USA > New York > Gazetteer of the State of New York: embracing a comprehensive view of the geography, geology, and general history of the State, and a complete history and description of every county, city, town, village, and locality, Part 1 > Part 60
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1 The census reports 3 churches in town; Evang. Luth., M. E., and Ref. Prot. D.
2 Antony the early Dutch settlers were families named Shower- man. Blackinan, Kinyon, Fregers, Evarts, and Shurts, -Foster was one of the first settlers near Hillsdale Village. The State enrrendered its claims to the lands actually occupied, March 12, 1793.
8 3 M. E., Bap., Christian, and Presb.
4 The express object of this incorporation was to facilitate com- mercial operations. The charter toelnded all the territory N. of Livingston Manor. w. of ( laverack Creek, aml s. of Major Abra- bame Creek, extending ISU lect into the Hladyou.
5 Warren St., the principal street of the city, extends along .he crest of this ridge from the foot of Prospect Ilill to the prome- nade grounds on the bluff. Few streets in any city have a finer location than this.
6 The Hudson Iron Co. have a double blast furnace, driven by an engiue of 300 horse power : 80 to 90 men are employed. and 40 to 50 tons of pig iron turned out per day, At the Columla Iron Works about 40 meu are employed, and 20 to 25 tons of nig iron made daily. The ore used in these furnaces is ohtathed from Weston, Mass, and from Dutchess, Orange, and Essey con. Clark's Clothing Manufactory employs about 400 hands. In 1858, sales were made to the amount of $130.000, mostly for the Sonth. ern market. Beside these, there are in the city 2 machine shops, 2 iron foundries, a stove fontdry, gunshop, cutlery manufactory, book bindery, flouring mill, brewery. and brickyard.
7 An immense quantity of pressed hay, annually sent to the New York market, forms the principal export of the co.
8 By act of May 11, 1835, this society was allowed to raise $400 annually.
247
COLUMBIA COUNTY.
The Hudson Female Academy was organized in 1851, and oceupics a substantial stone edifice formerly used as a private lunatic asylum.
The Orphan Asylum was established in Oct. 1843, and is in charge of a board of lady mauagers. Forty to 60 children are provided for. It is supported by private donations, assisted by an annual stipend of $1000 from the co.
The city contains 11 private schools, 2 public libraries, 3 banks, and 3 newspaper offices. Pop. 6,720.
A lunatic asylum was established here in 1832, but it was given up upon the opening of the State Asylum at Utica.1 The first religious organization (a society of Friends) was formed in 1784, and a meeting house was built in 1785. There are now 11 churches in the city.2
Hudson was formerly known as " Claverack Landing."" The foundation of its future prosperity as a city was laid by Scth and Thos. Jenkins and their associates, in 1783.4 It grew with great rapidity, and soon became the center of a very extensive commercial business. In 1775 it became a port of entry,5 and at an early period its commerce extended to the West Indies and Europe.6 Shad and herring, from the river and coast fisheries, ship timber, and country produce were ex- ported, and numbers of ships were employed in the whale fisheries. The embargo, and the war which followed, destroyed this trade. The whaling business was afterward resumed, and for some time prosecuted with success; but it has since been entirely abandoncd. A daily line of steamers plies between this city and Albany, and the day line between Albany and New York touches here.
KINDERHOOK-was formed as a district, March 22, 1772, and rcorganized as a town March 7, 1788. A part of Chatham was taken off iu 1795, a part of Ghent in 1818, and Stuyvesant in 1823. It occupies the central part of the N. border of the eo. The surface is level or undu- lating. Kinderhook Lake, in the N. E. part, is about 4 mi. in eireumfercnee. The principal streams are Kinderhook Crcek and the outlet of Kinderhook Lake. The soil is a fertile, sandy, aud gravelly loam. Kinderhook, (p.v.,) situated on the ereck of the same name, was incorp. April 18, 1838. It contains 4 churches, the Kinderhook Academy, a newspaper office, 2 banks, and several manufacturing establishments.8 Pop. 1078. Lindenwald, the residence of Ex Pres. Martin Van Buren, is about 2 mi. s. of this village. Valatie,9 (vol'a-che, p. v.,) situated at the junction of Kinderhook Creck and the outlet of Kinderhook Lake, was incorp. June 30, 1856. It contains 4 churches, 5 cotton factorics,10 and several other manufactories.11 Niver- ville, (p. v.,) on the outlet of Kinderhook Lake, is a statiou on the A. & W. S. R. R. It contains a wadding factory, batting factory, gristmill, and 21 houses. Settlements commeneed under the Dutch Government.12 The rights of certain settlers were confirmed by the act of March 12, 1793. A controversy concerning the patent of John Hendrick De Bruyn, granted in 1686, was settled by commissioners June 8, 1812. A Ref. Prot. D. church was organized in 1712. Rev. Johannes Lydius, of Albany, condueted the first religious services, and Rev. J. Van Driesen was the first settled pastor. There are 8 churches in town.13
LIVINGSTON-was granted as a manor,14 July 22, 1686, formed as a district, March 24, 1772, and organized as a town, March 7, 1788. Clermont was taken off in 1787, and Aneram and Taghkanick in 1803. It is situated in the s. w. part of the co., bordering on the IIudson. The surface is generally undulating. Claverack Creek crosses the N. E. corner, Kleina Kills flows through near the ecnter, and Rocliff Jansens Kil forins the s. w. boundary. In most of its course
