USA > New York > Gazetteer of the State of New York: embracing a comprehensive view of the geography, geology, and general history of the State, and a complete history and description of every county, city, town, village, and locality, Part 1 > Part 56
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6,435
1289
14,747
Domestic Cloths in yards.
Afton1.
753
3.146
2,226
6,438
1,351
3.185折
98,411}
8,771}
30,609
40.714
225,645
14,000
6,109
Columbus
464
1,106
1,807
2,835
898
135
48,605
5,418
13.531
25,738
107,410
283,019;
1,360
Coventry
534
1,771
2.140
2,750
1,021
936
56,962
5,706
15,795
31,330
250,270
6,510
1,343
German.
290
826
1,160
964
361
286
16,934
3,176
5.827
11,616
123.000
700
2.358
Greene ..
848
2,822
3,603
4,090
1,640
3,272}
88,283₺
9,865}
22,634 15,931
34,093
344,045
29,226
1,109
Lincklaen
376
802
981
2,297
486
54
30,134₴
3,315₺
6.160
13,358
95.785
19,680
1,5.82%
Macdonough
374
1,009
1,535
2,143
535
177
18,274
4,4484
8.545}
16,153
164,985
1,805
3,418}
New Berlin.
645
1,363
*2,439
2,697
1,047
675₺
55,390
6,908
12,976
30,227
196.839
248,173
1,298
North Norwich
372
985
1,061
3,335
727
1,454
45,291}
3,243}
13,314
18,162
136,381
99,260
347
Norwich.
632
1,933
2.220
7,287
1,003
492
46.446
8,523
14.291
31,889
198,380
107.328
1,188}
Otselic
526
1,278
1,433
2,562
676
21
48.310% 59,623
7,766
17,028
43,924
289,502
17,100| 51.450!
2,399
Pitcher
445
1,122
1,259
4,487
585
128
29,8161
3,795₴
8.369
21,582
144,200
13,797
1,412}
Plymouth
553
1,386
1,531
4,413
643
579
47,884
5,240
13,291
27,997
155,663|
76,504
1,052
Preston
349
1,287
1,497
6,793
625
82
24.797}
4.623
9,094₺
35,255
176,953
23.380
1,4754
Sherburne
841
1,856
2,179
11,726
1,189
1,601
111.742}
6,815
15,118
47,115
208.415
92,708
694
Smithville
496
1,882
2,620
2,290
1,135
584
41,7914
7,131
11,399
32,680
319,695
13,660
3,387}
Smyrna ...
711
1,744
1,495
7,300
1,018
1,12S
63,942
5,200
13,831
27,614
145,210
39,186
2,488}
Total.
10,971 31.452 36,939 85,923 18,092 19,089} 1,018,3202 117,3704 270,542
553,554 3,990,564 1,212,544 42,652
Horses.
Working
Oxen and
Calves.
Concs.
Sheep.
Swine.
Winter.
Spring.
Tons of Hay.
Bushels of
Potatoes.
Bushels of
Apples.
Pounds
Викет.
Pounds
Cheese.
5,530₫
Guilford.
697
2,206
2,721
3,756
1,296
2,384
58,908¿
8,615
4,713}
13,612
11,116
141,505
57,300
1,772
Oxford
735
2,216
1,714
5,835
1,450
1,750
2.297
Pharsalia .. ..
330
812
1,318
1,925
506
165
26,674
4,090
9.186
11,714
114,648
es | Districts.
571
$383,045
$22,300
$405,345
Bainbridge ..
LIVE STOCK.
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS.
BUSH. OF GRAIN.
DAIRY PRODUCTS.
NAMES OF TOWNS.
Bainbridge.
41,268
451,433
17,758
892
1 Formed since 1855.
CLINTON COUNTY.
