USA > New York > Gazetteer of the State of New York: embracing a comprehensive view of the geography, geology, and general history of the State, and a complete history and description of every county, city, town, village, and locality, Part 1 > Part 43
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The rocks of this co. all belong to the Chemung and Catskill groups. The former-consisting of slaty sandstone and shales-occupy all the N. and w. portions of the co .; and the latter-consisting of gray and red sandstone, red shale, and slate-crown all the summits in the s. and w. portions. Drift-consisting of sand, gravel, clay, and hardpan-covers a large share of the more level parts of the co., the rocks only cropping out upon the declivities and summits of the hills. The valleys throughout the co. appear to have been excavated by the action of water, showing that a force immensely greater than any now in existence must once have swept over this portion of country. Weak brine springs were early found, extending for several mi. along the valley of Halfway Brook, in the N. part of this co.2 Several excavations have been made for coal, but without suc- cess, as all the coal measures are above the highest strata of rocks found in the eo.
The principal rivers are the Susquehanna,3 Delaware, Chenango, Tioughnioga,4 and Otselic. The Susquehanna enters the co. from the N., and flows in almost a due s. direction through Coles- ville and Windsor to the Great Bend in the State of Penn., whence, turning N., it again enters the co. in Conklin, flows through that town in a N. w. direction, and thence westerly to the w. border of the co. In the upper course of this river the valley is narrow and bordered by high and steep declivi- ties ; but further w. it expands into broad intervales bordered by gradually sloping hillsides. The whole valley is celebrated for its beauty. The majestic river, with its strong current of clear, sparkling water, the deep, rich intervalcs, and the beautiful slopes crowned with forests, all to- gether form a landscape rarely equalled for beauty and quiet repose. The Delaware forms a small portion of the E. boundary. It flows through a deep, rocky valley bordered by stcep and uften
1 Named from John Broome, of N. Y., then Lieut. Gov. of the | Onondaga brine, and that, to obtain water of the same amount State. For the complunent I.t. Gov. Broome presented the co. with a bandaomely executed silver seal, appropriately designed by himself. emblematical of the name.
2 A few years since, a boring was commenced in Lisle, on the site of an old deer lick, and was continued to a depth of more than 400 feet, without any practical result. The theory of the operators was, that the salt came from the satne source as the
of saltness, all that was necessary would be to bore to the geo- graphical level of those wells. Sulphur springs have been observed in Nanticoke, 14 mi. from Binghamton, and at Bellona. & Called by the Indians Ga-wa.nowa-na-neh, at the Great Island.
4 Indian name, O-nan'no-gi is'ka, Shagbark hickory.
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BROOME COUNTY.
precipitous hills. Chenango River enters the co. from the N. and flows in a general southerly direc- tion until it enters the Susquehanna at Binghamton. A broad intervale extends along the lower part of this river, but farther N. the high ridges shut close in on either side, confining the valley to very narrow limits. The Tioughnioga enters the co. from Cortland and flows s. E. until it unites with the Chenango at Chenango Forks. The valley of this river is very narrow, and is bordered by high and steep hillsides. Otselic River, also from the N., flows through a similar narrow valley and unites with the Tioughnioga at Whitneys Point. The other principal streams are Oquaga Creek, a tributary of the Delaware, Okkanum, Little Snake, Little and Big Choconut, and Nanticoke Creeks, tributaries of the Susquehanna, and Castle Creek, tributary of the Chenango.
The soil along the river intervales is generally very fertile, consisting of deep, sandy and gravelly loam mixed with disintegrated slate and vegetable mold. The narrow valleys of the smaller streams are also fertile. The soil upon the N. and w. hills consists principally of gravelly loam intermixed with clay and disintegrated shale, and is well adapted to grazing. The declivities of the s. and E. hills are similar to the last in character, but their summits are generally covered with clay and hardpan. The large proportion of upland and the unevenness of the surface render this co. best adapted to pasturage. While all branches of agriculture are pursued, fruit raising, and stock and wool growing, in connection with the products of the dairy, form the leading interests. A limited amount of manufacturing is carried on at Binghamton and several other places.
