Gazetteer of the State of New York: embracing a comprehensive view of the geography, geology, and general history of the State, and a complete history and description of every county, city, town, village, and locality, Part 1, Part 75

Author: French, J. H. (John Homer), 1824-1888, ed. cn; Place, Frank, 1880-1959, comp
Publication date: 1859
Publisher: Syracuse, N.Y. : R. Pearsall Smith
Number of Pages: 772


USA > New York > Gazetteer of the State of New York: embracing a comprehensive view of the geography, geology, and general history of the State, and a complete history and description of every county, city, town, village, and locality, Part 1 > Part 75


Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).


Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Part 4 | Part 5 | Part 6 | Part 7 | Part 8 | Part 9 | Part 10 | Part 11 | Part 12 | Part 13 | Part 14 | Part 15 | Part 16 | Part 17 | Part 18 | Part 19 | Part 20 | Part 21 | Part 22 | Part 23 | Part 24 | Part 25 | Part 26 | Part 27 | Part 28 | Part 29 | Part 30 | Part 31 | Part 32 | Part 33 | Part 34 | Part 35 | Part 36 | Part 37 | Part 38 | Part 39 | Part 40 | Part 41 | Part 42 | Part 43 | Part 44 | Part 45 | Part 46 | Part 47 | Part 48 | Part 49 | Part 50 | Part 51 | Part 52 | Part 53 | Part 54 | Part 55 | Part 56 | Part 57 | Part 58 | Part 59 | Part 60 | Part 61 | Part 62 | Part 63 | Part 64 | Part 65 | Part 66 | Part 67 | Part 68 | Part 69 | Part 70 | Part 71 | Part 72 | Part 73 | Part 74 | Part 75 | Part 76 | Part 77 | Part 78 | Part 79 | Part 80 | Part 81 | Part 82 | Part 83 | Part 84 | Part 85 | Part 86 | Part 87 | Part 88 | Part 89 | Part 90 | Part 91


5 There are 3 other churches ; Bap., M. E., and R. C.


" Among the other first settlers were John Halsted, Jesse Brayman, John Stringham, John and Bouton Lohdell, Aaron Felt, Joseph Fisher, Abram Slaughter, Joseph Storrs, and Jacob Southwell. The first death was that of Mrs. Webster Felt.


7 The census reports 3 churches; M. E., Cong., and Bap. 8 See pages 299, 301.


9 Among the first settlers were Aaron Fairchild, Jonathan Lynde, Martyn Pope, Melchor and John Hoffnagle, John and Wm. Morehouse, Hooker Low, Stephen Taylor, Elisha Higgins, Peter Payne, and Daniel Collins. The first school was taught by --- Scott, in 1787. The first death was that of Thos. Ilyer,


tons of musket balls, 3 cart loads of flints, 30 new carriages, a breaks through the mountain harrier. Whiteface rises nearly perpendicularly, upon one side, to a height of 2000 feet ; and another mountain, npon the opposite side. is but a little less in height. In the midst of its rapid and tortuous course through this passage, the stream leaps down a perpendicular precipice of 100 feet.


vicinity, formed by the decomposition of iron pyrites; at some future time it will probably be manufactured for commercial purposes.


20


306


ESSEX COUNTY.


gravelly loam, and is moderately fertile. Whiteface,1 belonging to the Adirondack Range, has an elevation of 4,855 fect above tide. Wilmington (p. v.) contains 20 houses. Settlement was commeneed, near the close of the last ecntury, by Thaddeus and Leonard Owen, and Paul Thayer .? The first church (M. E.) was formed in 1799.8


Acres of Land, Valuation, Population, Dwellings, Families, Frecholders, Schools, Live Stock, Agricultural Products, and Domestic Manufactures of Essex County.


ACRES OF LAND.


VALUATION OF 1858.


POPULATION.


SCHOOL8.


NAMES OF TOWNS.


Improved.


Unimproved.


Real Estate.


Personal


Property.


Total.


Mules.


Females.


No. of Dwellings.


No. of Families.


Freeholders.


Districts.


Children


taught.


