USA > New York > Gazetteer of the State of New York: embracing a comprehensive view of the geography, geology, and general history of the State, and a complete history and description of every county, city, town, village, and locality, Part 1 > Part 77
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1 The Johnson family retained a lien upon the building until annulled by the forfeiture of their estates.
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315
FULTON COUNTY.
courthouse. The average number of inmates is 50, supported at an average cost of $1.25 per week each. The children attend the publie sehool. The farm yields a revenue of $200.
Four weekly newspapers are now published in the eo.1
The history of this eo. is intimately connected with that of Sir William Johnson and his family. At the age of 21, Johnson eame to America as agent of his unele, Sir Peter Warren, and located in the Mohawk Valley. He soon became identified with the interests of that section of the colony, and a zealous promoter of its prosperity. He was appointed Indian Agent, learned the language of the natives, adopted with facility their habits when it suited his interests, and gradually ao. quired an aseendeney over these people which his official relations served to strengthen. His sue- eessful management in the expedition to Lake George in 1755 gave him a high position in the esteem of the home Government, and seeured him, as an especial favor, the grant of a large traet of land N. of the Mohawk, as a direet gift from the king. lle was also honored with knighthood. His first residenee was fixed at what is still known as Fort Johnson, on the Mohawk, in the town of Amsterdam; but about 176I he removed to a new mansion, near the village of Johnstown, still standing, and known as Johnson IIall. At this time he possessed an estate that had few rivals in extent and value in the country; his tenants were numerous and attached to his interests, and the prospeets of future greatness to his family were most flattering. On the approach of the Revolu- tion he is supposed to have been liberally inelined ; but his duty to the Government, whose offices he held, forbade him from favoring the cause of the colonies, while his attachment to his neighbors and the inhabitants of the colony rendered the thought of any measures tending to their ruin extremely painful to his feelings. It was apparent that a struggle between the mother country and the colonies must ensue ; but, with the preseienee that foreshadowed the significant purpose of his mind, he intimated to his friends that he should never live to see it, and he besought the British Government to appoint his son to his office,-that of Indian Agent. He died suddenly at Johnson IIall, on the afternoon of June 24, 1774, at the age of nearly sixty years.2
1 The Johnstmon Gazette was published in 1796.
The Montgomery Advertiser was published at Johnstown in 1796 by Jacob Doxtader. It soon passed into the hands of Jas. Smith, and subsequently into the hands of Alvin Romeyn and - Clark. It was afterward coutinued several years by David Holden.
The Montgomery Republican was commenced at Johnstown in Ang. 1806, by Win. Child. His brother. Asa Child, soon after became editor. In 1823 Win. Holland becanie owner, and published it 2 years. Peter Mix continued it until 1834. when the office was burned. The paper was revived by him; and in Nov. 1836, the office was again burned, and the publication of the paper was discontinued.
The Montgomery Intelligencer was commenced in 1806, and dis- continued in 1807.
The Montgomery Monitor was commenced at Johnstown in 1808 by Robbins & Andrews. It soon passed into the hands of Russell Prentice, who sold it in 1824 to Duncan and Daniel MeDonald. In 1828 they removed it to Fonda, theuce to Canajoharie, and finally to Schoharie.
The Johnstown Herald was removed from Amsterdam in 1924 by Philip Reynolds. It had been published there as the " Mohawk Herald." In 1837 it was removed to Fonda and published as the " Fonda Herald."
The Montgomery Freeman was published at Johnstown by Yates & Co.
The Northern Banner was commeneed at Union Mills, Broad- albin, by John Clark. It was removed in a few months to Johnstown and published as
The Northern Banner and Montgomery Democrat. In 1837 its name was changed to
The Montgomery Republican. It was soon afterward sold to Wm. S. Hawley, who changed its name in 1838 to The Fulton County Democrat. In 18- it passed into the hands of A. T. Norton; and in 1842 it was pur- chased by Walter N. Clark, its present publisher.
The Christian Pullidium, semi-ino., was published in 1836 by Joseph Badger. It was removed to Albany in 1846 or '47.
- The Fulton County Republican was commenced at Johnstown in 1838 by Darius Wells. In 1840 Alexander U. Wells became proprietor ; and in 1842 he sold it to George Henry, its present publisher.