THIS county was formed from Washington, Mareh 7, 1788.1 Essex was taken off in 1799. St. Lawrenec was provisionally annexed in 1801, and taken off in 1802; and Franklin was taken off in 1808. It lies upon Lake Champlain, and is the N. E. corner eo. in the State. It is centrally distant 143 mi. from Albany, and contains 1847 1,092sq. mi. The surface is generally hilly and broken, and in some parts mountainous. The Au Sable Range enters the s. w. corner from Essex co. and extends in spurs and broken ranges through more than one-half of the w. part of the eo. The highest STAL peaks along the w. border arc 3,000 to 4,000 feet above tide. These mountains have the same general characteristies as those further s. They are wild and broken, and their deelivities and summits are so covered with ragged ledges of rocks that they can produce but a seanty erop of timber and are almost inaccessible. The uplands decline toward the N .; and along the N. line of the eo. is a wide traet nearly level. Along the lake shore the surface is level or moderately uneven; and from this tract it riscs gradually but unevenly to the summits of the ridges in the interior. A large share of the central and w. portions of the co. is covered by the original forests, and is too rough to ever admit of profitable eultivation. The mountainous region in the s. w., comprising about one-third of the eo., is underlaid by gneiss, granite, and other primary roeks. A belt of Potsdam sandstone extends in a great eurve around the primary region and occupies more than one-half of the re- maining part of the eo. On the N. it extends nearly to Canada, but toward the s. it gradually diminishes, and on the s. linc it is but a few miles wide. Surrounding this, and lying next above it, is a narrow belt of ealeifcrous sand roek, outcropping on the surface, along the lake shore, between Au Sable and Salmon Rivers. The limestones next appear, occupying the N. E. corner of the eo. and outcropping along the lake from Salmon River to Rouses Point. Tertiary elay is found in a few places along the lake; and drift deposits are abundant in the N. and E. parts. Peat bogs are numerous in the N. E. part. The primitive region is exeeedingly rich in minerals. Magnetie iron ore is found in inexhaustible quantities, and of a quality cqual to the best in the world.2
Au Sable River forms most of the s. boundary. North of this are Little Sable, Salmon, Sara- nae, Little Chazy, and Great Chazy or Champlain Rivers, all flowing into Lake Champlain. English River flows N. into Canada. Upon all these streams are numerous falls, furnishing an immense amount of water-power. In the western wilderness are numerous small lakes, the principal of which are Chateaugay and Chazy Lakes, and Sampson, Taylor, and Slush Ponds. The soil along the lake is claycy, and in the interior and w. a sandy loam, best adapted to pasturage.
The people are principally engaged in stock raising, dairying, lumbering,3 mining, and in the manufacture of iron+ and starch. A large business is carried on in peltries, the wilderness still furnishing numerous valuable fur-bearing animals.5 Fish are abundant in the mountain streams and lakes, although the salmon, onec so abundant, have now nearly disappeared.6 The Northern (Ogdensburgh) R. R. extends w. from Rouses Point, on Lake Champlain, through Cham- plain, Mooers, Altona, Ellenburgh, and Clinton. The Plattsburgh & Montreal R. R. extends N. through Plattsburgh, Beekmantown, Chazy, and Mooers.
The eo. seat is located at the village of Plattsburgh, on Lake Champlain." The courthouse is a
I Named from Geo. Clinton, then Governor. When organized, [ districts, and upon them are numerous sawmills. Immense it embraced all the land on both sides of Lake Champlain, as claimed by the State of New York. The claim E. of the lake was abandoned upon the recognition of Vermont as an indepen- dent State. in 1791.
2 Clinton and Essex are the two most important mining cos. in the State The veins of iron, in extent and richness, surpass those of any other part of the world. Ore was first discovered in the " Winter" ore bed. in Au Sable, by Gro. Shaffer, in 1800. -although travelers had previously frequently noticed the im- mense quantities of iron sand upon the lake shore. The prin- cipal veins now opened are the Arnold, Rutgers, Finch, Winter. Indian. Cook, Battie, Mace, Jackson, and MeIntyre Mines, in Au Sable; the Palmer and Rutgers Mines, in Black Brook ; and the Skinner and Averill Mines, in Dannemora. Veins of greater or less richness are found in all the towns underlaid by the primary rocks.
3 An Sable and Saranac Rivers flow through valuable huuber
quantities of logs are annually floated down these streams and worked up at the mills below. Several important plank roads have been constructed in the wilderness for the special accom- modation of the lumber and iron business.
" The iron manufactured is principally in the form of blooms. 5 Hunting is pursued as a business to some extent ; and during the sumuiner large numbers of amateur hunters from the cities flock to the wilderness for recreation and amusement. .
6 So abundant were salmon that 30 years ago 100 bis. were mmmally taken in the co .; and from its importance to the carly settler's this tish was taken as n device for the first co. seal.