1 Established by Dr. S. White. It was continued 6; years, and during that time 297 patients were admitted.
2 Bap., M. E., Presb .. Prot. F., Ref. Prot. D., R. C., Univ., Wes. Meth .. Af. Meth., and 2 Friends meeting houses.
3 in 1783, Peter Hogeboom, Peter Van Hoesen, Caspar Huyck, Jobn Van Allen, and John, Jacob, Jonathan, and Leonard llen- dricks lived at this place. Van Allen kept a store, and Conrad Flock kept a canoe ferry to Loonenburgh.
4 Seth and Thomas Jenkins, and 2s others, that year formied themselves into an association for commercial purposes, and eelreted " Clarerack Landing" as the seat of their operations. .. city plot was at once surveyed, docks were built, and shipbuild- ing commenced. The following year the Hudson, a ship of 300 tons. was launched by Jenkins & Gelston. Cotton G-1-ton opened a store the same year, and in 1785 Thomas Jenkins and Josiah Alcott built a ropewalk, for feet long. Josiah Barnard built a wand gristmitt on Prospect Hill, in 1787; and Thus, and Seth Jenkins und Stephen Paddock. # hemp ducking factory, in 1789.
6 Henry Malcomb, the first collector, was appointed June 12, 1795.
6 It is said that at one time a greater amount of shipping was owned at this port than at New York.
7 A Dutch name. signifying " Childrens Point." There are several versions of the origin of this name: one is, that it was
given by Hudson from the number of Indian children congre- gated to see his vessel at a point above Stuyvesant Landing ; and another, that it was derived from the number of children belong- ing to a family residing at the forks of an Indian trail, where the village of Kinderhook now is.
8 A steam cotton factory, gristmill, sawmill, 2 hat factories, and a candle factory.
9 A Dutch word, signifying " Little Falls." There is n fall here of about 15 feet ; and hence the name.
10 There are about 400 looms in these factories, and 400 to 500 persons employed : warp and wicking exclusively are made at une of them.
11 A paper mill, furnace. machine shop, plaster mill, and saw- mill. Pop. estimated at about 1500.
12 A record belonging to the Ref. Prof. D. church, dated 1729, and signed by Johannes Van Driesen, gives the names of 100 families then residing in town. Among these are the names Van Alsteyn. Van Allen. Van Schaack, Van Burjren, Van Der Pool. Convu. Buijk. Vosburg, Schermerhorn. Klauw, Gardenier, Van Valkenburgh, Van Slijk. Wieker, and Mulder.
13 2 M. E., Ban., Evang. Luth., Presb., Prot. E., Ref. Prot. D., and R. C.
14 The manor, of which this town is a part, was granted to Robert Livingston.
15 Little Creek.
248
COLUMBIA COUNTY.
