USA > New York > Gazetteer of the State of New York: embracing a comprehensive view of the geography, geology, and general history of the State, and a complete history and description of every county, city, town, village, and locality, Part 2 > Part 52
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566
RICHMOND COUNTY.
Sailors' Snug Harbor, an institution established for the support of aged and infirm mariners.1 An institution for the support and education of the destitute children of seanien is situated near the Sailors' Snug Harbor.2 New Brighton (p. v.) contains 5 churches, several manufac- tories,3 2 large family boarding houses, and the residences of many persons doing business in New York City. Tompkinsville (p. v.) contains 4 churches and a number of manufactories. In this village are numerous suburban residences; and near by is the Quarantine. Center- ville is a hainlet. The census reports 7 churches in town.5
NORTHIFIELD-was formed March 7, 1788. It is situated in the N. w. part of the co., and ineludes several small islands in Staten Island Sound and Newark Bay. Its surface is level in the northern and eentral parts and hilly in the southern. Fresh Kils form the boundary between this town and Westfield. The soil is a clayey loam, under excellent cultivation. Along the w. and s. borders are extensive salt marshes. The town is very thickly settled along the shore of Newark Bay and the Kil Van Kull. Port Richmond, (p. v.,) in the N. E. part of the town, is a large manufacturing village,6 with convenient docks for shipping. Pop. 1,429. Graniteville, adjacent to Port Richmond, is a small settlement, with a pop. of 481. Granite was formerly extensively quarried at this place." Mariners Harbor is a thickly settled street along the shore of Newark Bay. Pop. 1,142. Old Place and New Springville (p.o.) are hamlets. Clielsea is a small village nearly opposite the mouth of Rahway River. Southfield and Hollins Hook are hamlets, and Long Neck is a p. o. near Fresh Kil. A part of Richmond and of Egbertsville8 are in this town. St. Andrews Church, (Prot. E.,) at Richmond, is the oldest on the island, and under the colonial Government it was supported by a co. tax.º The census reports 11 churches in town.10
SOUTHFIELD-was formed March 7, 1788. It is a long, narrow town extending along New York Bay. Great Kil is a bay in the s. part.11 Its surface is level or gently undulating, terminating in bluffs upon the E. shore. In the s. part arc several small streams bordercd by salt meadows. Stapleton (p. v.) is a scattered village in the N. part of the town. It con- tains 4 churches. The Seamen's Retreat12 and the Mariners' Family Asylum13 are located here. Clifton contains 2 churches and many beautiful residences. Richmond (p. v.) is situated
1 This establishment was founded by Robert Richard Randall, of New York. By the provisions of his will, dated June 1, 1801, weveral annuities and legacies were to be paid, and the residue of his estate conveyed in trust to the State Chancellor, the Mayor and Recorder of New York, the senior minister of the Episcopal and of the Presbyteriau churches of the city, the President of the Chamber of Commerce and the President and Vice-President of the Marine Society, and their successors, for the support of aged and infirm sailors. The trustees were incorp. Feb. 6, 1806. The property tbus bequeathed lay near Union Square, in New York, and a protracted and expensive lawsuit prevented the trustees from fully executing the intentions of the benefactor until many years after his death. This suit was decided in the U. S. Supreme Court, in Feb. 1830, in favor
of the trustees. It was allowed to accumulate until 1830, when the present site (embracing 163 acres) was purchased, and preparations were made for the erection of the necessary build- ings. The cornerstone of the edifice was laid Oct. 21, 1831. The buildings consist of a main edifice with two wings, a hospital, (erected in 1853,) a commodious dining and lodging hall, (erected in 1855,) a chapel, (erected in 1856,) the governor, physician, chaplain, and steward's dwellings, a laundry, a gardener's house, and other buildings. The remains of the founder of the insti- tution were interred beneath a monument in front of the main building, Aug. 31, 1834. The officers of the establishment con- sist of a president, secretary, governor, treasurer, chaplain, phy- sician. assistant governor, steward, and agent. chosen annually by the trustees. Capt. John Whetten was the first governor, and since 1845 Capt. De Peyster has held that office. The total number of inmates received since 1845 has been 477; the present nuin- ber (Ang. 1858) is 380. Among the inmates the average number of deaths is 25 per annum. The annual income of the institu- tion is $75,000.