Chesterfield ..


15,309


21,897


$442,920


$148,950


$591,870


1,661


559


636


288


13


1,839


Crown Point ..


17,4891


9,961


361,535


23,800


385,335


1,167


1,666 1,049


394


435


297


20


998


Elizabeth town.


9,4874


34,094


138,905


24.050


162,955


734


668


232


252


175


9


595


Essex.


14,857


4,405


338.236


132,800


471,036


1,042


1,073


359


358


195


12


730


Jay


13,687


28,859


209,264


46.250


255,514


1,458


1,392


452


501


292


12


1,070


Keene.


7,537


79,165


71.316


'5,00


71,816


386


388


143


155


128


7


380


Lewis.


14,068


27,246


165,108


2,000


167,108


934


869


321


325


251


16


717


Minerva


5,3291


143,215


97.459


5,951


103,410


403


364


144


148


133


7


309


Moriah


13,281


27,511


570.316


20,700


591,016


1,590


1,530


494


592


317


15


1,224


Newcomb


950


89.964


154,142


2,000


156,142


130


96


38


39


21


4


72


North Elba.


2,008


88,912


73,795


800


74,595


175


126


53


60


61


4


117


North Hudson


51,897


51,897


275


244


80


79


41


4


161


St. Armand.


1,1074 15,712}


31,433 131,4854


250,833


11,375


262,208


1,145


940


348


378


284


16


776


Ticonderoga.


15,059


12,075


371,232


45,275


416,507


1,072


1,053


409


435


197


14


878


Westport.


17,077}


16,052


375,537


16.250


391,7 87


1,044


997


396


408


207


12


814


Willsborongh


14,316-


7,7461


284,549


22.960


307,509


842


833


390


312


212


12


654


Wilmington.


8,168


20,174


44,107


2,207


46,314


435


469


358


168


112


9


418


Total.


(185.443} |774,1954|| 4,042,211


4,548,079: 14,648 13,891


5,227


5,339


3,253


194 11,350


LIVE STOCK.


AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS.


BUSH. OF GRAIN.


DAIRY PRODUCTS.


NAMES OF TOWNS.


Horses.


Working


Oren and


Calves.


Cows.


Sheep.


Swine.


Winter.


Spring.


Tons of Hay.


Bushels of


Bushels of


Pounds of


Pounds of


Domestic


Manufactures, in Fards.


Chester field ..


537


902


764


2.281


492


490


28,164


3,591


25,293


1,0881


46,929


4,594


43


Crown Point.


702


1,900


842


7,589


778


3,716


52,227


3,991}


$7,865


9,060


49,791


9.266


450


Elizabethtown


304


690


472


1,620


297


402


13,424₺


1,690}


9,832


3.036


28,020


2,550


198


Essex


528


1,172


718


6,340


456


333


35,598₺


3,969₺


10,965


8,812


42,515


8,371


Jay


401


1,396


735


2,325


557


1,430


2,597


32,192 11,663


884


21,257


2,290


1,117


Lewis.


443


1,071


635


4,159


427


3,220}


22,673}


2,287}


19,892


3,599


50,985


7,920


1,012


Minerva


139


376


250


732


184


148


11,941}


1,134


10,855


2,171


17,666


240


471


Moriah


651


1,152


764


3,316


485


651


30,047}


3,2534


26,211


4,092


53,685


8,000


407


Newcomb


26


76


53


73


30


124


2,360


204


4,500


3,065


170


186


North Hudson


15


7


21


18


200


4,901


322}


36,005


8,430


300


Schroon ..


426


1,067


638


1,568


571


5054


29,528


3,121


23,378


3,385


55,980


6.508


792}


Ticonderoga.


623


1,348


663


4,497


590


1,496


47,209


4,169


16,513


7,995


56,126


5,378


133


Westport


498


1,022


623


5,231


506


181


31,468


3,047%


12,999


6,815


45,713


8,377


285


Willsborough


448


1,087


654


4,941


556


1,633


37,656}


3,075


19,729


10,638


50,718 22,430


194


Wilmington.


