was united with
The Vica Morning Herald, and assumed the name of the
Utica Morning Herald and Gazette, and is still published.
The Columbian Patriotic Gazette was commenced at Rome by Thos. Walker and Ebenezer Eaton in Ang. 1799. In 1800 Mr. Eaton retired, and in 1803 it was removed to Utica and published as
The Columbian Guzetle; and in 1825 it was united with the Utica Sentinel by Win. J. Bacon and S. D. Dakin.
The Elucidator was commenced in 1829 by B. B. Hotchkin, editor, and W. Williams, publisher. It was united with the Oneida Whig in 1834.
The Oneida Morning Herald was commenced by R. W. Roberts, R. U. Sherman, and Geo. R. Colston, in Nov. 1847. A weekly edition was also published, called
The Oneida Weekly Herald. In 1848 Mr. Colston withdrew, and in 1857 the papers were united with the Utica Daily Gazette.
Utica Christian Magazine was commenced by the Oneida AsBO- ciation and Presbytery in 1813, and was published about 3 years.
The Club was published at Utica by Henry Goodfellow & Co. about 3 months In 1814.
The Civil and Religious Intelligencer was started in 1815 at Sangerfield by Jos. Tenney. In 1825 it was changed to The Sangerfield Intelligencer, and in 1835 it was removed to "Franklin Village," now Fabius, Onondaga Co.
The Utica Observer was commenced by E. Dorchester In 1816.
1D 1818 it was removed to Rome and its name changed to
The Oneida Observer. In 1819 It was returned to Utica and its original name was resumed. A. G. Danhy, E. A. May- nard, Eli Maynard, C. C. Griffith, John P. Bush, Jobn - F. Kittle, and A. M. Beardsley were successively into- rested in the publication. Iu 1848 a daily edition was iesned. called
The Utica Daily Observer. In 1853 the papers united with the Utica Democrat, and are now published by D. C. Grove, the weekly edition as the
Observer and Democrat.
The Utica Democrat was commenced hy John G. Floyd in 1836. It was successively published by Edward Morris, Jarvis M. Hatch. and Benjamin Welch. 1n 1853 D. C. Grove became owner, and united it with the Observer.
The Utica Christian Repository, mo .. was commenced by Merrill & Hastings in 1822, Wm. Williams, publisher. About 1825 its name was changed to
The Western Recorder, a weekly religious paper, G. Tracy, pub- lisher. It was continued several years.
The Baptist Register was commenced by Elders, Galusha & Wiley. In 1825 it was published under the spices of the Baptist denomination, Alex. Beebe, editor, and Cepbas Bennett, pubhsher. In 1830 it was leased to Bennett & Bright for 5 years; and in 1835 the lease was renewed for 7 years. In 1840 Mr. Bright withdrew. It was successively published by Bennett, Backus & Haw- ley, Dolphus Bennett, A. M. Beebe, and D. Bennett, and in 1854 it was sohl and united with the New York Recorder, of the city of New York.
The Baptist Sunday-School Journal, mo., was commenced in 1828 by C. Bennett.
The Universalis!, mo., was commenced at Utica by Rev. J. S. Thompson, L. R. Smith. & G. B. Lishier in 1825. It was removed to I hiladelphia in about 1 year.
The Western Sunday School Visitant and Christian Miscellany was commenced at Utica by G. S. Wilson in 1826.
The Utica Intelligencer was commenced by E. S. Ely in 1826. In 1830 Joseph H. Buckingham became editor and Joseph Colwell publisher, and in 1831 the paper was united with
The Mechanics' Press, commenced by J. M. Ladd & W. Schram in 1829. The united papers were published a short time as The Ulica Inteligencer und Mechanics' Press, by Josepb Colwell, proprietor.