2 " The Society for the Relief of Destitute Children of Seamen" was formed in 1846 and incorp. 1851. An annual payment of $2 constitutes a member, and a single payinent of $25, a life mem- ber. It is managed and chiefly supported by ladies. The yearly expenditures are about $7,000.
8 A silk handkerchief printing establishment, started here in 1842, gives employment to about 150 persons.
4 Named from Gov. Daniel D. Tompkins, who resided bere from 1814 till his death in 1825.
6 2 Prot. E., Bap., Moravian, Ref. Prot. D., R. C., and Unit.
& The Damascus Steel Co. employs 50 to 60 hands in the manu- facture of iron from the ore, and of ateel fromn iron. At this place are several large hrickkilns. The Northfield Brick Co. employ about 30 hands, and the Richmond Co. about 45. White lead is also manufactured to some extent.
7 The granite obtained at this place is very tough, and consists of hornblende and feldspar intimately blended. It was quarried by the Brick and Granite Co., (organized in May, 1848. ) and was largely used in making the Russ pavement of New York City. A R. R. has been built from the quarry to the dock,-a distance of 1 mi.
8 Named from Jas. Egberts, a former resident.
9 Elias Duxbury, by will in 1768, devised a certain plantation as a glebe to this church. By the act of Feb. 18, 1814, the trus- teos were authorized to sell this, and the proceeds were invested for the benefit of the church. A large amount of valuable real estate adjoining the Quarantine Ferry is owned by this society, and is leased for a term of 50 years.
10 3 Bap., 2 M. E., Evang. Luth., Cong., Meth., Prot. E., Ref. Prot. D., and R. C.
11 The waters of the bay s. of this town were selected for the anchorage of infected vessels by the commissioners for the re- moval of the quarantine, June 9. 1857.
12 In March, 1801, a tax was imposed upon scamen and pas- sengers entering the port of New York, the proceeds of which were applied to the Quarantine Hospital. But the injustice of devoting a revenue derived from the hard earnings of seamen to objects having no connection with their interests or support led to the passage of a law in 1831, by which this tax was directed to be paid to the Board of Trustees of the Seamen's Fund and Retreat in the city of New York. A surplus that bad been paid into the State treasury, amounting to $12,197 68, was also placed in the hands of the trustees. A tract of 40 acres was bought for $10,000, temporary buildings were erected, and, on the 1st of Oct. 1831, 47 patients were admitted. The cornerstone of the present structure was laid July 4. 1835, and the hnilding was finished in 1837. It is built of hammered stone, is 3 stories high. and will accommodate 200 inmates. An insane hospital, nouses for the superintendent and physicians, and other buildings, have been erected. The cost of the main building was $90,000, ol the insane hospital $6,000, and the total cost has been $115.000. Up to Jan. 1, 1854, 16,764 patients had been received, of whom 680 had died. By an act passed April 7. 1854, the mayor and health officer of New York, the presidents of the Seamen's Sav- ings Bank and the Marine Society, and 7 other persons. (4 of whom must be inasters of vessels, appointed by the governor and Senate.) were constituted trustees of the establishment. The trustees must be residents of New York, Kings, Queeus, or Rich- niond Cos.
18 By an act passed in 1847, the trustees of the Seamen's Re- treat were directed to provide for the support of destitute sick or infirin mothers. wives, sisters, daughters, and widows of sea- men, aud $10,000 was applied for the erection of suitable build-
567
RICHMOND COUNTY.
on a creek tributary to the Fresh Kils, on the line of Northfield. It is the co. seat, and contains the co. buildings, 1 church, and about 50 houses. Bay View is a p. o., and Egbertsville (New Dorp p. o.) is a small village. The census reports 5 churches in town.1
WESTFIELD-was formed March 7, 1788. It occupies the s. w. extremity of the island, and is the largest town in the co. Its surface is generally level or gently undulating. Princes Bay is an indentation upon the s. coast, to the E. of which is Seguines Point.2 Fresh Kils forms the boundary between this town and Northfield. Material for fire brick is found in abundance near Staten Island Sound, and considerable quantities of it have been taken to New York for manufacture. Upon the coast, near the w. extremity of Princes Bay, is a lighthouse." The people of this town are principally engaged in fishing and taking oysters. A limited amount of manu- factures is carried on.4 Tottenvilles (Bentley p.o.) is situated on Staten Island Sound, op- posite Perth Amboy. Pop. 600. Kreischerville, (p. v.,) on Staten Island Sound, contains a large firebrick manufactory, and 1 church. Pop. about 400. In the vicinity are large beds of fire clay, paper clay, fire sand, and kaolin. Rossville6 (p. v.) has a population of 300. The inhabitants are chiefly engaged, directly or indirectly, in the oyster trade. Lemon Creek (p. c.) is a hamlet, known as "Pleasant Plains," and Marshland is a p. o. Blooming View' and Woodrow are small villages. Richmond Valley (p. o.) is a hamlet, and Southside a p. o. The census reports 7 churches in town.8
Acres of Land, Valuation, Population, Dwellings, Families, Freeholders, Schools, Live Stock, Agricultural Products, and Domestic Manufactures, of Richmond County.
