USA > New York > Gazetteer of the State of New York: embracing a comprehensive view of the geography, geology, and general history of the State, and a complete history and description of every county, city, town, village, and locality, Part 1 > Part 29
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Custom Houses have been erected by the General Government at New York, Plattsburgh, Oswego, and Buffalo; and a site has been purchased at Ogdensburgh. These edifices are built of stone. fireproof, and are generally fine specimeus of architecture. Efforts have been made to secure the erection of similar buildings at Rochester, Sackets Harbor, Albany, Brooklyn, and Sag Harbor, but so far without success.2
1. T're Welland Canal extends from Porl Colborne, on Lake ! Erie, to Port Dalhousie, on Lake Ontario. It hasa freder branch to Dunneville, on Grand River, and mother from the freder to Port Maitland. It passes sloops, schooners. aml propellers of a capacity of 400 tons. In 1856 its tolls ammated to 5261.568.13; in 1857 to $232.437.38; and in 1858 to $207.771.52.
pass both up and down by canal. These canals afford naviga- tion down lo Montreal, to which point ships come up from the sea. The total fall by river without locks is 2042 feet to Montreal and 132 feet thence to tide water at Three Rivers. The rapids of the St. Lawrence have been surveyed with the design of deepening them to afford a channel 200 feet wide and 10 feet leep, but nothing further has been done. These surveys make Lake Erie 5342 feet above tide.
The Rideau Canal was built as a military work by the Home Government and transferred some years since to the Province. It extends from Kingston to Ottawa, most of the way along the Chambly Canal extenuils from the fout of navigation on Lake Champlain to Chambly Basin, and with a lock at St. Ours, upon Richlieu River, completes the line of navigation from the lake to the St. Lawrence. A ship canal has recently been proposed between these important navigable waters. channel of rivers. Its total length is 126 miles. It rises trom Kingston to lle summit 165 feet by 13 locks, and descends to the Ottawa 292 feet by 34 locks. Its total cost was $3.869.000. The Gruppe, Point Irespons. Rapid Plat. Farruns Point. Corn. wall. Beauharnois, and Lachine Canuts extend around the rapids The amount of tonnage on these canals, in which this State on The st. Lawrence. Steamers usually pass down the rapids. but ! is interested, is very large; and in the Welland Canal more than must return by the canals and pay toll both ways. Sail vessels | half the duties are paid by American vessels.
Statistics of the Business of the Canadian Canals for two years.
WELLAND CANAL.
ST. LAWRENCE CANAL.
CHAMBLY CANAL.
1856.
1857.
1856.
1857.
1856.
1857.
Total tons passing up. ..
down
699.637
655.816
503,106
134,382 459.270
107,878 21,788
21,053
31.334
67.476
5,274
4,493
96,868
107,925
down
52.100
29.128
33.888
30.366
American to Canadian ports, np ...
34.716
137,574
6.380
9.328
duwt1.
116,5×2
163.217
15.612
3.765
16,741
18,272 156
American to American ports, np .. ..
200,373
2 0.546
213
17
725
..
down.
341.225
245.256
306
30
€
s. d.
d
£ s. d.
s.
£ s. d.
£ 2.577
s. d. 6 S
Revenues from tolls on property.
50.408 10 7:52.239 16
16,813 13 5: 13.741 10
.. Vessels
=
passengers ..
1
6
3
688 16 4.
579 10 4
6 18 4
10 11 0
::
lines
44 )
1 3.
155
1) (
910 7 10!
203 10
40
60 10 4
..
renta.
1.1057
1.504
1,042 10 0,
1,503 19 10
28 5 0
Statistics of the Canadian Canals.
1
Buffalo & Lake Huron Railway extends from Fort Erie, of- posite Buffalo, to Goderich Harbor, on Lake Huron, 165 mi.
Erie d Ontario Railway extends from Chippewa to Niagara, 17 miles.
Welland Railway, from Fort Dalhousie to Port Colborne, 27 mi_ is on the eve of completion.
Grand Trunk Railway of Canada extends from Portland, Me., and Quebec to Richmond, and thence to Montreal, Toronto, and Purt Sarnia, at the foot of Lake Huron. More than 700 mi. of this road are finished. A branch extends from Belleville to Peterborough. 50 mi., and others are proposed.
Ontario, Simcoe & Huron Railway extends from Toronto to Collingwood, on Georgian Bay, 95 mi.
