USA > New York > Gazetteer of the State of New York: embracing a comprehensive view of the geography, geology, and general history of the State, and a complete history and description of every county, city, town, village, and locality, Part 1 > Part 58
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7 Among the carly settlers wero Icbabod Bosworth, Geo. and Daniel Perry, Andrew Blackman and sons, Daniel Southwick. John, Joseph, and Samuel Churchill, John Sheldon. and Robert Tripp. The first child born was Wm. Ilallenbeck, in 1801 ; the first marriage. that of David Anderson and Rhoda Perry, Dec. 5, 1805; and the first death of an adult, that of Mrs. J. C. Bosworth Sept. 26, 1802.
" The census reports 4 churches in town; Cong., M. E., Prot. E., And Presb.
9 Name applied from its mountainous character
£
239
CLINTON COUNTY.
Landing is a hamlet, N. of the mouth of the Little Sable. The first settler was Wm. Hay, a -Scotchman, who located upon Stewart's Patent in 1772.1 The census reports 4 churches in town.
PLATTSBURGHI-was first recognized as a town April 4, 1785. A part of Peru was taken off in 1792, Beekmantown in 1820, Saranae in 1824, and Sehuyler Falls in 1848. It lies upon Lake Champlain, a little s. of the E. border of the eo., and ineludes Valeour' and Crab* Islands in the lake. The surface is level in the E. and broken and hilly in the w. It is slightly inelined toward the E., its w. border being elevated about 500 feet above the lake. It is prinei- pally drained by Saranac River and its branches. In the E. part the soil is a elayey loam, underlaid by Trenton limestone; in the eenter, a sandy loam, underlaid by ealeiferous sandstone ; and in the w. a light sand, underlaid by Potsdam sandstone. Cumberland Ilead is a peninsula extending into the lake and forming Cumberland Bay.5 Plattsburgh, (p. v.,) upon Cumber- land Bay, at the mouth of Saranac River, was incorp. March 3, 1815. It has a safe and eommo- dious harbor, and an excellent water-power, giving it facilities for a large amount of both eom- merce and manufactures. Besides the eo. buildings, it contains a town hall,6 eustomhouse," the Plattsburgh Academy, 6 churches, a foundery, planing mill, sawmill, gristmill, and 2 tanneries. Pop. 2,926. Upon a sandy plain, 1 mi. s. of the village and 00 feet above the lake, are situated extensive barraeks belonging to the U. S. Government.8 Cadyville, (p. v.,) upon the Saranae, 10 mi. above Plattsburgh, contains a church, sawmill, and 25 houses. Elsinore, I mi. above Cadyville, contains a forge and a half dozen houses. Salmon River, (South Plattsburgh p. o.,) in the s. part, contains a church, sawmill, and 25 houses. West Plattsburgh is a p. o. The first settlement was made before the Revolution, by Chas. de Fredenburgh and several asso- eiates, under royal grants. During the war the settlers were driven off and the improvements were destroyed. In 1785 a traet 7 mi. square was granted to Zephaniah Platt and 32 associates, who had bought up military land warrants to that amount.9 The first 3 families who settled under this grant were those of Charles Platt, Chas. MeCreedy, and Kinner Neweomb. Nathaniel Platt was the first surveyor and agent for the proprietors. A farm of 80 aeres was offered to each of the first 10 settlers in town.10 Rev. Benj. Vaughan preached the first sermon, in 1787; and Rev. Frederick IIalsey was the first settled minister, in 1795.11 There are 9 churches in town.12
SARANAC-was formed from Plattsburgh, March 29, 1824. It lies upon the w. border of the eo., s. of the eenter. Its surface is a broken and mountainous upland. The highest summits, along the w. border, are 4,000 feet above tide. Saranae River, flowing through the s. E. part, is the principal stream. Upon its course are several falls, affording an immense amount of water- power.13 The E. part, sloping toward the river, is covered with a light, sandy soil, and the river intervale with a sandy loam and alluvium. The soil among the mountains is sandy ; but the whole
1 Ilay lived opposite Valcour Island, and witnessed the naval | acres, should be jointly located, a tract 7 mi. square should be engagement of Arnold. Ile soon after removed to Canada, but granted, including 860 acres for gospel and schools. returned in 1785. Among the other early settlers were John Cochrane, John Howe, Isaac Finch, Abijah Ketchum, Lott and John Elmore, Ezekiel Lockwood, Samuel Jackson, Cyrenus Newcomb, Geo. Hayworth, Benj. Sherman, and Silas and Robert Cochrane. The first child born was Ira, son of John Howe, in 1784; the first marriage, that of Lott Elmore and Mary Hay, Dec. 17, 1788; and the first death, that of Wm. Hay, Feh. 28, 1779. M. Finch taught the first school, in 1790-91; Jolin Cochrane built the first grist and saw mill; -- Weed built the first forge, and Geo. Ilayworth and John Hockstrass built the first factory. A large stone woolen factory built in 1836, by Richard Hayworth, was changed in 1851 to a starch factory. 2 2 M. E., Cong., and R. C.