ACRES OF LAND.
VALUATION OF 1858.
POPULATION.
SCHOOLS.
NAMES OF TOWNS.
Improved.
Unimproved.
Real Estate.
Personal
Property.
Total.
Males.
Females.
No. of Dwellings.
No. of Families.
Freeholders.
No. of
Children
Castleton ..
1,359
8621
1,154
1,447 939
623 518
5
2,638
Northfield ..
3.775₺
2,932
33,030,090 1,259,095 1,830,833 824,800
$325,000 75,000 17,500 75,000
$3,355,090 1,334,095 1,848,333 899,800
4,102 2,064 2,654 1,749
4,150 2,123 2,795
759
1,003
473
4
2.109
Westfield
7,185;
2,325
611
667
473
7
1,296
Total.
15,072}
7,602} |$6,944,818 | $492,500
$7,437,318
10,569 10,820
3,220
4.056 2,087
24
8,133
LIVE STOCK.
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS.
BUSH. OF GRAIN.
NAMES OF TOWNS.
Horses.
Working
Oxen and
Calves.
Cowon.
Sheep.
Swine.
Winter.
Spring.
Tons of Hay.
Bushels of
Potatoes.
Bushels of
Pounds
Butter.
of Pounds Cheese.
Domestic
Castleton
101
137
132
2
183
1.019
5,641
652
4,077
2,595
Northfield.
229
230
399
396
3,193k
16,3664
1,501
8,471
28
12,525
Southfield.
135
267
212
25
291
4,970
12,910
1.586
2,972
8,945
Westfield.
380
427
446
30
856
5,284}
27,215}
3,293
6,219
300
Total
845 1,061 1,189
57
11,726
14,4674
62,132} 7,032
21,739
28
24,365
ings. An association of ladies, styled " The Mariners' Family Industrial Society," was incorp. April 9, 1849, baving for its object the relief of the destitute families of seamen. Tbe build- ing was completed in Dec. 1853, opened in May, 1855, and dedi- cated June 9 of the same year. By an act passed March 17, 1851, a board of trustees was created for its management : this board consists of certain ex officio members and the Board of Counsel- lors of the M. F. I. Soc. Ten per cent. of the receipts hy the Trustees of the Seainen's Fund and Retreat was applied to this establisbment by a law passed April 12. 1854.
1 2 Prot. E., 2 Ref. l'rot. D .. and 1 R. C.
2 Pronounced Se-guine. This point was purchased hy the located at this place.
State as a site for the quarantine. See page 565.
8 Built in 1828.
4 The Staten Island Oil Co. was organized in July, 1853, and incorp. as the " Staten Island Oil and Candle Co." in Feb. 1857; 30 to 40 hands are employed in the manufacture of adamantine candles and red oil from palm oil aud animal fats. On the Fresh Kils is a manufactory of fire brick, and near Rossville a manufactory of bone black.
5 Named from the Totten family, the members of which aro numerous in the locality.
6 Named from Wm. E. Ross.
7 A seminary, called the " Huguenot Institute," was formerly
8 2 M. E., Bap., Af. Meth., Prot. E., Ref. Prot. D., and R. C.
8
1,790
Southfield.
2,752
1,483
696
Apples.
of
Districts.
taught.
1,752
DAIRY PRODUCTS.
Manufactures, in Yards.
ROCKLAND COUNTY.
