Gazetteer of the State of New York: embracing a comprehensive view of the geography, geology, and general history of the State, and a complete history and description of every county, city, town, village, and locality, Part 1, Part 57

Author: French, J. H. (John Homer), 1824-1888, ed. cn; Place, Frank, 1880-1959, comp
Publication date: 1859
Publisher: Syracuse, N.Y. : R. Pearsall Smith
Number of Pages: 772


USA > New York > Gazetteer of the State of New York: embracing a comprehensive view of the geography, geology, and general history of the State, and a complete history and description of every county, city, town, village, and locality, Part 1 > Part 57


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ALTONA-was formed from Chazy, Dee. 2, 1857. It is an interior town, lying N. of the center of the eo. Its surface is a rolling upland, with a slight inelination toward the N. E. The w. half is underlaid by Potsdam sandstone, and hundreds of aeres are covered with the naked roek. Great Chazy River is the principal stream. The soil is light and sandy, and a large share of it is unfit for cultivation. A few settlements are scattered through the town, and the people are mostly engaged in lumbering. There is no village or p. o. in town. Chazy, in the N. part, is a station on the N. R. R. Ellenburgh Depot lies on the w. line. The first settler was Simeon Wood, who located in town in 1800.2 The town embraces parts of the Refugee Traet and Duerville Patent. The first church (French Bap.) was formed Jan. 1, 1856.


AU SABLE3-was formed from Peru, March 29, 1839. It is the s. E. corner town in the oo. Its surface is nearly level in the E., rolling in the center, and hilly in the w. The highest summits are 500 to 600 ft. above the lake. Au Sable River forms the s. boundary, and the Little Au Sable flows N. E. through the w. part. The soil is generally a light, sandy loan, moderately fertile in the E. and center and nearly unfit for cultivation in the w. Upon the Au Sable where it breaks through the Potsdam sandstone is a beautiful eascade known as Birmingham Falls.4 Iron ore of an excel- lent quality is found in abundance.5 Keeseville,6 (p. v.,) upon the Au Sable, 5 ini. from the lake, contains 7 churches, the Keeseville Academy, 2 extensive rolling mills, 3 nail factories, a machine shop, an ax and edge tool factory, a eupola furnace, an axletree factory, a horseshoe factory, a planing mill, 2 gristmills, and a nail keg factory." Pop. 2,569, -- of whom 1,999 are in Au Sable and 570 are in Essex eo. Clintonville, (p. v., ) upon the Au Sable, in the w. part of the town, was incorp. April 11, 1825. It contains 2 churches and an extensive iron manufactory.8 Pop. 855. New Sweden, (p. v.,) upon the Au Sable, in the s. w. corner of the town, contains 2 forges and 150 inhabitants. Birmingham Falls, at the head of the rapids upon the Au


1 The act making this grant bears date of May 11, 1782. The names of Canadian refugees were reported by Brig. Gen. Moses Hazen and Col. Jeremiah Throop, and those of the Nova Scotia refugees by Col. James Livingston. The small lots were laid out in narrow strips fronting upon the lake, and the remainder in the rear. These lands were distributed among 252 persons, who drew the lots by ballot. The greater part of the tract was not occupied in the time specified by the act, and reverted to the State.


2 Among the early settlers were Lyman Clothier, Eliphalet Hascall, Daniel and Robert Baker, Thos. Cudworth, Simon Good- speed. and Daniel Robinson. The first birth was that of Matilda K. Wood, May 30, 1802. Sarah Stockwell taught the first school, in 1804; and Lyman Clothier kept the first inn.


8 Pronounced An Saw/ble, a French name signifying river of sand. The name is said to have been derived from a sandy bar at the month of the river.


4 This cascade is located aboat 2 mi. below Keeseville. From the face of the cliff the river has worn back a ragged and irre- gular chamel in the solid sandstone for a distance of nearly 2 mi. and to the depth of 100 to 130 fret. The rocks that border it are perpendicular, and in some places overhanging, so that the water can scarcely be seen from the banks above. At several points this ravine is compressed to a width of less than 30 feet. The river phinges Into the chasm in & perpendicular ilescent of 70 feet, and struggles through the tortnous channel, foaming, whirling, and eddying over its rocky bed.