The co. seat is located at Binghamton, at the junction of the Chenango and Susquehanna Rivers.1 The courthouse, situated at the head of Chenango St., fronting Court St., is a fine stone and brick edifice, with a Grecian portico in the Ionic style. It contains the usual co. offices, and in many respects is a model building.2 The jail is on Ilawley St., at a little distance from the court- house.3 A fireproof co. clerk's office is situated adjacent to the courthouse. The co. poorhouse is located upon a farm of 130 acres 3 ini. N. of Binghamton. The average number of inmates is 45, kept at a weekly cost of $1 08 each, exclusive of the products of the farm, which are estimated at $800 per annum. The children are sent to the district school, and when of proper age are bound out. No religious instruction is afforded. The sexes are kept in separate buildings, and the general arrangement of the institution is such as to secure the health and comfort of the inmates.
The principal works of internal improvement are the Chenango Canal, connecting the Susque- hanna River at Binghamton with the Erie Canal at Utica; the N. Y. & Erie R. R., and the Syracuse, Binghamton, & N. Y. R. R." These various routes furnish all necessary facilities for traveling and commercial purposes, and bring the agricultural lands of the co. into close proximity to the great Eastern markets.5 Several plank roads have been built ; but they are now mostly abandoned. There are 6 newspapers published in the co.6
1 Binghamton (then "Chenango Point") was a half-shire of Tioga co. previous to the erection of Broomne co. The co. was divided into 2 jury districts in 1801, and a courthouse was built iu 1802. Previously the courts had been field a part of the time at the house of J. Whitney, in Binghamton. A courthouse was built in 1826, which was superseded by a new and elegant brick edifice in 1857. The first co. officers were John Patterson, First Judge ; James Stoddard, Amos Patterson, Daniel Iludson, Geo. Harper, and Mason Wattles, Associate Judges; Achiel Wells, Co. Clerk ; and Win. Woodruff, Sheriff. The first court was held on the 2d Tuesday of May, 1806.
2 This building was erected in 1857, at a cost of $32,000. It is 96 feet long by 58 wide. The front is ornaniented by a portico supported by 4 Ionic pillars 6 feet in diameter and 30 feet high. The basement is built of stone and the upper stories of brick. The rooms are all large, convenient, and well ventilated.
8 The portion of the jail containing the cells was built in 1858, at a cost of $15,000. In its construction due provisions were made for the safety, health, and classification of prisoners.
+ The Albany & Susquehanna R. R., now in process of con- struction, extends from Binghamton N. E. through the co. to Albany. This road will probably be completed in a few years. 6 The Delaware, Lackawanna, & Westeru R. R. connects with the N. Y. and Erie R. R. at Great Bend Station. just s. of the line of this co., thus forming a direct communication with the coal mines of E. Peun. Large quantities of this coal are sent over the Erie and the S. B. & N. Y. R. R., supplying the salt works at Syracuse and the markets in the w. part of the State; and a considerable amount is shipped on the canal at Bingham- ton.
. The American Constellation was pub. at Union Village (then in Tioga co.) in 1800.
The Broome Co. Patriot was commenced at Binghamton in 1812, by Chauncey Morgan. In 1815 it was changed to
The Phoenix, and was published by Morgan & Robinson. In 1819 it was discontinued.
The Republican Herald was commenced in 1818, and successively published by Morgan & Howard, Abraham Burrell, and Dorephus Abbey, until 1-22.
The Broome Republican was established at Bing- hamton in 1522, by Maj. Augustws Morgan. It was published by Morgan until 1824, by Morgan & Canoll until 182%, by Evans & Canoll until 1835, by Canoll & Cooke until 1839, when it passed into the hands of Davis & Cooke. It was continued by T. Cooke until 1848, and by E. R. Colston until 1849. It subsequently became the property of Wm. Stuart, and is now pub- lished daily and weekly.
The Evening Express, d., was issued from the Republican office in 1848.
The Daily Iris was started in 1849, by Win. Stuart and E. T. Evans. It was soon after changed to
The Binghamton Daily Republican, and is still published by Wm. stuart.