CO THIS county was formed from Orange, Feb. 23, 1798. It is tri- angular in form, Hudson River, New Jersey line, and the s. bounds of Orange co. being respectively its E., s. w., and N. w. boundaries. It is centrally distant 105 mi. from Albany, and contains 208 sq. mi. The Ramapo Mts., extending along the N. w. border, are the connecting link between the Blue Ridge of Eastern Penn. and N. J. and the Matteawan Mts. of Putnam co., E. of the Hudson. They are separated into numerous distinct spurs, ridges, and peaks, and occupy more than one-third of the entire surface of the co. They are generally steep, rocky, and barren, and the valleys between them are narrow, rocky ravines. The Palisade Range from N. J. enters the extreme s. angle of the co., and terminates abruptly s. of Piermont. A broken ridge, known as the Nyack Hills, forming a N. spur of this range, but without its continuous and wall like character, extends N. along the river to the N. part of Clarks- town, where it unites with Verdrieteges Ilook, an E. spur of the Ramapo Range. The surface of the central and s. w. portions of the co., lying between these ranges, is rolling or moderately hilly. The highest summits in the N. w. part are 700 to 1,000 feet above tide. The principal streams are Hackensack River, flowing s. through Clarkstown and Orangetown, Ramapo River, in the w. angle of Ramapo, and Minisceongo Creek, Minas Fall Creek, and Spar Kil, tributaries of the Hudson. The rocks of the Ramapo Mts. are principally primitive. Granite, gneiss, and metamorphic limestone abound. The hills along the river and Verdrieteges Hook are composed of red sandstone, known to geologists as the New Red Sandstone; and the central and w. portions of the co. are principally underlaid by limestone. These rocks yield an abundance of most excellent building material,1 and from the white limestone in the N. E. corner of the co. large quantities of lime are manufactured.2 Trap rock extends from N. J. into the s. border of the co. The people are largely engaged in fruit growing and gardening. Milk is sent from some parts of the co. in considerable quantities to the New York market. The manufacture of lime and brick and the exportation of ice are important branches of the industry of the co. Large quantities of red sandstone for building are annually quarried and exported. The manufactures of the co. are also important and various, consisting principally of shoes, wooden ware, and woolen yarn.
The co. seat is located at the village of New City, in Clarkstown. A combined courthouse and jail, built of brick, is situated upon a beautiful eminence overlooking the village.8 The clerk's office is a fireproof brick building adjacent to the courthouse. The poorhouse is located upon a farm of 43 acres at Mechanicsville, in Ramapo, 7 mi. w. of the courthouse. The average number of inmates is 100, supported at a weekly expense of 75 cts. each. The farm yields a revenue of $700. A school is taught during the entire year, and the house is well kept. The N. Y. & Erie R. R. extends through the w. part of Ramapo, and the Piermont Branch of the same road extends from Piermont, on the Hudson, to Sufferns, where it unites with the main track.4
Two weekly newspapers are now published in the co.5
This co. was included in patents known as the Kakiate Patent, granted to Daniel HIonan and Michael Hawdon, June 25, 1696; the Wawayanda Patent, granted to John Bridges, April 29, 1703; and the Cheescocks Patent, granted to Ann Bridges and others, March 20, 1707. The first patent recorded in the co. clerk's office is one granted to Samuel Bayard, bcaring date Sept. 16,
I See page 570.
2 This lime is used exclusively for agricultural purposes .- See page 569.
8 The first courthouse after the erection of the co. was built in 1798-99. The present house was erected in 1827, and the jail was added in 1856. The whole cost was about $16,000. The first co. officers were John Sufferu, First Judge ; David Pye, Co. Clerk; Jacob Wood, Sheriff; Peter Talman. Surrogate.
4 A R. R. extends s. from Piermont to Jersey City. It was finished in 1859, and is intended to continue N. to Warreu.
5 The Palladium was started at Warren, abont 1812, by Eze- kiel Burroughs, and WAR continued a short time.
The Rockland Register was commenced at Warren, in 1828, by Ezekiel Burroughs: in 1830 it was changed to
The Rockland Gazelle, and in 1$34 it was wuited with The Ad- vertiser.
The Rockland Adrertiser was started at Warren, in May, 1353, by John Douglas; and in 1834 it was united with The Gazette, under the name of
The Rockland Advertiser and Family Gazette; and in 1843 it was published as
The Rockland News and General Advertiser. by John L. Burtis. The North River Times was started at Warren. in 1834, by Alexander HI. Wells, and was continued a short time. The Mirror was published at Warren a short time in 1839.
