USA > New York > Gazetteer of the State of New York: embracing a comprehensive view of the geography, geology, and general history of the State, and a complete history and description of every county, city, town, village, and locality, Part 1 > Part 79
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2 Mr. Ellicott took entire charge of the surveys of these lands, and completed them in 10 or 12 years. In 1800 he received the appointment of local agent, and for a period of more than 20 years he bad almost exclusive control of the company's local business. Under his management an immense tract of wilder- ness was converted into one of the finest agricultural regions in the world. From his first advent into Western N. Y., he took a bigh position as an enterprising citizen, independent of his connection with the land office. Ile conducted the large und complicated business committed to his charge with marked | were dropped.
4 One of the principal causes of disturbance was a rumor that the new company intended to exact a certain sum for the re- newal or extension of every contract. This rule became very obnoxious; the extra payment received the name of the "Gene- see Tariff," and opposition to it was extensively resolved upon. The office at Mayville, Chautanque co., was broken open Feb. 6, 1836, and the books and papers were seized and burned in the public highway. On the 13th of May, a report reached Batavia that 700 armed men were on their way to hurn the land office at that place. Mr. Evans. the agent, at once fortified the office, and collected a force of 50 mnen, well armed, to protect it. The militin were also called out. The mob soon came into town ; but, learning the preparations tuade to give them a warin re- ception, and well knowing the resolute character of Mr. Evans, they concluded that " discretion was the better part of valor," and went away without offering any violence. Be- tween 50 and 60 of the ringleaders were arrested; but the diffi- culties were afterward amicably adjusted, and the prosecutions
323
GENESEE COUNTY.
The location of the principal land office of the company at Batavia converted it at once into a place of business and consequence; and the subsequent selection of the village as the co. seat of Genesee co. made it for many years one of the most important places in Western N. Y. Several other land offices were afterward established, but they were a.l subordinate to the one at Batavia.
In the summer of 1826, William Morgan, of Batavia, a mason, commeneed the preparation of a work disclosing the secrets of free masonry, to be published by David C. Miller, a printer of the same place. When this fact became known, members of the masonic order became excited, and took measures at once to suppress the book. A stranger was introduced to the printer, who, under the pretense of friendship, labored to gain an interest in the publication, and thus get pos- session of the MS. Morgan was arrested on a civil suit, and gave bail ; but in Aug. 1826, his bail surrendered him to the sheriff, and he was imprisoned over the Sabbath, while his lodgings were searched, and it is said some of liis papers were seized. An attempt was also made to burn the office where the book was to be printed. On Sunday, Sept. 10, a warrant was obtained at Canan- daigua, by Nicholas G. Chesebro, for the arrest of Morgan at Batavia, 50 mi. distant, on a charge of stealing a shirt and cravat, which he had borrowed of one E. C. Kingsley. The next day he was arrested and taken in a stage coach to Canandaigua, but was discharged by the justice who had issued the warrant. He was immediately re-arrested, at the instance of Chesebro, on a claim of $2 for a tavern bill assigned to him by one Aekley ; and, although he took off his coat that the officer might levy upon it for payment, he was lodged in jail. On the evening of the 12th, while the jailer was absent, his wife, acting under the advice of Chesebro, released the prisoner, as the claim upon which he was held had been paid by Loton Lauson, a pretended friend. As Morgan passed out of the jail, he was seized by Lauson and a man called Foster, gagged, thrust into @ carriage, and driven toward Rochester. This was the last that was seen of him except by masons; and whatever else is known was ascertained by judicial inquiry. Various theories were advanced as to his fate, the most prevalent one being that he was drowned in Niagara River.