6 The Arnold ore bed, 2} mi. N. w. of Clintonville, was first opened in 1809. The shaft is 350 feet deep, and the ore is raised by steam. For many years the average annual yield has been 1,000 tons; and for 5 years before 1856 it was 1,500 tons. There are 5 veins, with a total width of 25 feet, yielding ores of different qualities. This mine has supplied the forges of Jay, Wilmington, and Chesterfield, in Essex co., and of Peru, Au Sable, and Black Brook, in Clinton co. Other ore beds are found, of which the Finch vein, a continuation of the Arnold, is the only one now worked. It has supplied the forge in Jay. The ore from this bed is a peroxid, and may be worked without washing or other separation.


6 Named from Richard and Oliver Keese, sons of John Keese, one of the original proprietors. The two parts of the village are connected by 3 bridges,-one of stone, one of wood, and one an iron suspension foot bridge. The stone bridge is a single arch of 110 feet.


7 About 3.500 tons of nails and 1.500 tons of mmerchant iron and 70.000 nail keys are manufactured here annually. The first rolling mill in the State was established here. in 1>16.


8 The Peru Tron Co. was incorp. Nov. 11, 1824, with a capital of $200,000. The iron works built by them at Clintonville al bre- quently passed into the hands of Francis Salters, and are now owned by him and his sons. In one building are 20 forge fires, and the blooms made are entirely worked up into merchant iron, of which 7,500 tons are produced annually.


236


CLINTON COUNTY.


Sable, contains 20 houses. The Union is a hamlet, on the line of Peru, and contains two Quaker meetinghouscs. Edward Everett located upon the site of The Union in 1786.1 The first religious society (Friends) was organized in 1799.2


BEEKMANTOWNS-was formed from Plattsburgh, Feb. 25, 1820. Dannemora was taken off in 1854. It lies upon Lake Champlain, near the center of the E. border of the co. The surface is level in the E. and moderately hilly in the w. Its streams are small crecks and brooks. St. Armands Bay extends into the s. E. corner. Point au Roche and Rams Head are capes upon the lake. The soil is a clay loam in the center and E., and a light sand in the w. A spring emitting sulphuretted hydrogen and carbonic acid gases is found in town. Beekmantown (p.o.) and East Beekmantown (p. o.) are hamlets. The first settlers were Maj. Benj. Moocrs and 7 associates, who located at Point au Roche Aug. 10, 1783.4 The British passed through the town in 1814, and on the 6th of Sept. a slight skirmish took place, in which several were killed.5 The census reports 4 churches ; 3 M. E. and 1 Presb.


BLACK BROOK®-was formed from Peru, March 29, 1839. It is the s. w. corner town in the co. Its surface is a rocky and mountainous upland, the highest summits being 1,500 to 2,500 ft. above the lake. Among the mountains are several nearly level table lands 200 to 300 ft. above the general level. Ledges, crags, and boulders cover a large share of the surface. The forest trees are thinly scattered, and nearly the whole town is too rough and poor for cultivation. Sara- nac River flows across the N. w. corner, and the Au Sable forms a portion of the s. boundary. Great Black Brook and Little Black Brook, tributaries of the Au Sable, drain the central parts of the town. In the mountainous region are several small lakes or ponds, the principal of which are Mud, Sampson, Taylors, Slush, and Military Ponds. The soil is cold, wet, and unpro- ductive. Extensive beds of iron ore are scattered through the town.7 The people are principally engaged in the manufacture of iron8 and charcoal, and in lumbering.9 Au Sable Forks, (p. v., ) on the Au Sable, in the s. E. part of the town, is mostly on the s. bank of the river, in Essex co. Black Brook, (p. v.,) near the s. border, contains extensive iron works, several sawmills, and about 85 houses. Clayburgh, on the Saranac, in the N. part, lies partly in the town of Saranac. It contains iron works and 30 houses.1º Union Falls (p. o.) and Garlick Falls, (p.o.,) both on the Saranac, are hamlets and lumber stations. The first settler was Zephaniah Palmer, who located at Au Sable Forks about 1825.11 The census reports one church (R. C.)