The Rockland County Messenger was established at Warren. in May, 1546, by Robert Marshall; in 1852 it passed into the hands of Robert Smith, by whom it is still continued.
The Rockland County Journal was commenced in July. 1850. at Nyack, by Win. G. Hlaeselbarth, and is still continued by him.
568
569
ROCKLAND COUNTY.
1703.1 The old courthouse, built about 1739 for that part of Orange co. s. of the mountains, was at Tappantown, opposite the old Ref. Prot. D. church, and was burned before the Revolution. The first settlers were Dutch, who located in the s. E. part of the co. from 1690 to 1710.º
CLARKSTOWN-was formed from Haverstraw, March 18, 1791. It lies upon the Hudson, and is the central town upon the E. border of the co. Verdrieteges Hook, a rocky ridge 500 to 800 feet above tide, extends along the N. line, and the Nyack Range occupies a considerable portion in the s. E. corner. The remaining parts of the town, comprising four-fifths of its surface, are rolling or moderately hilly. Hackensack River flows s. through near the center, and a narrow swamp extends along the greater part of its course. Rockland Lake, about 1 mi. from the Hudson, is a fine sheet of pure water, 3 mi. in circumference and 160 feet above the river. The soil is a reddish, sandy loam underlaid by clay. Considerable attention is given to fruit growing. Rockland Lake,8 (p. v.,) in the E. part of the town, and extending from the lake to the river, contains a church, a foundry and machine shop, and a ship yard. Pop. 430. An extensive business is carried on at this place in preserving and exporting ice." New City, (Clarkstown p. o.,) the co. seat, a little N. w. of the center, contains the co. buildings, a church, and 28 dwellings. Nanuet, (p. v.,) formerly "Clarkstown Station," a station upon the Piermont Branch of the Erie R. R., in the s. w. part, contains 1 church and 20 dwellings. Clarksville, (Nyack Turnpike p. o.,) in the s. part, contains a church and 18 dwellings. Dutch Factory, a hamlet in the w. part, contains a cotton factory and 2 woolen yarn factorics. The first scttlements were made by the Dutch, at an early period. The first church (Ref. Prot. D.) was formed near Clarksville.5
HAVERSTRAW-was formed March 7, 1788.7 Clarkstown and Ramapo were taken off in 1791. It lies upon the Hudson, in the N. angle of the co. Nearly the entire surface is hilly and mountainous. The Ramapo or Blue Mts., extending through the N. w. part, are divided into numerous precipitous and rocky peaks, and spurs from the principal range extend to the banks of the Hudson.8 Verdrieteges Hook, a long, rocky ridge, forms a considerable portion of the N. border. The s. E. portion is moderately hilly. The valleys separating these mountains are mostly narrow, rocky ravines. Stony Point is a small rocky peninsula on the river, near the center of the E. border of the town.9 The principal streams are Miniscconga and Miners Creeks, flowing into the Hudson, and Stony Brook, a tributary of Ramapo River, a branch of the Passaic. The soil is a sandy loam underlaid by clay. Extensive beds of a fine quality of clay border upon the river above Warren, and from them arc annually manufactured 150,000,000 of bricks, giving employment to over 1,000 men. Limestone crops out ncar Tompkins Cove, from which large quantities of lime are manufactured. A gas spring is found 2} mi. s. of Stony Point.10 Warren,11 (Haverstraw p. o.,) situated upon the Hudson, in the s. E. angle of the town, was incorp. in 1854.
1 This tract is described as follows :- " A certain tract of va- cant land within our county of Orange called by the Indians Whorinims. Peruck, Gemakie, and Nanashunck, and is in several small pieces; and also another parcel of land, beginning at the south hounds of lands lately granted to Daniel Honan and Michael Hawdon, being a small creek that runs into Demaree's Creek to the sonthward of Nanashunck, and runs from thence by Demaree's said creek as it runs southerly to the lyne parting our said Province from the Jerseys; and soe by the said parting line westward to a small river called Saddle River, thence by the Baid river northward until an east line doe run to the southwest corner of the said llonans and Ilawdons land, containing by estimation two thousand acres of improvable land, &c. &c."