The Garland, semi mo .. was published at Union Mills by Win. Clark. It was afterward issued a short time at Johns- town.
The Library Journal was published at Kingsboro' in 1843 by S R. Sweet.
The Johnstown Americon was commeneed in Jan. 1856, by N.J. Johnson. In Feb. 1857. it was sold to J. D. Honghtaling. In April. 1858, its name was changed to
The Johnstown Independent, uuder which title it is now published.
The Gloversville Standard was . vnmenced in Sept. 1856, by W. II. Case, and is still pubhsled.
2 It has been the generat belief that Sir William ended his own life ; and there is not much douht but that he hung him- self in his garden. His gardener, who found him and took him down, intimated, in his old age, facts which confirm this belief; and his will-dated Jan. 27, 1774-indicates that the near approach of death was a familiar thought, as his hurial was an event for which he gave the most minute directions, In this instrument-after commending his soul to God, who gave it -he directs his body to be buried in the place he had selected by the side of his wife, Calharine. He directs mourning lor his housekeeper, Mary Brant, and her children, and for young Brant and William, half-breed Mohawks, and for his servauts and slaves. The sachems of both Mohawk villages are to be invited to his funeral, and to receive each a black stroud blanket, crape, and gloves, which they were to receive and wear as mourners next after his family. The bearers are to have white scarf, erape, and gloves; and the whole cost of the funeral is not to exceed £300. The fuuerat debt is to be first paid by Sir John, out of his 3 per cent. consolidated annuities, within 6 months. lle bequeathed to Peter £300, and to the other children of Mary Brant (7 in number) £100 each,-the interest to be expended on their education. To young Brant, alias Kaghneghago, and William, alias Tagawirunta, two Mohawk lads, £100 York currency each; to Sir John, his son. one-half of the rest of his money; and to.Daniel Claus and Guy Johnson, his sons-in-law, each one-half of the remainder. Ile then gives his library and plate, slaves, stock, and personal estate, (certain portions excepted,) to Sir Johu; and his landed estate is divided between his children and friends, specifically naming to cach the lots they are to receive, and especially enjoining upon his children never to sell or alienate any portion of the Royal Grant, as he had received it as a free gift from the king. The legatees of his lands were Sir John and Cot. Guy Johnson, Daniel Claus, each of the children of Mary Brant, and her brothers, Joseph and William. Mary McGrah, John and Warren Johnson, his brothers, and Dease, Sterling, Plunket. and Fitzimons, brothers- in-law. and John Dease, his nephew. To Robert Adauis, Joseph Chew. and Wm. Byrne, old friends, and Patrick Daly, a servant, he gave the free nse for life of certain lands. Amt he provided for the further division of his estate in case Sir John died without issue. tle appointed as his exeentors, his son, two sons-in-law, two brothers, and Dan'l Campbell, of Schenectady, John Butler, Jellis Fonda, Capt. Jas. Stevenson. of Albany, Dr. John Dease, Henry Frey, and Jos Chew. The guardians of the children of Mary Brant were John Butler, Jrllis Fonda, John Dease, James Stevenson, Heury Frey, and Joseph Chew. Each executor and guardian was to receive a ring. as a memento from their once sincere friend. Sir Williamn was buried in a vault nuder the Episcopal church in Johnstown. About 1793 the vault was filled up; and Nov. 26, 1836, the church, with its ludl and organ, (the presents of Sir William, ) were burned. The spot of his burial is just outside of the present church edifice.
316
FULTON COUNTY.
