USA > New York > Gazetteer of the State of New York: embracing a comprehensive view of the geography, geology, and general history of the State, and a complete history and description of every county, city, town, village, and locality, Part 2 > Part 73
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The rocks of this co. belong to the Chemung and Catskill groups. The former occupies all the surface N. of the river and forms the underlying rock of the hills s., and the latter crowns all the summits s. of the river. The sandstone of the Chemung group is quarried for flagging ; and some of the red sandstone is sufficiently compact to make good building stone. Limestone, from which lime is manufactured, is found along the Penn. border. There are no other minerals of import- ance. The river valleys, and many of the hills adjoining, are covered deep with drift, consisting of sand, clay, and gravel. This deposit near Factoryville is 80 ft. thick, and a wide belt of it
seems to extend northerly in an almost unbroken liue from the latter place to Cayuga Lake. The principal streams are Susquehanna River, and Owego, Catatunk, Cayuta, Pipe, and Apalachin Creeks and their branches. These creeks have generally rapid currents, though few waterfalls ; and they furnish all necessary water-power for local purposes. Their valleys are usually narrow and rocky in their upper courses, but toward the Susquehanna they expand into broad and beautiful level intervales. The valleys of the Susquehanna and several of its tributaries are celebrated for their beauty.
The soil along the valleys is a rich, deep, gravelly loam, with an occasional intermixture of clay and sand. The intervales along the Susquehanna are especially noted for their fertility. The uplands are gravelly and sandy and moderately fertile. Upon the summits the soil is hard and unproductive, and in many places the rocks are entirely bare. A considerable portion of the up- lands is still covered with forests.
The prominent interest of the co. is agricultural, and its various branches are successfully pur sued. Winter and spring grains, corn, and the root crops, are mostly cultivated on the lowlands or river bottoms, and the uplands are devoted to stock and wool growing and dairying. Consider- able commercial interest has grown up in connection with the rail roads, and manufactures have also been established to a limited extent.1
The county seat is located at Owego, upon the Susquehanna.2 The courthouse, a wooden structure, was erected about 40 years since, at a cost of $8,000. It is in a good state of preserva- tion. The jail, jailor's house, and barn, all of brick, were built in 1851, at a cost of about $6,000. The jail contains 8 double cells. The clerk's office is a fireproof brick building, erected in 1858, at a cost of $2,200. The courthouse, clerk's office, jail, jailor's house, and barn occupy a square in the center of the village.
1 A large Inmber and tanning business was formerly carried | 8, 1812, the co, was divided into 2 .Jury Districts, and the courts on ; but it has declined. from the scarcity of material.
2 By the organic art of 1791, Tioga was formed a half-shire county. It provided that the courts should be held alternately at " ('henango," in the town of Union, and at " Newtown Point," in the town of Chemung, the former now Binghamton. Broome co., and the latter Elmira, Chemung co. The half-shire was abolished upon the organization of Broome co. in 1806; Feb. 17, 1810. Nathaniel Locke, Anson Cary, and Samuel Campbell were appointed commissioners to locate the courthouse site, and Joshua Ferris, Isaac Swartwont, and Samuel Westbrook to superintend the erection of the building; and in 1511-12 the county scat was removed from Elmira to Spencer Village. June !
were held at Elmira and Spencer. The Kast Jury District em- braced the towns of Tioga, Spencer. Danby, Caroline. Candor. Berkshire, and Owego; and the West. the towns of Cayuta, Catherines, Chemung, and Elmira. The courthouse at Sprucer was burned in 1821, and by an act of 1822 the half -- bire of the county was re-established. and Dwego and Elmira became the half-shire towns. Upon the organization of Chening co. in 1836. Elmira became its county seat, and Owego the county seat of Tioga. The first county officers were Abrain Miller, First Jwlge ; Wm. Stuart. District Attorney : Thomas Nicholson, County Clerk ; James McMasters, Sherif; and John Merscrean, Surrogate.
650
TIOGA COUNTY.
The county poorhouse, a stone building, is located near Owego, upon a farm of 62 acres, which yields an annual income of $600. The average number of inmates is 62, and the whole number of roonis for their accommodation is 15. No school is connected with the establishment, and no means are provided for religious instruction.