Another deed on record commences, "To all X Tian People," (Christian l'eople.) Johannes Mynne, of llaverstraw, &c. &c. to Albert Mynne, of Haverstraw, &c. &e., and dated 1694.
Witness, Thomas Luirens, Frans Wessel, and Peter Jacobus Manrius.
" Among these early settlers were Capt. Cornelius Cuyper, Capt. Cornelius Harring, Johannes Meyer, Gerhardus Clowes, Derrick Straat, Jacobns Swartwont, Jonathan Ross, Thomas Pulling. Jolin Gaile, Cornelius Smith, Jacob King, William Kur- track, John Ellison, Rinear Kisarike, Col. Vincent Matthews, Hendrick Ten Eyck, Guylbert Crom, Minard Hogon Kamp, Garret Sneideker, Daniel Denton, Petress Decker, Jonathan Sea- mons, Thos. Maybee, Daniel De Clark, William Wyant, Evert Hombeck. John Van Fliet, Johannes Blauvelt, Nicholas Coneklin, Lambert Auriancey, Tennis Van Houten, and Teunis Talman.
3 The landing at this village is sometimes called Slaughters Landing.
4 200,000 tons of ice are annually exported. The business gives employment to 1000 men during the season of securing the ice, and to abont 100 men continually.
6 There are 4 churches in town; 2 M. E., Ref. Prot. D., and Seceders.
6 Siguifying Oat Straw. The name is said to be derived from
the quantities of wild oats growing on the borders of the river when the town was first settled.
7 The date of forination as a precinct was not ascertained. Their distance from Tappan occasioned an act, June 24, 1719, allowing the inhabitants to elect a supervisor, a collector, 2 assessors, a constable, and 2 overseers of highways, on the 1st Tuesday of April annually.
6 The principal of these peaks are the Dunderbergh and West Mts., in the N. E .; Buchau, Barrack, Bulson, Pine, and Collaberg Ilills, near the center; Rock House Hill, Blackmine Ridge, and llorsepond Mts., in the w .; and Hasha Hill and Cheese Coats Hill iu the s.
9 During the Revolution, Stony Point and Verplanks Point, on the opposite side of the Hudson, were strongly fortified, the two fortresses commanding the channel and Kings Ferry, the prin- cipal route between New England and the South. On the 1st of June, 1779, Gen. Vaughn, at the head of a considerable British force, made an attack upon these [ laces and captured both. The garrison at Fort La Fayette, on Verplanks Poiut, consisting of 70 men, were taken prisoners; and that at Stony Point, con- sisting of 40 men, evacuated the place on the approach of the British. Gen. Clinton inunediately ordered the works strength- eucd, and prepared for permanent occupation. Stony Point was surrounded on 3 sides by water, and on the fourth by a marsh covered at high tide, and crossed by a narrow causeway. On the night of July 16, 1779. this place was stormed and takeu by an American force under Gen. Wayne. The loss of the Americaus was 15 killed and 83 wounded, and of the British, 63 killed and 543 prisoners. This action was one of the most daring and bril- liant that occurred during the war. A light was erected ou ths site of the fort in 1826.
10 Geol. 1st Dist. p. 107.
11 Locally known as llaverstraw. The large rolling mill of the Sampson Iron Co., 1} mi. w. of this place, usually employing 100 to 150 hands, has suspended operations.
570
ROCKLAND COUNTY.
It contains 5 churches, a newspaper office, academy,1 paper mill, ship yard, foundry, and a silk manufactory. Pop. about 1,700. Tompkins Cove, upon the Hudson, is a village grown up around the extensive limeworks of C. Tompkins & Co. It contains a church, a private school supported by the company, and 60 dwellings.2 Garnerville, 2 mi. N. w. of Warren, contains 1 church, the Rockland Print Works,3 and 40 dwellings. North Haverstraw, (p. v.,) upon the Iludson, 3 mi. N. of Warren, contains 2 churches and 28 dwellings. Thiells Corner, 4 mi. w. of Warren, contains a needle factory, 2 gristmills, a church, and 15 dwellings. Mont- ville, Caldwells Landing,' and Grassy Point are hamlets. Fort Clinton, the ruins of which are still visible, was situated upon the river, in the N. E. angle of the town. The house in which Arnold and Andre met to consummate the bargain for the delivery of West Point to the British is still standing, about halfway between Warren and North Haverstraw. There are 11 churches in town.5
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