USA > New York > Gazetteer of the State of New York: embracing a comprehensive view of the geography, geology, and general history of the State, and a complete history and description of every county, city, town, village, and locality, Part 1 > Part 28
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9,0.133
970,723
2.298.509
2.274 053
2.845,020
Russin and turpentine
1.219,553
1.404.210
Skins and fors ..
822.986
1.002.378
Spirite from grain
243,118
476.722
1.362.096
1.449.672
:
- Iniasses of turpentine
960.300
1,975.852
Sugars (brown).
231.879
375.062
Tallow
258.226
824.970
Tobacco (Iraf)
1.482.570
17,009.767
Wheat ... .. four
7,017,790
19.325.884
Printed books, English
Value of Articles Imported, continued.
VALUES.
ARTICLES.
Nowo York.
I. Ntutes.
Raw hides and skins.
5.629,029
9,884.358
Salt.
282.644
1.124.920
Silk, hosiery
341,528
417,168
piece goods
15.304.255
16.121.395
and worsted piece goods raw ....
240.501
242.150
manufactured, not specified.
2,032,614
3.207.043
Soda, ash
515,700
1.211,305
carb.
267,097
373.599
Spices, cassia.
323.041
356,614
mntmegs
235,168
378.257
black pepper
209,486
631.723
Spirits, brandy.
1,410,426
2,232,452
from grain
706,945
1.158.517
Sugare, brown ....
13,514,098
23,317,435
Tea and coffee from places not free by treaty ..
442 910
484.520
Tin plates.
2,040,898
4,123,208
Tobacco, cigars ... : unmaunfactured
1,078,666
1,255,831
Porcelain, earthen, and stone ware ..
1,755,011
3,215.236
Wine, sherry and St. Lucien .. .. white, not enumerated
237,710
285.125
T'en
6.414.700
6.777.295
.6 silver.
689,533
7,290.549
hosiery.
1,378,660
1,837,561
piece goods
6.719,713
7,626.830
Ground madder
477,087
643.642
manufact'd, not specified .. Tuenumerated articles.
494,915
663,373
At 4 per cent
908,789
1,367.425
At 15 per cent.
1,046,668
2,314.065
Wool
1.173.075
3.843,320
Total duty free. Paying daty ad calorem. Cial
$33,072,650
$50,319,255
521.774
772.925
Cotton, piece goods. plain ...
430,948
741,077
Linens, bleached or unbleached ... manufactured, not speci- fied ..
567.061
666,583
Iron castings * manufactures
other
1.358,779
1,800,255
702.595
1.147.773
357.084
1.207.01
1.26.514
1.259.711
Staves and heading
Liquorice poste ..... Molasses ..
1.434.165
5.451.491
9.061 504
463,067
470,023
3.042,152
3,842,968
Articles from B. A., duty free.
286,954
343.100
Hats and Imminets, straw
Gold and silver coin. .. bullion
1,705,426
1,985.223
511.276
VALUES.
1.183.788
1.249,485
115
COMMERCE.
Tonnage .- The size of registered American vessels engaged in foreign trade has been steadily increasing, and has more than doubled within twenty years. Steam vessels were first enrolled in 1823 and first registered in 1830. They now form 12 to 15 per cent. of the total amount of tonnage.1
Steamboats applying for registry, enrolment, or license must be inspected under the direc- tion of a Board of Supervising Inspectors. The United States is divided into 9 Supervising Dis- tricts, the 2d of which includes the seaboard and the 9th the lakes of New York. Steamboats arc required to be well guarded against fire, to have suitable pumps worked by hand aud by steam, at least two boats, and large steamers more, in proportion to their tonnage, (except upon rivers, ) oue life preserver to every passenger, and a certain number of floats, and fire buckets and axes. Their boilers, engines, and hull must be examined and approved by inspectors appointed by the Col- lector, the Supervising Inspector for the district, and the Judge of the U. S. District Court; and every requirement of the law must be found complied with. Pilots and engineers on steamers must be examined and licensed by the Inspectors. The present steamboat law was passed Aug. 30, 1852.2
The Coasting Trade of the United States is entirely restricted to American vessels, and the share belonging to New York is very great; but from the want of official returns it caunot be definitely ascertained. Unless carrying distilled spirits or foreign goods, these vessels are not re- quired to report their entrance and clearance; and, as they oftener leave than arrive with these articles, the number of clearances reported is disproportionately high.3
1 Arcrage tonnage of vessels at different periods arriving at New York.
YRS.
