USA > New York > Gazetteer of the State of New York: embracing a comprehensive view of the geography, geology, and general history of the State, and a complete history and description of every county, city, town, village, and locality, Part 1 > Part 47
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195
CATTARAUGUS COUNTY.
and gravelly loam. A sulphur spring is found } mi. N. of East Randolph. Randolph, (p.v.,) on Little Connewango Creek, in the N. part, contains a sawmill, 3 churches, and about 600 inhabit- ants; East Randolph, (p. v.,) in the N. E. corner contains 2 churchies, a grist and saw mill, a furnace, machine shop, tannery, and about 700 inhabitants. Randolph Academy is situated upon an eminenee about midway between the villages. The first settlement in town was made at Randolph Village, by Edmund Fuller, from Oneida co., in 1820.1 The first church (M. E.) was organized in 1823.2
SOUTHI VALLEY-was formed from Randolph and Cold Spring, April 2, 1847. A part of Cold Spring was annexed in 1848. It is the s. w. corner town of the eo. The surface is mountainous and broken. Allegany River flows s. w. through the town and receives as tributaries Split Rock, Hotchkiss, Tunessassa, Pierce, Sawmill, and Bone Run Creeks. The soil is a clay loam on the hills, and a rich, gravelly loam in the valleys. Lumbering is the principal occupation of the people.8 Onoville is a p. o. The first settlement was made, under the auspices of tlie Friend's Mission, upon the Allegany Indian Reservation. The Mission was established in 1798, by the Yearly Meeting of Philadelphia Friends ; and Joel Swayne, Holliday Jackson, and Chester Simmons, from Chester co., Penn., settled upon the Reservation, in the N. part of the town.‘ It does not appear that any other religious association has ever been formed in the town. The Presb. missions on the Reservation, however, have an extensive range in the valley of the Allegany.
YORKSHIRE-was formed from Franklinville, April 13, 1820. Machias was taken off in 1827. A part of Freedom was annexed in 1844, and a part of Machias was taken off in 1847. It lies upon the N. border of the co., E. of the center. Its surface is a rolling and hilly upland. Cattaraugus Creek forms the N. boundary. South Branch flows through near the eenter and receives several tributaries. The soil is a clay and gravelly loam. A large amount of maple sugar is annually produced. Yorkshire Corners, (Yorkshire p. o.,) on Cattaraugus Creek, contains 38 dwellings. Yorkshire Center, (p. v., ) a little E. of the center, contains 2 churches, 2 sawmills, a gristmill, and 42 dwellings. West Yorkshire, (p. v.,) on the N. line, at the junction of the South Branch with Cattaraugus Creek, contains a gristmill, sawmill, earding machine, and 14 dwellings. The first settlement was made in 1810, on Lot 1, in the N. E. corner, by Abner Bomp, from Vt.5 The first church (M. E.) was formed about 1814.6
1 The first child born was James Fuller, in June, 1822; and | delphin purchased 300 acres of land of the Holland Land Com- the first death was that of Zalnon C. Smith, June 17. 1824, while pany and built A saw and grist mill. The mills did work for white settlers on the newal terms, and furnished lumber and ground corn for the Indians free. The Indians were also in- structed in agriculture and the arts of civilized life. The mills were built by Jacob Taylor and Jonathan Thomas, Robert Clendenon, from Chester co., Penn., occupied the Mission Station in 1812. It is said that descendants of Sir Wm. Johnson are now residing on the Allegany Reservation. at work on mills of Chauncey C. Helms. The double marriage of David Salisbury and Clement Russell with danghters of Thos. Harvey, at the same time, were the first in town. The first school was taught by Sally Morton. at Randolph Village. in the summer of 1822. Benj. Clark kept the first inn, in 1823, and Robert Helms the first store. in 1837. Thos. Ilarvey erected the first sawmill, in 1823 : Chauncey C. Ilelmis, the first grist- mill, in 1826; and Jonathan Wood, the first carding aud cloth dressing mill, in 1827.