7 The first court was held Oct. 28, 1788. A blockhouse erected at the time of the alarm occasioned by the defeat of St. Clair by the Indians was used for the first jail. A courthouse and jail of wood was erected in 1802-03. and burned in 1814 by the in- vading British army. A new one rrected soon after was burned in 1sat, and the present one was erected on its site. The first
232
233
CLINTON COUNTY.
substantial brick building, with a stone basement, fronting the public square and river. The jail, a stone building in rear of the courthouse, affords no accommodations for the classification of prisoners, and is destitute of means of ventilation. The elerk's office is a fireproof briek building on an adja- cent lot. The poorhouse is located in Beekmantown, 4 mi. N. of Plattsburgh. It has an average of 65 inmates, supported at a weekly cost of $1.00 each. The farm-90 aeres-yields a revenue of $800.1
Four weekly newspapers are published in the co.2
The first white man that ever visited this co. was Samuel Champlain, in 1609, under the auspiees of the French. From that time until the final surrender of Canada in 1760, the French elaimed and held this region of country, and the lands were mostly occupied by parties holding title under French grants.3
At the close of the war in 1760, settlement rapidly spread down the lake shore. By the terms of the treaty between England and France, the French settlers were to be secured in their rights ; but the Government of New York made conflicting grants, which gave rise to controversies and quarrels and seriously retarded the progress of settlement. A few families were scattered along the shore previous to the Revolution ; but the expedition of Burgoyne in 1777 broke up every settlement in the co. An important naval engagement took place Sept. 11, 1776, in the strait between Val- cour Island and the w. shore, between the British and American forees, without any decisive results. The confliet was renewed on the 13th, and the American vessels were nearly all run ashore on the Vt. side and burned.4
Settlements were made at all the principal places bordering upon the lake within 10 years after the elose of the Revolution. Point Au Fer was occupied by the British until 1796, when, in com- mon with several other posts along the N. frontier, it was surrendered to the Americans.5 During the same year the St. Regis Indians ceded their claims to the State. The embargo of 1808 was openly violated, and many severe encounters took place between the revenue officers and organized bands of smugglers.6 Several attempts were made by lawless bands to seize the collectors and revenue officers, but without success. During the last war with Great Britain this eo. was the seat of important military transactions, and along its frontiers and upon the adjacent waters of the lake many skirmishes and engagements took place.7
co. officers were Chas. Platt, First Judge; Josiah Throop and | The Plattsburgh Sentinel, and is still published.
Chas. Hay, Judges : Robt. Cochran, Peter Sailly. Wm. McAuley, and Pliny Moore, Assistant Justices ; Theodorus Platt, Surrogate; Beuj. Mooers, Sheriff ; and Melancthon Lloyd Woolsey, Clerk.
1 The Senate Committee of 1857 report that "this house is a very poor one, indifferently kept, and a disgrace to the co." The rooms were filthy and not at all ventilated; and the water sup- plied to the establishment is furuished from springs into which drains from the barnyard and privies empty. No school Is taught; and the children are not admitted to the publie seltools. The Supervisors have authorized a loan of $4,000 for rebuilding this establishment.
2 The American Monitor was established at Plattsburgh in 1807 by W. Nichols and Sam'l Lowell, and continued a short time.
The Plattsburgh Republican was hegun in July, 1811, by - Reynolds. In 1813 Azariah C. Flagg became publisher, and continued it until 1826. It was subsequently under the charge of II. C. Miller and Wm. Land. In Aug. 1833, it passed into the hands of Roby G. Stone, by whom it is still continned.
The Northern Herald was begun April 10, 1813, by Fred. C. Powell. In 1515 it was changed to
The Plattsburgh Herald, and soon after it was discontinued. The Northern Intelligencer was begun at Plattsburgh in May, 1821. by Fred R. Allen. In 1832 it was united with The Aurora Borealis, which was established in 1828, the com- bined papers taking the name of the
Plattsburgh Aurora. It was continned hnt a short time.
The Democratic Press was published at Plattsburgh in 1834 hy J. K. Averill.
The Whig was started at Plattsburgh in 1835 hy G. W. Platt. In 1838 it was changed to tlie
Clinton County Whig. After several changes of ownership, in Oct. 1855, it was changed to
The Plattsburgh Express, published by Albert G. Carver, and is still continued by him.