The active interest in the royal eause taken by Sir John Johnson and all whom he could influ- enee, is well known. IIc fortified Johnson Ifall late in 1775, armed the Scoteh Highlanders on the Kingsborough Patent, and spread discontent among the Indian tribes under his control. Ifis eonduet could not be tolerated ; and in Jan. 1776, Gen. Schuyler was sent with an army of 700 militia to disarm the tenants and to seeure a striet neutrality on the part of Sir John and his friends. After several days' negotiation, a feigned acquiescence was received, and on the 19th the Seotch surrendered their arms, and Sir John gave his word of honor to abstain from further hos- tile measures. Ilis intrigues continued notwithstanding ; and in May, 1776, a patriot foree, under Col. Dayton, was sent to apprehend him. Upon their approach, he left his family papers, money, and plate to be buried by a faithful slave, and, attended by large numbers of his dependents, he fled through the woods northward to Canada.1 In May, 1780, Sir John made his appearance with 500 troops from the Northern wilderness, to recover his buried treasure and take vengeance upon his old neighbors. The settlements were surprised, and the Mohawk Valley, from Tribes Hill upward to The Noses, was ravaged. Many houses were burned, 11 persons were slain, and several others were left as dead but finally recovered. An ineffectual rally was made for pursuit; but the invaders returned without molestation. In the fall of the same year, Sir John, with 800 men, in- vaded the Schoharie and Mohawk Valleys with fire and sword, while an army advanced by way of Lake Champlain to create a diversion on the northern frontier. In returning, he was pursued by a body of troops under Gen. Robert Van Rensselaer, and would have been overtaken and cap- tured had not the cowardice or treachery of that officer prevented.2 The battle of Stone Arabia was fought upon this oeeasion. In Aug. 1781, Major Ross and Walter N. Butler, with a band of tories and savages, appeared by way of Saeondaga with 607 men,3 and encamped a little N. of Johnson Ifall. Col. Willett moved from Fort Plain on the 22d, with 300 men, to attack the enemy, and, upon approaching, detached 100 men, under Col. Harper, to make a eircuit and attack the rear of the eamp. A short distance above the Hall, Willett's forees met those of Ross, and the former retreated ; but at the village they rallied, and were joined by 200 militia. The enemy were finally driven from the ground, with a loss of 17, while the Americans lost 13. Ross retreated all night, and was followed. At West Canada Creek the infamous Butler was killed.‘
The estates of the Johnsons were forfeited, and a raee of New Englanders succeeded the Scoteh Highlanders in this co. No further event of especial interest has sinee disturbed the even eurrent of events.
BLEECKER5 -- was formed from Johnstown, April 4, 1831. A part was re-annexed to that town in 1841, and a part of Caroga was taken off in 1842. It is the central town upon the N. border of the co. Its surface is a hilly and mountainous upland, the highest summits upon the N. border being 2,000 ft. above tide. The streams are head branches of West Stony6 and Garoga Creeks. In the valleys are several small lakes, the principal of which are Chases Lake, in the N., and Woodworth Lake, on the s. border. The soil is thin and light, and the surface is very stony. Lumbering and tanning7 are the leading pursuits. Bleecker, (p. v.,) near the s. border, eon- tains a church, a sawmill, a large tannery, and 20 dwellings. The first settlements were com- meneed about 1800.8 The eensus reports 3 ehureles; M. E., Germ. Meth., and R. C.
BROADALBIN9-was formed from "Caughnawaga," (now Broadalbin, Johnstown, and Mayfield,) March 12, 1793. Northampton was taken off in 1799, and a part of Perth in 1842. It is the eentral town on the E. border of the eo. Its surface is rolling and mostly susceptible of eultiva- tion. Chuctenunda Creek flows through the s. E. corner. Fondas Creek flows w. through near the center ; Frenchmans Creek through the N. part; and Mayfield Creek through the N. w. corner. The soil is mostly of the drift formation, inelining to sand. The N. part extends into the great Sacondaga Vlaie, which is annually overflowed, and in which the soil is alluvial. Fondas Bush, (Broadalbin p. o.,) on Fondas Creek, near the w. line, was incorp. April 17, 1815, as
] This slave was sold among the confiscated property of Sir John. His purchaser, Col. Volkert Veeder, could not induce him to betray the secrets of his master. Ile was subsequently re- covered by Sir John. and accompanied him to Canada. The papers buried with the money and plate were afterward found to be ruined, but the coin and plate were recovered and taken to Canada. 2 See page £11.
8 Of these 477 were British and tories and 130 were Indians.
4 See page 411.
5 Named from Rutger Bleecker, of Albany, a patentce. The town Includes portions of Chase's, Glen's, Bleecker's, Lansing's, and Mayfield's Patente.