The principal works of internal improvement are the N. Y. & E. R. R., extending along the river valley through Owego, Tioga, and Barton ; and the Cayuga & Susquehanna R. R., extending from Owego northward through Tioga and Candor to Ithaca.1 These roads furnish ample facilities for transportation, and bring the products of the county into close proximity to the Eastern markets.
Three weekly newspapers are now published in the co.2
The first settlement in this county was made upon the Susquehanna intervales, soon after the Revolution, by emigrants from the Wyoming Valley in Penn. These settlers originally came from Conn. and Mass., and left Wyoming in consequence of troubles growing out of the Indian hostilities and of controversies in regard to title. They located here before the Indian title to the lands was extinguished. The greater part of the present territory was comprised in the Boston Ten Towns. The title of this tract, comprising 230,400 acres between Chenango River and Owego Creek, was vested in the State of Mass. in 1786, and in 1787 it was sold to a company of 60 per- sons, mostly residents of that State. The greater part of the proprietors immediately took posses- sion of these lands ; and thus it happened that the county was filled up with a New England popu- lation while the fertile region of Western New York was yet an unbroken wilderness.
BARTON-was formed from Tioga, March 23, 1824. It lies w. of the Susquehanna, in the s. w. corner of the co. Its surface is generally hilly. A small portion of level land lies along the s. border. The highlands on the w. rise abruptly from the valley of Cayuta Creek, and are divided into two ridges by the valley of Ellis Creek. Their summits are broad and rolling and generally covered with forests. The highest points are 400 to 600 ft. above the river. The soil is a rich alluvium in the valleys and a sandy or gravelly loam upon the hills. A sulphur spring is found on Ellis Creek, near the center of the town. Waverly, (p. v.,) situated upon the Erie R. R., in the s. w. part of the town, was incorp. in 1854. It contains the Waverly Academy, 5 churches, and several manufactories. Pop. 1,067. Factoryville, (p. v., ) on Cayuta Creek, 12 mi. N. of Waverly, contains 180 inhabitants; and Barton, (p. v.,) near the N. E. corner, on the Susquehanna, 30 dwellings. North Barton is a p. o. Halsey Valley (p. o.) is a hamlet in the N. E. part, on the line of Tioga. The first settlement was begun by Ebenezer Ellis and Stephen Mills, who located near the mouth of Ellis Creek in 1791.3 There are 9 churches in town.4
BERKSHIRE-was formed from Tioga, Feb. 12, 1808. Newark was taken off in 1823, and Richford in 1831. It lies upon the E. border of the co., N. of the center. Its surface is mostly a hilly and broken upland, with a mean elevation of 1,200 to 1,400 ft. above tide. A high hill, with steep declivities, lies E. of the center of the town. The streams are the East and West Branches of Owego Creek and their tributaries. The soil in the valleys is a sandy and gravelly loam, and upon the hills it is a tough elay and hardpan. Berkshire (p. v.) contains 3 churches and 34 dwellings. East Berkshire and Wilson Creek are p. offices. The pioneer settlers of the town were Daniel Ball and Isaae Brown, who came in 1791.5 Rev. Seth Williston conducted the first religious services in town.6
1 This road cost $500,000, and it was sold. in 1852, for $4,500.
2 The American Farmer was commenced at Owego in 1810 by Stephen Mack. In 1813 it was sold to Stephen B. Leonard, who changed its name to
The Owego Gazette, and continued it until 1835, when he sold to J. B. Shurtliff. In 1841 the office was buried, and the paper was discontinued a short time; but soun after it WAS resuscitated by E. P. Marble, and in 1843 it was sold to Thomas Woods. In 1844 it was changed to
The Tioga Freeman. John Dow, publisher, and in a few years was discontinued. A local party dispute having arisen, another paper, called
The Owego Gazette, was started in 1844 by IJ. A. Brebe. and the two papers were published under the same name for several months. In 1845 Thomas Peasall became proprietor, and in 1846 the paper was sold to David Walter and son. In IS4S it again passed into the hands of 1I. A. Berbe. by whom it is still published.
The Republican was published 1 year at Owego in 1833 by - Chatterton.
The Owego Advertiser was commenced in 1x36 by Andrew II. Calhoun, and was continned by him unti 1852. when he sold to Powell & Barnes, who changed its name to
The Southern Tier Times. In 1854 Wm. Smyth purchased the estaldishment and changed the name of the paper to
The Owego Times, under which title he still continues its publication.