Coburg & Peterborough Railway is 28} mi. long, with privi- lege of extending to Marmora Iron Works.
Oftawa & Prescott Railway extends from Prescott to Ottawa City. 54 mi.
Montreal & New York R. R. extends from Montreal to La- chine. S mi., and thence by ferry, 2 n.i., always open. to Caugh- nawaga. the terminus of a road lending to Plattsburgh, 52 mi. This line is now united with the Champlain & St. Lanerence R. R .. from St. Lambert, opposite Montreal, to Rouses Point. 44 mi .; and the consolidated company is known as the Montreal & Champlain Rail Road Co.
2 Custom Houses of New York.
PLACE.
Total. oppro- priation.
Of site.
Total.
New York
$1,008.743
$270.000
$1.105.313.57
Mattsluirgh.
5.000
86.443.73
Verdenslaugh
115.000
1:1,100
12.000
121.002.59
Buffalo
200 000
40.000
191,680.08
Total New York ...
$1,507.743
$335.000
$1,501,530.27
Total U. States.
$24.104.799
$3.385,827
$10,529,951.72
3
221
1
S
150
35
Bat Crock
1!
1
200
9
45
75
1.201 47
455
200
4.i
9
90
Point Iroquois'
3
1
6
114
200
45
9
50)
90
Farrans
Point
90
Cornwall ...
11!
11
421
. 200 : 45
9
120
( Chandy .... i
11:
1 1201
6
36
60
1 St. Ours flo ki . ...
It has been proposed too loud a Jap cana! from Lake Huron to Lake Ontario at Tofunto, by way of Lake Simque. So mi. A cutting to allow Lake Sumen- to pass southward would not ex- cor 1 1:5 ft. in depth: and in the > mi. surveyed the juincipal
that the cut lop : cand 120 ft. wide at lodged and 1. . ft. at surface. 12 fr. deep, with 1 double Jocks Soft, while, and 250 ft
5.2 .....
9 | No.of locks.
Lockages in
Length be- [
tween gates.
Depth on
miter sill.
At bottom.
At surfare.
1 SI
W.Hland
330-
45
9
3,15
( Tl 85
St. Lawrence Can's.
SIZE OF LACKS WIDTH OF
CANAL.
CANALS.
Miles in
Length.
fret.
( 150 .204
45
9
50
90
Rapid Plit ......
Branharnois .. 11!
413
21 0}
15
q
120
1.3
6
S.
-1
1.978 6 5
1.898 8 11
2,467 9 432 16
9
1
443 19 10
276.219
245,256
131,430
112,634
Canadian to American ports, np .. ..
6.10$ 3 11: 5.919 @
9
50
9
100
150
200 : 45
Jan. 27. 154. Branches . Sand Gren Houdt to Totale. 5 mi .: from Harrislough to Ginelph. 253 m : Trom Preston to Berlin log mi : and from banka. hear Lomlou. to Port Sar- nia, Go mi.
COST
Finder ...
Franch
120
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
Marine Hospitals .- Sinee 1778, every American seaman has been taxed 20 cents per month for a Ilospital Fund ; and in return he is entitled in case of sickness to assistance and support from the revenues thus collected. This fund is in charge of the U. S. Government, and is entirely independent of the various State and private hospital funds of New York City.1
Light Houses .- The United States Government has erected 62 light houses, lighted beacons, and floating lights within the State of New York, for the benefit of navigation. Of these, 3 are upon the seacoast, 15 upon Long Island Sound, 4 within the Harbor of New York, 16 upon Hudson River, 3 upon Lake Champlain, 14 upon Lake Ontario and St. Lawrence River, and 7 upon Lake Eric. The Government has also erected buoys, spindles, beacons, and other signals to indicate channels or to point out dangerous localities.2
The site for the New York Custom House was purchased Jan. | collection ilistricts in the year ending June 30, 1858, was as 9, 1x33, the building was completed Feb. 22, 1842: it is used for| follows :-- a custom Tionse only. The site for the Plattsburgh Custom Hanse was purchased Nov. 22, 1856, the building was completed May 19, 1858 : it is used for a custom house, post office, and Total ex- perlitures. courthouse. The site for the Ogdensburgh Custom House was COLLECTION DIS- TRICT. Hospital money col- lected. purchased Jan. 20. 1857, the building has not been commenced : it is designed to be used for a custom house, post office, and courthouse. The site for the Oswego Custom House was pur- I Discharged. Admitted. chased Dec. 15, 1854, the building was completed Sept. 1, 1858 : Dird. it is used for a custom house and post office. The site for the Sag Harbor 924 $ 289.63 22,485.94 Buffalo Custom House was purchased Jan. 26. 1855, the building New York. 8:24 19.19 42.576.78 was completed July 12, 1858: it is used for a custom house, post Champlain 403.81 412.60 office, and conrthouse. Oswegatchie. 544.93 15.15
The Custom House in New York occupied before the present one was finished was erected in 1816, at a cost of $928,312.96. In 1850 the only custom house building in the State belonging to the United States was at New York City. On the 19th af Fel. 1857. the Federal Government purchased a site for stores at Atlantic docks, Brooklyn, for $100,000; but as yet no use has been made of it.