6 Named Des-kon-ta on Southier's map, pub. in 1779.
7 There are 3 large tanneries in town.
8 Among the early settlers were James Morse: Wm. Rood, Ephraim Lindsley, James Landon, Samuel Shaffer. Win. Eglan, Frederick Mills, -- Goodwell, and Geo. Hamilton .- all from New England. The first death was that of - Goodwell, about 1806. Win. Chase, the patentee, built a gristmill on the x. branch of Stony Creek, in 1804-05.
9 Named from a place in Scotland, by James McIntyre, one of the early settlers. This town comprises parts of Sacondaga, Kaynderosseras, and Stone's Pateuts.
317
FULTON COUNTY.
"Rawsonville." It contains 3 churches, 3 buckskin dressing mills, a saw and grist mill, and 3 mitten factories. Pop. 651. Mills Corners, (p. o.,) in the E. part, is a hamlet. Union Mills (p. o.) contains a sawmill, paper mill, a peg factory, and 10 houses. North Broadal- bin, (p. o., ) in the N. E. part, contains a church, saw and grist mill, and 10 houses. The first settlement was commenced before the Revolution.1 The census reports 5 churches in town .?
CAROGA3-was formed from Stratford, Bleecker, and Johnstown, April 11, 1842. It lies on the N. border of the co., w. of the center. Its surface is rolling in the s. and broken in the N. by small, sharp mountains. A large hill lies w. of Garoga Creek ; and a swell of land riscs about 300 ft. between the principal branches. Numerous clusters of lakes lie in the center and N. part of the town, the principal of which are E. and W. Fish Lakes, Garoga Lake, the Stink Lakes, Bellows, Prairie, Green, and Pine Lakes. Garoga Creek flows s. from Garoga Lake. A small portion of the area only is susceptible of cultivation. Lumbering is the principal business. Newkirks Mills (p. v.) contains a church, (Ref. Prot. D.,) a large tannery, and 30 houses. The first settle- ment commenced about 1790.4
EPHRATAH-was formed from Palatine, (Montgomery co.,) March 27, 1827. A part was re-annexed to that town on the division of the co. in 1838. It lies on the s. border of the co., w. of the center. Its surface is mostly a hilly upland, 400 to 1,500 ft. above the Mohawk. Garoga Creek flows s. w. through the town, in a deep valley, the hills on either side rising about 800 feet above the creek. The soil is sandy, and in the s. E. a clayey loam. Ephratah, (p. v.,) in the s. part, contains a church, gristmill, a large tannery, and 359 inhabitants. Garoga, (p. v.,) in the N. part, contains a saw and grist mill and 12 houses. Rockwood, (p. v.,) in the N. E. corner, contains 2 churches, 2 sawmills, a gristmill, 2 tanneries, a buckskin dressing mill, and 196 inhabitants. Lassellsville, (p. v.,) in the w. part, contains 2 churches and 20 houses. The first settlement commenced under the auspices of Sir Wm. Johnson, in 1765.5 The census reports 6 churches in town.6
JOHNSTOWN"-was formed from "Caughnawaga," (now Broadalbin, Johnstown, and Mayfield,) March 12, 1793. Lake Pleasant was taken off in 1812, Bleecker in 1831, Mohawk in 1837, and a part of Caroga in 1842. A part of Bleecker was re-annexed in 1841. It lies on the s. border of the co., near the center. A series of hills occupy the N. part. A high ridge oxtends through the w .; and the remaining parts of the town are rolling. Cayadutta Creek flows s. w. through the E. part; Garoga Creek flows through the N. w. corner ; and Garoga Creck through the w. part. The soil is a clayey and sandy loam. The manufacture of buckskin gloves and mittens forms an important item in the business of the town. Johnstown (p. v.) was incorp. April 1, 1808. It is situated on the Cayadutta, s. E. of the center; and it contains the co. buildings, 7 churches, the Johnstown Academy,8 3 printing offices, a bank, 2 gristmills, a sawmill, planing mill, and gas works. Pop. 1,661. Gloversville, (p. v.,) on the Cayadutta, 4 mi. N. of Johns- town, is noted for its manufacture of gloves and mittens.9 It was incorp. in April, 1853, and contains 3 churches, the Gloversville Union Seminary, a printing office, a bank, a paper box fac- tory, machine shop, and gristmill. Pop. 1,965. Kingsborough, (p. v.,) in the E. part, con- tains a church, an academy, 10 mitten factories, and 300 inhabitants. Sammonsville, (p. v.,) in the s. w., contains a paper mill, gristmill, and 15 houses. West Bush, (p. o., ) in the N. part, Kecks Center, (p. o.,) in the w. part, and McEwens Corners are hamlets. The first
1 Henry Stoner, Josepb Scott, Benj. Deline, Philip Helmer, Andrew Bowman, Herman Salisbury, Jolin Putnam, Joseph Desilver, Jobn Homan, Elias Cady, settled near Fondas Busb before the Revolution .- Simms's Trappers of N. Y., p. 21. James Melutyre, Alexander Murray, Alexander Oliver, Daniel Mcin- tyre, and Nathan Brockway, from Scotland, Peter Demarest and Derrick Banta, from N. J., Ahram Manchester, Reuben Burr, and Enoch Cromwell, from New Eng., settled soon after the Revolution. Rev. - Romeyn beld the first religious services, After the war. in 1790-92.