The Waverly Advocate was commenced at Waverly Village in 1852 by F. HI. Baldwin. It is now published by Baldwin & Polley.
The St. Nicholas, a monthly literary magazine, was published about 1 year in 1853.
3 Among the other early settlers were - Aikens, Ezekiel Williams, John Hanna, Wm. Bensley, Luke Saunders, James Swartwood, Charles Bingham. Layton Newell, Lyon C. Hedges, Philip Crans, Justice Lyon, John Manhart, - Reed, and Silas Wolcott. A number of these were from the Wyoming Valley, and some of them from the adjoining towns of this co. George W. Buttson erected the first sawmill, at Barton Village. 4 5 M. E., 2 Bap., Prot. E., and R. C.
6 Among the first settlers were Stephen and Samnel Ball, Peter Wilson. and Josiah Ball. Trom Stockbridge, Mass., in 1792-93. John Brown. Capt. Asa Leonard, Eben. Cook. Daniel Carpenter, Consider Lawrence, David Williams, Joseph Waldo, Nathaniel Ford. Abel. Azel, and Nathaniel Hovey, Jeremiah Campbell. and Samuel Collins, -- all from Berkshire co., Mass,,-came in soon after. W. Il. Moore kept the first inn and store; David Wil- liais erected the first mill; and Miss T. Moore taught the first school.
6 The census reports 4 churches; 2 M. E., Cong., and Bap.
651
TIOGA COUNTY.
CANDOR-was formed from Spencer, Feb. 22, 1811. It is a large town, extending from the eenter to the x. border of the co. Its surface consists of high, broad, rolling uplands, separated into ridges by the narrow valleys of streams flowing in a southierly direction. Their declivities are generally abrupt, and their summits are mostly covered with forests. Catatunk Creek flows through the center of the town, and the West Branch of Owego Creek forms the E. boundary. A western branch of Catatunk Creek enters the town near the center of its w. border and flows E., its valley completely dividing the western ridge into two parts. The soil is a gravelly loam, very fertile in the valleys and moderately so upon the hills. The settlements are mostly confined to the valleys. Candor (p. v.) is situated on Catatunk Creek, near the eenter of the town. It is a station on the C. & S. R. R., and contains 4 churches, a woolen factory, flouring mill, 2 sawmills, and about 70 dwellings. Candor Center, } mi. w. of Candor, contains 1 church, a flouring mill, 2 sawmills, and 20 dwellings. Willseyville, (p. v.,) a station on the C. & S. R. R., in the N. W. part of the town, contains 20 dwellings. South Candor, on Catatunk Creek, near the s. bor- der of the town, contains a church and about 20 dwellings. Weltouville (p. o.) is a hamlet at the mouth of Doolittle Creek. East Candor is a p. o. The first settlers were Thos. Hollis- ter, Job Judd, - Luddington, and - Jordan, from Conn., who came into town in 1793.1 Rev. Daniel Loring was the first preacher. The eensus reports 10 churches.2
NEWARK-was formed from Berkshire, as "Westville," April 12, 1823. Its name was ehanged March 24, 1824. It lies upon the center of the E. border of the eo. Its surface is mostly a hilly, upland region, with a mean elevation of about 1,200 ft. above tide. Its streams are the West Branch of Owego Creek, forming the w. boundary, and the East Braneh, flowing s. w. through near the center of the town. The soil in the valleys is a fine, gravelly loam, but upon the hills it is an unproductive hardpan. The greater part of the uplands are yet unsettled. Newark Valley, (p. v.,) located in the valley of East Owego Creek, contains 2 ehurehes, mills, an ex- tensive tannery, and 75 dwellings. Ketchumville, (p. v.,) in the N. E. corner of the town, 7 mi. N. E. of Newark Valley, contains a church, sawmill, and 26 dwellings. West Newark is a p. o. The settlement of the town was commenced in 1791, by emigrants from Berkshire co., Mass.3 The first religious association (Cong.) was formed in 1798, by Rev. Seth Williston, a missionary from Conn. ; Rev. Jeremiah Osborn was the first settled preacher, in 1803.4