2 There are 5 churches in town; M. E., Bap., F. W. Bap., Cong., and R. C.
3 The extensive pine forests which grew in town are nearly exhausted; and the lumbering is now mostly confined to the coarser kinds of lumber. The town has an area of 37,749 acres, of which only about 2,000 acres are under improvement.
$ Soon after the first settlement the Yearly Meeting at Phila-
5 Benj. and Win. Felch. Edward Bomp, Thos. Dow, and Luther Thompson were among the first settlers. SamI. G. Sutton and Robert Steel, from N. II., settled in 1818. and are now the oldest residente in town. The first store was kept by Henry L. Baker, in 1823. and the first inn by Prescott Williams, in 1826,-both at Yorkshire Corners. Isaac Williams erected the first grist and saw mill. in 1814. on Cattaraugus Creek.
6 There are now 3 churches in town; M. E., Bap,, and Univ.
196
CATTARAUGUS COUNTY.
Acres of Land, Valuation, Population, Dwellings, Families, Frecholders, Schools, Live Stock, Agricultural Products, and Domestic Manufactures, of Cattaraugus County.
ACRES OF LAND.
VALUATION OF 1858.
POPULATION.
No. of Dwellings.
No. of Families.
Freeholders.
Districts.
Children
taught.
Ailagany ....
4,098+
40,677
$198,096
$750
$198,846
820
763 947
297
303
228
9
689
Ashford
12,138}
16,423
280,728
1,270
281,998
966
359
389
337
13
724
Bucktooth
794
4,617
90,065
9,400
99,465
244
209
84
69
38
4
244
Carrolton
1,096}
22,809}
81.500
600
82,100
256
255
81
89
59
3
102
Cold Spring.
2.319
15.497
94,495
250
94,745
351
313
110
119
80
4
266
Connewango.
10,954
9,512}
175,719
13,000
188,719
674
671
267 217
226
157
8
513
East Otto
10,753}
11,619
202.064
13.480
215,544
604
624
227
242
227
6
400
KIlicott ville.
9,384%
17.722}
251,493
67,700
319,193
921
917
350
343
152
9
760
Farmersville ..
19,575₺
13,4564
264,458
36,250
300,708
761
682
265
267
244
11
565
Franklinville.
13,972
17,401
270,898
36,450
307,348
845
841
316
334
348
11
725
Freedom.
15,8741
9,398
364.350
10,500
374,850
743
700
285
300
261
12
514
Great Valley
4.5862
26,285
133,284
6,200
139,484
608
590
224
236
183
7
543
llinsdale.
7.7621
15,232
1883342
13,650
201.992
1,099
1,030
409
434
229
8 592
Humphrey
10,3784
6,348
183,080
4,000
187,080
395
364
147
151
130
7
382
Ischua
7,394
12.5661
155,987
1,300
157.287
585
518
204
204
167
8
355
Incon.
11,740
9.225}
258,499
14,457
272,956
682
648
261
264
283
11
516
Little Valley.
5,0731
13.213}
115,015
5.050
120,065
417
384
158
160
142
6
354
Lyndon
10,2894
9.627
166.190
6,550
172,740
593
530
225
220
220
9
424
Machias.
10,683
9,6041
202,767
17,070
219,837
669
697
256
226
210
12
605
Mansfield
11,301}
11.267%
197.341
8,200
205,541
576
549
213
257
185
12
534
Napoli.
10,332
11,3614
240.771
11.800
252.571
589
633
229
243
231
8
456
New Albion
11,270₴
10,2722
219,823
16,952
236,775
799
763
305
310
241
8
649.
Olean ..
2,518
9,219
302,129
33,550
335,679
839
772
337
310
223
4
720
Otto.
11,049
8,4872
335,216
29,119
364,335
563
531
211
213
189
7
399
Perrysburgh
12,3327
5,5511
269,261
37,500
306,761
727
729
276
288
248
9
566
Persia.