The disappearance of Morgan excited suspicion, and led to an investigation. Citizens of Ba- tavia, Le Roy, and other places along the route of the abduction, held meetings, appointed com- mittees which brought to light the facts above stated, and an intense exeitement followed. Several persons were tried for participating in the abduction. Some plead guilty, and were imprisoned, and others escaped conviction. The delays finally barred new prosecution, by the statute of limita- tion, except for murder. The excitement following the investigation, at first directed against the immediate participants in the outrage, was soon turned against the masonic fraternity. The belief that a powerful organization, bound by secret oaths, with their members occupying high official positions, would perpetrate a crime of this magnitude, excited alarm, and led at once to the forma- tion of anti-masonie organizations as a political party. The excitement spread through the State and country, members of the fraternity seceded in large numbers, and a systematic effort was made to crush the order. The intense feeling continued, and the mutual reeriminations of the two parties entered into all the political, religious, and social relations of society until about 1832, when other political questions arose, and the excitement gradually died away, and now it is understood that members of the masonic order generally condemn the deed as heartily as others.1
Immediately after the abduction of Morgan, an attempt was made to obtain the MS. of Mor- gan's "Revelations," then in the hands of Miller the printer, but without success.2
1 In 1828, a law was passed anthorizing the Governor to ap- | conspicuous among whom were Wilcox and Hurlburt. At Staf- point a commissioner to make a full investigation of the Morgan affair. Daniel Moseley, of Onondaga co., was appointed to this office; but upon receiving the appointment of Circuit Judge, in 1829, he resigned, and was succeeded by John C. Spencer, who made a report to the Legislature in 1830, containing all the in- formation upon the subject then known.
The personal characters of the two inch who were made the victims of these outrages would have ruined their schemes had they been made publicly known. Morgan was a bricklayer and stonemason of damaged reputation, and Miller a refugee debtor from N.H., and finally left Batavia under circumstances ex- tremely inconsistent with honor. For details, see Hammond's Political Hist. N. Y., chap. xxxviii; Assembly Jour., 1828, p. 961 ; do. 1829, p. 469, and Appendix F; Assen. Docs. 1830, No. 67- ja short delay he was discharged. On his way back to Bati- 186; Anti-Masmic Almanacs, 1828-32; Brown's Narrative of Anti- Masonic Excitement, dr.
2 In Sept. 1827, Jesse French, Roswell Wilcox, and James Hurlburt were tried and convicted for assanlt and battery upon David C. Miller, And for false imprisonment and riot. In the evidence before the court it appeared that, on the 12th of Sept. 1826, French, then holding the office of constable, came into the printing office of Miller, and arrested him upon a writ issued by Justice Bartow, of Le Roy. Miller was taken into a carriage Great excitement followed these events, and a civil war was and driven off, attended by a large party armed with clubs, anticipated. At the celebration of Saint John's Day following
ford he was taken into A masonic lodge room, wlicre efforts were made to frighten him, and he was threatened with the fate of Morgan. When taken out of the lodge room, a large number of his friends had collected, and he was there first per- mitted to sce counsel, and to know the nature of the suit Against him, which was a civil action for debt. Bail was re- fused, and repcated demands to be taken immediately before the inagistrate were unheeded. From Stafford to Le Roy ho was closely guarded by a large number of armed mien and attended by an equally large number of his friends. Upon hia arrival at Le Roy he resolutely insisted upon going before the magistrate, and, assisted by his crowd of friends. he was enabled to do so, taking the unwilling constable along with himn. After
via, under escort of a number of his friends, who had followed him to Le Roy, efforts were made to re-arrest him, which his frieuds prevented. It is said that a portion of the MS. was preserved by the wives of some of the masons who were most prominent in their efforts to destroy it. French was sentenced to one year's imprisonment in the co. jail, Wilcox to 6 months, and Iurlburt to 3 mos. James Granson was tried and acquitted.
324
GENESEE COUNTY.
ALABAMA1-was formed from Shelby (Orleans eo.) and Pembroke, as " Gerrysville,"2 April 17, 1826. Its name was changed April 21, 1828. A part of Wales was annexed in 1832. It is the N. W. corner town of the co. The surface is level or gently undulating. The N. and w. por- tions are covered by marshes, forming a part of the Tonawanda Swamp. Oak Orehard Creek flows across the N. E. corner, and Tonawanda Creek across the s. w. corner. A limestone terrace, 50 to 75 ft. high, extends across the s. part of the town. Tonawanda Creek flows down this declivity in a perpendicular cascade known as Tonawanda Falls, furnishing a fine water power. Near the center of the N. part of the town, a few rods from the banks of Oak Orchard Creek, are the "Oak Orehard Acid Springs."" The soil is a gravelly and sandy loam with a elay sub-soil. Alabama Center (Alabama p. o.) contains 2 churches and several mills. Pop. 166. Wheatville (p. v.) lies in the N. E. part of the town. Pop. 93. Smithville (South Alabama p. o.) lies near the E. line. Pop. 147. The first settlement was made in 1806, by James Walsworth." The first church (F. W. Bap.) was formed in the E. part of the town, in 1824, by Elder Samuel Whitcomb, the first preacher.5 The Tonawanda Indian Reservation occupies a section of land 2 mi. wide, lying on Tonawanda Creek and comprising about one-fourth of the area of the town.