NICHOLS-was formed from Tioga, March 23, 1824. It lies upon the s. bank of the Sus- quehanna, near the center of the s. boundary of the co. Its surface is mostly upland, terminating in steep declivities upon the river, and broken by the narrow valleys of small streams. The sum- mits of the hills are broad and 300 to 500 ft. above the river. Many of them are still covered with forests. The soil in the valleys is a gravelly loam and very productive ; upon the hills it is a mode- rately fertile, gravelly and clayey loam, underlaid by red sandstone. Nichols, (p. o.,) Hoopers Valley, (p. o.,) and Canfields Corners (p. o.) are hamlets upon the Susquehanna. The first settlement was made by Ebenezer Ellis, Pelatiah Pierce, Stephen Mills, and James Cole, in 1787. There are 2 churches in town; M. E. and Union.5
OWEGO6-was organized Feb. 16, 1791. Spencer was taken off in 1806. It is a large town, occupying the s. E. corner of the co. Its surface is mostly upland, separated into two distinct parts by Susquehanna River and broken by the narrow valleys of small erecks. The summits of the ridges are broad and rolling, and 300 to 500 ft. above the river. The intervale along the river in some places is an unbroken flat more than a mile in width. Owego Creek, flowing through a broad and beautiful valley, forms the w. boundary of the town N. of the Susquehanna. The other streams are Nanticoke Creek, from the N., and Apalachin Creek, from the s., and a great number of smaller brooks and creeks. The declivities bordering upon these streams are generally very steep. The soil is a deep, rich, gravelly loam in the valleys, and a less productive, gravelly loam,
1 They were followed in 1794 by Joel and Elijah Smith, Israel Mead and has son Israel .- the former two from Conn. and the latter from Vt. Families named Collins, Sheldon. Marsh, Bates, 4 The census reports 5 churches ; 3 M. E., Cong., and Presb. 5 Among those who settled later were Judge Emanuel Coryell, Isaiah Jones, - Bass, and - Emmons, in 1791; and about and Ellis were also among the early settlers. The first inn was i the same time Caleb Wright, on the site of Nichols Village, koja by Thomas Hollister; the first store by Philip Case ; and the Arst gristinill was erected by Elijah Hart. and Stephen Dodd, a short distance below. In 1793 Jonathan Platt and his son Jonathan. Col. Richard Sackett, Lewis Brown, " A Rape. 2 M. R., Prot. E .. Cung .. and Unint. and Miles Forman,-all from Westchester co ..- settled in the valley. Major John Smyth and his sons John, Gilbert, and Nathan, from Monroe co., Penn .. Benjamin Lansbury, Ziba Evans, Jonathan Hunt, Richard Sarles. Asahel Prichard, Jonathan Pettis. Joseph and John Annibal, Jaseph Morey, and Daniel Briges, were also among the pioneer settlers. The first
8 Among the settlers in 1791 were Elisha Wilson. (living upon the pace of his original settlement in 1-58, at the age of S7.) Daniel Ball. Isaac and Abram Brown. - Pean. and - Nor- ton .- all from Stockbridge, Mass., -- most of them settling in the valley of Owego Crerk. The first birth was that of Win. Ball. Miss E. Moore taught the first school: Enos Slawson kept the birth was that of Daniel Pierre, in 1787. first store and inn ; and E. Wilson built the first mill.
6 Owego, " Swift River."-Annals of Binghamton; p. 110.
652
TIOGA COUNTY.