1 The Federal Government has built 34 marine hospitals, none of which are in this State. Those entitled to aid are supported in this State in private families or local hospitals. The number of seamen relieved and supported in the several
Total New York
1.000
1.123
3
$30,653.23
$47.894.13
Total U. States .. | 10,703
9,444
381 -8358,020.53
$161.161.82
2 Light Houses.
NAME.
Location.
Distance risible in
nautical miles.
Fixed or recol-
Color of tower.
Height of tnieer
Height of light
above water.
When built.
When refilled.
Order of lens.
Remarks.
Montauk
E. point of S. Branch. ] 1. 1
20
Flashing ... White.
85
160
1795
1857
1
j Fresnel lens ; fash 2 min.
North Dumpling
12
Fixed
Red
25
70
1848
1855
6
Little Gulls Island
13
56
74
1806
1857
3 Fog bell. Machine.
Gardners Istand
6
Brown
27
29
1855
G
Plum Island
w. end Plum Island. 12
Revolving
White
34
1827
1856
+ 6
Flash 30 sec. Light on keeper's honse.
Hurtons Point
18
Red
30
110
1857
3
Stratford Pt. Vessel.
10
Straw col ..
32
40
1837
1855
:
Oldfield Point ....
13
White
34
1823
1555
1
Extens Neck.
E. of Huntington Pay ..
17
..
56 : 158
1798
1957
Lloyds Harbor.
Entrance of harbur ... .. 10
..
..
:
42 41
54
1848
1556
Sands Point.
E. of Cow Bay
15
Througs Neck
v. E.side af Fort Schuyler; 10
Fixed
..
61
53 66
1809 1826
1856 1855
Fog Bell. Machine 7 per min.
Great West Bay.
v. of Shinnecook 20
1
Fire Island.
F. of Fire Island Indet ...
15 Revolving
Yellow
150
166
1858
1 First
house
Swash Channel Bea- Staten Island, near ?
14
2 Fixed.
White. red.
Princess Bav
10
Flashing
White
33
106
1828
1×57 1855
Fort Tompkins ..
w of Narrows
15
Fixed
..
51 1
150
1826
1855
5
. West Point.
time Print. w. side.
10
16
1
28
1853
1890
1854
On keeper's house.
Rondont
tratpe creek w.
10
4.
38
1838
1864
C.
66
Saugertica
fw of river. \ of } Sangerties
10
=
4.
37
42
1835
1854 G
6.
(0.70
Oswego
86
98
2
142.15 3.632.21
975.42
Genesee
95.00
Niagara
4
3
1
183.86
02.19
Buffalo Creek ... Dnukirk.
86
...
3,770,92
2.320.50
Cape Vincent.
Sackets Harbor
10
12
269.88
Cedar Island.
Entrance Sag Harbor ... 10
Fixed
31
34
1839
1855
2 reflector lights. Fog bell.
5
Great Captains Island
Near Greenwich Point .. 12
1:58
Exvention Rocks
D)IF Satals Point
.. Revolving
1 + Fog bell. Machine. 4 Flash 20 sec.
( PongHogne Point )
Brick
150
160
1857
Bay.
off Tonekinsville .. ( w. sile entrance ) Narrows ... 5
13
Fog bell.
Stony Pollit.
20
6.
'Espai Meadows.
Elin Tice Station. S 4. of Staten Island
Robbins Keef
1839
1853 1
light built in 1826.
50 150
1856
89 66
1828
10
ring, de.
from base. in fect.