American.
Foreign.
YRS.
American.
Foreign.
1835
245
193
1850
427
338
1840
280
253
1855
527
223
1845
319
267
1858
530
452
Vessels built in New York for 1858.
CLASS.
DISTRICTS.
Tonnage.
Sag Harbor.
...
10
2
4
536.58 6,093.75
New York
7
84
141
26.74
Cape Vincent
...
...
...
2
2
10
1,990.79
Niagara.
3
3
601.05
Buffalo Creek
1
10
14
39
7,215.77
Dunkirk
...
1
1
...
2
252.26
Amount of registered and enrolled steam tonnage of U. S. at different periods.
YEARS.
Registered.
Enrolled.
Total.
1.825
23.061
23.061
1×50
1.419
63.053
64.472
1×35
310
122.474
122.814
4.155
319.527
202.339
1845
6.402
481.005
525,947
1850
44.942
655.240
770.947
1955
115.045
651,363
970,890
1
Vessels built in the U. S. at different periods.
CLASSES OF VESSELS.
YEARS.
Ships and barques.
136
226
GS1
274
1.315
154.624.30
1520
21
60
301
152
524
47.744.01
1\25
197
535
719
35
Q94
114.997.25
25
50
403
116
637
55.004.24
155
25
50
301
100
30
505
46.234.52
1:40
109
378
224
1
143
1.038
142.018.02
1850
247
117
547
290
150
1.36)
272.218.54
1455
381
126
605
.031
543.450,04
1858
122
46
431
Sloops and
canal bouts.
Steamers.
Number of
Tonnage:
Tonnage of Vessels engaged in the Coasting Trodde, June 30, 185S. District.
Tomanage.
Sag Harbor.
7.057.94
New York
580,457.32
Champlain.
¥58.02
11.866.00
Capr Vinrent.
1.312.16
Fackets Harbor.
1.321.22
Kirmeser.
3.704.31
Viagara.
1.272.31
Buffalo Creek
73.475.80
1645
124
S7
322
342
Dunkirk
5.383.50
Total in N. Y.
733,192.62
242.286.69
2 Statistics of Steamers for 1858.
NINTH DISTRICT.
SECOND DIST. N. Y.
Buffalo.
Oswego.
Burlington.
No. of steamers in- spected and proved .. ap-
124
47
8
S
839
Tonnage of steamers inspected.
79,065
38,314
5,465
3,565
325.262
Pilots originally li- censed within the year.
21
40
364
Pilots whose licenses were renewed.
104
87
21
13
1,540
Engineers and assist- ants originally li- censed within the year
90
35
435
Engineers and assist- ants whose licenses were renewed ..
302
87
19
13
1,809
Lives lost from acci- dents during the year.
2
26
5
126
S Statistics of the Coasting Trade of the Port of New York.
ENTERED.
CLEARED.
YEARS.
Vessels.
Tons.
Vessels.
Tons.
1849
1.555
424.976
3.99₺
$95,589
1550
1.528
489,3952
4 .. 19
1,020.070
1:51
1.768
455.512
4.803
1.214.942
1552
1.766
497.840
4.680
1.173,762
1$53
1.733
507.531
4.789
1,310,097
1534
1.880
543.452
4,779
1.499.969
1×35
1.966
614,045
4.563
1.378.888
1856
1.669
539,461
4,696
1,482.310
...
3
3
408.78
Op wegatchie
...
...
...
Sloups and
canal boats.
Steamers.
Total number of vessels.
Ships and
barques.
Brigs.
Schooners.
...
1
1
...
1858
78.027
Brigs.
Schooners.
ers:els.
1515
46.420.19
Total in U. S
2.361.595.72
1,227
118,309.23
TOTAL. U. S.
116
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
The affairs of eommeree relating to police, sanitary, and municipal regulations are governed by the laws of the State, and their eare is intrusted to officers appointed uuder its authority. These officers are divided into several classes, each of which has charge of a particular department.
1. The Board of Commissioners of Pilots consists of 5 persons,-3 elected for 2 years by the Chamber of Commerce, and 2 for a like term by the presidents aud vice-presidents of the marine insurance companies of N. Y., composing or representing the Board of Underwriters in that city. This Board appoints a sceretary, has an office, meets onee a mouth or oftener, and licenses, for such term as it may think proper, as many pilots as may be deemed necessary for the port of New York.1
2. The Board of Health of New York is composed of the Mayor and Common Council of the city.2
3. The Commissioners of Health are composed of the President of the Board of Aldermen, the Health Offieer, the Resident Physician, the Health Commissioner, and the City Inspector.