3 This island is memorable for the naval engagement which took place near it during the Revolution. The remains of the schooner Royal Savage, sunk at that time, may still he seen.
+ The sailors and marines killed in the naval battle of Sept. 11. 1814, were huried upon this island.
5 Extensive military works were hegun here in 1814, hut were abandoned upon the approach of the enemy. The State of Vt. presented Com. MacDonough with a farm on this point, which is still owned hy his descendants.
6 Built in 1856, at a cost of $3,000. It is a fireproof hrick building, and contains a town hall, armory, and fire engine rootn.
7 This is a fine fireproof brick building, built at a cost of $80,000, and contains rooms for the customhouse, postoffice, and U.S. Court.
8 These buildings were commenced in 1838, and were originally designed to inclose a space of 600 feet square. Only a part of the design has been carried out. Troops were stationed here until 1846, when they were sent to join the army in Mexico. The buildings are now used by the Clinton Co. Agricultural Society for its annual fairs.
9 This grant wae made in accordance with the provisions of an act passed in 1781, which provided that when 61 rights, or 30,600 ; thrown bodily into the air like playthings.
10 Among the settlers who received lots under this offer wero Kinner Newcomh, Jacob Ferris, Thos. Allen, John B. Hartwick, Derrick Webb, Jabez Pettit, Moses Soper, Lucius Reynolds, and Henry Ostrander. Among the other early settlers were Ichabod Truesdale, Peter Roberts, Wni. Campbell, Benj. Ketchum, and Benj. Graves, who settled at the village; Melancthon L. Woolsey, --- Adams, Frederick Durant, Wm. Coe, Russell Ransom, Benj. Mooers, Wm. P. and Theodorus Platt, who settled on Cumber- land Head; Lambert Hoppin. John Stevenson, Gideon Ruger, Joshua Hillyard, and Abm. Webh. who located on South St .: Benj. Reynolds, Sam'l Norcross, John Roberts, and Benj. Ham- mond, on Center St .; Nath'l Platt, Sam'l Benson, Eliphalet Has- kins, Jos. Ormsby, Benj. Vaughn, and John Wait, on North St .; and Melancthon Smith, Zephaniah Platt, Thos. Treadwell, Peter Sailly, and Wm. Bailey, in other parts of the town.
11 The first child born was Ida Ostrander, Sept. 7, 1785; the first male child, Platt Newcomh, Nov. 1, 1785; the first marriago was that of Peter Sailly and Marianne Adelaide Greille, Inne 8, 1789; and the first death, that of Mrs. Sailly, first wife of Peter Sailly, Dec. 23, 1786. Twelve of the original proprietors inet at the house of Judge Platt, at Poughkeepsie, Dec. 30. 1784, and took measures for the immediate erection of a grist and saw mill and forge. These buildings were the first in town.