Fishets Island Sound ... (s. side main en-) trance Fond ...... ; v. point Island.
v. side of Sonthold ( Middle ground of ) 1
Stratford Shoals .j Brook haven
:4 34
1857
253.50
121
COMMERCE.
Lifeboat Stations have also been established by the General Government upon the sea- coast and great lakes. On the shores of Long Island and the adjacent islands are 30 lifeboat sta- tions, the first of which were established about 1850. Each of these consists of a house, containing a lifeboat, boat wagon, life ears, mortar for throwing lines, and every fixture that could be used in affording aid to vessels in distress. The houses are furnished with stoves for warming them when necessary, and with fucl and matehes for kindling a fire on short notice. They are each intrusted to a local agent, and are under the general care of a superintendent appointed by the Secretary of the Treasury. Their location is indicated on the map.
Coast Survey .- A survey of the coast, with soundings of its adjacent waters, was ordered by the General Government about 50 years since; but many years were necessarily employed in making preliminary arrangements. Active surveys were begun about 1832, and during the last 15 years they have been prosecuted with great effect. The triangulations of this survey are conducted with great precision, and extend up all rivers navigable from the sea as far as tide flows.
Light Houses, continued.
NAME.
Location.
Distance visible in
nautical miles.
Fixed or revol-
Color of tower.
Height of tower
Height of light
above water.
When built.
When rofitted.
Order of lens.
Remarks.
Catskill Reach
(Half way Athens and Catskill, E. of river
10
Fixed
White. ...
32
38
1854
.....
6
Prymes ITook
2 mi. x. Hudson, E. side W. side. Half way Athens and Cox- sackie ..
10
32
38
1851
1854
6
Four Mile Point.
10
...
20
35
1854
...
6
Coxsackie.
[ w. side. N. end of Cow Island
10
32
38
1829
1854
6
On keeper's house.
Stuyvesant
1 K. side.
10
32
38
1829
1854
6
New Baltimore ..
E. side on island
Five Hook Island
C'alvers Plat Island
Conymens Bar.
N. end Poplar Island
66
:
2.5
1857
Cow Island.
E. side near Castleton ... f E. of ilike below Al- ) bany. w. side ... . } 1
...
15
15
1854
€
Split Rock
Near Essex.
15
100
1838
1Siti
Cumberland Head
Near Plattsburgh
12
Point an Roche.
w. of Lake Clmuuplain .. ... Mouth of Oswegatchie .. 12
"
White
30
1834
1555
1
Building. (158.) Light on keeper's
Cross Over Island
Above Oak Point.
12
25
37
1847
1855
4
Light on keeper's house.
Funken Rock
[ In front of Alexan-} dria Bay
9
66
28
31
1847
1855
6
Rock Island
Near Mullet Creek
9
27
39
1847
1955 6 Light house.
keeper's
Tihbytts Point.
( Entrance of St. Law- ) 1 rence
14
4 Rebuilt 1854.
Gallon Island
w. side island.
14
1 Shoal N. w. 1 mi.
Horse Island
Near Sackets Harbor
11
34
42
1820 1831
1857 1957
5 Light on keeper's dwelling.
Stony Point
On Stony Point.
11
Revolving.
6.
34
39
1837
1857
5 Light. on Zwelling.
keeper's!
Salmon River
v. side entrance harbor ..
9
Fixed
46
49
1838
1855
keeper's
Oswego
w. pier harbor
14
45
59
1837
1835
1
Big Sodus Bay
w. of Soins Harbor
13
Revolving Fixed
37
81
1822
1855
1 Lake coast and liar- bor light.
Genosee Beacon
6
22
28
1822
6
Frame. Harbor light
Niagara Fort.
End of w. pier. Ontlet of Niagara River.
14
Black Rock Beacon ...
[ Near hvad Niagara } River ..
10
=
13
25
1853
Horse Shoe Reef.
Entrance Niagara River s. pier. Harbor.
16
Fixed
51
65
1828
1.67
c: +
Cattiraugus.
f w. pier. Cattaraugus ) Creek
9
35
44
1847
...
Rebuilt 1957.
: Dunkirk
Harbor
16
Flashing .. Fixed .6
50
87
1837
1557
3 lake coast light.
Dunkirk Beacon
Barcelona.
9 Pier w. side harbor Portland or Barcelona .. 14
25 10
80
1557 1829
Harbor light on pier. 'Lighted with natural gas. No harbor at this place.