5.483%
6,165↓
223.441
34.200
257,641
620
584
240
185
240
5
528
Portville.
3,189
18,823₴
185.637
14,700
200,337
610
554
204
213
173
7
564
Randolph
7,2061
13.2144
284.530
18,500
303,030
842
881
318
327
226
8 814
South Valley
1,7142
33.074}
128,650
5,000
133,650
322
204
92
111
72
7
332
Yorkshire.
11.059
11.361
232.619
14.275
246,894
910
818
348
338
312
11
706
Total
266.435}
432.6201
6.508.458
499,323
7,008.281
20.211 19.319
7.515
7.646
6.263
255 16.122
1.IVE STOCK.
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS.
BUSH. OF GRAIN.
DAIRY PRODUCTS.
NAMES OP TOWN8
Working
296
SS2
183
510
20.4034
1,187 4
9.327
1.586₺
31,175
1,045
518
Ashford
475
1.804
1.304
2.850
724
1,021
57.371
2.824}
14.679
9,358
113,313
144,876
2,620
Bucktooth.
35
186
94
136
49
40
3.655
2241
2,540
220
9,805
520
145
Carrolton
36
236
137
94
194
10
4.699
283
2.866
90
8,995
500
75
Cold Spring
104
286
170
573
162
15
10.107
551!
3,980
1,829
12,813
375
458
Connewango
434
2.282
1.019
1.922
732
314
49.097↓
3,086₺
10,085
9.650
107,988
14,245
879
Dayton
344
1,241
1.007
1.415
455
866
36.522
2,365}
8,591
11.641
61,016
113,814
1,708
East Otto.
331
1,203
1,510
1.381
358
323
38,908
2.556
8,453
7,657
86,099
265,000
1 427
Ellicottville
251
1,083
591
2.040
440
209
38.311}
1.569}
14.4854
2,518
44.845
22,195
417
Farmersville.
621
2.665
1,774
4.360
695
686
66,400
4,758
18,700
11,244
161,745
151,539
2,050
Franklinville
477
2,103
999
4.303
667
1,761
66.4343
3,567
18,021
6,235
77,870
78,710
693
Freedom.
535
1.749
1,604
3.272
615
55.6721
3,857¿
13.219
7,356
152.942
37,890
2.186
Great Valley.
220
630
395
1.259
347
206
20.562
1.138}
10.015
1,730
34,957
240
631
llinsdale ..
366
1.043
624
2.829
576
857
57.502}
2.041
10.393
5.665
58,200
10,640
426
Humphrey
203
422
1.822
269
216:
30.189
1.387₺
8,635
1.800
35,464
9,900
797
Ischua.
306
1,277
542
2.603
486
1.724/
45.342
1,903
8,078
5,488
44,640
5,870
1.334
Icon
369
1,450
1,021
2.314
695
1,346
42.7504
3,140₺
10.961
16.060
69.314
114,475
2,3491
Little Valley.
166
668
238
698
215
205
11.5462
1.030
6,421
2.397
38.635
9,310
263
Lyndon.
356
1.350
826
4.063
501
909
40.480}
2,502
13,055
3.647
77,700
46,370
949
Machias.
3.80
1.325
840
3,446
531
641
55.932
1,749
12.351
3.183
75,694
10,644
1,685
Mansfield
312
1,190
954
2.560
421
290
47.514}
2.009}
11.013
6.269
72.703
199,500 1,217
Napoli
402
1,225
790
2.155
135
55.350号
2.486
12,068
11.377
01,775
5,550
1,232;
New Albion
393
1,557
1,079
2.558
561
48.5554
2.643
11,840
4,743
90,458
77,166
1,954
Olean ..
155
249
286
229
326
364
12.690
634
3,905
1,426
5,310
560
128
Otto ...
335
1,167
1.229
1.410
452
890g
41.776
2,540
6,6862
9.186
77,823
208,476
1,945
Perrysburgh.