147


591


343


965


128


622


7,477


958


9,989


1,027


25,561


810


583.


Total.


6,149 14,818 8,749 47,654


6.504


15,841+ 413,5884 39,1394 318,021


64,200}


625,542 93,594


6,460₺


1 Whiteface derives Its name from a landslide, which has laid | Z. Gray, and Nathl. Warner. The first marriage was that of bare the rocks npon its 8. E. slope, giving it a whitish gray appearance. This mountain is nearly isolated; and from its summit is obtained one of the finest and most extensive views in Northern N. Y.


2 Among the other early settlers were Cyrus Wilson, Isaac Peck. Reuben and Daniel Hamhlin, Danl. Ray, John Blanchard,


Danl. Hamhlin and Keziah Ray; and the first death, that of John Blanchard. Esther Kellogg taught the first school ; Ren ben Sanford kept the first inn, Elias Wilson the first store, and Leonard Owen built the first mill.


8 The census reports 2 churches; Cong., M. E.


61,245


6,390


589


Keene ..


162


625


353


1,673


201


232}


39,648₺ 10.816₴


7,447


413


10,140


7,856


St. Armand


42


102


79


344


76


457


41,060


155


134


57


58


42


2


98


Schroon.


Potatoes.


Apples.


Butter.


Cheese.


+


North Elba


57


234


142


152


1,315


1,598


41,060


505,868


No. of.


FRANKLIN COUNTY.


C.C THIS county was formed from Clinton, March 11, 1808, and named in honor of Benjamin Franklin. A small portion was annexed to Essex co. March 22, 1822. It contains an area of 1,718 sq. mi., and is centrally distant 130 mi. from Albany. It lies upon the northern frontier, between St. Lawrence and Clinton counties. SEAZ Its surface is mostly level in the N., undulating and lilly in thic center, and broken and mountainous in the s. The Au Sable Mts. occupy the s. E. portions; Mt. Seward, 5,100 feet above tide, is the highest peak. There are several other clevated peaks; but their heights have never been ascertained by actual FRANK measurement. The plateau of the central and the valleys of the s. part of the co. have an elevation of about 1,600 feet above tide. The N. w. corner, including the townships of Bombay, Fort Covington, Westville, and portions of Constable and Moira, is underlaid by calciferous sandstone. The soil upon this rock is generally a heavy clay. Next s. of this region is a belt about 8 mi. wide, extending N. E. and s. w., underlaid by Potsdam sandstone. A strip next to the calcifcrous sandstone, about 4 mi. wide, has a sandy soil, and the remainder a fine fertile loam, mixed with clay. The underlying rock in the central and s. portions of the co. is gneiss; and the soil is of a light, sandy nature, nearly unfit for cultivation. Upon approaching the mountainous region toward the s. the soil becomes more and more sterile, and large tracts are valuable only for their timber and iron orc. Bog iron ore is found in considerable quantities along the line of junction of the calciferous and Potsdam sandstones, and in times past it has been quite extensively used in the manufacture of bar iron.


The co. is mostly drained by tributaries of the St. Lawrence, the principal of which are the Chatcaugay, Salmon, Little Salmon, Deer, St. Regis, and Racket Rivers. The Saranac River flows through the s. E. corner. In the southern wilderness are immense numbers of lakes, some of which are several miles in extent. Their general elevation is about 1,600 feet above tide, and they are so located that slight improvements only are needed to connect them, and to form a com- munication between the head waters of streams flowing in opposite directions. In the N. part the people are engaged in the various branches of agriculture, the soil yielding a good return in spring grain, and in potatoes. The whole region, however, is best adapted to pasturage, and dairying forms the leading pursuit. In the central and s. parts the people are mostly engaged in lumbering. The manufacture of starch has become an important business within the last few years.1


The principal work of internal improvement in the co. is the Ogdensburglı R. R., (formerly Northern R. R.,) extending through Moira, Bangor, Malone, Burke, and Chateaugay. This road was completed in 1850, and has been of immense value to the co., though a total loss to the stock- holders. Steamboats from the St. Lawrence land regularly at Fort Covington, and occasionally at Ilogansburgh, during the summer. The Salmon River has been improved for log navigation, and a portion of the Au Sable improvement is within the limits of the co.