Besides the above. there are nine State lights established in 1856 in the marshy " Narrows" at the head of Lake Champlain. Big Sales Beacon was destroyed in a gate in 1857.
A flashing light has been authorized at Crown Point.
20
21
1854
1857
1857
Schod :ck Channel.
w. side Mutis Plat ...
...
20
21
1854
6
36
55
1837
1855
5
.....
47
67
1827
59
50
64
1825
1858
1 Lake coast light.
Genesce
w. of entrance to river .. 14
44
78
1813
1855 1857 1 On mess house. Fort Niagara.
14
Flashing ...
50
50
1856
Lake coast light.
Buffalo
1
-
6
Van Wiea Point
1957
Ogdensburgh
honse.
6 Light on dwelling.
40
..
51
25
from base.
ring, de.
122
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
There are lifeboats on Lake Ontario at Tibbetts Poiut, Sandy Creek, Salmon River, Oswego, Sodus, Genesee River, and Niagara River, which were supplied by the U. S. Government in the smiminer of 1854. Several have also been placed on Lake Erie. None of those on the lakes have been provided with houses, exeept such as have been erected by the persons having them in charge. .
Immigration into the U. S. for many years past has been very great ; but the proportion landing in New York has been less than the relative amount of trade. Other routes in some respects afford superior facilities for immigration. The large number of ships arriving in Canada without cargoes favors immigration to a great extent; and hundreds of thousands of immigrants have crossed into this State from Canada without their names ever appearing on the U. S. Govern- ment records. These immigrants have consisted chiefly of Irish and Germans ; though there has also been a large number of English, Seotch, and Norwegians. The greater part of the immi- grants either locate in the cities or immediately pass on to the wild lands of the West. The En- glish and Seotch usually prefer to settle in Canada.1
Assay Office .- By an act of 1853, the Secretary of the Treasury was directed to establish an assay office at New York, for the special accommodation of the business of the city. At this place the owners of gold or silver bullion, or of foreign eoin, may deposit the same, have its value aseertained, and certifieates issued payable in coin of the same metal as that deposited, either at the office of the assistant treasurer in New York, or at the Mint in Philadelphia. The metal assayed may, at the option of the owner, be east into bars, ingots, or discs, of pure metal, or of standard fineness, and stamped with a device designating its weight and fineness. This office is under the general direction of the Director of the Mint, in subordination to the Secretary of the Treasury. The Assay Offiee is located on Wall St., adjacent to the Custom House, and is fitted up with every applianee for carrying on its operations upon a very extensive seale. Its lofty chinmey, emitting dense, orauge colored fumes of nitrie acid, forms a conspicuous objeet in the district. About 50 men are employed upon the premises. Its officers are a superintendent, treasurer, as- sayer, melter, and refiner, with their assistants and elerks. The site of the Assay Office was bought Aug. 19, 1853, for $553,000, and the premises were fitted up and completed Oct. 9, 1854, at a total cost of $761,493.62.2
The Mail Service of the State of New York forms about 5 per cent. of the whole U. S. in miles, and 7 per cent. in cost, while the receipts from postage iu this State amount to 22 per cent.
1 Passengers arriving by Sea at New York since 1820.
1854
1855
6.182
20.441.>13.63
1857 ..
2.760
9.455.721.00
1858 to June 30
7.946
21.970,052.\3
Total.
22,509
$74,162,096.16
1420
3.534
1830
13 748
1840
60,609
1849
213,736
1821
4.038
1831
10.737
1841
55.885
1$50
1×4,882 204.445
1.22
4.116
1832
|28.914
1×42
74.014
1851
1823
4.247
1833
39.440
1843
35.930 1 59 .. 62 |
1852 1853
303.153 294.818
1825
7,662
1-35
32.715
1845
1854
327.976
1820
6.908
1×36
58,617
1646
1855
161.490
1827
12.602
51.675
1847
1856
162,108
1828
19,800
1×38
24.935
1948
1857
203,500 Total
$72.749.052.73
$2.208.331.45 72,749.052.73
Total gold and silver
.$75,047,974.18
Proportion of the above payable in fine bars. $47.517 597.00
66
coin 27.230.377.15
Total .. $75,047.974.18
Amounts transmitted to the Mint for Coining.
Cold
From Oct. 10 to Drc. 31. 1854 .. SA. 142.202 60
From Jan. 1 to Dec. 31. 1sås.