12 3 R. C., Bap., M. E., Wes. Meth., Presb., Prot. E., and Union.
13 At the Saranac Falls the river flows through a narrow, tor- tuons channel, bounded by nearly perpendicular rocks. for the space of a mi. In its course its descent is very rapid, and ac several places it is precipitated down precipices of 20 or 30 ft., and at last it plunges into a basin in a perpendicular fall of 60 feet. The ragged rocks upon the bottom and sides, and the ahrupt angles in the channel, cause the water to boil and seethe and struggle in the wildlest cominotion. In high water, thou- sands of saw logs float down the river, and in their passage down the falls they are pitched and tossed upon the surges, or
240
CLINTON COUNTY.
w. region is too rough for cultivation. Saranac, (p. v.,) upon Saranac River, contains a church, sawmill, forge, and 50 houses. Redford, (p. v.,) on the Saranac, near the s. border, contains 3 churches, several sawmills, and 60 houses.1 Russia, 2 mi. above Saranac, contains 2 forges and 20 houses. The first settlement was begun in 1802, by Russell Casc and Ezekiel Pearce.2 The first preacher was Rev. Lambert Hopper, in 1805.3
SCHUYLER FALLS --- was formed from Plattsburgh, April 4, 1848. It is an interior town, lying a little s. E. of the center of the co. Its surface is rolling in the E. and hilly in the w., with an inclination toward the E. The Saranac forms its N. boundary, and Salmon River flows along its s. border. The soil is a light, sandy loam. Schuyler Falls, (p. v.,) on Salmon River, near the s. line of the town, contains a church, gristmill, starch factory, and 50 dwellings. Morrisonville, (p. v.,) on the Saranac, lies partly in Plattsburgh. It contains 3 churches, a gristmill, sawmill, starch factory, foundery, machine shop, and 35 houses. Norrisville, upon Salmon River, 3 mi. w. of Schuyler Falls, contains a starch factory, 2 forges, and 15 dwellings. The first settler was Ezra Turner, who located upon Salmon River in 1797.5 The census reports 2 M. E. churches in town.6
Acres of Land, Valuation, Population, Dwellings, Families, Freeholders, Schools, Live Stock, Agricultural Products, and Domestic Manufactures, of Clinton County.
ACRES OF LAND.
VALUATION OF 1858.
POPULATION.
SCHOOLS.
NAMES OF TOWNS.
Improved.
Unimproved.
Real Estate.
Personal
Property.
Total.
Nales.
Females.
No. of Dwellings.
No. of Families.
Freeholders.
No. of
Districts.
Children taught.
Altona
11,067}
10,634
506,712
$2,575 64,327
$204,950
1,854
616
655
257
12
1,614
Beekmantown
24,103
13,2864
531,385
15,300
546,685
1,480
483
482
4:25
15
1,135
Black Brook.
5,983}
69,550}
155,634
3,100
158,734
1,557
1,468
499
541
192
14
1,395
Champlain .
18,208
9,035
763,383
52,230
815,613
3,080
3,117
996
1,052
373
14
2,205
Chazy
23,526
56,053
523,655
50,880
574,535
2,233
2,229
780
809
575
17
1,619
Clinton
4,213
24,760 54,919
113,806
113,806
501
222
84
84
62
1
222
Ellenburgh
7.423}
56,608!
177,937
1,450
179,387
907
844
321
348
231
9
684
Mooera
12,0124
25,308
405,003
6,800
411,803
1,819
1,803
608
630
492
22
1.837
Peru ...
25,0501
19,346}
616,294
102,700
718,994
1,788
1,732
606
635
441
21
1,536
Plattsburgh
14,7643
12,094
1,069.290
348,400
1,417,690
2,998
3,082
896
984
642
17
2,602
Saranac.
11.058₺
39,507₴
201,352
2,200
1,656
1 402
523
533
362
13
1,119
Schuyler Falls
11,521}
9,984
246,694
29,600
203,552 276,294
974
963
337
344
2722
10
849
Total.