The co. seat is located in Malone Village.2 A courthouse and jail, in one building, was erected on the w. bank of Salmon River in 1811-13, and a new stone jail in 1852.3 The co. poor- house is located upon a farm of 110 acres, 2 mi. s. w. of the village. It was built in 1826, at a cost of $1,200 and has since been burnt and rebuilt. There are two newspapers in the co., both published at Malone.‘


1 Within 10 years, 40 factories for the manufacture of starch from potatoes have been erected in the co. When potatoes are less than 30 cts. per bushel, the husiness is considered profitable; but since the completion of the R. R. they have at times been worth much more to transport to the city markets.


2 The first co. officers were Ebenezer Brownson, First Judge; Wm. Bailey, Joshua Nichols, and Asa Wheeler, Judges; Jas. S. Allen, Clerk; John Wood, Sheriff; Joshua Nichols, Surrogate ; And Ezekiel Payne and Oliver Brewster, Coroners.


$ Before the court house was completed, courts were held in the academy.


+ The Franklin Telegraph was the first paper published in the co. It was first issued at Malone, in 1821, by Francis Burnap, and in 1829 it was removed to Potsdamn.


The Northern Spectator was published at Malone from 1630 to 1835, successively by Jolin G. Clayton, Geo. P. Allen, and F. P. Allen.


The Palladium was begun in March, 1835, at Malone, by F. P. Allen. It is now published as


The Frontier Palladium, by F. T. Heath and J. K. Seaver.


The Franklin Republican was begun in 1827, at Fort Covington. by J. K. Averill, and continued under several owners till 1833.


The Franklin Gazette was begun in 1827, at Fort Covington, by F. D. Flanders. In 1847 it was removed to Malone, where it is still published by the original owner. The Salmon River Messenger was begun in 1850, at Fort Coving.


307


£


308


FRANKLIN COUNTY.


A tract 10 mi. by 40, on the E. side of this co., formed a part of the old Military Tract;1 a portion in the N. w. corner, of 24,000 acres, was reserved by the St. Regis Indians,2 and the remainder of the co. was included in Great Tract No. I. of the Macomb Purchase.3 Wm. Con- stable, agent aud part owner of the last mentioned tract, and the executors of his estate, sold the northern part, and actively assisted in promoting settlement.‘


The earliest settlement in the co. was made at St. Regis, by a colony of Indians from Caughna- waga, on Lake St. Louis,5 and from Oswegatchie, under Father Anthony Gordon, a Jesuit, about 1760. They are now known as the St. Regis Indians, and number about 1,000, of whom 420 reside in this co., and the remainder on the N. side of the national boundary, which passes through the village.6 During the Revolution a portion of the Indians joined the Americans; and Louis Cook, one of their number, received a colonel's commission from Gen. Washington. In the war of 1812 a part of the tribe joined the British and a part the Americans; and they are thus historic- ally divided into British and American parties.7 This tribe is gradually increasing in numbers, although, from their filthy habits, they are frequent sufferers from virulent epidemic diseases. They are mostly Catholics,-a Catholic mission being supported among them. A few profess to be Methodists.8 Two schools are sustained by the State, though they are thinly attended, and appa- rently of little benefit. The first white settlements were made in Chateaugay in 1796, and in other towns in the two northern ranges in 1800-02, by emigrants from Vermont. At the commence- ment of the war of 1812 the population of the co. numbered about 2,500. In 1813-14 it became the seat of important military events, in the abortive attempt to invade Canada. Upon the with- drawal of the troops from French Mills in Feb. 1814, the co. was overrun by the enemy, who visited Chateaugay, Malone, and Hopkinton, and seized a considerable amount of military storcs.º In 1832, the cholera appeared at St. Regis, spreading a panic throughout the whole region. Since the completion of the R. R., systematic efforts have been successfully made to bring into market the valuable timber iu the central and southern parts of the co.