this last stream flows through a broad and fertile valley, but near the Hudson its banks are steep and roeky. The soil is a fertile, sandy loam. Johnstown, (Livingston p.o.,) situated near the center of the town, contains 1 church, a parochial sehool, and 28 houses. Glencoe Mills, (p. v.,) on Claveraek Creek, contains a free chapel, 2 sawmills, and 16 houses. Bakers Mills, (p. o.,) on Roeliff Jansens Kil, contains a woolen factory, 2 paper mills, a gristmill, and 10 dwellings. Elizaville, (p.o.,) Blue Store, and Linlithgo are hamlets. Settlement eommeneed soon after the patent was granted.1 There are 4 churches in town.2
NEW LEBANON-was formed from Canaan, April 21, 1818. It is thie N. E. corner town of the co. The surface consists of steep hills separated by broad, irregular valleys. The Taghka- nick Mts., upon the E., separate this town from Mass. The Wyomanoek or Lebanon Creek is the principal stream. The soil is a gravelly and slaty loam intermixed with clay. The valleys are generally narrow and the hills arable to their summits. Lebanon Springs, (New Lebanon Springs p.o.,) in the E. part of the town, is celebrated for its thermal springs.8 It contains 2 churches, 4 hotels, a female seminary, and a gristmill. Pop. 278. Tildens (New Lebanon p. o.) contains 1 ehureh, a barometer and thermometer manufactory, a laboratory for the preparation of medicinal extraets,4 and 35 houses. New Lebanon Center (p. v.) contains a gristmill, saw- mill, tannery, and 22 houses; Moffatts Store, (p. v.,) 1 church and 23 houses; and New Britain, (p.o.,) 1 church and 6 houses. In the E. part of the town, about 2 mi. s. of Lebanon Springs, is a large Shaker community.5 The first settlement was made about 1760, by immigrants mostly from Mass. and Conn.6 There are 8 churches in town.7
STOCKPORT-was formed from Hudson, Ghent, and Stuyvesant, April 30, 1833. It lies upon the Hudson, N. of the center of the eo. The surface consists of a high table land, rising from the river in bluffs and descending with a moderate slope toward the E. Kinderhook and Claveraek Creeks unite near the center of the town. The valleys of these streams are narrow and their banks often steep and rocky. Near Stottsville are 4 mineral springs, known as the Columbia Springs.8 Stockport, (p. v.,) situated at the junetion of Kinderhook and Claveraek Creeks, contains 3 churches, several manufactories,9 and 44 dwellings. Chittendens Falls contains 1 ehureh, 2 paper mills, and 14 dwellings, and Stottsville 2 woolen factories and 21 dwellings. Co- lumbiaville10 (Stockport station on the Hudson R. R. R.) is situated on the Hudson. This town was settled at an early period by the Dutch. There are 4 churches in town.11
STUYVESANT12-was formed from Kinderhook, April 21, 1823, and a part of Stoekport was taken off in 1833. It is the N. w. corner town of the co., is situated on the bank of the Hudson, and includes the adjacent islands E. of the middle of the river. The surface is generally level, except along the river bank, where it is broken by ravines and low hills. Kinderhook Creek erosses the s. part of the town. The soil is generally clayey, but in some places it is a light, sandy loam. Stuyvesant Falls, (p. v.,) on Kinderhook Creek, contains 1 church, several manufac- tories,13 and 35 houses. Stuyvesant Landing, (Stuyvesant p.o., ) on the Hudson, contains 1 ehureh, a flouring mill, a foundry, 2 eoal yards, a lumber yard, and 34 houses. It is a steamboat
1 On Beatty's map of 1714, the manorhouse and mill are | about 2000 acres of land in this State. besides a considerable located within this town, near the Hudson, and the residences of families named Witbeck, Claas, and Brusie near Claverack Creek.
2 2 Ref. Prot. D., Evang. Luth., M. E.
8 The spring is 10 feet in diameter and 4 feet deep, and dis- charges 16 barrels of water per minute. The water is wholly tasteless, and has a temperature of 73º at all seasons. Accord- ing to an analysis made by Dr. Meade. 1 pint of water contains 1.25 grs. solid matter, as follows :- 0. 25 grs. chloride of calcium, 0.44 grs. chloride of sodium, 0.19 grs. carbonate of lime, and 0.37 gra. sulphate of lime. Bubbles of gas constantly rise from the bottom of the spring, giving it the appearance of boiling. This gas is composed of 89.4 parts nitrogen and 10.6 parts oxygen, and is given out in the proportion of 5 cubic inches from a pint of the water. So great is the volume of water discharged that it not only supplies several baths, but 2 or 3 mills are kept run- hing by it both summer and winter .- L. C. Beck's Report, 1848, p. 48, and Geology 1st Dist., p. 105. The medicinal properties of these waters were first brought to the notice of the public by Jas. Hitchcock. There are several similar springs of less volume in the vicinity.