168,932}1401,0864
5,631,112
679,562
6,310,674
21,556 20,926 | 6,994 7,345
4,481 ||182 18,351
LIVE STOCK.
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS.
NAMES OF TOWNS.
Horses.
Working
O.ten and Calves.
Cows.
Sherp.
Stoine.
Winter.
Spring.
Tons of Hay
Bushela of
Potatoes.
Bushels of
Pounds
Butter.
Pounds
Cheese ..
in yards.
Altonaª
633
814
716
2,139
555
9541
27,311₺
3,126
25,185
944
38,245
6,475
230
Beekmantown
1,085
2,265
1,821
6,491
1,117
1,195
82.2631
7,232
52,827
15.545
172,695
17,823
2,951
Black Brook
371
553
554
486
370
668
9,227}
1,262
18,875
20
30,091 4
600
Champlain
919
1,427
1,096
4,037
708
83
75,919}
6,571
20,106
8,762
84,210
10,690
Chazy
1,233
2.199
1,666
8.776
1,173
1,686
81,1955
7,645₴
36,552
16,704
101.239
14,500
9554
Clinton .
192
355
371
562
272
721
6,723
1,007}
12,865
415
23,560
4,000
1,214
Dannemora
350
439
417
959
277
291
13 028}
1,990₴
32,019
210
39,505
755
Mooers.
602
1,257
818
1,581
469
6954
16,0911
4,084}
14,668
2,345
81,681
7,505
1.3734
Peru.
1,049
1,942
1.395
5,528
1,089
3,551
84,1424
6,117 ₴
58,058
11,918}
111,404
15,696
1,702,
Plattsburgh
1,005
1,259
1,016
3,794
856
2,002
40,123₺
4,247₴
35,224
11,967
76,350
12.357
5091
Saranac.
511
822
660
1.067
450
1,367
19,225
2,331}
28,271
1.442
57,661
710
259
Schuyler Falls
494
939
724
2,931
532
2,646
29,6364
2,624g
50,842
6,664
74,790
14.795;
1.385
Total
8,444 14,271 11,284 38,351
7,868
15,211 484,887# 48,241 385,492 76,936} 891,431} 105,906. 10,579}
a Formed since 1855.
1 In 1831, John S. Foster, agent of a company, came to this ; so injured that he died in 3 weeks. John D. Fiske, the second place and erected a saw and grist mill, and, during the next agent, was killed by a falling tree, June 21, 1805. The first birth was that of Isaac Smith, May 9, 1804; the first marriage, that of Cornelius llopper and Sophia Case, in 1810: and the first death of a settler, that of John D. Fiske, June 8, 1505. Royal Spaulding tanght the first school, in 1805; and Jeaish Ferris built the first saw and grist mill, in 1806. season, a large manufactory of crown glass. The manufacture of glass was carried on with varying success until 1852. when it was finally abandoned. Mr. Foster went to Jefferson co. in 1832, and there commenced the manufacture of glass, (see page -; Gershom Cook, Elias W. Corning, and Matthew Lane, of Troy, were proprietors of the establishment.
3 There are 4 churches in town ; 2 M. E., Presb,, and R. C.
‘ Named from the proprietor of the present village site.
2 Among the early settlers were Sylvanus Smith, Wright Spaulding, Lyman Mauly, Nath'l Lyon, John Gregory and son Czar, Lewis Ferris and sons, Isaiah and John Lambert, John M. llopper and Jolin Chamberlain. Samuel Stone, first | Jonathan Wickham, and Jas. Brand, all of whom located upon
5 Among the early settlers were Daniel and Roswell Jones, John P. Roberts, David llare, Daniel Willson, Hemy Purdy, Salmon River.
agent for Township No. 4 of the Old Military Tract, with another man, attempting to go to Malone, was caught in a snow storm, and his companion frozen to death, Oct. 8, 1802. lle was himself | of the river, iu Plattsburgh.