BANGOR10-was formed from Dickinson, June 15, 1812. Brandon was taken off in 1828. It is au interior town, lying N. w. of the center of the co. Its surface is gently undulating. with a general northerly inclination. The principal streams are the Little Salmon and Decr Rivers. The underlying rock is Potsdam sandstone, appearing only iu the valleys of the streams. The soil is saudy in the N. and a clay and loam in the s. South Bangor, (Baugor p. o.,) North Bangor, (p. o.,) and West Bangor, (p. o.,) are small villages. The first settlement was made in 1806, and the town was rapidly settled along the Central Road and St.


ton, by Jas. Fisk. During the year it passed into the hands of J. S. Sargent, and was published as


The Messenger for a few months.


The Jeffersonian was hegun in 1853, at Malone, by J. R. Flanders, and was issued about 2 years.


1 Embracing the present towns of Chateaugay, Burke, Bell- mont, and Frankliu. Township 7 was patented to Jas. Cald- well ; No. 8, to Col. McGregor ; Nos. 9 and 10, to different parties in later times .- Hough's Hist. of St. Lawrence and Franklin Cos. 2 From 1816 to 1825 the Indians ceded 10,000 acres of this re- servation to the State. The remainder of the lands are held in common, and are managed by trustees elected annually.


$ Among those who became directly proprietors under this title were Jolin McVickar, Hezekiah B. Pierrepont, (executor of Wm. Constable,) Wm. S. Smith, Abijah Hammond, Richard Harrison, Theodosius Fowler, Jonathan Dayton, Robert Gil- christ, and James D. Le Ray.


4 These townships were uamed and numbered as follows by the original proprietors :-


1. Macomb. 10. Williamsville. 19. Cheltenham.


2. Cormachus. 11. Westerly. 20. Margate.


3. Constable. 12. Ewerettaville. 21. Harrietstown.


4. Moira. 13. Dayton. 22. Longhneagh.


5. Bangor. 14. Ennia.


23. Killarney.


6. Malone. 15. Fowler. 24. Barrymore.


7. Annastown. 16. Johnsmanor. 25. Mt. Morris.


8. St. Patrick. 17. Gilchrist. 26. Covelitl.


9. Shełah. 1%. Brighton. 27. Tipperary.


6 An expansion of the St. Lawrence above the Lachiue Rapids, in Canada.


6 This line was surveyed after the treaty of 1795, and intended to be run on the: 45th degree of x. latitude; but a new survey in 1818 showed that the line was run too far N. By the treaty of 1842, the old line was restored, and permanent monuments were placed at the crossing of roads, and navigable streams, aud at intervals of one inile through the forests.


7 This distinction is hereditary from mother to son, and the annuities of each government are beatowed accordingly, witbout reference to the locality on either side of the line.


8 The Black Biver Conference has supported a mission at Hogansburgh since 1847.


9 There is good reason to believe that some of the inbabitants were traitors to their country, and supplied the enemy with cattle and provisious and kept them informed in regard to public movements. Extensive frauds were perpetrated upon the National Treasury, soon after the war, in the way of claims for alleged damages and losses in Wilkinson's campaign; but tbe plot was detected, and some of the guilty ones were lodged in the State prison. A most remarkable scbeme to defraud the State and non-resident landholders was devised ahout 1818, and continued until effectually ended by law In 1822. This con- sisted in the voting of excessive bounties for the destruction of wolves and other noxious anima's, to be paid by the towns and co. As the law then existed, the State allowed as much bounty as the co .; and the result of the scheme was to throw almost the entire burden of the tax upon non-residents and landholders; but, to render the home burden endurable, large sums were re- mitted by the claimants toward paying the residents' tares. The bounties amuounted on grown wolves to $60 per head. and led to shameless frauds, and the issue of great numbers of certifi- cates upon the heads of dogs and other animals, and upon the same lead several times over. In one instance a deer's head was passed for that of a wolf. These certificates were bought by co. officials, and passed the co. andit. A commission was ap- pointed by law to visit the locality and search into the frand ; and. although no convictions were obtained, a large sum was saved to the State. The commissioners stated that they found these certihcates, to some extent, the " currency of the co." The total uuuiber of bounties issued and sums allowed, in 1820-21- 22. were as follows :- Wolves, 929, $51,685; panthers, 25, $1075 : foxes, 587, $1852.50; bears. 93, $243 ; besides small sums for minor animals, amounting, in all. to $55,521.50, or nearly $12.25 to every man, woman, and child in the co. Those who had been concerned in this affair quickly sunk into inerited obscurity, and have since remained objects of public contempt.