2 Presh .. M. E .. Bap., Christian, and Union.
3 Named from the principal stream. Custom has applied the name " Giaroga" to the latter, and "Caroga" to the town.
4 David. Robert, and Solomon Jeffers settled in 1798 ; Samuel Gare, Reuben Brooking. Wm. Jefferson, Abram Carley, Anthony Stewart, Nathan Lovelace. Isaac Peckham, Elijah Gardner. fra Beach, John Mead, Jas. Mclellan, Titus Foster, Lemuel Lewis, and Daniel Goff, were also early settlers. The first marriage was that of Francis Vaudereook and Lucy Jeffers, in 1800. The firat death was that of Mrs. Amy Mead, in 1804.
Wm. Smith, Henry Hart, Zachariah Tripp, John Cassleman, Peter Schutt, and Jacob Eplie, from Germany, came in from Schioharie, mostly before the Revolution. The first German school was taught by -- Moot, and the first English school by - McLean. A gristmill was built by Sir Wmn. Johnson soon after the first settlement. It was afterward burned by the tories. Johannes Winkle built the first mill after the Revolu- tion.
6 2 M. E., 2 Union, Bap., and Ref. Prot. D.
7 Named from Sir William Johnson. The town embraces the Kingsborough Patent, granted Juue 23, 1753, a part of Stone Arabia, Butler's, and the Sacondaga Patents.
6 This academy was built in 1798-99, by Wm. Van Vort. Sir Win. Jolinson set apart a portion of the Kingsborough Patent for the benefit of a free school. This reservation was respected by the courts of forfeiture, and trustees were appointed to take charge of the trust. The proceeds were appropriated to the use of this academy.
9 There are in this town over 100 establishments for the manu facture of gloves and mittens, and 10 mills for dressing the skins. This business was first commenced by Ezeklel Case, in 1803. and has grown from a small beginning, until now it is
$ Frederick Getman, Jacob Empie, and Jacoh Schell settled acar the village. Nicholas Rector. Jacob Fry, Henry Herring, Philip Kreitzer, Wm. Cool, - Deutzler, Johannes Winkle, said that over $500,000 capital is invested in it.
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FULTON COUNTY.
settlement was commenced under the auspiees of Sir Win. Johnson, in 1760. He removed to " John. son Hall," about ? of a mi. N. w. of Johnson Village, in 1761 or'62. There were then about a dozen houses in the village, and 100 tenants on farms adjacent. The lands were leased by him with the evident intention of establishing a baronial estate for his family.1 The census reports 11 churches in town.2
MAYFIELD$-was formed from "Caughnawaga," (now Broadalbin, Johnstown, and May- field, ) March 12, 1793. Wells was taken off in 1805, and another portion of Mayfield was annexed to that town in 1812. A part was annexed to Perth in 1842. It lies on the N. border of the co., E. of the center, and extends nearly to the s. line. Its surface in the N. part is broken by mountains rising 1,500 to 2,000 ft. above tide. These elevations are of primary formation, with rounded summits, the higher peaks having steep declivities. The central and s. parts are rolling and generally susceptible of cultivation. Stony Creek flows through the N. w. corner ; Mayfield Creck through near the center; Fondas Creek' through the s. E. part; and Cranberry Creek in the E. part. The soil is sandy and gravelly, in some places strewn with boulders. The valleys are alluvial, with some clayey loam. Mayfield (p. v.) contains 2 churches, a saw and grist mill, and 600 inhabitants. Vails Mills, (p. v.,) in the s. E. part, contains a sawmill, a gristmill, a tannery, and 20 houscs. Jackson Summit is a p. o. The first settlement was commenced about 1760 or '61, under Sir Wm. Johnson, on the old road from Tribes Hill to the Sacondaga, and was then called "Philadelphia Bush."5 There are 2 churches in town ; M. E. and Presb.