4 Tilden & Co. have under cultivation 40 acres of medicinal plants,-chiefly dandelion, hyoscyamins. lettuce, belladonna, stra- monium. yellow dock. burdock. poppies, digitalis, aconite, liore- hound. wormwood, and valerian. They also use large quantities of coninin, gathered from the surrounding country, as well as imported medicinal herbs and roots, Sixty persons are employed in the preparation of their extracts.
6 There are 500 to 600 persons in this community. They own
tract in Mass. They have a large meeting house, a laboratory furnished with steam power. a gristmill, 4 sawmills, 2 machine shops, 8 dwellings, and several other buildings. They are prin- cipally engaged in farming, and in preparing extracts, roots, herbs, botanic medicines. and garden seeds. They also manu- facture brooms, sieves, and fancy baskets. About 200,000 lbs. of medicinal articles and garden seeds are put up annually. The neatness of their grounds and premises is proverbial.
6 Among the first settlers were families natned Gilbert, Cor- nell. King. Skinner, Mudge, Gurnsey, Jones, Waddams, Sanford, and Patchin. An inn was kept at Lebanon Springs for several years before the close of the Revolutionary War. The house is still standing, and is supposed to be nearly a century old.
7 3 M. E., Bap., Christian, Presb., R. C., and a Shaker meeting lionse.
8 The waters of these springs have never bern analyzed. A hotel and bathing houses have recently been erected near them, and they are now much frequented.
9 2 cotton factories, a matrass factory, machine shop, and sash and blind factory.
10 Colmbiaville was incorp. Feb. 21. 1812, but the act of in- corporation was repealed April 20, 1833. It was formerly a manufacturing place of considerable importance. In 1813 it had a cotton factory of 1500 spindles, 2 paper mills. 4 cording tills, 2 fulling mills, together with grist, sw, and plaster mills. 11 M. E., Presb., Prot. E., and Univ.
12 Named in honor of Gov. Peter Stuyvesant.
18 3 cotton factories. a woolen factory, a gristmill, sawmill, machine shop, and an agricultural implement factory.
249
COLUMBIA COUNTY.
landing1 and a station on the Hudson R. R. R. Coxsackie Station, on the Hudson R. R. R., has half a dozen houses. At this place is a ferry to Coxsackie, (Greene eo.,) on the opposite side of the river. The first settlement was made by the Dutch about the period of the English conquest.2 There are 3 churches in town.3
TAGHIKANICK-was formed from Livingston as " Granger," March 19, 1803. Its name was changed March 25, 1814, and Copake was taken off in 1824. It is an interior town, lying s. of the center of the co. The surface is hilly. Taghkaniek Creek is the principal stream. Its banks are low and roeky, and upon it are numerous mill sites. The soil is a gravelly and slaty loam. The hills are generally arable to their summits, although some are wooded and roeky. West Taghkanick (p. v.) contains 1 church, a gristmill, and 14 houses. Taghkanick (p.o.) and New Forge are hamlets. The first settlements were made by German and Dutch settlers, among whom were families named Brises, Shurts, and 'Shoefelts. A traet of about 600 aeres, ealled Taghkaniek, included in this town, was purchased by Robert Livingston in 1685. The first church (M. E.) was organized in 1843. There are now 2 churches in town; Evang. Luth., and M. E.
Acres of Land, Valuation, Population, Dwellings, Families, Freeholders, Schools, Live Stock, Agricultural Products, and Domestic Manufactures, of Columbia County.
ACRES OF LAND.
VALUATION OF 1858.
POPULATION.
SCHOOLS.
NAMES OF TOWNS.
Improved.
Unimproved.
Real Estate.
Personal
Property.
Total.
Males.
Females.
No. of Dwellings.
No. of Families.
Freeholders.
No. of
Children
taught.
Ancram
21,135
5,784
$625,300
$49,900
$675,200
929
872
284
323
171
757
Austerlitz.
22.805
4.987
401,800
68,450
470,250
796 989
822
323
354
228
15
574
Canaan
16,501
5,218
447,810
66,100 271,730
1,366,098
2,030 1,654
1.993 1,709
569
519
444
14
1,179
Clermont ...
10.231}
2,047
279,057
151,331
430.38S
538
520
183
183
136
G
383
Copake
18.344
4.524
433,820
100,250
534.070
838
782
271
269
180
9
542
Gallatin
17.588
6,151
28S,924
126.069
414.993
778
739
260
272
166
672
Germantown
5.768
573
220,407
100,305
320,712
573
558
175
193
132
5
446
Gbent.