4. The Health Officer, appointed by the Governor and Senate, is required to board every vessel subjeet to quarantine or visitation, upon its arrival, to ascertain whether infectious diseases are present, and to obtain, in such case, the facts ueeessary to determine the period that such vessel must be detained.3
5. The Resident Physician for the city and county of New York is appointed by the Governor and Senate. IIe is required to visit all sick persons reported to the Board of Ilealth, or to the Mayor and Commissioners of Health, and to perform such other professional duties as the Board may require.
6. The Health Commissioner, appointed in like manner, is required to assist the Resident Physician.4
7. The Quarantine Hospital is located in the town of Castleton, in Richmond co .; and vessels detained on account of infectious diseases are anchored in the adjacent waters, or, in sickly seasons, in the lower bay.5
8. Harbor Masters are appointed by the Governor and Senate, for the purpose of assign- ing piers and other stations for landing and receiving cargocs.6
9. The Port Wardens of the Port of New York are appointed by the Governor and Senate, for the purpose of inspecting vessels and the stowage of cargoes and of estimating all damages to the same. They consist of a Board of 9 members, one of whom must reside in Brook- Enrolled Tonnoge of the U. S. engaged in the Coasting Trade for | upon steamboats are licensed by inspectors appointed under the different periods.
Years.
Tonnage.
Years.
Tonnage.
Years.
Tonnage.
1815
435.066.97 539,080.46
1820
1825 1830
587,273.07 516,978.18
1835 1840 1845
792,301.20 1,176,694.46 1,190,898.27
IS50 1855 1858
1,730,410.84 2,491,108.00 2,361.595.72
In June, 1858, there were, of small vessels under 20 tons licensed for the coasting trade, 189.21 tons at Sag Harbor and 71.25 tons at Greenport.
1 The licenses thus granted may express different degrees of qualification, appropriate to different branches of duty, and may be revoked at pleasure. Candidates must sustain a satisfactory examination and be found of good character and temperate habits. They must also give bonds for the faithful discharge of their duties. The board has power to regulate pilotage; and the fons of pilots are fixed by law. The masters of vessels of under 3010 tons, owned by a citizen of the U. S. and licensed in the coasting trade, need not employ a pilot unless they prefer. If the master of a vessel of from 150 to 300 tons, owned and licensed as above, be desirous of piloting his own vrasel, he may obtain a license from the Commissioners of Pilots for such purpose. All masters of foreign vessels and vessels from a foreign port, and all vessels sailing under register by way of Sandy Hook, are required to take a licensed pilot, or, if they re- fuse, they minst pay the pilotage to the pilot first offering his services. Pilots licensed by other States have no privileges in this. Candidates for recommendation as Hellgate pilots must have served an apprenticeship of 3 years, and until they attain the age of 21 years, must have served 2 years after as deputy piloty and sustained repeated examinations before the Board of Wardens in the presence of at least 2 Hellgate pilots.
The first act regulating the pilotage of New York was passed in 1731; and since that period this service has been conducted wider rules and penalties established by the Colony or State of Yrw York. All special laws concerning pilotage by the way of Sandy Ilook were repealed in 1845. The present law was "nyeted in 1853 and amended in 1834-57. . The pilots belonging : thereof annually to the Governor.
Treasury Department of the U. S. Those employed in conduct- ing vessels by way of Sandy Hook are licensed by the Board of Commissioners of Pilots; and those by way of Hellgate, by the Governor and Senate, upon recommendation of the Board of Wardeus.
2 Boards of Health are by law created in every city, incor- porated village, and towu, under an act of 1850; but the greater number of these have never arted officially. In towns the Enpervisor and Justices of the Peace are a Board of Health, and may appoint a physician as health officer .- Revised Statutes, 5th Edition, 1I, p. 53.
3 T'he llealth Officer resides at quarantine, has general direc- tion of the location of vessels detained, their purification, and the discharge of their cargoes. and other duties connected with the health of vessels in quarantine. Ile is paid by fees, and re- ports to the Mayor or Commissioners of Health.