underlaid by hardpan, on the hills. A considerable portion of the hilly regions is yet covered with forests. Manufacturcs, and commerce to a limited extent, engage the attention of the people. Owego, (p. v., ) the co. scat, was incorp. April 4, 1827. It is finely situated upon the Susque- hanna, ncar the mouth of Owego Creek.1 It is the commercial center of a large agricultural and lumbering district; and since its first settlement it has been one of the most important villages in the southern tier of counties. It contains a the Owego Academy, a female seminary, 7 ehurehcs, 2 banks, 2 newspaper offices, and several manufacturing establishments.3 A bridge 80 rods in length here crosses the Susquehanna. Pop. 3,041. Apalachin, (p. v.,) on the s. bank of the Susquehanna, 8 mi. above Owego, contains 1 church and 200 inhabitauts. Campville, (p. v.,) on the N. bank of the river, 7 mi. above Owego, contains 1 church and 20 dwellings. It is a sta- tion on the Erie R. R. Flemingville (p. o.) is a hamlet in the N. w. part of the town, on Owego Creek ; Willsboro, a p. o. on Nanticoke Crcek ; and South Owego, a p. o. near the Penn. line. Amos Draper, an Indian agent and trader, from the Wyoming Valley, crceted the first house in town, at Owego Village, in 1786, and moved in his family in 1787.4 The first re- ligious services were conducted by Rev. Seth Williston. The first religious association (Presb. ) was formed in 1810, and a church was organized in 1817; Rev. IIoratio I. Lombard was the first settled minister, in 1818. There are 13 churches in town.5
RICHFORD-was formed from Berkshire, as "Arlington," April 18, 1831. Its name was changed April 9, 1832. It is the N. E. corner town in the co. Its surface is mostly upland, broken by a few narrow valleys. It contains the highest land in the co., estimated to bc 1,400 to 1,600 ft. above tide. Its streams are the head branches of Owego Creek. Its soil is a moderately fertile, gravelly loam. About one third of the surface is yet covered with forests. Leather and lumber are manufactured to some extent. Richford, (p. v., ) s. of the center of the town, contains a church and about 60 dwellings. West Richford is a p. o. The first settlements, made at a later period than those in Berkshire, from which the town was taken, were since the com- mencement of the present century ;6 but the cxaet date could not be aseertained. There is a Presb. ehureh in town.
SPENCER-was formed from Owego, Feb. 28, 1806. Candor, Caroline, Danby, and Newfield (the last three now in Tompkins co.) were taken off Feb. 22, 1811, and Cayuta, March 20, 1824. It is the N. w. corner town of the co. Its surfaec is an upland, broken by the valleys of small streams. The N. w. portion forms the watershed between Susquehanna River and Cayuga Lake. The ridges have a general N. and s. direction. Their dcelivities are generally stcep and their summits broad and broken. Catatunk Creek, flowing E., breaks through these ridges at nearly right angles, forming a decp and narrow valley. The soil in the valleys is a gravelly loam, and upon the hills it is a hard, shaly loam. Spencer,7 (p. v., ) on Catatunk Creek, w. of the ecnter of the town, contains 3 churehcs, 2 tanneries, a flouring mill, sawmill, and 75 dwellings. The first settlement was commenced in 1795, by Benj. Drake and Joseph and John Barker.8 The first religious meeting was held by P. Spaulding, at his own house; and the first religious association (Bap.) was formed by Elder David Jayne.9
TIOGA-was formed from Union, (Broome co.,) Mareh 14, 1800. Berkshire was taken off in 1808, a part of Union in 1810, and Barton and Nichols in 1824. It lies on the Susquehanna, s. w. of the center of the co. Its surface is principally upland, terminating in bluffs along the river intervalc. The streams are Catatunk and Pipe Crecks and numerous smaller ereeks and brooks.
1 Glen Mary, for several years the residence of N. P. Willis, is situated on Owego Creek, near the w. bounds of the village. It was here that his exquisite Rural Letters were written.
2 For many years the p. o. here was one of the four distri- buting offices of the State. From this place also were shipped salt. plaster. lumber, and wheat for the Penn. and Md. markets. Sept. 7. 1849, a destructive fire occurred, burning 75 buildings. 3 The principal of these are manufactories of steam engines and boilers. machinery, castings, sash and blinds, silverware, lumber. leather. flour, and plaster.
4 John McQuigg and James McMaster, from New England, the original patentees of the half-township on which the village - of Owego stands, settled there in 1788. A clearing was made and grain sowed on an Indian improvement at Owego, in the season of 1786, by Wm. McMaster, Wm. Taylor, Robert McMaster, John Nealy, and Wm. Wood, who entered the valley from the E, by way of Otsego Lake and the Susquehanna. The first birth in town was that of Selecta, danghter of Amos Dra- per, June 19, 1788 : the first school was tanght by - Kelly, in 1792; the first store and hotel were kept at Owego, by Wm. Bates.
5 5 M. E., 2 Presb., Prot. E., Bap., Cong., Wes. Meth., R. C. and Union.