6 2 churches (Bap. and Union) at Morrisonrille are located N.
10
749
Au Sable.
$202,375
117,592
117,592
709
662
245
248
157
7
785
Dannemora.
BUSH. OF GRAIN.
DAIRY PRODUCTS.
Apples.
Domestic Cloths,
Au Sable ..
Ellenburgh
571,039
1,949 1,453
COLUMBIA COUNTY.
THIS county was formed from Albany, April 4, 1786.1 It lies upon BIA the E. bank of the Hudson, between Rensselaer and Dutchess cos., and extends E. to the Massachusetts line. It contains an area of 688 sq. mi., and is centrally distant 29 mi. from Albany. The Taghkanick Mts. extend along the E. border, and the adjoining parts of the co. are broken by numerous irregular ranges of hills which constitute the outlying spurs of those mountains. The w. part of the co. con- sists of an undulating plateau terminating in bluffs on the IIudson River. The principal streams are Roeliff Jansens Kil2 and Claverack SEAL and Kinderhook Creeks. Upon these streams and their tributaries are numerous valuable mill sites. In the E. and N. parts of the co. are several picturesque lakes, the principal of which are Kinder- hook, Copake, and Charlotte Lakes, and Whitings, Robinsons, Snyder, and Rhoda Ponds. The prevailing rocks are the Hudson River shales. The slate rocks in this co. crop out toward the w., usually at an angle of 45°, but sometimes almost vertically. Limestone crops out in different parts of the co. Brown hematitic iron ore is found in numerous localities in the E. part of Ancram and Copake.3 Lead has been mined in Ancram,' and manganese, peat, and marl are found in different localities. In New Lebanon are the celebrated thermal springs; in Stockport are other mineral springs, and in Chatham is a small sulphur spring.
The various branches of agriculture form the leading industrial pursuits of the people. Hay, (of which large quantities arc pressed and sent to market,) rye, oats, corn, potatoes, and buck- wheat, are the staple productions. Stock raising and dairying receive considerable attention. The manufacture of paper, cotton fabrics, vegetable extracts, and iron, is largely carried on.5 A greater quantity of paper is made in this co. than in any other in the State, and the co. also takes precedence of all others in the amount of tinctures and extracts prepared from medicinal plants.
The city of Hudson is the county seat.6 The courthouse and jail is a fine building, fronting on Washington Square. It has a marble front, with an Ionic portico, and contains the court and jury rooms, and the co. clerk's, sheriff's, and district attorney's offices." The poorhouse is a spacious brick building located upon a farm of 200 acres in Ghent.8
The most important works of internal improvement are the Hudson River R. R., extending through the w. part of the co., the Albany & West Stockbridge R. R., through the N. part, the Hudson & Boston R. R., terminating at Hudson, and the New York & Harlem R. R., terminating at Chatham Four Corners. Four newspapers are published in the co.º
1 By this act the N. boundary was defined as the N. line of " Kinderhook District," and the s. boundary as the s. line of
" Kings District." The latter line was more accurately defined, April 1, 1799.
2 Named from Roeliff Jansen, Overseer of the Orphan Cham- her (an office similar to that of surrogate) under the Dutch Gov- ernment. The Indian name was " Sauk-hen-ak."-Doc. Hist., 111. 612.
a Large quantities of ore have been taken from these localities. It is obtained near the surface, and its depth is not known.
" This ore is found near the junction of the slate and lime- stone strata, and occurs in strings and hunches .- Geol. Rep., 1838, p. 59.
" There are 15 paper mills and 8 cotton factories in the co. The first paper mill was erected at Stuyvesant Falls, in 1802, by Geo. Chittenden ; and tho first cotton factory, in 1813, by Nath'l Wilde.