7.722.476 47
From Jan. 1 to Dec. 31, 15. 6.
5.797352.33
412,010116
From Jan. 1 to Dec. 31, 1557
9,587.028.89
1.842.5 8.71
Years.
Fine Gold bars.
Value.
Fine Silver bars.
Tulue.
1854
1855
6.182
1856
4 727
19.396,046.89
52
$6.792 00
1557
2.250
9.335.414.00 550
123.317.00
1858 to .Func 30.
7.052
21,798.691.04
894
171,961.79
Total 21,013
$73,800.024.74
1,496
$502,071.79
Gold. $9.260. 93.69
Silver.
From Oct. 10 to Dec. 31, 1854.
$76.307.00
From Jan. 1 to Dec. 31. 1456 ..
26.667.701.24
350.150.08
From Jan. 1 to Dec. 31, 1856,
17.803.692.40
474.161.38
From Jan. 1 to Dec. 31, 1:57.
18,907.365.40
1,397.502.99
1829
14,814
1839
47, 688
No. of pas-
sengers.
Years.
No. of pas-
sengers.
Fears.
No. of pas- sengers.
Years.
No. of pas-
Total Pieces. 822
$2.885.059.18
1856
4.799
19,402.839.52
1824
4.5 9
1434
46.053
1844
76.514 98.863
145.830 160,994
Until 1850 these returns were made up to Sept. 30; but since 1851 they began upon Jan. 1 each year. The number between Sept. 30 and Dec. 31, 1850, not included in the above, was 38,831. The total number of passengers who arrived in the U. S. from 1820 to 1858 was 4,482,837, of which number 3,028,225 arrived in New York.
2 The establishment of a mint at New York has been repeat. edly urged, and the addition of coining machinery to the exist- ing Assay Office could be made at a moderate expense.
Amounts Assayed at the U. S. Assay Office in New York.
Total $27,970 260.29
Cost of transportation from the Assay office to the Mint and return :-
On gold. $1 per $1.000. $27.3 4 17
On silver, $3 per $1.000
Total $34.930.15
Total Value.
sengers.
Years.
$2.888,059.18 20.441.813.63
Amounts Deposited.
123
COMMERCE.
of the whole sum collected, and exceed by over $300,000 per annum the expenses of the establish- ment within its borders. The total expenses iu the U. S. overrun the receipty by about $3,500,000 annually.1
There were four Distributing Post Offices in New York, Jan. 1, 1859, located respectively at New York, Albany, Troy, and Buffalo. The Troy post office was discontinued as a distributing office July 1, 1859.
1 Post Office Summary for the year ending June 30, 1858.
New York State.
United States.
Length of routes in miles ..
13.078 4,961
260,603 53.700
Transportation in coaches, miles,
cost.
$109.490
$1,999,844
Cape Vincent ... ..
Kingston.
in steamboats, miles.
168
17,043
Fort Covington ...
Doudee.
by railroad, miles.
2,594
24,431
Movers.
Irmingford.
cost
$333,163
$2.828.301
Morristown ..
Brock ville.
66
mode not specified, miles
5,055
165.429
Ogdensburgh
Prescott.
"
66
cost ...
$68.100
$1.823,357
Oswego
Kingston. By steamer in sum- iner.
Total number of uriles by coaclies
2,430,792
19.555.734
Plattsburgh
Montreal, St. Johns.
66
railroads
3,961,795
1.468.312
28.876.695
Sackets Harbor.
Kingston. By steamer in sum- mer.
Number of mail routes.
828
8,296
66
route agents
55
440
Troy.
Whitehall
St. Johns.
Youngstown.
Ningara.
From New York City to every port and country with which the U. S. Ims postal arrangentents.
Mail Routes in New York by Railroad and Steamboat.
TERMINI.
Distances.
.Vn. of trips per Annual pay. wreck.
Total annual cost.
Number of Roude.
BY RAILROAD. (June 30, 1858.)
460
19
$02,000
$117.478
1.026
New York to Albany
141
19
32.400
44.612
1.002
New York to Chatham Four Corners.
130!
5.693
8.865
1,003
Brooklyn to Greenport.
18
6
814
691
1.032
Iludson to West Stockbridge, Mass.
35
6
1.750
1,770
1,064
Albany to Buffalo.
299
25
51.600
62.442
1.073
Albany to Troy.
-1
13
1.050
1.050
1.074
Albany to Eagle Bridge.