The Berean Guide was published a short time at Beekmantown in 1837 hy Rev. Mr. Bailey.
The Free. Democrat was published in 1848 by Oliver Ilart.
The Northern Lancet, mo., was begun in 1849 by Dr. Horace Nelson. It was soon changed to
The Lancet, and was contimed till 1856.
The Champlain Bracon was commenced in 1850 by Ketchum & Averill. In 1852 it was sold to D. Turner, of Keeseville, who changed it to
The Rouses Point Advertiser, under which name it i- still published.
The Cottage Gazette was published in 1851 by Arthur C. Nelson. The American Sentinel was started Jan. 10, 1855, by Warren Dow. It was soon changed to
3 The Governor General and Intendant, on the 10th, 11th, and 12th days of April. 1733. granted 3 seigniories within the present limits of Champlain and Chazy, each 3 leagnes in depth and fronting upon Lake Champlain. The first, granted to Hugues Jacques Pean. Sieur de Liviandiere, captain in the marines, ex- tended from Clazy River 2} leagues northward; the second was granted to Sieur Migeon de la Ganchritère, also a captain in the marines, and the third to Sienr de St. Vincent, jr., an ensign In the marines; each grant being 2 leagues in front. These grants were ensigned forever, in fief and seigniory, with the right of superlor, mean, and inferior jurisdiction, (haute, moyenne, et basse justice,) with the right of hunting, fishing, and Indian trade, subject to the performance of fealty and homage at the Castle of St. Louis, in Quebec, agreeable to the eustom of Paris followed in Canada. They were conditioned to the preservation by tenants of the oak-timber fit for the royal navy, the reserva- tion of mines and highways to the crown, and the use of the beaches to fishermen unless actually occupied by the seiguior. The patentees might grant concessions to tenants, subject to the customary cens et rentes and dnes, for each arpent of land in front by 40 arpents in depth. If used for military purposea, materials for the erection of fortifications and firewood for the use of gar- risons were to he given without charge, and the grant was to be submitted for the royal approbation within one year. The grantees having failed to make improvements on the 10th of May, 1741, all these grants were declared to have reverted to his majesty's domain. On the lot of Nov., 1752, a seigniory of 2} leagues in front by 3 in depth, and ineluding Chazy River, waa granted to the Sieur Bedou, councellor in the Superior Conncil of Quebec, under conditions like those of Pean .- Titles and Docs. relating to the Seignorial Tenure.
4 This engagement was one of the most gallant fought during the war, and, although resulting disastrously, it reflected no dishonor on the American arms. The American forces. com- manded by Benedict Arnold. consisted of 1 sloop, 2 schooners, 4 galleys, and 8 gondolas, with 84 guns and 144 swivels ; and the British foree, commanded by Capt. Thos. Pringles, of 1 ship, 2 schooners, 1 razee. 1 gondola, 20 ganboats, and 28 long boaty, with 89 guns and 697 men. The American loss was 80 to 90, and the British about the same. The Americans saved them- selves by running their vessels aground and swimming ashore.
6 Judge Pliny Moore, who settled in Champlain in 1785, Was visited on the 1st of every month by a British corporal and file of men, from Point Au Fer, to notify him that his claim under the State would not be recognized: bnt no attention was paid to these repeated warnings .- Palmer's Hist. Lake Champlain. p. 152. 6 In 1808 two Government officers were killed in attempting to seize a smuggling vessel called the Black Snake.
" The following is a brief chronologieal list of the most im portant events of the war connected with this co.
234
CLINTON COUNTY.
In the summer of 1814, Sir Geo. Provost, Gov. of Canada, made extensive preparations for an invasion of the country along Lake Champlain. Toward the last of Aug. a land force of 14,000 men assembled on the frontier and eommeneed their mareh, supported by a formidable fleet under Commodore Downie. Gen. Macomb, who commanded the Americans, had a force of less than 3,000 ; but, as the invading army drew nigh, he was continually re-inforced by volunteors and militia.1 The American fleet, under the command of Commodore MaeDonough, took position in Cumberland Bay, awaiting the attack of the British. On Sunday morning, Sept. 11, a simul- taneous attack was made by the British land and naval forees, and a bloody and desperate battle ensued. At the end of 2 hours Commodore Downie's flag struek, and nearly the whole British fleet fell into the hands of the Americans.2 The eannonade was continued upon the shore until night, when the British slowly and sullenly retreated and in a few days returned to Canada.8 These engagements were justly considered among the most brilliant that occurred during tho war,
1812, Sept. 1 .- Gen. Bloomfield, with 8,000 troops, prepared to | 1814, Sept. 11 .- Naval engagement in Cumberland Bay, result- attack Canada.