10 This town embraces township No. 5 of Great Tract No. II. of the Macomb Purchase.


£


309


FRANKLIN COUNTY.


Lawrence Turnpike.1 Religious meetings were first held by Alexander Proudfit, in 1808. A Cong. society was formed at N. Bangor at a very early period.2


BELLMONT3-was formed from Chateaugay, March 25, 1833. Franklin was taken off in 1836. It occupies a wild, rocky region on the E. border of the co., N. of the center, and has a general inclination toward the N. The Owls Head is a prominent elevation upon its w. border. Its streams are Chateaugay, Trout, and Little Trout Rivers, and the E. branch of Salmon River. Among the hills are several beautiful lakes, the principal of which are Lower Chateaugay and Ragged Lakes, and Ingraham and Round Ponds. A considerable portion of the town is unfit for agricultural purposes, and valuable only for its timber. The settlements are chiefly confined to the vicinity of an E. and w. road extending through the N. part.' Chateaugay Lake is a p. o. in the N. E. part. There is a Presb. society in town, formed from the church at Malone.


BOMBAY5-was formed from Fort Covington, March 30, 1833. It lies in the N. w. corner of the co., and one corner borders upon the St. Lawrence. The surface is generally level, and the soil is sandy in the s. and a deep, fertile, clayey loam in the N. The principal strcams are the Racket, St. Regis, and Little Salmon Rivers, and Pike Creek. The St. Regis is navigable to Hogansburgh, at which place is a good water power.6 Ilogansburgh? (p. v.) lies at the head of navigation on the St. Regis River, 2 mi. from its mouth. Pop. 250. St. Regis is an Indian village, in the Indian Reservation,8 lying mostly in Canada. Pop. in this co. 200. Bombay Corners (Bombay p. o.) and South Bombay are hamlets. The first improvement was made in 1811, by Michael Hogan, who had acquired the title to Township No. 1 of Macomb's Purchase.9 In 1818, Ilogansburgh was laid out as a village and considerable improvements were made. In the same year a road was laid out across the Indian Reservation to Fort Covington. The title to the township passed from Hogan to Robert Oliver, of Baltimore. In 1822, settlers began to arrive quite rapidly, and in two or three years most of the land not covered by the Reservation was taken up. There are 3 churches in town ; 2 M. E. and R. C. A Prot. E. church was also commenced . some years since, but is not yet finished.


BRANDON10-was formed from Bangor, Jan. 23, 1828. It lics w. of the center of the co .. and embraces a territory 6 to 8 mi. wide and 47 mi. long, extending to the s. border of the co. The N. part is moderately hilly, and has a general inclination toward the N .; the s. part is broken and mountainous, and mostly unfit for cultivation. The principal streams are the Little Salmon, Decr, E. Branch of the St. Regis, and Racket Rivers, all flowing across the town in a N. W. direction. A great number of lakes and ponds lie among the mountains in the central and southern parts. The waters of the Saranac Lake and Stony Creek Pond are separated only by a narrow strip of land, forming the only portage for canoes between Lake Champlain and the Rackct River. The soil is generally light and sandy and poorly adapted to cultivation. Along the river courses and borders of the lakes the soil may be cultivated at some future period. The settlements are confined to the extreme N. border. Within the past few years the lumber trade has received considerable attention here, and large numbers of pine logs have been floated down the Racket River. The first settlement was made in 1820.11 There is no village, p. o., or church in town.