425
1,465
1,215
2.437
713
4.279
39.334
3.4301
10,334
9,718
91,875
128,994!
2,047
Persia
240
825
658
760
324
3,777
25.679
1,460
7,202
5,260
42,666
38,666
Portville.
193
336
323
854
354|
1783
16,561
789
9.474
3,069
27,983
2,895
Randolph
434
1,139
1.253
576
318
28.129
1,9614
7.479
6,200
49.090
4,615
1,332
South Valley
88
314
171
486
136
354
4.859
613}
2.370
800
15,365
239
Yorkshire.
400
1,329
868
2,703
515
1.088
46.645}
2,1932
13,019
9.781
88,925
12,904
2,034
Total
0,497 34,756 23,633 59.725 13,834 24,094}
1.118,9792 62,5462 300,2452 177,173} 1,957,183 1.717,484 35,072}
12 Colos.
Sheep.
Swine.
Winter.
Spring.
Tons of Hay.
Bushels of
Potatoes.
Bushels of
Pounds
Butter.
Pounds
of
Cheese.
Domestic Cloths, in Fards.
Horses.
1 O.ren and
Calves.
Allegany.
121
SCHOOLS.
NAMES OF TOWN8.
Improved.
Unimproved.
Real Estate.
Personal
Property.
Total.
Males.
Females.
275
228
11
491
Dayton.
10,108}
.12,5874
212.510
17,600
230,110
581
558
No. of
7471 5861
488
606
Apples.
CAYUGA COUNTY.
THIS county was formed from Onondaga, March 8, 1799. Seneca G A was taken off in 1804, and a part of Tompkins in 1817. It is a long, narrow eo., lying w. of the center of the State, and extending fromn Lake Ontario s. to near the head of Cayuga Lake. It is centrally distant 146 mi. from Albany, and contains 756 square mi.1 It has a general northerly inclination, and is divided geographically into SEAL two nearly equal parts by a line extending eastward from the foot S of Cayuga Lake. The N. half is level, or gently undulating, and contains numerous marshes. Some portions of its surface aro covered with small, isolated drift-hills 50 to 75 ft. high. The surface of the s. half is rolling, and gradually rises until it attains an elevation of 500 to 800 ft. above the level lands of the N. These highlands are divided into two general ridges, the first lying between Skaneateles and Owaseo Lakes, and the second between Owaseo and Cayuga Lakes. The summits of both ridges are rolling, and have an elevation of 1000 to 1200 ft. above tide. Their E. deelivities are often precipitous, forming high, bold bluffs upon the shores of the lakes, but their w. declivities are more gradual, generally sloping gently down to the very edge of the waters. The s. part of the w. ridge is divided near its center by the valley of Salmon Creek, which is bordered by steep banks 50 to 200 ft. high. Among the most peculiar of the natural features of the eo. are the three long, narrow lakes which extend from the level regions of the N. between the parallel ridges far into the highlands of the s. Skaneateles Lake, upon the E. line, is 840 ft. above tide, and is bordered by bluff shores within the limits of the eo. Owasco Lake, near the center, is 770 ft. above tide, and its shores are generally bold, and in some places pro- cipitous. Cayuga Lake, on the western border, is 387 ft. above tide, and along nearly its whole extent in the co. the land slopes beautifully and evenly upward from its surface to the summits of the ridges. The water of these lakes is clear and transparent, and may be taken as the very type of purity. This lake region, with its beautifully rolling surface and rich and productive soil, with its green lawns apparently stretching upward from the very bosom of the water, and with its highly cultivated farms, presents one of the finest landscapes in the country. Seneca River flows eastward through near the center of the lowlands which form the N. half of the eo. It receives Cayuga and Owaseo Outlets from the s. and numerous smaller streams from both the N. and s. A swampy region, known as the Montezuma Marshes, extends along the whole course of the river.2 The streams that drain the central ridges are small ereeks and brooks. Upon the level land in the N. part of the co. are a series of small, shallow lakes and ponds, the principal of whichi is Cross Lake.