ALEXANDER6-was formed from Batavia, June 8, 1812. It lies on the s. border of the co., w. of the center. Its surface is hilly in the center and s. and rolling in the N. The summits in the s. w. are 200 to 250 ft. above the valleys. The streams are Tonawanda Creek, flowing N. through the center of the town, Little Tonawanda, Huron, and Bowens Creeks, and several smaller streams. The soil upon the hills is a gravelly loam with a clay sub-soil, and in the valleys it is a rich alluvium. Alexander, (p. v.,) incorp. April 24, 1834, is situated upon Tonawanda Creek, near the center of the town. It contains a flouring mill, seminary,7 and 3 churches. It is a station upon the Attica branch of the Central R. R., and also upon the B., N. Y. & E. R. R. Pop. 345. Brookville (p.o.) is a hamlet. The first settlement was made by Alexander Rca, in 1802.8 The first church (M. E.) was formed in 1835.9
BATAVIA-was formed March 30, 1802. Alexander, Bergen, Bethany, and Pembroke were taken off in 1812, and Elba and a part of Stafford in 1820. It is the eentral town of the eo. Its surface is level or gently undulating. A limestone ridge, forming a terrace 20 to 50 ft. high, extends E. and w. through the N. part of the town. Tonawanda Creek flows northward from the line of Alexander to Batavia Village, where it turns westward and flows centrally through the town to the w. border. Bowens Creek is the only other considerable stream. The soil is a deep, fertile, sandy and gravelly loam with a elay sub-soil. Batavia, (p. v., ) the eo. seat, was ineorp. April 23, 1823. Besides the co. buildings, it contains a female seminary,10 union school,11 bank, 3
the abduction, an incident occurred which showed the excited state of feeling that pervaded the community. During the day, Frederick Follett, late Caual Commissioner, a mason, while at- tending to his duties as marshal of the day, suddenly found himself surrounded by an infuriated crowd of armed men, evi- dently determined to kill him. He drew his sword, put spurs to his horse, and succeeded in throwing off the grasp of two men upon the bridle, and escaped from the crowd.
"1 Named froin the State of Alabama, and said to signify "Here we rest."
" Intended tohe named in honor of David Gary, one of the early settlers; but through a cheat it was called "Gerrysville," from Elbridge Gerry, Ex Vice-President.
3 These springs are 9 in number, and arc all found within a circle of 50 rods. They issue from mounds, evidently formed by the action of the water, 2} to 4 ft. above the surrounding surface. No two of these springs are alike; and in one instance three springs issue from a single mound within 10 ft. of each other, and the waters are essentially dissimilar. The following is an analysis of the waters of the three principal springs :- No. 1, by Profs. Silliman and No. 2, by Prof. E. Emmons. Sulphate lime. 1.552 Norton.
Sulphuric acid. 134.732
Proto-sulphate iron ..... 28.623
magnesia. 0.623
Sulphate alumina. 21.690
Free sulphuric acid, 16.132
" organic matter. 1.360
silica. 0.230
Total No. of gra. in 1 pt. 24.801
No.3.
Free sulphuric acid .. 12.414
Sulphate lime. 0.736
iron. 3.9:20
magnesia 1.236
Organic matter 0.100
Silica, a trace. 0.000
[Total No. of grs. in 1 pt. 18.406
Large quantities of this water are annually bottled and sold for medicinal purposes.