22.506
5.420
881,504
92,103
973,607
1,272
1.265
412
471
237
10
700
Greenport
9.866
1.549
357.280
222,600
579,880
685
698
215
242
146
4
445
Hudson
373
77
1,000,500
1,350,042
2,350.542|
3,120
3.600
895
1,365
500
4
2.390
Kinderhook
15,865
2.811
721,857
994.240
1,716/97
1,800
2,064
671
743
161
10
1,528
Livingston ..
20.648
2.055
592,072
254,500
846.572
1,025
1,039
3:28
370
204
12
932
New Lebanon
16.218
3.804
286,090
104,000
390,090
1,151
1,178
352
370
291
15
821
Stockport
5.650
901
233,818
64.250
298,068
776
845
282
304
125
4
519
Stuyvesant
10.820
2,44S
450.752
203,000
653,752;
974
963
316
354
267
6
849
Taghkanick.
16.991
5.968
283,980
63.106
347.086
828
837
274
291
178
8
656
Total
304.277}
69.255 |$9,989,970 $4,552,379 $14,542.349 21,857 22,534
7.287
8,236
4,554 188
16,503
LIVE STOCK.
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS.
BUSH. OF GRAIN.
DAIRY PRODUCTS.
NAMES OF TOWNS.
Horses.
Working
Oxen and
Cows.
Sheep.
Swine.
Winter.
Spring.
Tons of Hay
Bushels of
Bushels of
Apples.
Pounds
Butter.
Pounds
Domestic
Manufactures, in Yards.
Ancram
510
1,268
852 11,381
3,835
22.2981
101,274
3,383
21,006
14.580
91,035
300
230
Austerlitz.
514
800
827
8,485
1,193
12,821
47.564
3,69$
17,066
12.526
98.665
8,300
151
Canaan.
454
690
678
8,711
1.013
12,325
60,779
3,078
18,790
14.702
75,080
12.385
1,017
Chatham
897
1,33S
1.452
6,579
2,924
40,844
110,398
4,283
17,706
17.532
130,875
10,284
321
Claverack.
841
964
1.113
4,573
2,888
49,049
68,701}
6.050
23.680
18.581
107.575
1,168
522
Clermont
378
289
595
2,539
1,355
14.867
22,800₺
71.454
3.011
20.075
11,671
72.295
1,220
305
Gallatin
520
1.035
837
5,135
2,530
28.431
55,373
2,84S
13.084
7,662
69.075
750
1,208
Germantown.
220
189
435
243
723
5,736
7,920
2.229
2,517
3.959
33.068
100
105
Greenport.
34G
366
498
740
925
12,324
19,915}
3,926
6,177
9.493
45,088
250
08
Ilillsdale.
538
866
893
5,900
2,186
26,367
73.928
4,258
19.353
26.585
98,767
5,061
236
Kinderhook
542
642
639
3,865
1,639
33,911
99.730
2,802
20.050
7.876
64.640
626
13
Livingston.
611
597
995
3.954
1,859
49.238
49.446}
1.997
9.519
9.440
90,246
144
139
New Lebanon.
448
833
925
9,230
972
8,809
51.295
4.783
15.568
22.436
84.022
25,794
3,016
Stockport
133
203
327
87
250
2,784
9,786
1,894
4.114
5.170
26.173
255
59
Taghkquick
481
799
881
3,005
2,123
31,546
37,114
2,694
9.019
7.748
67.558
530
698
Total
9,103 13,176 14.500
87,549 32,568 453,008:
987.1724 65,103 259.419;'210,342 1.347,428 67,167
8.575
1 2 propellers, owned by parties here, ply on the Hudson and run from this place.
" Among the carly settlers were families by the names of Van Alstyne. Van Allen, Van Ness, Van Slyke, Van Dyke, Van Valkenburgh, Vosburgh, and Schermerhorn.
8 Evang. Luth., Ref. Prot. D., and M. E.
4 Pronounced Toh-kon'nick, and supposed to signify " Water Enough." Upon this side of Mt. Tom, in Copake, was formerly a spring which was a favorite resort of the Indiaus; and hence the name " Taghkanick" for the locality.
821
460
20
1,497
Claverack ..
25,055
4.916
927,201
138.353
513,910
957
359
426
235
10
634
Chatliam.
26,856
4,381
1,094,968
462,830
132,050
594,880
1,101
1,093
394
366
273
18
979
Hillsdale.
21.058
5,641
981
4,469
2,272
50.172
71.132
4,815
13.428
7.914
104,023
Iludson ..