33
12
2.529
3,946
1,075
Troy to North Bennington, Vt ....
321
12
3,250
4.329
1.082
Troy to Schenectady ..
1.2
1,650
1.725
1.083
Troy to Saratoga Springs
32.81
12
3,2~1
4.942
1.084
Eagle Bridge to Rutland, Vt.
12
6.250
7.244
3.091
Saratoga Springs to Castletou, Vt ..
54
12
5,400
6.567
1,099
Plattsburgh to Canada Line.
23
6
986
1,163
1.122
Rouses Point to Ogdensburgh.
12
9.700
11.252
1 123
Watertown to North Potsdam.
6
3.500)
5.505
1.146
Utica to Boonville.
35
12
9.695
2.856
1.200
Rome to Cape Vincent.
18
20,500
23.099
1.228
Syracuse to Oswego.
3.047
3.463
1.229
Syracuse to Binghamton
41)
G
3,4220
4.952
1.230
Canandaigna to Elmira.
12
5.137;
6,524
1,269
Canaudaigua to Niagara Falls.
18
6.100
8.094
1.270
Rochester to Niagara Falls.
12
11.400
14,230
1.275
Rochester to Avon
18
11
6
550
650
1.390
Buffalo to Lockport
12
1.100
1.100
1.512
Buffalo to Lewiston
1.513
Buffalo to lornellsville ..
91
12
6.825
17.741
1.315
Corning to Batavia.
6
4.24h
7.5 3
1.849
Owego to Ithaca.
33
12
1.415
0.313
1,575
BY STEAMBOAT. (Sept. 30, 1858.)
13
6
300
1.004
Albany to New Baltimore ...
17
'11 (for 2)
4.800
1,108
Ithaca to Caynga
6
1.713
1.375
16
steamboats
108.944
4.569.610
Rochester.
Coburg. By steamer in suur- Ther.
Ronses Point.
St. Jolius.
every method.
7,969,843
78,765.491
Suspension Bridge
Suspension Bridge and Canada; Route agents. Montreal ; by through bag.
express agents.
11
28
2
43
mail messengers.
315
1,464
Exchange Offices under the postal arrangement with Canada.
IN THE UNITED STATES.
IN CANADA.
Black Rock. Buffalo.
Waterloo.
Toronto. Hamilton, London, and Queenston, (by through bags.) Fort Erie, and Ports Denver, Simroc, Rowan, Bur- well, Vienna, and Stauley, Montreil.
cost
$7.298
$1,233,916
Iwwistolt .
Qurenston.
Total cost of transportation.
$518,060
$7.795.418
25,763,452
modes not spe- cified
702
7,044
1S
11,147
1.007
Sufferns to Pierinont
×70
1.026
Newburgh to Chester.
19
Sackets Harbor to Pierrepont Manor
702
1.117
1.153
Schenectady to Ballston ..
150
1.164
Syracuse to Rochester ..
201
12
12
772
1,030
1.278
Batavia to Attica.
1,450
1.500
1.314
Buffalo to State Line.
179
19
13,00
44.7
1,076
Whit-hail to Plattsburgh.
monthis
10 975
1 .:: 10
New York to Dunkirk.
contractors.
local agents ..
New York to Manhasset.
97
75
124
NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER.
The Fisheries in New York, although considerable in amount, are quite subordinate te other branches of industry. The whale fisheries, formerly of great importance, are now chiefly limited to Sag Harbor, Greenport, and Cold Spring Harbor .? The shores and bays of Long Island support great numbers of fishermen, and the product of their labor chiefly finds a market in New York City.2 The Hudson yields shad, sturgeon, and other fish in great quantities ;3 and there are extensive fisheries upon the great lakes, especially near the E. end of Lake Ontario and in tho waters of Chaumont Bay." The waters of Lake Champlain and the St. Lawrence formerly abounded in salmon ; but, from the building of dams and mills, or other causes, the tributaries of these waters now afford but very small supplies. Trout and other fish highly prized for food abound in the clear mountain streams of Northern New York. Hundreds of millions of " bony fish" are taken annually around Long Island for manure; and the manufacture of oil from sharks, porpoises, and other fish has been at various times carried on with encouraging success. Numerous special laws have been passed for the preservation of fish in certain waters and at particular sea- sons ; but this is now made one of the subjects within the legislative jurisdiction of Boards of Supervisors.
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