The Utica Magazine was commenced in 1827. It soon passed into the hands of Rev. Dolphus Skinner, who issued it semi-monthly as
The Evangelical Magazine. In 1830 he nnited it with the Gos- pel Advocate of Anburn, and published it weekly as the Evangelical Magazine and Gospel Advocate. In 185] it was merged in the Christian Ambassador, since published simultaneously in New York and Auburn.
The Gospel Messenger was commenced at Auburn by Rev. John C. Rudd in 1827, and was removed to Utica about 1835 and published as
The Gospel Messenger and Church Record. After the death of Mr. Rudd, Rev. Wm. A. Mutson became editor. The paper is still published as
The Gospel Messenger.
The American Citizen was published at Utica by Geo. S. Wilson -Bennett & Bright. printers-in 1830.
The Christian Journal was published at Utien in 1830 by E. S. Barrows.
The Co-Operator, semi-mo., was published at Utica in 1832 by Quartny Graves, M. K. Bartlett, editor.
The Lecer was published at l'tica by Win. S. Spear in 1832. The Oneida Democrat was commenced at Utica in 1833, and continued about 2 years.
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460
ONEIDA COUNTY.
the wonderful natural channel of navigation that extended through this co., and which, with a short and easy portage, connected the Mohawk with the great lakes and the fertile regions of the West. About the commencement of the last century, plans were proposed for improving this route and for fortifying the most important points upon it. The portage at Rome, from the Mohawk to Wood Creek, became a point of the first importance, and it was occupied as early as 1725; and a fortification known as Fort Bull was built upon Wood Creek soon after. On the 27th of March, 1750, this fort was surprised by a party of French and Indians, under M. De Lery, who had pene- trated through an interior route from La Presentation, on the St. Lawrence, by an exhausting march of 15 days. The garrison were unprepared; yet they made a spirited but ineffectual, re- sistance, and nearly every person perished. Alarm was carried to Fort Williams, on the Mohawk, 4 mi. distant, and a force was hastily sent to relieve Fort Bull, but arrived to late too render assist- ance. 'The enemy, after wasting the stores and provisions, retired with their prisoners and plunder
The Oneida Standard was commenced at Waterville in 1833. It was subsequently removed to Utica, and after the discoutinuance of the Democrat it assumed the name of
The Standard and Democrat, Quartus Graves, publisher. In 1835 it became obnoxious to its enemies from its aboli- tionism, and on the evening of Oct. 21 the office was entered by a mob and a part of the type aud furniture were thrown into the street.
The Friend of Man was commenced at Utica by the N. Y. State Anti-Slavery Society in 1836, Win. Goodell, editor. In 1841 Stanley P. Hough became editor, and in 1842 Wesley Bailey became proprietor, and united with it the Abolitionist, of Cazenovia, and changed the name to The Liberty Press. It was discontinued in 1:49.
The Utica Tretotaler was commenced by Wesley Bailey in 1849. In 1856 A. K. Bailey became proprietor. * In 1858 it was united with the Ilion Independent, the new paper taking the name of
The Central Independent, under which title it is now published by G. W. Bungay & A. K. Bailey, editors.
Youth's Miscellany was published at Utica by Beunett & Bright in 1834.
The Christian Visitant, mo., was published at Utica by A. B. Groosh in 1835.
The Tulisman was published at Utica by Bennett & Bright in 1835.
Mothers' Monthly Journal was published at Utica by Kingsford, Bennett & Bright in 1836.
The Examiner was published at Utica in 1836, and
The Freeman at UJtica in 1837, both by E. Dorchester.
Y Cenhadwr Americanidd, mo., (Welsh, American Messenger,) was commenced at Utica in 1832. 1n
1834 it was removed to Steuben, and is now published by Rev. Robert Everett.
Anti-Slavery Lecturer was published at Utica a short time by W'm. Goodell in 1:39.
Y Cyfaill (Welsh, The Friend) was removed from New York by Rev. W. Rowland in 1841. In 1844 it was re- turned to New York. In 1854 it was removed to Rome, aud in 1857 to Utica. It is now published by Tbos. Jenkins.