248
7
118
512
160
936
178
232}
270
1.700
Stuyvesant.
180
347
650
1,442
532
10,552
27.619
2.934
21.236
6.508
42,045
487
Copake
436
981
804
7,211
2,837
40.774
3,242
6,499
Ghent
S06
962
Culres.
Cheese.
Districts.
1,065.554
724
Potatoes.
45.465
£
CORTLAND COUNTY.
Tms county was formed from Onondaga, April 8, 1808, and embraces the original townships of Virgil, Cincinnatus, IIomer, Solon, and the south half of Tully and Fabius1 in the s. E. corner of the Military Traet. It was named in honor of Pierre Van Cort- landt, first Lieut. Gov. of the State of N. Y .? It lies near the center of the State, upon the northern spurs of the Allegany ISEAL Mts., and just s. of the watershed between the Susquehanna and Lake Ontario. It contains an area of 485 square miles, and is eentrally distant 120 miles from Albany. Its surface is hilly and oeeasionally broken, consisting mostly of arable ridges with narrowish valleys between them. The highlands are divided into three general ridges extending through the county in a northerly and southerly direction. The first of these occupies the extreme eastern edge of the county, and is bounded on the w. by the valley of the Otselie River; the second lies between the Otselie and Tioughnioga Rivers; and the third embraces all the highlands lying w. of the Tioughnioga. These highlands are all divided laterally by the valleys of small streams, and in some places they are but little more than a collection of sharp ridges separated by narrow ravines. The northern portion of the county spreads out into a high plateau, broken by hills. This level has an average elevation of 1,100 to 1,200 feet above tide, and the ridges rise from 200 to 500 feet higher. A broad plain, into which nearly all the valleys of the tributaries of the Tioughnioga converge, occupies the center of the western part of the county ; and here the county seat is located. South of this the valleys contraet until they become ravines. The highest points in the county are Mount Toppin, in Preble, the Truxton Hills, and the Owego Ilills, in Virgil and Harford, which attain an elevation of 1,600 to 2,100 feet above tide.
The drainage is nearly all through the Tioughnioga River, which flows through near the center of the county. In its upper course, it consists of two principal branches, the eastern entering the town of Cuyler from Madison county, and the western taking its rise in the small lakes in the northern part of Preble and the southern part of Onondaga county. The principal branches of the Tioughnioga are the Otselie,-which flows through a deep valley in the eastern part of the county from Chenango county,-Trout, Cheningo, and Labrador Creeks, and Cold and Factory Brooks. The Skaneateles Outlet drains the northwestern, the branches of Fall Creek the extreme western, and Owego Creek the southwestern, parts of the county. The only considerable bodies of water in the county are the Skaneateles Lake, which borders upon the N. w. eorner, and several small lakes in the northern part of the Tioughnioga Valley.
The Hamilton group of roeks-consisting of ealeareous shale, with limestone and slate inter- mixed-enters the northern portions of the county; and successively above this, toward the south, appear the Genesee slate, and the Portage and Chemung groups. Quarries of sandstone and limestone, affording excellent building material, are worked in Seott, Ilomer, Cortlandville, and several other parts of the county. A little s. E. of Cortlandville are several small lakes, containing deposits of marl, from which an excellent quality of lime is manufactured. The soil upon the hills is principally a sandy or gravelly loam; and that of the valleys is of the same character, with a large mixture of disintegrated slate, shale, and limestone.
From its considerable elevation above tide, the elimate of this eo. is eolder than the lower regions N. and w. The winters are longer, and snow falls to a greater depth. The people are almost exclusively engaged in the different branches of agriculture. Spring grains are largely produced in the valleys, but the whole county is better adapted to pasturage than tillage. Dairying and stoek raising are extensively pursued. The production of wool also receives considerable attention. The more hardy fruits generally flourish, but are liable to injury from early and late frosts.
I The following lots in these towns were set apart for the sup- port of the gospel and schools :- In Tully, 69. 76, 51; Fabius, 65, 58; Ilomer. 4. 34. 70. 65. 93, 98; Solon. 22, 25, 30, 41. 64, 98; Virgil, 20, 36, 51. 86, 91. 99; Cincinnatus. 1. 16, 37, 49, 53. 62. The terri- tory of the " Bostou Ten Towns," lying immediately south of this, was found to overlap or extend over a portion of this tract, and to embrace nearly all of the two sonthern tiers of lots 250
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