Sept. 16 .- Troops consisting of 3,000 regulars and 2,000 militia, under Gen. Dearborn, encamped with- in a half mile of the Canada line.
Sept. 20 .- Guardhouse at La Cole surprised; but, as plans of attack were frustrated, the troops retired to Plattsburgh for winter quarters.
1813, Feh .- Two brigades marched to Sackets Ilarhor, leaving the w. side of the lake entirely un- protected till Sept.
Juue 2 .- Naval engagement near Ash Island, Canada, between an American force, under Lieut. Sidney Smith, and several British gunhoats, resulting in the loss of the American sloops Growler and Eagle and 112 men. The ves- sols were subsequently re-captured.
July 31 .- A British force of 1,400 men, under Col. Murray, made a descent upon Plattsburgh and de- stroyed a large amount of public and private property.
4 Sept. 19 .- A body of 3,000 American troops, under Gen. Hampton. concentrated at Cumberland Head and started on an expedition against Canada. Sept. 21 .- After remaining one day in Canada, the Gen. changed his plan, and, ostensibly on his way to Montreal, he marched to Chatcaugay, and there remained idlo 26 days.
Oct. 1 .- A small party of American militia surprised a picket guard at Odeltown, Canada.
Oct. 11 .- Col. Isaac Clark, with 110 men, crossed the lake from Champlain, attacked a party of British at Missisco Bay, killed 9, wounded 14, and took 101 prisoners.
Nov .- A party of Vt. militia crossed the lake and placed themselves under General Hampton. The Gov. of Vt. ordered them to return; but they refused to obey.
Dec. 1 .- A British naval force, consisting of 6 armed galleys, under Capt. Pring, entered the lake and burned an empty storehouse near Rouses Point. In the report of Sir George Provost, this building was converted into a large magazine of stores at Plattsburgh.
1814, Jan. 18 .- A detachment of infantry from Plattsburgh arrived upon the frontier, soon followed hy another body of troops, under Gen. Wilkinson.
" March 30 .- Under the direction of Gen. Wilkinson, Maj. Forsyth attacked a gristmill at La Cole, hut was repnlsed with a loss of 104 In killed and wounded. The British loss was 56.
" May 9 .- A British naval force, consisting of 5 sloops and 13 row-galleys, under Capt. Pring, were re- pulsed iu an attack upon Otter Creek, in Vt. On their retreat they entered Baquet River, but were attacked by a body of uillitia, aud nearly all the men in the rear galley were killed or wounded.
June 24 .- Lieut. Col. Forsyth, with 70 riflemen, entered Canada, and was attacked by a British force of 200 men. He effected his retreat with little loss, hut a few days after was killed iu another skirmish.
Aug. 20 .- Gen. Izard, with the greater part of the Amerl- ean force, left Champlain, leaving the im- mense amount of military stores at Platts- burgh In charge of Gen. Macomh, at the head of 3,400 men, 1,400 of whom were sick. Aug. 30 .- Gen. Brisbane, with the advance guard of the British army. took possession of Champlain. Sept. 3 .- Sir Geo. Provost, Gov. of Canada, at the head of 14,000 men, advanced s. from Champlain, arriving within 8 mi. of Plattsburgh on the evening of the 5th.
Sept. 6 .- Skirinish at Cutvers Hill, And the first attack on Plattsburgh. in which the British lost 200 men and the Americans 45.
BRITISH.
Frigate Confiance, Capt. Downie.
300
39
83
Brig Linnet, Capt. Pring.
120
16
41 10
14
Sloop Chub, Lieut. McGhee .. Finch, " Hicks.
45
11
6
10
45
11
2
Galleys Sir Jas. Feo, Sir Geo. Provost, Sir Sidney Beckwith, Broke, and Murray (each 2 guns).