1 Among the other carly settlers were Robt. Harper, Jesse Lund, Dr. Smith, (from Vt.,) and Peter, Joseph, and James Holmes, (front Delaware co.) The first births were those of twin children of James Walsworth, in 1806; the first death was that of an un- known traveler, at the honsc- of Mr. Walsworth, in 1808. He was buried without a coffin or religions services. The first school was taught by Henry Howard, in 1817; the first inn was kept hy James Walsworth, in 1SOS; the first store, by Nahum Loring, in 1828; and the first sawmill was erected in 1824, by Sam'l Whitcomh, at Wheatville.
5 The census reports 4 churches ; 3 Bap. and 1 M. E.
6 Named from Alexander Rea, the first settler, and for several years a State Senator.
7 The Genesee and Wyoming Seminary was founded in 1834, through the efforts and liberality of Samuel Benedict and Henry Hawkins. In 1845, Mr. Hawkins bequeathed to the institution $4000, his private library, and a geological cabinet. It has now a respectable library and cabinet of natural history ; and its main building, erected of stoue in 1837, has the capacity of accommo- dating 300 students.
8 John Oney, Lewis Disbrow, Geo. Darrow, and Mr. Blackman settled in the town in 1502-03. The first death was that of Wm. Whitney, in 1803, by the fall of a tree. The first school was taught by Mr. Jones, in the winter of 1805-06, at Alexander Vil- lage. Harvey Hawkins kept the first inn, in 1809, and the first store, in 1807. Alexander Rea and Joseph Fellows built the first sawmill, in 1804; and Wm. Adams the first gristwill, in 1807.
9 The census reports 3 churches in town; Presb., M. E., and Uuiv.
10 Mrs. Bryan's Female Seminary, a boarding school for young ladies. The school building is the former mansion of David E. Evans.
11 The Batavia Union Schoolhonse was erected in 1847, at a cost of $7000. It includes a higher English and classical de- partment.
liine ... 74.891
inag nesia 35.596
potash 5.519
soda .. 6.343
Chloride sodium 2.434
silica ... 4.592
Grains. 314.420
iron. 4.904
325
GENESEE COUNTY.
newspaper offices, 5 churches, an arsenal,1 and a number of manufacturing establishments.2 Pop. 2868. Bushville is a hamlet. In 1800, Joseph Ellicott fixed upon the site of Batavia Village as the most eligible place for the location of the office of the Holland Land Co., and in the spring of 1802 the office was removed to this place. The land office building is still standing. The old court- house and jail is now occupied as a public hall. In March, 1801, Abel Rowe came to the place and erected the first building, and immediately opened it as an inn. The first church (Cong.) was formed by Rev. Royal Phelps, in 1809. Rev. Ephraim Chapin was the first preacher." Batavia was the focus of the great anti-masonic excitement which followed the abduction of William Morgan in 1826.5
BERGEN-was formed from Batavia, June 8, 1812. Byron was taken off in 1820. Its surface is gently undulating, and has a slight inclination toward the N. Black Creek flows E. through the town a little N. of the center. The soil is a gravelly and clay loam. Bergen Cor- ners, (Bergen p. o.,) on the E. border of the town, contains 3 churches and 30 dwellings. Wardville, formerly called " Cork," on the Central R. R., } mi. N. of Bergen Corners, contains 443 inhabitants. Stone Church (p. o.) is a hamlet on the line of Le Roy. North Bergen (p. o.) and West Bergen (p. o.) are hamlets. East Bergen isa p. o. The first settlement was made at Bergen Village, by Samuel Lincoln, from Conn. about 1805.6 The first religious meeting was held at South Bergen, in Sept. 1807; Rev. Calvin Ingals (Presb.) was the first settled minister.7