CHAMPLAIN-was formed March 7, 1788. Chateaugay (Franklin co.) was taken off in 1799, and Moocrs and Chazy in 1804. It lics upon Lake Champlain, in the N. E. corner of the co. Its surface is generally level, with a gentle slope toward the lake. The crest of a swell of land between Champlain Village and Rouses Point is about 200 fect above the lake. Great Chazy or Champlain River flows in a tortuous course through the town and discharges its waters into


1 Among the other early settlers were John Keese and his sons Richard, John, Oliver, Stephen, and William, Caleb Green and his sons Henry, Rodman, John, and James, Peter Halleck, Danl. Jackson, Gilbert and Gerrit Thew, John Haff, Elisha Arnold, and John Stanton, about 1795. The first child born was in the family of John Stanton, abont 1795. The mother of this child was a servant girl in the family. The wife, not being exactly reconciled to thio circumstance, insisted upon being immediately taken to her friends in Dutchess co. It being winter, the husband took her upon a hand sled and drew her upon the lake to " Skenesborough," thence to Fort Edward, and down the Hudson to her father's, after which he returned to Au Sable, having been 5 weeks in performing the journey. Upon his return he married the mother of the child, and lived with her many years. The first school was taught in 1791, by - Thompson ; the first inn was kept by Joel Buck, in 1800; and the first forge was erected by Geo. Griswold, in 1812.


2 The census reports 8 churches in town ; 2 Cong., 2 M. E., 2 Friends, Presb., and R. C.


8 Named from Wm. Beekman. to whom. with 29 others, the town was granted March 27, 1769. It embraced 22,475 acres.


4 Mooers was appointed to survey the Refugee Tract. After several years he removed to Cumberland Ilend, and afterward to Plattsburgh. Thos. Treadwell, Ezekiel Hubbard, Henry Dem- ing. Jonathan Scribner, Abner Pomeroy, Simon Newcomb, jr., Capt. lolin Jersey, and Joseph Main settled near Beekmantown Corners; Philip Roberts. Henry Barnes, Ephraim and Ainos Moores and John Deming were also among the early settlers. The first birth was that of Silas Pomeroy; the first marriage, that of Eli Howe and Miss Hubbard, in 1794; and the first death, that of a child of Simon Newcomb.


6 Among the killed were Lieut. Col. Willington and Ensign Chapman, of the enemy, and several of the American militia .- Palmer's Hist. Lake Champlain, p. 152.


6 Named from its principal stream. The town comprises por-


tions of the Old Military Tract and of Livingston's Patent. The military lands were finally conveyed to Benj. Birdsall and his associates by act of Feb. 4, 1793. to satisfy claims growing out of the suppression of the lease of all of the Indian lands in the State for 999 years .- Folio Laws, XVI. Sess .. p. 24. Clark's Ilist. Onon., vol. I, p. 368.


7 The Palmer Mine, 2 mi. N. of An Sable Forks. was discovered by Z. Palmer in 1825. It is situated on a hill 400 to 500 feet above the river. The ore is raised by steath, and the yield is 16.000 to 20.000 tons per year. The Myers Mine, at Clayburgh, has been worked since 1846. It yields annually 1,500 tons of ore, principally used in the manufacture of wire, tacks, and small nails. The Trombois Mine was discovered in 1845. and about 10.000 tons of ore liave been raised. The iron made from it is soft and tough, and is principally used in the manufacture of boiler plates, horse nails, and car axles.


8 The Sable Tron Company have extensive works at An Sable Forks and at Black Brook, and they manufacture 2,600 tons of blooms, 900 tons of merchant iron, 50,000 to 55,000 kegs of nails. and 1,600.000 bush. of charcoal per annum. 2,500 tons of blomins are manufactured at their establishment at Black Brook alone. The Co. was incorp. In Sept. 1834, and the stock is how owned by J. & J. Rogers.


º There are 8 to IO large sawmills in town.


10 The products of the Myers Mine are principally mannfac- tured at this place. A water-power near the mine is improved, and a forge of 5 fires is in active operation. A steam forge and steam hammer for the manufacture of R. R. axles was in opera- tion here about 4 years.


11 Several plank roads have been built in this town to facilitate the iron and lumber business. -- Curtis kept the first inn. near the center, in 1828. Halsey Rogers and John McIntyrs located in town in 1830. The Sable Iron Co. erected the first forge the same year.