225
10
Galleys Wellington, Tecumseh, Drum- mond, Simcoe, and 4 names un- known (each 1 gun).
360
8
Total.
1,095
95
57
109
-
Men.
Guns.
Killed.
88 Wounded.
Brig Eagle, Capt. Henlyn .....
150
20
13
29 20
Schooner Ticonderoga, Lient. Cassin. Sloop Preble, Lieut. Chas. Bndd ..
110
17
6
6
30
7
2
Galleys Allen, Burrows, Borer, Nettle, Viper, and Centipede (each 1 long 24 and 1 Columbian) ..
210
12
Galleys Ludlow, Wilmer, Alwin, and Bullard (each 1 12 ponnd).
140
4
Total ..
852
86
49
55
Flagship Saratoga, Com. Macdonough ...
212
26
29
The action lasted 23 hours. The British galleys lowered their colors; but, not being pursued, they escaped, as did also a store- ship which lay near the point of Cumberland Head during the engagement. The loss upon the euery's galleys was not ascer- tained, hut was large; and the total British loss was one-fifth of their whole numher. Iu their retreat the British left behind them a vast quantity of provisions, tents, camp equipage, and ammunition, together with their sick and wounded. The British and American officers were buried separately near the center of the village cemetery; and the sailors and marines of both fleets side by side in one common grave, on Crab Island. Some time after, the sister-in-law of Com. Geo. Downle placed a tablet over his grave; and on the anniversary of the battle, in 1843, the citizens of Plattsburgh and the Clinton Co. Military Association erected plain marble monuments at the unmarked graves of Lient. G. W. Runk, Lieut. Peter Gamble, Lient. John Stansbury, Sailing Master Rogers Carter, Midshipman J. M. Baldwin, and Pilot Joseph Barrow of the American navy ; and Col. Willington, Ensign J. Chapman, Lieut. R. Kingsbury, Boatswain Chas. Jackson, Capt. Purchase, Capt. Alex. Anderson, (marines,) Acting Capt. Wm. Pant, and Midshipman V. M. Guun, of the British Army and navy.
8 Sir Geo. Provost, In his official report, says, "This unlooked for event deprived me of the co-operation of the fleet. without which the further prosecution of the service was become imprac- ticable. I did not hesitate to arrest the course of the troops ad- vancing to the attack, because tho most complete success would have been nnavailing, and the possession of the enemy's works offered no advantage to compensate for the loss we must have sustained iu acquiring possession of them."
ing in the complete victory of the Americans; and an attack upon the American landworks, which was repulsed. The British army re- treated during the following night.
Sept. 24 .- Last division of the British army retired to Canada.
1 Gov. Chittenden of Vt. issued a proclamation calling upon the militia to rally and repel the invasion ; and large numbers promptly responded to the call and repaired to the camp. The call upon Washington and Warren cos. was answered by 350 more men than had ever mustered at an inspection or review.
2 The comparative strength and loss of the two parties ou the lake were as follows :-
AMERICAN.
Vessels.
235
CLINTON COUNTY.
aud they served to partially obliterate the disgrace that attached to most of the movements that were planned and executed along the N. frontier. The immense sums of money expended within the co. during the war greatly stimulated its industry ; and although Plattsburgh was twice in the hands of the enemy and partly burned, still business prospered. At the close of the war the ex- eitement subsided, and a commercial re-action followed that entirely prostrated business. Upon the completion of the Champlain Canal in 1823, business again revived ; and a new impulse has again been given to it by the railroads and plank roads since constructed. In 1838-40 the co. shared the intense excitement attending the " Patriot Wars," and several encounters between the insurgents and the military authorities took place in the neighboring parts of Canada.
The lands in this eo. were mostly granted in comparatively small patents. The w. portion embraces 4 townships of the Old Military Tract. A traet of 231,540 aeres in the N. E. and central parts of the co. was included in the lands granted by the Legislature of New York to the refugees from Canada and Nova Scotia at the close of the Revolution.1 These lands were divided into 80 and 420 acre lots, except 5,000 acres, which was divided into 15 equal parts, which were granted to the officers and privates among these refugees. Considerable land lying along the lake was granted in small traets to English officers who served during the French War. Among the principal remaining patents were Platt's, Livingston's, Beekman's, Duerville, Dean's, and Graves.
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