The rocks in this eo. generally lie in nearly horizontal layers, but in some places they are disrupted and broken. Their edges appear one above the other, forming the deelivities of the hills that rise toward the s. The lowest formation is the Medina sandstone, which outcrops upon the shore of Lake Ontario and covers the N. half of Sterling. Above this successively appear the Oneida, conglomerate, and Clinton groups in the s. part of Sterling; the Loekport group in Vietory ; the red shale of the Onondaga salt group in Cato, Brutus, Conquest, and Mentz ; the gypsum of the same group in Auburn, Aurelius, and Springport, and for a distance of 10 miles along Cayuga Lake ; the waterlime and Oriskany sandstone in Owaseo, Auburn, Fleming, and Springport; and, successively above the Onondaga and corniferous limestone, the Marcellus and Hamilton shales, Tully limestone, Genesee slate, and the Portage and Ithaea groups, the last occupying the summits of the southern hills. Weak springs of brine are found in the Medina sandstone upon the borders of Lake Ontario, and also in the red shale of the salt group along the course of Seneca River. In the central part of the co., and along the shores of Cayuga Lake, are numerous quarries, which furnish a good quality of waterlime, quieklime, and gypsum. The red sandstone and the Onondaga and corniferous limestone are quarried extensively for building stone. Thin layers of corniferous limestone and of sandstone are extensively quarried along Cayuga Lake, and make an excellent quality of flagging.
The soil in the N. half of the co. is generally a fine quality of sandy or gravelly loam, inter-
1 Exclusive of 160 sq. mi. in Lake Ontario.
marshes, and large sums have been expended. A portion only, 2 Several efforts have been made by the State to drain these | however, has yet been redeemed.
197
198
CAYUGA COUNTY.
mixed with clay, muck, and alluvium; and in the s. it is a gravelly and clay loam and very pro- ductive. The whole co. is well adapted to either grain raising or pasturage. Until within a few years wheat has been the staple production; but it has been nearly superseded by rye, oats, barley, and corn. Wool growing and dairying are also extensively pursued. The cultivation of fruit, for which the climate and soil are admirably adapted, is beginning to receive considerable attention. The manufactures of the co., mostly confined to Auburn, are extensive, though comparatively less than in 1810.1
The county seat is located at the city of Auburn.2 An elegant and substantial courthouse was built in 1807-09.3 It is located upon a commanding site in the s. w. part of the city, and contains rooms for the usual co. offices. A fireproof elerk's office is situated adjacent to the courthouse. A substantial stone jail was erected in 1833, in the rear of the courthouse.' The county poorhouse is located upon a farm of 90 acres in Sennett, 3 mi. N. E. of Auburn. It is a poor, old, dilapidated building, containing about 30 rooms. The average number of inmates is about 100, supported at a weekly cost of 70 cts. each. A school is kept during a portion of the year.5 The Cayuga Orphan Asylum, located in the city of Auburn, was incorp. in April, 1852. It receives orphans and destitute children and has an average attendance of 30. The institution is well managed, and the children receive good care and instruction. The Erie Canal extends through Brutus, Mentz, and Montezuma. Cayuga Lake and Outlet are navigable, and form a connection with the canal at Montezuma. The direct branch of the N. Y. Central R. R. from Syracuse to Rochester extends through Brutus, Mentz, and Montezuma, and the Auburn branch through Sennett, Auburn, and Aurelius.6
Two daily, 7 weekly, and 3 monthly papers are published in the eo.7
1 " The number of looms in the co. were 1,360, producing 340.870 yds. of cloth annually; there are 19 tanneries, 47 dix- tilleries, 48 asheries, 11 carding machines, 11 cloth dressing- tills, 3 oil mills. an air furnace, triphammer, several nail facto- ries, 6 earthen ware factories, and several hatters' chops. About ! 2.500 skeins of silk and 60,000 bnshs. of salt are made annually. The inhabitants clothe themselves principally in the products : of their own families, and were it not for the exorbitant num- ber of their distilleries. I should add, are very temperate and industrious,-the character given them by correspondents.""- Sprfford's Gazetteer, ed. 1813.