The Broome Co. Courier was started in 1831, by J. R. Orton, and was continued by him until 1:37. It then successively passed into the hands of sheldon & Marble; I. C. Shel- don; E. P. Marble; E. P. & J. W. Marble; and Marble & Johnson. In 1843 it was changed to
The Binghamton Courier and Broome Con. Democrat, and was published by J. & C. Orton. In 1846 it passed into the hands of N. S. Davis. In 1843 it passed into the hands of J. K. Dickinson and was changed to
The Binghamton Democrat. It is now published by Adams & Lawyer.
The Iris, semi-mno., Was started in July, 1839, by C. P. Cooke. In July, 1841, it was purchased by Edwin T. Evans, and by him it was enlarged and published weekly until 1853, when it was merged in the Binghamton Republican.
The Binghamton Standard was started in Nov. 1853, by J. Van Valkenburg, and is still published.
The Binghamton Mercury, semi-to., was issued a short time by Chester Dehart.
The Susquehanna Journal, started in Oct. 1853, by W. II. Pearne, was merged in the Broome Republican in 1855.
The Broome Ch. American was started in May, 1855, by Ransom Bostwick.
The Union News was established at Union in 1851, by
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BROOME COUNTY.
By a treaty held at Fort Herkimer, June 28, 1785, between the Governor and Commissioners of Indian Affairs in behalf of the State, and the Oneidas and Tuscaroras, the latter for $11,500 eeded all their lands, bounded N. by an E. and w. line from the Chenango to the Unadilla, 10 mi. above the mouth of the latter, E. by the Line of Property,1 s. by Penn., and w. by the Chenango and Susquehanna. At the Hartford Convention, in 1786,a traet of 230,400 acres, between the Chenango and Tioughnioga on the E. and Owego River on the w., was eeded to Massachusetts.2 This traet was afterward known as the " Boston Ten Towns," and was sold by Mass. (Nov. 7, 1787) to 60 persons for £1500. It is embraced in Broome, Tioga, and Cortland cos. The Indian title to this tract was extinguished in 1787, and the remaining Indian titles within the co. were extinguished by the treaty of Fort Stan- wix in 1788. The s. and E. parts of the eo. were granted to Hooper, Wilson, Bingham, Cox, and others, several of whom resided in Philadelphia.4
The first settlements in the eo. were made in the valleys of the Susquehanna and Chenango, in 1785. The settlers were people who had traversed the region in the Revolution; and they located while the country was still threatened with Indian hostilities, and before Phelps and Gorham had opened the fertile lands of Western N. Y. to immigration. The early settlement was retarded by a remarkable ice freshet in 1787-88, which destroyed most of the property of the settlers upon the river intervales. Scarcely less calamitous to life and property was the seareity that followed in 1789. Oquaga, on the E. branch of the Susquehanna, was a noted rendezvous of tories and Indians during the Revolution.5 Most of the invasions into the Schoharie and Mohawk settlements, as well as those upon the frontiers of Ulster and Orange eos., were by way of the Tioga and Susquehanna Rivers from Niagara; and this war path, with its sufferings and eruelties, has been often deseribed in the narratives of returned eaptives.
BINGHAMTON-was formed from Chenango, Dee. 3, 1855. It lies at the junetion of the Susquehanna and Chenango Rivers, and extends s. to the s. line of the co. The surface is hilly in the s., but the N. part embraces the wide and beautiful intervales extending along the two rivers at and near their junetion. The hills are 300 to 400 feet above the river, and are generally arable to their summits. The soil in the valleys is a deep, rich, alluvial and gravelly loam, and upon the hills it is a fine quality of slaty loam. Binghamton6 (p. v.) was ineorp. April 2, 1813. By a subsequent charter, passed May 3, 1834, its limits were enlarged and its territory was divided into 5 wards. It is beautifully situated on the N. bank of the Susquehanna at its junetion with the Chenango. It contains the State Inebriate Asylum,7 the Binghamton Academy, and the Susque- hanna Seminary,8 3 female seminaries,9 a commercial college,10 2 water cures,11 9 churches, 12 5 newspaper offices, and several manufactories. The village is an important station upon the Erie R. R., and is connected with Syracuse by the S. B. & N. Y. R. R. It is also the s. w. terminus of the Chenango Canal and of the Albany & Susquehanna R. R. It is the center of a large trade,
A. F. Quinlan. It was subsequently sold to Cephas Benedict and Ebenezer M. Betts, and is still published. The Broome County Gazette was commenced at Whitneys Point, in July, 1858, by G. A. Dodge, its present publisher.