NORTIIAMPTON6-was formed from Broadalbin, Fcb. 1, 1799. It is the N. E. corner town of the co. Its surface is hilly in the N., the hills rising about 1,000 ft. above the valley. In the s. part the Sacondaga" Vlaie occupies several thousand acres, which cannot easily be drained. Sacondaga River flows s. E. through the center of the town, in a valley } to 1} mi. wide. Mayfield. Creek flows E. near the s. border. The soil in the valley is a rich alluvium, and on the upland a sandy loam. In places it is stony and roeky. Shell marl abounds in the bed of the Vlaie. Northville, (p. v., ) in the N. part, contains 3 churches, 4 mitten factories, and 450 inhabitants. Northamp- ton,8 (p. v., ) in the s. E. corner, contains 2 churches, a large tannery, and 210 inhabitants ; and Osborns Bridge (p.o.) a church and 10 houses. Cranberry Creek is a p. o. The first settlement eommenecd under Sir Wm. Johnson, about 1770.9 The census reports 5 churches in town.10
OPPENHEIM-was formed from Palatine, (Montgomery co.,) March 18, 1808. St. Johns- ville (Montgomery eo.) was taken off in 1838. It is the s. w. corner town of the eo. Its surface is a hilly upland, inclining gradually to the s. w. In the N. E. part the hills rise 1,200 to 1,500 ft. above the Mohawk. East Canada Creek flows s. along the w. border. Fish Creek flows through the N. w. corner. Little Sprite, Crum, Zimmerman, and Fox Crceks all flow s. w. The soil in the s. w. is clay, in the s. E. a clayey loam, and in the center and N. a light, sandy and gravelly loam. Boulders are scattered over the surface in profusion ; and primary rock appears in the N. Limestone has been extensively quarried in the s. w. part, for the Erie Canal and for private usc. Oppenheim, (p. v.,) near the center, contains a church, a sawmill, and 59 inhabitants. Brockets Bridge, (p. o., ) in the w. part, on the line of Herkimer co., Lottville, (p. o., ) in the
1 Among the tenants were Dr. Wm. Adams; Gilbert Tice, inn- | David and Luke Woodworth, and Jonah Bartlett were also early keeper; Peter Young, miller ; William l'hillips, wagon maker; settlers. The first birth was that of Mary Cough. in 1766. Christian Furtenback taught a German school in 1771. Mills were built for Sir Wm. Jobnson in 1773. Jas. Davis, hatter ; Peter Yost, tanner; Adrian Van Sickle, Maj. John Little, and Zephaniah Bachelor. The first school was taught by - Ralworth, and the second by G. B. Throop. The 6 Named from the patent granted to Jacob Mase, Jolin R. Bleecker, and others, Oct. 17, 1741. tenants were imbued with the political sentiments of the Jolin- son family, and shared its fortunes. The estates were confiscated Local pronunciation, Sock-na-daw-gar. 8 Locally known as " Fishhouse." during the Revolution; and many from New England settled there after the war.
9 Godfrey Shew was the first settler; John Eikler, Lent and 2 The first clergyman, according to the records, was Rev. - Moselcy, in 1770. The churches are 2 M. E., 2 Presb., Bap .. Nicholas Lewis, Robert Martin, Zebulon Alger, funilies of Ketchums and Chadwicks, Asahel Parker, John Trumbull, Cong., Evan. Luth., Asso. Presh., Prot. E., Ref. Prot. D., and | John Rosevelt, Alexander St. John, and John Fay, were among R. C.
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