BURKE12-was formed from Chateaugay, April 26, 1844. It lies on the N. border of the co., E. of the center. Its surface is undulating and has a general inclination toward the N. It is watered by Trout and Little Trout Rivers. A swamp extends along the N. border. The soil is clay, sand, and loam. Burke (p. o.) is a hamlet on Little Trout River. Burke Hollow, (Andrusville p. o.) is a small village on the O. R. R. North Burke is a p. o. The first


1 Among the first settlers were Benj. Seeley, Joseph Plumbs, Jehial and James Barnum, Chester Tuller, Robert Wilson, Joel Griffin, G. Dickinson. H. Conger, J. Bowen, and L. Sylvester. At this time Daniel McCormack owned the N. half of the town, W'm. Cooper the 3. E. quarter, and Asahel Baker the s. w. quarter. Sanmel Russell taught the first school, in 1808.


2 Two buildings, erected by the town in 1834-35, are used for religious meetings. A Christian church was formed in 1818.


3 Named in honor of Wm. Bell, an early proprietor. It includes township &, and parts of 7 and 9, of the old Military Tract.


4 Recently settlement has commenced upon No. 9, in the s. part. 6 Named by Hogan, whose wife had resided at Bombay, in India. It embraces " Macomb." or No. 1 of Great Tract No. I. of Macomb l'urchase, and the St. Regis Indian Reservation.


6 A controversy in regard to title has prevented the full im- provement of this power.


7 Formerly "Gray's Mills." It was the residence of the late Rev. Eleazar Williams, the reputed Bourbon Louis XVII.


8 The lands of this reservation are partly leased to whites ; but the cultivation of all is extremely slovenly and improvident. º Previous to the settlement, most of the valuable timber had been stolen by parties from Canada.


10 Named from Brandon, Vt., from which place the first settlers emigrated. It embraces the townships of " St. Patrick," " Wex- terly," "Ennis," "Gilchrist," " Margate," "Killarney," and " Cove Ilill," or Nos. 8, 11, 14, 17, 20, 23, and 26, of Great Tract No. 1. 11 Josiah Hastings, Aaron Conger, Wilson Spooner, Luther Taylor, and John Thomas, settled in town in 1820; and Andrew and Henry Stevens. Levi Conger. G. W. Taylor, Clark Adams, Daniel K. Davis, Jonathan HI. Farr, and Orrin Wellington, in 1821.


12 Named in honor of Edmund Burke, the British statesman.


310


FRANKLIN COUNTY.


settlement was made in 1796-98, by Jehial Barnum, Noah Lee, and others. There are 3 churches in town.1


CHATEAUGAY ?- was formed from Champlain, March 15, 1799. " Harrison" (now Ma- lone) was taken off in 1805, Bellmont in 1833, and Burke in 1844. A part was annexed to Jay, (Esscx eo.,) in 1822. The surface is rolling, with a northerly inclination. The principal streams are the Chateaugay River and its branches. The river has worn a deep channel through the drift deposits and Potsdam sandstone, forming a wild and peculiar feature in the landscape.3 Half a mi. E. of the village of Chateaugay is an intermitting spring, rising from the sand, sometimes flowing in sufficient quantities to carry a mill, and at others perfectly dry. It has no regular periods of intermission, sometimes flowing steadily one or two years, and again only a few weeks. Bubbles of nitrogen gas are emitted with the water. There is a constant gas spring 1 mi. N. E. of this. The soil is a clayey loam interspersed with clay. Chateaugay. (p. v.) lies on the plain, a little E. of the deep, narrow valley of the Chateaugay River.5 Pop. 360. The first settle- ment was commenced in 1796, at the village, and was the first in the co.6 Within the next five years many families came in from Vermont. In 1812 a blockhouse was built for protection against invasions by the enemy. In the fall of 1813, Gen. Hampton was encamped liere for several weeks, with a force designed to co-operate with Gen. Wilkinson in the invasion of Canada; but late in Nov., he returned to Plattsburgh without accomplishing his object. In the spring of 1814 the enemy invaded the place, pressed teams, and took away a considerable amount of pro- visions left by the American army. There are 4 churches in town,7




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