" Tlie co. seat was formerly located at Claverack. The first ineeting of the board of supervisors was held at the house of Gabriel Esselstyne, in Claverack. An appropriation of £2000 was made for a courthouse, and Wm. B. Whiting, Abraham J. Van Alstyne, John Livingston, Henry I. Van Rensselaer, Mat- thew Scott, Seth Jenkins, and Wm. 1I. Indlow were appointed commissioners to superintend its erection. In 1788, an addi- tional appropriation of £1200 was made, and in 1798 another of £400. The first co. officers were Peter Van Ness, First Judge ; Peter Sylvester, Peter R. Livingston, Henry I. Van Rensselaer, and Wm. B. Whiting, Judges; Killian K. Van Rensselaer, Sur- rogate; Lawrence Hogeboom, Sheriff; Robert Van Rensselaer, Clerk; and Walter Vrooman Wemple, Treasurer. By the act of Feb. 25, 1805, the co. seat was removed to Hudson on condition that the city appropriate for the use of the co. the city hall, a
lot of land, (upon which to erect co. buildings,) and tho sum of $2000. A committee, consisting of Wm. Wilson, Jacob Ford, Tlos. Jenkins, Benj. Birdsall, and Nathaniel Green, was ap- pointed to superintend repairs and the erection of a jail.
7 Tho courthouse was erected in 1835, at a cost of $3500.
8 This building was erected in 1857, at a cost of $22,000, and, together with the surrounding buildings, has accommodations for 500 persons. The farm is mostly worked hy the inmates of the institutiou.
9 The Hudson Gazette, the first paper published in the co., was established April 7, 1785, hy Ashbel Stoddard and Chas. R. Webster. Webster soon after withdrew, and the paper was continued hy Stoddard until 1803-04.
The Bee was removed from New London, Conn., to Iludson, Ang. 17, 1802, and was published by Chas. Holt until 1810. It then passed into the hands of Saml. W. Clark, and afterward into those of John W. Dutcher. It was changed, abont 1820, to
The Columbia Centinel, and two years afterward it was united with the Columbia Republican.
The Balance and Columbia Repository was started in 1802, by Ezra Sampson, George Chittenden, and Harry Croswell It was removed to Albany in 1808, and discoutinued in 1811.
The Wasp was edited a short time hy "Robt. Rusticoat," in the early part of the present century.
The Hudson Newspaper and Balance Advertiser was commenced in Oct. 1806, by Harry Croswell.
The Republican Fountain, established in Dec. 1806, was published about 1 year, by Sylvester Roberts.
The Northern Whig was begun in 1808, by W. B. Stebbins. Wm. L. Stone became the publisher in 2 or 3 years,
241
16
242
COLUMBIA COUNTY.
The first settlements were made in the N. part of the co., under the Dutch Government. The E. border was settled elliefly by squatters from New England. Livingston Manor1 was patented July 22, 1686, and first settled by tenants about the beginning of the last century. The most important settlement was made by German Palatinates, in 1710, upon a traet of 6000 acres-now constituting the principal part of Germantown-which had been sold back to the Government by Robert Living- ston. The territory of Mass., under its charter, extended westward to the Pacific Ocean, and grants were made by that colony." Conflicting claims gave rise to bitter contentions and riotous outbreaks. Arrests made under Mass. warrants led to riots and bloodshed. Combinations were formed to dispossess the proprietor of the Livingston Manor, which resulted in tumults and murders." These difficulties continued until after the Revolution. During the Revolutionary War, and for several years after, this section of the country was much infested by robbers, and acts of violence were of frequent occurrence.5 The anti-rent movement of 1840-50 extended to the Livingston Manor, the John J. Van Rensselaer Tract, and other districts held by leasehold. In Dec. 1844, the Governor ordered out 7 companies of militia to assist the sheriff of this co. in the discharge of his duties. Most of the leases which had then been issued were for 1, 2, or 3 lives; but the anti-rent difficulties have led to the policy of conveying the title in fee as rapidly as eireumstances will admit.6
ANCRAM-was formed from Livingston, Mareh 19, 1803," as " Gallatin." Its name was changed March 25, 1814, and Gallatin was taken off in 1830. It is the s. E. eorner town of the co.