.Joseph Annin, Sheriff; Glen Chyler, Surrogate.
4 This building is 45 by 65 feet, 2 stories high, with 2 double ' The Cayuga Democrat was published by Fred. Prince in 1833. and 26 single cells, arranged in the center of the building, with | The People's Friend was published in 1836 by Oliphant & x hall on three sides, open to the prisoners in daytime. Skinner.
5 No means are provided for ventilating the rooms or for classifying the inmates. The insane are sometimes confined in dark cells not provided with means of warinth; and the! whole establishment and its management are by no means- creditable to the intelligence and humanity of the citizens of the co.
6 The Ontario, Auburn & N. Y. R. R., extending from Little Solna Hay 3. to Ithaca, has been surveyed through the co. and The Northern Christian Advocate (M.E.) was commenced in April, partially graded ; but work npon it has been suspended.
The Terana Gazette, or Onondaga Advertiser, the first paper Published in Cayuga co., was established July 20. 179%. at Levana, in the town of Scipio, (then Ouondaga co .. ) by R. Delano.
Ty Wistern Luminary was published at Watkins' Settlement. in Scipio, in 17944.
The Autora Gazette was estaldished in 1799 Iy II. & J. Prace. and continued until 1805, when it was removed to Auburn and changed to
The Western Federalist. It was published as
The Auburn Gazette by Skinner and Crosby in 1916.
The Cayuga Tocsin was commenced at Union Springs in 1812 by R. T. Chamberlain. It was soon after removed to
Auburn, and continued by different persons until 1847, when it was united with the Cayuga Patriot.
The Cayuga Putriol was started at Anburn by Samnel R. Brown in 1814. Isaac S. Allen, Ulysses F. Douldeday, and others, were afterward interested in its publication. In June, 1847, it was united with the Tocsin, the joint papers taking the name of
The Cayuga New Era. It was successively published by Mer- rill. Stone & Co, Stone, Hawes & Co .. Finn & Hallett, and William L. Finn, and was discontinued in 1837.
The Iderrate of the People was commenced at Auburn in Sept. 1816. by Henry C. Southwick.
2 When organized in 1799, Cayuga included Soneca co., the territory lying between the Cayuga and Seneca Lakes : and, a- The Cayuga Republican was commenced in 1819 by A. Buckin- ham, and was afterward published by Thomas M. Skin- Her. In 1833 it was united with the Free Press and issued as central to the thin population, the first courthouse was located at Aurora, on the E. shore of Cayuga Lake. It was built of poles and covered with brush. Iu 1803 a cirenit court and court of Over and Terminer was held at this place by Daniel D. Tomp- . The Auburn Journal and Advertiser by Oliphant & Skinner. king, at which an Indian by the name of Jolin was tried and ' Skinner subsequently withdrew, and the paper was continned by Oliphant. In 1846 it was issued As convicted of the murder of Ezekiel Crane, jr., and sentenced to be hung. He urgently requested that he might be shot,-a pri- The Auburn Journal ; and the same year vilege, of course, not granted by our laws. A log building at The Auburn Daily Advertiser, the first daily paper published in the co., was established in connection with it. In the fall of the same year, Oliphant sold out to Henry Montgomery, by whom the papers were con- tinned until 1850. when Knapp & Peck, the present publishers, became proprietors. Cayuga Village was anthorized to be used as a jail March 25, i 1800. In 1804 an act was passed, authorizing John Tillotson. Augustus Chidsey, and John Grover, jr., commissioners to build a courthouse on the S. E. corner of Lot 46 of Scipio, (now Auburn. This act was afterward repealed. On the 6th of March, 1805, ! Edward Savage, of Washington co., Jas. Burt, of Orange, and The Auburn Free Press was commenced by Richard Oliphant Jas. Hildreth, of Montgomery, were appointed commissioners to in 1824 and published by him until 1829. It was then sold to Henry Oliphant, and in 1833 it was united with the Cayuga Republican. locate the site of a courthouse. The commissioners neglected to fix the site; and. April 6, 1808, John Glover. Stephen Close. and Noah Olinstead were appointed to superintend the finishing of the courthouse at Anburo.