Central New York Washingtonian was published at Utica and Rome in 1842.
The Wesleyan Methodist was commenced at Utica by David Plumb in 1841. A paper, known successively as the Cortland Luminary and Ref. Metb. Intelligencer and the Fayetteville Luminary, was united with it, and the name changed to the
Methodist Reformer. In 1842 it was removed to Cazenovia, and soon after to Utica, W. Bailey, pubhsher. In 1843 it was merged in the True Wesleyan, of New York City. The Utica Daily News, the first daily paper in Utica. was com- menced by Joseph M. Lyon, John Arthur, C. Edwards Lester, and Jarvis M. Hatch, in Jan. 1842. It was con- tinued about 7 months.
The Ulicanian was published a short time by Squires & Soliss in 1842.
The American Journal of Insanity (quarterly) Was commenced by Dr. A. Brigham in 1843, and was edited for a time by Dr. T. R. Beck.
The Washingtimian was publisbed at Utica by J. C. Donaldson in 1843.
Cysill Ien Itadyn Americanidd (Welsh) was published at Utica by E. E. Roberts in 1843.
Young Ladies' Miscellany was published at Utica by Bennett, Backus & Ilawley in 1843.
Seren Arliewinol. (Welsh, Western Star,) mo .. was commenced at Utica in June, 1844. In 1846 it was removed to Penn. Washingtonian News was published at Utica by Matteson Baker in 1545.
The Clinton Signal was commenced by Paine & McDonald in 1×40. In 1848 its name was changed to
The Radiator ; and in 1849 the original name was resumed. In 1850 it was published as the
Oneida Chief, by Ira D. Brown. In 1855 it passed into the hands of Francis E. Merritt, and in 1857 into the hands of John H. Osboru, who changed its name to the
Clinton Courier, and still continues its publication. The Central News was published at Utica by M. Baker in 1846. Ilaut Gomer, (Welsh, Gomerian Sun,) semi-mo., was commenced in 1847 and issned 1 year.
The Central City Cudet was started at Utica iu 1849 by James & Howard. In 1850 it was changed to
The Cudet's Banner, and was soon after discontinued.
The Equalizer, a campaign paper, was published at Utica in 1850.
The Opal, mo., was commenced in 1851. It is edited and printed by patients of the Lunatic Asylumn.
The American Free Missionary was removed from MIcGrawville to Utica in 1850 or '51.
The American Baptist was commenced by the Free Mission Soc., W. Walker, editor, iu 1850. In 1856 it was re- moved to New York City.
The Diamond, mo., a boys' paper, was published at Utica 2 months in 1850 by A. K. Bailey, E. Wetmore, and C. W. Butler.
The Northern Farmer, mo., was commenced at Utica in Jan. 1852. It is now edited by T. B. Miner.
The Rural American was connnenced at Utica in Jan. 1-56, as a semi-mio. In Jan. 1859, its publication wae commenced weekly. It is now cdited by T. B. Miner. Mechanics' National Reporter was published at Utica a short time in 1851.
The Utica Evening Telegraph was commenced by Thos. R. McQuade, J. F. McQuade, editor, in May, 1852. In Feb. 1858, the office was burned. The publication was resumed in May, and is still continued.
The Scientific Daguerrean, mo., was commenced at Utica by D. D. T. Davie and Gnerdon Evaus in Jan. 1853.
Y Guyliedydd (Welsh, The Watchman.) was commenced at Utica by a company, Morgan Ellis. editor, in 1854. In 1856 it was removed to New York City and united with Y Dryck.
The Oncida Demokrat, semi-w., was published at Utica in 1854 by Paul Keiser & Co.
Young Folk's Advocate, mo., was commenced at Utica in July, 1858. It is now edited and published by T. B. Miner.
The Civil and Religious Intelligencer was published at Sanger- field in 1818.