4 This officer receives all moneys applied to the Marine Hos- pital, and pays all demands against the same that shall have been approved by a majority of the Commissioners of Health. He reports his accounts monthly to the Board of Health, gives a bond of $20,000 for the faithful discharge of his duties, and re- ceives a salary of $3,500, to be paid by the Commissioners of Emigration. The Board of Health may from time to time ap- point as many visiting, hospital, and consulting physicians as may be deemed proper, nud may also fix their duties and cont- pensation.
5 The Hospital buildings, destroyed Sept. 1-2, 1858, (see page 565.) have been temporarily rebuilt.
The removal of quarantine to some place less dangerous to the public health has been fully shown to be necessary ; but the final disposition of the important question as to whither, is not settled. The only available place for the construction of build1- ings seem to be upon some of the shoals in the lower bay. old Orchard Shoal, on which the water is from 1 to 3 fathoms drer at mean low tide, has been proposed for this purpose. The Fast Bank and Dry Romer Shoals have abont the same depth, but are more exposed to the open sea.
6 There are 9 Harbor Masters in New York, 2 in Brooklyn, and 1 in Albany. They enforce the regulations of the city authorities relative to clearing docks and preventing nuisances or obstructions. They are paid by lees and report the amount
117
COMMERCE.
lyn, and 3 must be nautical men. They choose one of their number President, appoint a Secretary, use a scal, and keep an office. They are exclusive surveyors of vessels damaged or wrecked, or arriving in distress, and, when called upon, judge of the fitness of vessels to depart upon voyages. They are also, upon application, required to estimate the value or measurement of vessels when the same is in dispute or libeled ; and they may examine goods in warehouses that have been damaged on shipboard. The Board, or some member thereof, must attend all sales of vessels or their eargoes condemned and in a damaged state ; and such sales by auction must be made under the dircetion and by order of the Wardens, and are exempt from auction duties.1
The Commissioners of IIealth are authorized to collect of the masters of every vessel entering the port of New York a certain tax, for the benefit of the Health Office.2
The Board of Commissioners of Emigration, consisting of the Mayors of New York and Brooklyn, the Presidents of the German Society and Irish Emigrant Society, and 6 Com- missioners appointed by the Governor and Senate, have charge of the interests of immigrants when they first arrive at New York.3
The Marine Court of the City of New York has jurisdiction in civil cases arising betwecu persons engaged in maritime affairs, where the sum in dispute does not exceed $500.4
Canadian Trade .- The revenues collected on the Canada frontier, in some periods, have fallen short of the cost of collecting them. The Reciprocity Treaty of 1854 admits the greater part of articles the produce of the U. S. and B. A. into each country respectively free of duty.5
1 The Wardens are paid by fees and percentages upon sales. Special Wardens are appointed to reside at quarantine. They report to the Board of Wardens of N. Y., and have jurisdiction as wardens over vessels detained in quarantine. The Board of Port Wardens reports annually to the Comptroller a state- ment of its receipts and expenses, with an affidavit of each member and of the Secretary that they have not received directly or indirectly any moneys except their legal fees.
2 Under an act passed in March, 1801. the amount of this tax was fixed at $1.50 for every cabin and 75 cts. for every steerage passenger, mate, and mariner. In 1813 the tax was fixed at $1.50 for every captain and cabin passenger; $1.00 for every strerage passenger aml mariner of foreign vessels; and 25 cts. for master. mate, and sailor of every coasting vessel. The money's thus paid, after supporting the Marine Hospital at Qnar- antine and contingencies and yielding $9,000 annually to the Society for the Reform of Juvenile Delinquents, was invested by the Comptroller as the " Marine Fund." In 1531 the Board of Trustees of the Seamen's Fund and Retreat was created. under whose direction the present establishment known as the " Sea- men's Retreat," on Staten Island. more particularly described on page 566, has since been managed. Of the 44,932 admitted up to Jan. 1. 1559, 80 per cent. were discharged cured. 8₺ per cent. were relieved, 3 per cent. were discharged by request, and #2 per cent. died.
3 The master of every vessel bringing passengers from foreign countries must give a bond of $300, conditioned that such per- sons shall not become chargeable for support within 5 years. They may commute this bond by paying $2 upon each passenger, of which sum } is set apart for the counties other than N. Y. toward the support of emigrants in the several counties. For every lunatic, idiot, deaf and dumb, blind, maimed, or infirin person, and every widow with children, or person over 60 years of age, and liable to become a public charge, a bond of $500 is regnired.