6 Among the early settlers were Evan Harris, Samnel Smith, Samuel Gleason, Nathaniel Johnson, -- Stevens, Jeremiah Campbell, Beriah Wells, Caleb and Jesse Gleason .. Ezekiel Rich, and William Dunham,-many of thetu from the adjoining town of Berkshire.
7 This village was the co. seat of Tioga co., then including Chemung, from 1812 to 1821.
8 Among the early settlers at Spencer Village were Joshua Ferris, Henry Miller, Edmund and Rodney Hobart, from Conn., Andrew Purdy. Thos. Mosher. from Westchester co. and George Fisher. The first birth was that of Deborah. danghter of Ben- jamin Drake; the first marriage, that of John B Underwood and Polly Spaulding: and the first death, that of Prescott Hobart. The first school was taught by Joseph Barker, in his own house. at Spencer Village: the first inn was kept by Andrew Purdy; the first store by Sammel Doolittle : and the first gristmill was built by Benj. Drake.
9 The census reports 3 churches in town; Cong., Bap., and M. E.
653
TIOGA COUNTY.
The soil is a fine, dark loam in the valleys and a gravelly loam upon the hills. Most of the sum- mits are still covered with forests. Tioga Center, (p. v.,) at the mouth of Pipe Creek, eon- tains a church, several mills, and 60 dwellings. It is a station on the N. Y. & Erie R. R. Smithsboro, (p. v.,) on the N. Y & E. R. R., contains 230 inhabitants. Halsey Valley (p. o.) is a hamlet, in the N. w. corner of the town, on the line of Barton. Straights Cor- ners is a p. o. on the N. border. Jenksville (p. o.) is a hamlet, near the mouth of Catatunk Creek. The first settlement was made on Pipe Creek, in 1785, by Samuel and Wm. Ransom, - Primer, and Andrew Alden, from Wyoming, Penn. Col. David Pixley, from Mass., and Abner Turner, from N. H., made the first settlement on the river, in 1791.1 There are two churches in town; M. E. and Union.
Acres of Land, Valuation, Population, Dwellings, Families, Freeholders, Schools, Live Stock, Agricultural Products, and Domestic Manufactures, of Tioga County.
ACRES OF LAND.
VALUATION OF 1858.
POPULATION.
SCHOOLS.
NAMES OF TOWNS.
Improved.
Unimproved.
Real Estate.
Personal
Property.
Total.
Males.
Females.
No. of Dwellings.
No. of Families.
Frecholders.
No. of Districts.
Children
taught.
Barton ...
16,629} 9,283
15,875₺ 9,613 27,521 16,182
145,990
3.655
149,645 728,695 337,261
1,876 533 1,997 983 945
1,966 535 1,897 962 926
744
787
624
26
1,476
Newark
13,038
7,363층
321,025
29,900
350,925
Owego
33,801₺
26,046₫
1,680,121
518,440
2,198,561
4,223
4,105
1,467
1,376
1,115
39
3,440
Richford
8,898
6,947
156,016
11,600
167,616
598
584
231
242
189
9
506
Spencer
18,445
12,367
247,830
16,925
264,755
911
894
357
379
328
12
709
Tioga ..
16,980}
16,508
548,234
21,350
569,584
1,550
1.477
571
579
369
20
1,268
Total
154,894}
138.423}|
4,815,114
799,745
5,614,859
13,616 13.346
5,049
5,107
3,926
159
10 .~ 75
Tons of Hay.
Bushels of
Potatoes.
Bushels of Apples.
Pounds
Butter.
Pounds
Cheese.
Domestic Cloths, in Yarda.
Barton
664
1,850
1,621
3,265
1.414
9,4384
102,007 ₺
4.093
9,907
14.400
167,685
1,610 .
990
Berkshire.
293
1,165
949
2.230
614
4262
34.334
2,7094
8.795
17,586
126.340
14.209
699
Candor
1,125
2,905
2.303
7,258
2,019
5,915₺
169,266
6,7584
27,519
23,581
287,692
15.996
4.275
Newark
583
1,558
1.386
3,545
907
775
51.7894
4,108
17,191
16.445
145.189
6.210 :
1.238
Nichols
384
1,372
1.026
2,776
1.202
6,127₺
83.848֏
12.116
16,896
102.185
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