1 This line was agreed upon at Fort Stanwix in 1768, and was surveyed by Simon Metcalf the next year. It forms the E. boundary of this co.
2 The s. bounds of this tract were to bo the N. line of the tract granted to Daniel Cox and Robert Lettice Hooper, and it was to extend as far N. as was necessary to include the above quantity of land. Upon survey it was found to overlap the Military Tract by 17,264 acres, which was allowed, and an equivalent was granted to the claimants under the latter in Junius, Seneca co .- Balloting Book, pp. 20, 23.
8 The partition of a part of this tract by lot was legalized March 3, 1789. in an act reciting the names of the 60 associates. -Laws of N. Y., Fol. Ed., 12th Sess., p. 76, Map No. 148, Stote Engineer and Surveyor's Office.
4 A tract of 1000 acres on both sides of the Susquehanna was sold to Jacob and John Springstead, Josiah, David, and Daniel Stow, David Hotchkiss, and Joseph Beebee, Other tracts were sold to Win. Allison. James Clinton, Isaac Melcher, Abijah Ham- mond, and others. The islands in the Susquehanna were bought by Jag. Clinton, at 4 shillings per acre.
5 This place is sometimes found written On-oh-ogh-wa-ge and Ogli-inaga. There is here a hill or mountain on both sides of the river, gently sloping from a beautiful vale of 3 or 4 mi. in lengthi and a mi. to a mi. and a half wide. When firat settled, it |C., and Af. Meth.
bore evidence of having long been ocenpied by the Indians. Apple trees of great nge were found growing. and traces of fortifications existed, supposed to have been erected by Gen. Clinton. Mission- ary labors were directed to this locality about the middle of the |(Oneida co.) iron ore. last century, and in 1753 the Kev Gideon Hawley was sent bither
from Mass .- Doc. Hist., III. 1031 ; Wilkinson's Binghamton. p. 142. 6 Binghamton was originally called "Chenango Point." Its present uaine was given in honor of William Ringham, the original purchaser of a large tract of land lying on both sides of the Susquehanna, and including the site of the village. Ile made liberal donations of land to the village.
7 The New York State Inebriate Asylum was incorp. in 1854 for the term of 50 years. It is designed for the medical treat- ment and restraint of inebriates. It owes its origin mainly ta the persevering efforts of Dr. J. Edward Turner. Every person donating $10 is deemed a subscriber and stockholder. The lauld- ing is located r. of the village, on a beautiful site, 240 feet above the water. It is 365 feet long by 82 tret broad, built of stone and brick in the Tudor castellated style of architecture. The citizens donated a farm of 250 acres, upon which the buildings are erectedl.
8 This institution is under the charge of the M. E. denomina- tion, and is designed for a large boarding school. The lmilling is a 4 story brick edifice, pleasantly located N. w. of the village upon an eminence overlooking the valley.
9 Kiver Side Seminary, established in 1848 by Miss R. S. In- gally: Miss Barton's Seminary, established in 1857; and Harmony Retreat Seminary, established in 1857 by Misses March.
10 Lowell & Warner's Commercial College.
11 Binghamton Water Cure, established in 1855 by O. V. Thayer, and the Mt. Prospect Water Cure, under the super- vision of J. U North.
12 2 M. E., and 1, cach, Bap., P'resb., Cong., Prot. E., Univ., R.
13 'l'here was transhipped from the Del., Lackawanna & Western R. R. cars to the Chenango canal boats, in 1857, 51,700 gross tons of coal, and from these boats to the cars 25,895 tons of Clinton
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and is an important point for the transhipment of eoal.18 Pop. 8,818. Hawleyton (p. o.) is a hamlet in the s. part, near the Penn. line. The first settlement was made in 1787, by emigrants mostly from New England.1 The first religious services were conducted by Rev. Mr. Howe, (Bap., ) in 1788. IIon. Daniel S. Diekinson is a resident of this town.