The Rome Republican was commenced by Lorin Dewey in Feb. 1825. In May following, Chauncey Beach succeeded as publisher; and in 1830 the paper was united with the Oneida Republican, commenced in June, 1828. by J. P. Vau Sice. The united papers were continued by Van Sice, under the title of
The Republican. In 1831. E. Moon purchased and enlarged the paper, and changed its name to the
Rome Telegraph. Jas. N. Harris, John Boydon, HI. A. Foster, and others were successively interested in its publica- tion. In 1838 it passed into the hands of R. Waklley. who changed its name to the
Democratic Sentinel, Calvert Comstock, editor. In 1840 L. 1). Dana became editor; and in 1845 II. T. Utley and S. W. Morton purchased it and changed its name to the
Rome Sentinel. In Sept. 1846, Morton sold to A. J. Rowley; and in 1847 Utley sold to A. J. Rowley & Co., E. Comstock, editor. In 1850 Rowley became sole pro- prietor; and in Jan. 1852, be sold to Elan Comstock.
Rome Daily Sentinel was commenced by C. & E. Coni- stock, in connection with the Rome Sentinel. in July, 1>52. In Oct. 1854, E. Wager and D. D. Rowley. the present publishers. bought one-half, and in April, 1555, the remainder, of the establishment.
The Vernon Courier was commenced in July. 1835. In 1840 it was removed to Rome, and its name changed to
The Roman Citizen, C. B. Gay, editor, and HI. N. Bill, proprietor. J. K. Kenyon, J. P. Fitcb, Alfred Sanford, Geo. Scott, G. HI. Lynch, A. . D. Griswold, and A. C. Sanford were successively interested in its publication. In Oct. 1854. A. Sanford became sole proprietor. In 1855 the office was burned. The publication of the paper was soon after resumed by Mr. Sanford, and is still continued by him.
461
ONEIDA COUNTY.
toward Black River. Oswego was besieged by the French during the summer, and was surren- dered on the 14th of Aug. Alarmed at the sueeess of the French, and greatly in fear for his personal safety, Col. Webb, then commanding on the Mohawk, destroyed Forts Williams and Craven, and hastily retreated down the valley to Albany, leaving the frontiers to the mercy of the savages ; and the sequel is written in blood in the annals of the Upper Mohawk Valley.
Fort Stanwix was ereeted in the summer of 1758, on the site of the present village of Rome. It was heavily armed ; but the war ended without furnishing occasion for its use, and upon the peace it was allowed to fall into ruin. In June, 1776, Col. Dayton was sent by the Continental authori- ties to rebuild this fort, which was from this time named Fort Schuyler. Col. Peter Gansevoort was ordered hither in April, 1777, with the 3d Regiment, and while still unfinished the fort was besieged by the tories and Indians under St. Leger. This movement formed part of a plan of operations against the colonies which contemplated the reduction of this fort and the ultimate meeting at Albany of the three British armies from Lake Champlain, the Mohawk, and New York. To relieve this post, Gen. Herkimer was sent with a detachment of troops chiefly raised in "Tryon" co. This army fell into an ambuscade at Oriskany, where the memorable battle, elsewhere noticed, was fought on the 5th of Aug. 1777. While most of the savages were absent from their eamp, a well conducted sortie from Fort Schuyler, by a party under Colonel Willett, attacked the eamp of the enemy and took a large quantity of baggage and stores, 5 British standards, and the papers of most of the officers. The discontent which this incident occasioned among the Indians was increased to insubordination by the mysterious reports brought in by the emissaries of the Americans ; and on the 22d of Aug. the siege was raised, and the enemy retreated by the way of Oswego to Montreal. Portions of these troops subsequently joined Gen. Burgoyne and shared the fortunes of that officer. The fort was destroyed by fire and flood in May, 1781. Through the influence of Rev. S. Kirkland and others, the Oneidas were induced to remain neutral or join the American cause, and were rewarded by liberal concessions at subsequent treaties.1
Settlement had extended into the borders of the co. before the Revolution; but every vestige of improvement was swept away during the war. Civilization re-appeared with peace; and before the beginning of the present century the hardy pioneers of New England had pressed into nearly every town. The completion of the Western Inland Navigation Co.'s improvement in 1796, and of the Seneca turnpike and other early thoroughfares for emigration, aud the construction of the Eric Canal and the 3 lateral canals which here join it, and of the railroads which cross it, have formed marked eras in the improvement and prosperity of the co. In wealth, population, and enterprise it now ranks among the first cos. in the State.