Richard L. Cross in 1816, and W. R. Stebbins in 1821. the Moliegan Indians in Jnly, 1683, and the Taghkanick pnr- It was discontinued in 1824.
The Columbia Magazine was published at Hudson at an early date, by Rev. John Chester.
The Spirit of the Forum and Hudson Remarker was published in 1817, by a literary association.
The Columbia Republican was started in Aug. 1818, by Solomon Wilbur. In 1820 it passed into the hands of Ambrose L. and Allen Jordan, and is now published by Wm. Bryan. For a year or two, about 1835-36, it was issued as
The Columbia Republican and Hudson City Advertiser.
The Hudson Gazette was established in 1824, by Peleg G. Sturtevant, and is now published by Williams & Brother, John W. Edmonds, Ed.
The Messenger of Peace was started In 1824, at Hudson, by Richard Carrique, and continued 1 year.
Ahashawaghkick, a hill in N. w. corner, on Mass. Ilne. Aca- The Rural Repository, semi-mo., was commenced, June 12, 1824, by Win. B. Stoddard, and continued until 1851. wanuk, a flat or rock in N. part of North East, (Dutchess co.) Kachwawyick, a place w. of a certain monntain. Kickua, or (Wumbia and Greene Co. Envoy was started at Hudson, in 1831, Kickpa, one of 3 plains near Roeliff Jansens Creek. Mananosick, by Edwin G. Lindsley, and continued 2 years.
The Diamond, semi-mo., was published at Hudson, in 1833, hy G. F. Stone.
The Magnolia, semi-mo., was published at Hudson, in 1834, by P. D. Carrique.
The Hudson Flail was published by J. R. S. Van Vliet, during the campaign of 1840.
The Columbia Washingtonian was started at Hudson in 1842, by J. R. S. Van Vliet. The paper changed hands several times, and was changed to
The Daily Evening Star, Dec. 28, 1847, by Alex. N. Webb. It is creek N. of Roeliff Jansens Creek. Saaskahampka, or Swaska- now published as
The Hudson Star, da. and w.
The Columbia Democrut was commenced at Chatham Four Cor- Kil. Skaankook, a creek. Towastawekak, or Twastawekak, a ners, In 1847, by -
The Temperance Palladium was published at Hudson in 1851, hy J. W. Dutcher.
The Hudson Daily News was published in 1855, by Richard Van Antwerp.
The Kinderhook Sentinel was established at Kinderhook in June, 1825, by Peter Van Schaack, and in Jan. 1832, was changed to
Columbia's Sentinel. In 1834 it passed into the hands of John V. A. Hoes, but about 18 months afterward it reverted to Van Schaack. It has since been changed to the
Rough Notes, and since 1854 it has been published at Kinderhook, by P. II. Van Vleck.
The Valatie Weekly Times was published in 1853, by II. N. Hopkins. The Equal Rights Advocate was started at Chatham Four Cor- ners, by an anti-rent association. In 1848 it was re -! moved to Hudson and changed to
The Democratic Freeman. It was discontinued in 1855-56.
The Columbia Ch. Journal was published at Chatham Four Cor- ners in 1850, hy Philip H. Ostrander.
The Journal of Materia Medica was commenced at New Lebanon in 1857; H. A. Tilden, pub., Joseph Bates, M. D .. ed.
1 The patent of this manor conferred.upon Robert Livingston, the patentee, feudal privileges, and imposed an annual quitrent of 28 shillings. The manor contained 160,240 acres, and in- cluded nearly all the present towns of Clermont, Germantown, Livingston, Gallatin. Taghkanick, Ancram, and Copake. It consisted of 2 purchases : the Livingston purchase, obtained of | maining parts of that town. Thus cutirely isolated from the
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