BARKER ?- was formed from Lisle, April 18, 1831. A part of Greene was annexed April 28, 1840. It lies upon Tioughnioga River, N. w. of the center of the eo. The surface consists of a high, broken plateau divided into two distinet parts by the valley of the river. The deelivities of the hills are in some places very steep; but their summits spread out into a broken region generally covered with timber and adapted to pasturage. The highest point, in the N. w. part of the town, is about 1400 feet above tide. The river valley is very narrow, but the limited amount of intervale is exeellent land. Halfway Brook flows through a narrow valley in the E. part of the town. In this valley brine springs have been found; and here also the unsuccessful boring for salt was made.3 The soil in the valley is a rich alluvium and gravelly loam, and that upon the hills is a elayey loam mixed with disintegrated slate and shale. Chenango Forks (p. v.) is situated mostly in this town, at the fork of Chenango and Tioughnioga Rivers. It is a station on the S. B. & N. Y. R. R. Pop. 506,-in Barker 287, in Chenango 127, and in Greene (Chenango co) 92. Barker is a p.o. in the central part of the town. The first settlement was made in 1791, by John Barker, from Branford, Conn." There are 3 churches in town.5
CHENANGO-was formed Feb. 16, 1791. Windsor was taken off in 1807, Conklin in 1824, and Binghamton and Port Crane in 1855. A part of Union was annexed Feb. 26, 1808, and a part of Maine, Nov. 27, 1856. It lies upon the w. bank of Chenango River, a little w. of the center of the eo. Its surface consists of the river intervale and several high ridges extending in a N. and s. direction and separated by the narrow valleys of small streams. The declivities of the hills are steep, and their summits are 300 to 600 feet above the valleys. Castle and Kattel Creeks, tributaries of Chenango River, are the principal streams. The former was named from the location of an Indian castle near its mouth, and the latter from a family of early settlers. The soil upon the N. hills is a gravelly loam mixed with disintegrated slate and underlaid by hard- pan, but farther s. it becomes a deeper and richer gravelly loam. It is productive, but, from its moist character, it is largely devoted to grazing. Stock growing and dairying form the leading branches of agricultural interest. Castle Creek (p. v.) is on the ereek of the same name, in the w. part of the town. Pop. 185. Glen Castle, (p. o.,) on a branch of the same stream, is in the central part. Chenango, (p. o.,) on Chenango River, is a station on the S. B. & N. Y. R. R. Kattelville is a hamlet on Kattel Creek. The first settlement was made in 1787, by Thos. Gallop.6 There are 4 churches in town.7
COLESVILLE8-was formed from Windsor, April 2, 1821. It lies upon the Susquehanna, E. of the center of the co. Its surface consists principally of a high and broken upland divided into 2 parts by the deep valley of the river. The summits of these uplands are 400 to 700 feet above the valley, and considerable portions are still covered with forests. The soil upon the river bottoms is a deep, fertile, gravelly loam, and upon the summits of the hills it consists of clay and slate. It is generally much better adapted to pasturage than tillage. Harpersville, (p. v.,) on Susquehanna River, contains 3 churches and has a pop. of 230. Center Village,9 (p. v.,) on the Susquehanna, has a pop. of 147. New Ohio, (p. o., ) in the N. part of the town, Osborne Hollow, (p. o., ) in the w. part, West Colesville, (p. o.,) in the s. w. part, Colesville, (p. o.,) s. of the center, Ouquaga, (p. o.,) and Nineveli, (p. o.,) on the Susquehanna. are hamlets. Valonia Springs and Unitaria are p. offiees. The first settlement10
1 Among theearly settlers were Capt. Joseph Leonard, Col. Wm. | that of Simeon Rogers and a daughter of John Barker, in 1792; Rose, the two brothers Whitney, - Lyon, Jesse Thayer, Peter the first birth. that of Chauncey, a son of Simeon Rogers, in 1793; and the first death, that of Thos. Gallop. the same year. Simeon Rogers opened the first inn, in 1795, kept the first store, and built the first mill. The first school was taught by Thos. Cartwright, in 1795. And Thos. Ingersoll, Saml. Harding, Capt. John Sawtell, -- Butler, and Solomon Moore. The first birth was that of Amasa Leonard, Sept. 23, 1786; the first marriage, that of Ezekiel Crocker and Polly Benton; and the first death, that of Mrs. Blunt. in 1737. Lewis Kecler opened the first inn, and Delano & 6 2 M. E. and Cong. Monroe the first store. Ezekiel Crocker erected the first grist- 6 Stephen Palmer and Jared Page were among the earliest settlers. The first birth was that of Sally Smith, in 1791. 7 3 M. E. and 1 Bap. mill, in 1794. The first school was taught by Col. Wm. Rose, in 1794. For details of early history see Wilkinson's Annals of Binghamtım. 8 Named from Nathaniel Cole, one of the first settlers.