BETHANY-was formed from Batavia, June 8, 1812. It lies on the s. border of the co., E. of the center. Its surface is hilly in the s. and rolling in the N. Black Creek flows N. through near the center of the town, and Little Tonawanda Creek through the s. w. and N. w. corners. The soil in the E. is a dark, gravelly loam, and in the w. a heavy, clay loam. Weak brine springs have been found; but all attempts to procure salt water by boring have proved unsuccessful. Bethany Center (Bethany p. o.) contains 2 churches and 35 dwellings, East Bethany (p. v.) a church and about 20 dwellings, and Linden, (p. v.,) a station on the B. & N. Y. City R. R., a flouring and saw mill, a furnace, and 40 dwellings. West Bethany Mills is a p.o. Canada (for- merly " Bennetts Settlement") is a hamlet. The first settlement was made in the N. E. part of the town iu 1803, by John Torrey, from Cayuga co.8 The census reports 5 churches iu town.9
BYRON-uamed from Lord Byron-was formed from Bergen, April 4, 1820. It lies on the N. border of the co., E. of the center. Its surface is gently undulating, with a slight inclination to the N. Black Creek flows N. to near the center of the town, receiving the waters of Bigelow and Spring Creeks, then turns N. E. and flows into Bergen. The soil is a fine quality of gravelly and sandy loam. A sulphur spring, from which issues carburetted hydrogen gas, is found on Black Creek a little N. of Byron. An acid spring, known as the "Sour Spring," is found in the s. w. part of the town.10 Byron, (p. v., ) located near the center of the town, contains 2 churches and about 150 inhabitants. South Byron11 (p. v.) is a station on the Central R. R. Pop. about 200. Pumpkin Hill12 is a hamlet. Benham Preston, from Batavia, was the first settler, on lot 197,
I This arsenal was erected by the State, at Batavia, under an | 1808. The first child born was Luther Crosby, in 1806; the first act of 1808 for the protection of the northern and western fron- tiers. It continues in use as a depository of arms and military equipage.
2 This village is one of the most important R. R. stations in Western N.Y. From it three branches of the N. Y. Central R. R. extend w. and s. w.,-one to Niagara Falls, one to Buffalo, and one to Attica; and two toward theE.,-one to Rochester and one to Canandaigua. The Buffalo, N. Y. & Erie R. Road also passes through the place.
3 The village was named hy Mr. Ellicott in 1802. the locality having previously been known as " The Bend." The first road was opened through the village in Feb. 1802. Among the early settlers were Stephen Russell, Isaac Sutherland, Gen. Worthy L. Churchill, Col. Wm. Rumsey, John Thomson, John Lamberton. David E. Evans, James Brisbane, JJames W. Stevens, Richard Abbey, Jedediah Crosby, Gideon Elliott, Cotton Leach, Samuel F. Grer, Benajalı Worden, and - Munger. The first marriage was that of Wm. Leston and Lavinia llow ; and the first death, that of - llarris, in 1807. Ilannah Austin taught the first school, in 1806; Stephen Rossell opened an inn, in 1801; James Brisbane kept the first store, in 1802; and Jos. Ellicott erected the first sawmill, in 1801, and the first gristmill, in 1804, on the Tonawanda Creek, for the Holland Land Co.
4 The census reports 6 churches ; 2 l'resb., Prot. E., Bap., M. E., and R. C.
6 See page 323.
" Among the early settlers were Jedediah Crosby, David Pot- ter, Win. White, Jas. Landen, and David Franklin, (from Conn.,) who came in 1805-06; and Sinon Pierson, (also from Coun .. ) in
inn was kept at Bergen Corners by Samuel Butler, in 1810; the first store by Levi Ward, in 1808. Jared Merrill erected the first sawmill, in the N. W. part of the town, in IS11; and Titus Wilcox (froin Conn.) taugbt the first school, in the winter of 1807-08, at Bergen Corners.
7 The census reports 5 churches; 2 Cong., and 1 each Presb., M. E., and R. C.
8 In the same year Capt. Geo. Lathrop, from Conn., settled on lot 40, in the N. part of the town, and Orsemns Kellogg, from Sheffield. Mass., in the E. part. Lyman D. Prindle, from Hoosick, settled at East Bethany in 1805; Joseph Adgate, from Ulster co., and Mather Peck, from Lyme, Conn., near East Bethany in 1806. The first birth was that of a child of Orsemus Kellogg, in 1803: and the first death, that of Solomon Lathrop, in 1806. Matilda Wedge, from New England, taught the first school. in 1808. Sylvester Lincoln kept the first inn; Elisha Hurlburt, from Vt., the first store, in 1808: and Judge Wilson built the first gristmill, in 1811.
9 2 Presb., and 1 each M. E., Bap., and F. W. Bap.