ANNSVILLE ?-- was formed from Lee, Florence, Camden, and Vienna, April 12, 1823 It lies on the N. border of the co., w. of the center. Its surface is broken with ridges or swells, running E. and w., gradually increasing in height toward the N. There appear to have been at some period three small lakes in the town, two of which have broken through their barriers aud left fine, fertile valleys. The E. branch of Fish Creek3 forms a part of the E. boundary, and flows through the s. E part; and the w. branch of the same stream forms a part of the s. boundary. Several small streams are tributaries of the E. branch, the principal of which are Furnace and Fall Creeks. On the latter near its mouth, are three falls, of 14, 20, and 60 ft. respectively. The soil is clayey in the s., and sandy, gravelly, and stony in the other parts. Glenmore, (p. v.,) near the center, contains 2 sawmills, 1 gristmill, and 15 houses. Taberg,' (p. v.,) in the s. part, contains 2 churches, 3
The Compass was published at Verona in 1840.
The Purlor Journal and Literary News Letter of Central New York, mo., was published at Rome by Graham & Co. in 1843.
The Primitive, Christian, semi-mo., was published at Rome by R. Mattison in 1845.
The Camden Gazette was published at Camden by Munger & Stewart in 1842.
The Spiritual Magazine, mo., was published at the Oneida Re- serve in 1848. The Oneida Mirror was published at Camden by Edward Packard in 1849.
The Central State Journal was commenced in 1850 by I. W. Paine, S. S. Norton, editor. Its name was soon after changed to The Central New York Journal, and in Jan. 1853. to
The Vernon Transcript, J. R. Howlett, proprietor. In Oct. 1855, Niles Jewell became a partner; and in 1856 the paper was discontinued.
The Boonville Ledger was commenced by James H. Norton in March, 1852. It afterward passed into the hands of Ela Kent. In March, 1855, Mr. Kent sold to L. L. Childs & Co., who changed its name to the
Black River Herald, under which title it is now pub- lished by L. L. Childs.
The Waterville Advertiser was commenced by R. W. Hathway in 1851. The Empire State Health Journal was commenced at Rome in 1851 The Waterville Journal was commenced ir Jan. 1855, by A. P Fuller & Co., C. B. Wilkinson, editor. It was discon- tinued in March. 1856.
The Waterville Times was commenced in Jan. 1857, by Mckibbin & Wilkinson, and is still published.
Y Arweinydd, semi-mo., (Welsh, The Leader,) was com- menced at Rome in Jan. 1858, by R. R. Meredith, editor, and Thos. T. Evans, assistant editor.
1 The Oneidas reserved a large tract of land in the treaty of 1788, but ceded portions in 1795, 1798, 1802, 1805, 1807, 1809, 1810, 1811, 1815, 1817. 1824, 1826, 1827, and 1840, when they finally ceded the last of their lands held in common and received individual portions. Most of them have emigrated to Wisconsin ; and bnt about 60 now live in this co .- Census of 1855, pp. 500, 503, 513.
2 Named from the wife of J. W. Bloomfield, the first settler. 3 Called by the Indians Te-ge-ro-ken, "between the mouths." A branch of the creek was called A-on-ta-gillon, "Creek at point of rocks." In the neighborhood of Fall Creek are several ravines with very picturesque scenery.
+ Named from an iron-mining town in Sweden. The Oneida
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