3 Named from John Barker, the first settler.
3 See p. 178.
º At this place is a tannery, which turns out 50,000 sides of leather per annuin.
4 Simeon Rogers, John Allen. Asa Beach, and Sol. Rose, from 10 Lemuel and Nath'l Badger and Casper Spring settled in the Conn., settled in town in 1792. The first marriage was | town in 1786; Nathaniel and Vena Cole, Daniel Picket, Jed.
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was made in 1785, by John Lamphere, from Watertown, Conn. The first religious services were eondueted by Rev. Joseph Badger, in 1793. There are 10 churches in town.1
CONKLIN2-was formed from Chenango, March 29, 1824. A part of Windsor was taken off in 1831, and a part was annexed from Windsor in 1851. It lies upon the Susquehanna, s. of the center of the co. Its surface consists of the fine broad intervale of the river and high, broken uplands which rise upon each side. The summits of the hills are 400 to 600 feet above the valley. The declivities upon the w. side of the river are very steep, but upon the E. they are generally more gradual. Little Snake Creek flows in an easterly dircetion through the s. w. part. Its valley is narrow and is bordered by steep hills. The soil upon the summits of the hills is a hard clayey and gravelly loam largely intermixed with fragments of slate. In the valley the soil is a decp, rich alluvium and gravelly loam. Kirkwood (p.v.) is situated on the E. bank of the Susquehanna, in the s. part of the town. It is a station on the Erie R. R., and contains 25 houses. Conklin Center and Corbettsville are p. offices, and Millburn and Conklin are hamlets. At Millburn are extensive pyroligneous acid works. The settlement of the town was commeneed in 1788, at the mouth of Snake Creek, by Jonathan Bennett, Ralph Lathrop, and Waples Hance.3 The first religious services were conducted by Revs. David Dunham and John Leach, Methodist missionaries. There are 4 churches in town ; M. E., Presb., Bap., and Christian.
LISLE --- was formed from Union, April 7, 1801. Nanticoke, Barker, and Triangle were taken off in 1831. The line of Berkshire was altered in 1812, and a part was annexcd to Union in 1827. It is the N. w. corner town of the co. The surface is mostly a hilly and broken upland, divided by the valley of Tioughnioga River into 2 unequal parts. The summits of the hills are 400 to 700 feet above the river, and their declivities are generally steep. Dudley or Yorkshire Creek flows easterly through near the center of the town, its narrow valley breaking the continuity of the w. ridge. The soil along the valley is a rich, gravelly loam, but upon the hills it consists of clay and a slaty gravel underlaid by hardpan. The declivities of the hills are usually too steep for easy culti- vation, and the soil upon the summits is a moist elay loam, better adapted to grazing than grain growing. Lisle (p. v.) is situated on the w. bank of the Tionghnioga. It is a station on the S. B. & N. Y. R. R., and contains about 30 houses. The old Catskill & Ithaca Turnpike, built in 1796, crossed the river at this point. Yorkshire, (Center Lisle p. o., ) near the center of the town, contains about 30 houses. Killawog, (p.o.,) in the N. part, on the Tioughnioga, is a station on the S. B. & N. Y. R. R. The first settlement was made in 1791, by emigrants from N. E.5 The first religious serviees were conducted in 1795, by Rev. Seth Williston. There are 5 churches in town.6
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