237


CLINTON COUNTY.


Kings Bay. It is navigable to near Champlain Village. Corbeau Creek, its tributary, is the other principal stream. Point au Fer1 and Stony Point are two capes projecting into the lake. The soil is a clay or clayey loam. Pcat is found in numerous localitics. Champlain, (p. v.,) upon the Chazy, near the N. line of the town, contains the Champlain Academy, 3 churches, 2 founderies, a linen factory, planing mill, and carriage factory.2 Pop. 1,473. Perrys Mills' (p.o.) is a lumber station upon the Chazy, in the N. w. corner of the town. Rouses Point,' (p. v.,) upon the lake, in the N. E. corner of the town, contains 3 churches, a brewory, newspaper office, and extensive depôts and repair shops belonging to the Northern R. R. Co. It is divided into the Upper and Lower Villages, the latter being about twice as large as the former. Pop. 1,769. Coopersville,5 or Corbeau, is a village upon Chazy River, opposite the mouth of Corbeau Creek. It contains 1 church and 40 houses. The first settlers were Canadian and Nova Scotia refugees, who located in town soon after the Revolution. The first English settler was Pliny Moore, who came in to reside in 1789.6 The census reports 4 churches in town.7


CHAZY8 -- was formed from Champlain, March 20, 1804. Altona was taken off in 1857. It lies upon Lake Champlain, N. of the center of the co. Its surface is rolling and has a gentle incli- nation toward the E. The principal stream is the Little Chazy, flowing N. E. through near the center. Corbeau Creek flows through the N. border. Potsdam sandstone underlies the w. part, and Chazy and Trenton limestone the E. Tertiary clay extends along the lake shore. The soil is clayey and productive in the central and E. parts, but sandy in the w. Chazy, (p. v.,) upon Little Chazy River, contains 2 churches and a saw and grist mill. Pop. 326. West Chazy, (p. v.,) upon Little Chazy River, in the s. w. part of the town, contains 2 churches, a saw and grist mill, and starch factory. Pop. 280. It is a station on the P. & M. R. R. Sciota (p.v.) is a station on the P. & M. R. R., in the N. w. corner of the town. Chazy Landing is a hamlet on the lake shore. Ingraham is a p. o. in the s. E. corner. The first settler was John La Trombois,9 who came in town in 1763. After the Revolution the first settlers were refugees from Canada and Nova Scotia. Of these, Lieutenant Murdock McPherson was the first onc that could speak English.10 The census reports 5 churches in town.11


CLINTON-was formed from Ellenburgh, May 14, 1845. It is the N. w. corner town in the co. Its surface is generally level, with a gentle inclination toward the N. w. The highest points along its s. border are about 1,050 feet above Lake Champlain. A portion of the surface is undu- lating. It is nearly all underlaid by Potsdam sandstone, which here is remarkably white. The streams are small brooks. More than three-fourths of the town is yet a wilderness. The soil is a light, sandy loam, capable of supporting but a thin growth of forest trees. A large part of the land is owned by capitalists and speculators. Cherubusco, (p.o.,) the summit station upon tho O. R. R., The Frontiers, (Frontier p. o.,) and Wrightsville, upon the w. border, are hamlets. This town lies within No. 6 of the Old Military Tract. The first settlers located upon the Old Military Road and near The Frontiers.12 A M. E. church has lately been organized.


DANNEMORA18-was formed from Beekmantown, Dec. 14, 1854. It is the central town upon the w. border of the co. Its surface is mostly a wild, mountainous upland, covered with a sandy soil and light growth of forest trces. Chazy Lake, near the center, 3} miles long by 1}


1 Called Point au Fer (Fire Point) upon a map bearing date | and others, in 1785. He erected the first saw and grist mills. in of 1748. During the Revolution, the Moira, a vessel of war, 1789. Among the other early settlers vere Elnathan Rogers, Wm. Beaumont, Chas. L. Sailly, Samuel Ashinan, Joseph Corbin, Silas Hubbell, Elias Dewey, Charles Bedlow, David Savage, and Benj. Tyler. anchored off this point, and barracks were built upon the land for the winter quarters of the marines. The place was occupied by the British until 1796. It was reserved by the State in 1787 for military purposes, but was not used.