10 The acid spring issnes from a hillock abont 230 feet long and 100 broad, elevated 4 or 5 feet above the plain. The strength of the acid is increased by drouth, and in some places it is quite concentrated and nearly dry in its combination with the charred vegetable coat which everywhere covers the hillock to a depth of from 5 to 40 inches .- Beck's Mineralogy N. F., p. 149. Il Locally known as " Brusselrille."
12 Named from the fart that an carly tavern sign at that place was painted yellow and resembled a pumpkin.
9
326
GENESEE COUNTY.
in 1807.1 The first religious services were held by Rev. Royal Phelps, (Presb., ) from Cayuga co., iu 1809. The first church ( Bap.) was formed in 1810, by Elder Benjamin M. Parks.2
DARIEN-was formed from Pembroke, Feb. 10, 1832. It is the s. w. corner town of the eo. The surface is hilly in the s. and rolling in the N. The streams are the Eleven Mile, Crooked, and Murder Creeks. The soil in the N. is a sandy and gravelly loam, and in the s. a clayey loam under- laid by limestone. Darien Center, (p. v.,) formerly "Kings Corners," contains a church, seminary,3 and 20 dwellings. Darien City, (Darien p. o.,) in the E. part of the town, contains a church and 50 dwellings. The first settlement was made near Darien City, by Orange Carter, from Vt., in 1803.4 'The eensus reports 4 churches in town.5
ELBA-was formed from Batavia, March 14, 1820. Oakfield was taken off in 1842. It is the eentral town on the N. border of the co. The surface is level or undulating. Oak Orchard Creek flows N. E. through the center of the town to the N. E. corner, and thence turns w. and flows through the N. part into Oakfield. The Tonawanda swamp extends along its course in the N. part of the town. The soil is a fertile, sandy, gravelly and elayey loam. Pine Hill (Elba p. v.) lies near the center of the town. Pop. 400. Transit,6 on the line of Byron, is a hamlet. Langtons Cor- ners, Mills Corners, (East Elba p. o.,) and Daws Corners are farming neighborhoods. The first settlement was made at Daws Corners in 1801, by Samuel and Amos Ranger, from Vt." The first religious meetings were held by Rev. Mr. Mitchell, (M. E.,) in 1807. The first church (Bap.) was formed by Elder John Miner, in 1821.8
LE ROY9-was forined from Caledonia (Livingston eo.) as " Bellona," June 8, 1812. Its name was changed April 6, 1813. A part of Stafford was taken off in 1820, and a part of Pavilion in 1842. It is the central town on the E. border of the co. Its surface is level or gently undulating. A limestone ridge, 40 to 100 feet high, extends through the N. part of the town. Oatka Creek, the principal stream, flows from the s. w. corner of the town N. E. to a point a little N. of the center, thenee turns and pursues a s. E. course to the E. border. Buttermilk Falls, 90 feet high, marks its deseent over the limestone terrace.10 The soil is generally a sandy or gravelly loam. Gypsum and Onondaga limestone, for building purposes, are obtained in this town. In the E. part, s. of Oatka Creek, is an extensive tract of oak openings, covered thickly with stone and hard of cultivation. Le Roy (p. v.) was incorp. May 5, 1834. It is finely located on Oatka Creek, and contains & bank, 1 newspaper office, a female seminary,11 6 churches, and several manufacturing establish-
Elisha Taylor, from Otsego co .. (on lot 186;) Thester T. Ilol- brook, from Cayuga co .; Wheaton Carpenter, from R. 1 .; and Elisha Miller, from Penn., on lot 2, in 1809; Nathan Holt. from Otsego co., in 1810; and Asa Merrills, from Oneida co., in 1811. The first child born was a son of Elisha Taylor, in 1809; the first marriage, that of Saml. Montgomery and Polly Parks, in 1811 : and the first death, that of a son of Mr. Hoskins. Thester 'T. Holbrook taught the first school. in 1810-11; Ira Newbury kept the first inn, in 1845; Amos Hewett, the first store, in 1813; Win. Shepard erected the first sawmill, iu 1813; and Asa Wil- liams the first gristmill, in 1814.
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