3 The first co. officers were Seth Phelps, First Judge ; William Stuart, District Attorney : Benjamin Ledyard, County Clerk; ' The Diamond was published in 1830.
The Gospel Advocate was published in 1830.
The Gospel Messenger (Prot. F.) was established at Auburn by Rev. Dr. Rudd in 1827. It was removed to Utica a few years after.
The Western Banner was published in 1836 by Francia 8. Wiggins.
The Peoples Library, mo., was published in 1836 by F. S. Wiggins. The Primitive Christian was published in 1936 by Silas E. Shepard.
: The Conference Record was published in 1837 by Rev. J. S. Chamberlain.
1841. by Rev. John E. Robie. . It was edited by Rev. F. 6. Hibbard and Rev. Wmn. Hosmer until May. 1844. when it was purchased by the Meth. Genl. Conference and changed to
The Northern Advocate. It was edited successively by Rev. Nelson Rounds and Wm. Hogner, and is now under the editorial charge of Rev. F. (. Hildend.
The Star of Temperance was paldished in 1845 ley 1. 11. Davey. Auburn's Furorite was published in 1849 by Newton Calkins The Cayuga Chief was commenced at Anburn in January, 1849. by Thurlow W. Brown, and continued until 1957.
The Auburn Daily Bulletin was published in 1849 by Stone, Hawes & Co.
The Master Union, mo .. was published in 1850.
199
CAYUGA COUNTY.
This co. formed a portion of the Military Traet, and included the original townships of Cato, Brutus, Aurelius, Scipio, Sempronius, and parts of Milton and Locke. Sterling was included in the lands granted as a compensation for portions of the original grants, which upon survey were found to belong to the Boston Ten Towns. Before the advent of tho whites it formed the chief hunting grounds of the Cayuga Nation. The people of this nation were more migratory in their habits than those of the Onondaga and Seneca nations, and they had fewer towns and villages. The principal town or place of council of the tribe was upon the shore of Cayuga Lake, near the present village of Aurora. The first white settlers were soldiers, who had served during tho Revolution and who drew lots upon the Military Tract, or those who had purchased soldiers' warrants. The first immigration was by the way of Oncida Lake and River, and from the s. by way of Cayuga Lake; but in 1796 a State road, extending from Whitestown to Geneva by way of Auburn, was cut through; and in 1800 the celebrated Cayuga Bridge1 was built, the new route speedily becoming the great highway of Western emigration. The population steadily and rapidly increased from 1790, a great impulse being given to it by the completion of the Erio Canal in 1825. The first inhabitants were principally from New England and the eastern cos. of New York.
AUBURN CITY-was formed as a town from Aurelius, COM March 28, 1823. It was ineorp. as a village April 18, 1815, and as a city March 21, 1848. It lies upon Owasco Outlet, near tho center of the eo. Its surface is rolling, with an inclination toward the N. Owasco Outlet, flowing N. w. through near the CITY. center, descends 120 ft., and furnishes an abundance of water- power, which is mostly improved. Along its course are valuable quarries of waterlime, Oriskany sandstone, and Onondaga and corniferous limestone. The city is finely laid out upon both UBU sides of the creek, most of the streets having a gentle inclina- tion. It is situated in the midst of a rich farming country, and it has a large share of internal trade. Its manufactures are extensive and important, consisting principally of woolen goods,? paper, agricultural implements, books, flour, and machinery. Besides the co. buildings, it contains 12 churches,3 3 banks, and many other fine publie and private buildings. Seven weekly, 2 daily, and 2 monthly papers are published in the city. Pop. 0,476.
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