2 This place contains a fine water-power, and a large amount of manufacturing is carried on. The greater part of the lumber brought down by the Ogdensburgh R. R. is shipped here.


3 Named from Geo. Perry, former proprietor.


4 Named from Jacques Ronse, a Canadian, who settled here in 1783. This village has grown to importance since the comple- tion of the R. R. The passenger and freight depots are both among the largest R. R. structures in the State. A brilge a mi. long here crossrs the lake. A floating draw of 300 feet. opeued and sbut by steam, admits the passage of vessels. About one mi. N. of the village, upon the banks of the lake, Fort Mont- gomery Is situated. This fort commands the entrance to the lake. It was begun soon after the War of 1812; but in 1818 it was found to be within the limits of Canada, and the work was abandoned. It became known as " Fort Blunder ;" but by the Webster Treaty of 1842 it was ceded again to the U. S. Work upou it has been resumed ; and it is estimated that the completed works will cost $600,000, of which sum $275,000 has already been expended.


5 Named from Ebenezer Cooper. who erected mills there.


6 Moore came in to survey the tract granted to Smith, Graves, | Sweden.


7 M. E., Prot. E., Presb., and R. C. Since 1855, 3 churches have been organized at Ronses Point ; R. C., M. E., and Prot. E. 8 Pronounced Sha-zee. It included the patent granted to Elkanah Dean and 29 others, July 11, 1709.


9 Ile was accompanied by two men, named Gonde and Swarte. Ile was driven off in 1776, but returned after the war, and died there in 1810 .-- Palmer's Hist. Lake Champlain, p. 80.


10 Among the early settlers were Levi Hazen, Septa Fillinore, John Bronson, Elisha Ransom, George Root, and John Douglas. Miss M. Bingham taught the first school, in 1862.


11 2 M. E .. Bap .. Cong., and Wes. Meth.


1º Among these early settlers were Junio Howard, Calvin John- son, C. A. Smith, Ebenezer Gates. George Peters, and Stephen Martin, mostly from Vt. The first child born was l'heda S. Howard, Feb. 7. 1819; the first marriage. that of Cornelius Aug- tin und Fanny Hall, in 1822; and the first death, that of a child of William Hunter. in 1820. Mary Emmends taught the first school, in 1821 : Benjamin Roberts kept the first inn; Charles D. Bachus the first store, in 1855; and John McCoy erected the first sawmill.


13 Named by Geu. Skinner, from a celebrated iron locality in


238


CLINTON COUNTY.


wide, discharges its waters E. into Chazy River. Upper Chateaugay Lake, on the w. border, 5 mi. long by 1} broad, discharges its waters w. into Chateaugay River. The few settlements in town are confined to the s. E. corner. Dannemora (p. v.) is a small village grown up around the Clinton Prison. This prison was located here in 1845, for the purpose of employing eonviets in the mining and manufacture of iron, so that their labor would not come so direetly in competition with the other mechanical trades.1 The first permanent settler was Thomas Hooker, who came to reside in 1838. The census reports 1 religious society (Presb.) in town.


ELLENBURGHI ?- was formed from Mooers, April 17, 1830. Clinton was taken off in 1845. It lies upon the w. border of the eo., N. of the center. Its surface is an upland, mountainous in the s. and rolling in the N., with an inelination toward the N. E. English River flows E. across the N. border. The soil is generally sandy; but in many places the sand is covered with a rich vege- table mold. The settlements are principally confined to the valley. Potatoes are raised in large quantities. Lumbering is extensively carried on. Ellenburgh (p.v.) contains 3 churches, a sawmill, tannery, and 125 inhabitants. Ellenburgh Center (p. v.) contains a church, saw and grist mill, 2 starch factories, a machine shop, and 15 dwellings. Ellenburgh Depot is a hamlet on the line of Altona. James Hanehett eame to this town in 1796, but left soon after. The first permanent settler was Abner Pomeroy, from Vt., about 1800.8 There are 4 churches in town.“