The Commissioners of Emigration have a large establish- ment on Wards Island for the support of the sick, infirm. and destitute, and have leased Castle Garden as a general land- ing place. Emigrants may bere purchase tickets for any part of the Union, and procure such article's as they may stand in need of, withont encountering the horde of faithless agents and mercenary runners that formerly proved the scourge of innnigra. tion and the disgrace of the city. The Marine Hospitid at
Quarantine was placed under these Commissioners in 1847. See pages 116, 127, 555.
4 These actions may be for compensation for the performance. or damages for the violation, of a contract for services on board a vessel during a voyage performed in whole or in part, or in- tended to be performed, by the vessel ; or for assault and battery. false imprisonment, or other injury committed on board a ver- sel upon the high seas, and not coming within the jurisdiction of the U. S. District Courts. The Marine Court is held daily. except on Sundays and holidays; and its Justices, three in num- ber, are elected for a term of 4 years, and enter upon their duties on the second Tuesday of May after their election. Then Clerk isappointed by the Supervisors, and their salary is fixed by the Common Council and cannot be increased during then term of office.
The State Government, Indore the adoption of the Federal Constitution, had instituted a court of Admiralty: but in 1789 it surrendered these powers to the General Government, and they have since been exercised by the District Court of the U. S Snits for salvage, and other questions arising in the sale of wrecked property. are decided in this court.
The Governor appoints 15 Wreck Masters in Suffolk. 12 in Queens. 3 in Kings, 2 in Richmond, aml 2 in Westchester cos. These officers have, with coroners and sheriffs, the custody of wrecks and property cast ashore by the sea. Such property belongs to the owners, and may be recovered by paying reason- able salvage and in due course of law.
5 Imports from Canada duty free for the year ending June 30,
1858.
District.
Valuc.
Champlain.
SI.499.819
Oswegatchie
934.708
Cape Vincent.
1,210.351
Fackets Harbor.
2.892
Oswego.
1,859.798
263.574
Niagara.
786.070
Buffalo Creek
1.336,820
New York
624.060
Total in New York
7.918,092
Total in United States
14,752,255
Statistics of the several Collection Districts upon the Canada Frontier for different periods.
1$30 to 1>48, (19 years.)
1848 to 1851, (3 years.)
1851 to 1854, (3 years.)
COLLECTION DISTRICT.
Gross Revenue.
Expenses of Collection.
Gross Revenue.
Expenses of Collection.
Gruss Revenue.
Expenses of Collection.
Champlain.
$192 877.50
STROJEN NA
$1:3,326.68
£22.906.22
85.201.56
$32.262 44
fl-wwwatchie.
03.201.54
11 :71.47
42,802.11
16.002.22
28.754.11
21.44480
Cape Vincent.
21.649.99
22.410.78
14.242.54
84.577.74
22.935.52
Fackets Harbor.
1: 193.14
108.19254
16.60354
27.000,95
21.204.23
22.164 25
Oswego.
201.759.94
157.614.67
273.173.92
28,210.43
389.711.03
48.211.98
Genesee.
1:3.019,07
$0.954 47
45.324.00
12 368. 17
29.430.52
21,860.28
Niagara.
5.1.727.07
117.918: 52
41.076 44
21.277.69
74 /41.59
25.618.04
Ruffaby
1.0.457.80
14 .749.03
49.601.19
263.222;
49.473.84
118
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
As the only avenue to the sea which Canada possesses is elosed by ice during about five months in the year, the foreign trade of that country in winter must seek other avenues; and, from the acknowledged superiority of New York as a commercial point, a large part of the trade is through that port. Over half the vessels that arrive in Quebee come in ballast; while none leave port without cargoes of timber or other commodities of the country. This renders the outward freights disproportionately high ; and, although vessels may load in the upper lakes and pass without tran- shipment down the St. Lawrence, the difference of ocean freights makes it cheaper to send by the eanals to New York.
The number of vessels and amount of tonnage employed upon the great lakes have been rapidly inereasing for the last 10 years. In the several collection districts of this State, the ratio of inerease has been much greater in ports where railroads terminate.1
1 Arrivals and Tonnage of the several Districts bordering upon Canada during a series of nine years.
1850.
1851.
1852.
1853.
1854.
DISTRICT.
Vessels.
Tons.
T'essels.
Tons.
T'essels.
Tons.
Vessels.
Tons.
Tessels.
Tons.
Champdain
689
107.957
630
89,842
340
22,538
563
31.836
585
57,721
Oswegatchie ..
380
196,915
536
250,492
798
341,188
1,001
701,560
482
273,272
Cape Vincent ..
281
156,351
318
208.186
197
95.548
959
451.587
1,034
471,577
Sackets Harbor.
279
153.169
230
166.748
218
145.169
139
87.758
77
54.670
Oswego.
1,657
195,793
1.599
216,444
1,731
234.625
2.243
274.307
593
65.213
Genesec.
215
40.077
232
46,924
264
38,903
205
53.660
285
51.571
Niagara.
981
173,286
624
220,528
691
213.613
696
219.241
584
236,051
Buffalo Creek
7:22
108,337
654
96.290
759
106,464
1.037
149,350
792
137,058
Dunkirk
1855.
1836.
1857.
185S.
DISTRICT.
Vessels.
Tons.
Tessels.
Tons.
Vessels.
Tons.
Vessels.
Tons.
Champlain.
397
25,129
852
54.367
1.053
74.710
1.100
78.256
Oswegatchie.
500
249,909
636
320.834
litt
320.505
398
170.667
Cape Vincent.
1,278
557.840
1,240
749,787
1.128
661.025
1,018
565.498
Sackets Harbor
209
125,496
193
135.442
174
123,685
110
80.417
Oswego
1,517
166.641
1,866
311.657
1.815
263.007
1,543
193,591
Genesce ..
286
85,063
338
109.881
363
116.411
208
57.330
Niagara ..
536
209,646
563
166,893
671
238,019
616
254,195
Buffalo Creek
816
152,540
1,002
166,020
837
118.377
1,153
448.786
Dunkirk
2
470
3
300
G
1.1×0
Commerce of Canada with the United States since 1850, as shown by the Canadian Official Reports.
Conunerce of United States with Canada for a series of years, as shown by the U. S. Official Reports.
EXPORTS.
YEARS.
Value of Exports from ! Cunada.
Value of Imports into Cunada.
YEARS.
IMPORTS.
Foreign.
Domestic.
Total.
In 1850
$4,951.159.58
$0,594.860.49
1852
83.853.919
$6.655.097
$10.509,016
$6.110.299
1553
6.736.555
7,404.087
13.140.642
7.550.718
1854
9.362.716 1
15,204 144
24,566,860
8.927.560
" 1854
10.418,880.69
15.533.097.94
15.75
11.999,378
16.806,642
27.806.020 !!
15.136.734
" 1855
20.002.290,95
20.825.432.44
1856
41.314.652 |
22.714.697
29.029.349
21.310.421
" 1856
20.218.652.66
22.704.509.05
1657
4.526,569
19.986.113
24.202.482
22.124.296
" 1857
13.206.4536.10
20,224.650.97
1558
4.012.768
19,635.959
_1,651.727 !
15.806.519
Arrivals and Clearances for the several Collection Districts for 1858.
NUMBER OF VESSELS.
TONNAGE.
ENTERED.
CLEARED.
ENTERED.
CLEARED.
DISTRICT.
American.
Foreign.
American.
Foreign.
American.
Foreign.
American.
Foreign.
Champlain
623
477
623
477
44.590
33.606
44.590
Osweratchie ...
150
24S
153
248
# 119.849
51.018
131.727
51.015
Cape Vincent
439
579
434
570
356.972
19%.436
354,943
195.4:3
Sackers Harbor.
110
1.133
352
1.129
60.367
151.324
60.993
132.055
Genesee ...
31
177
17%
3.207
54.123
3,602
52.526
Niagara .
128
104
4-8
101.817
152.378
77.440
152.318
Buffalo Creek
6×0
473
721
450
369.433
79.353
375.432
77.449
Dunkirk
1
5
2
3
1.100
117
1.000
" 1851
4.071.544.65
8.365.765.25
" 1852 " 1853
6.284.521.75
8.457.693.27
10.725.455.15
11.782.147.40
106
80.417
75.191
Oswego ...
410
The above indicates but a part of the commerce of these die ' not entered upon the custom house books is much larger in tricts. It is probable that the amount of consting trade which is | cach district than that here given.
--
119
COMMERCE.
The canals and rail roads of Canada terminating upon our frontiers are intimately connected with the commercial prosperity of this State; and a notice of their exteut and capacity is necessary to a full understanding of our commercial possibilities.1
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