MOOERS5-was formed from Champlain, March 20, 1804. Ellenburgh was taken off in 1830. Its surface is generally level, with a gentle inelination to the N. E. The principal streams are Great Chazy and English Rivers. The surface is entirely underlaid by Potsdam sandstone, and is covered with a light, sandy soil. Along the N. border are several small swamps. Upon the Canada line, in the N. w. corner, is a remarkable ehasm in the roeks, ealled The Gulf.6 Center- ville, (Mooers Forks p. o., ) upon the Chazy, contains 2 churches, a sawmill, stave factory, and 30 houses. It is a station on the N. R. R. Mooers, (p. v.,) upon the Chazy, in the E. part, con- tains 2 churches and 40 houses. It is near the junetion of the O. and P. & M. R. R's. Angell- ville, upon Corbeau Creek, in the s. E. corner, is a hamlet. The first settler was Joshua C. Bos- worth, who located in town in 1796." The first preacher was Rev. Andrew Blackman, in 1800; and the first settled minister was Rev. Martin Powell, in 1807.8


PERU9 -- was formed from Plattsburgh and Willsborough, (Essex eo., ) Dee. 28, 1792. A part was annexed to Willsborough in 1799, and Au Sable and Black Brook were taken off in 1839. It lies upon the lake, s. of the center of the eo. The surface in the center and E. is rolling and slightly inelined toward the lake, and in the w. broken and mountainous. The Au Sable flows across the s. E. corner, and along its course are extensive swamps. Little Sable drains the greater part of the remaining portions of the town. The principal body of water is Military Pond, on the w. line. A strip of land 2 mi. wide, extending along the lake, has a soil composed of elay and elay loam. West of this is a plain 4 mi. wide, covered with sand and interspersed with swamps. In the w. the soil is a light, sandy loam. Peru, (p. v.,) on the Little Sable, near the center of the town, contains 2 churches, a gristmill, stareh factory, and tannery. Pop. 504. Laphams Mills, 2 mi. below Peru, contains a large flouring mill, a plaster mill, forge, and 15 dwellings; Peasleville, on Salmon River, in the N. w. eorner, a forge and 25 dwellings. Port Jackson, (Valeour p. o.,) on the lake, opposite Valeour Island, is a hamlet containing a church. Peru


1 The prison was erected under the superintendence of Ransom Cook, under an act passed May 1, 1844. The prison grounds, comprising 25 acres, are located upon the slopo of a hill. and are surrounded by nickets 20 feet high. The main buildings, con- structed of dressed stone, are in the form of a T, and are respect- ively 364 by 56 feet, and 160 by 46 feet. The cells are con- structed in a block 3 storios high in the center of the building, a wide corridor extending completely around hetween them and the outer walls. The main buildings have slate roofs and are completely fireproof. Within the grounds are a steam forge, with 10 fires, a rolling mill, foundery, steam separator capable of washing 600 tons of ore per month, 7 coal kilns, a steam saw-


inili. machine shop, and the ruins of a blast furnace, burned June 2i. 1856. A large share of the labor of constructing these works lins heen done by convicts. The prison works were first supplied with ore from the Skinner Mino, owned by the State; but more recently from the Averill Mine. A new mine has lately been discovered upon the State grounds. Besides the manufacture of iron. stave making. coopering, and shocinaking are carried on. The total earnings in + years, ending in 1857, were $120,537.56; and the total expenses. $212,901.22.


2 Named in compliment to Ellen, daughter of John R. Murray, of N. Y, the principal proprietor of Township No. 5 of the Mili- tary Tract.


3 Among the early settlers were Aaron Broadwell and Lewis


Ransom, in 1822; and Benjamin Iline, W. Jennings, jr., Joseph Serey, Pardon Daily, Joseph Lawrence, and Samuel Ilazleton, soon after. The first child born was Lloyd Rogers Ilines. Ile was named after Lloyd Rogers, and received a farm of 50 acres for the name. The first marriage was that of Smith Delamater and Phoebe Eastabrook. Jobn R. Murray built the first saw and grist mill.


4 M. E. Prot. E., Presb., and Union. The Union Church was huilt by J. R. Murray.


5 Named from Maj. Gen. Benj. Mooers, an carly settler and prominent citizen of the co.


6 This guif is 16 rods wide and 300 feet deep. At its bottom is a pond of water said to be 150 feet deep. The walls are of sandstone, and perpendicular. No existing agencies could have produced the chinsm .- N. Y. Geol., 2d Dist., p. 309.




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