USA > New York > Gazetteer of the State of New York: embracing a comprehensive view of the geography, geology, and general history of the State, and a complete history and description of every county, city, town, village, and locality, Part 1 > Part 44
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MAINE-was formed from Union, March 27, 1848. A part of Chenango was taken off in 1856. It is the eentral town upon the w. border of the co. Its surface consists of ranges of hills divided by numerous narrow valleys, the principal of which extends in a N. and s. direction. These hills are 400 to 600 feet above the valley of Chenango River. The principal streams are Nanticoke, Bradley, and Crocker Crecks. The soil is a gravelly loam largely intermixed with the underlying slate. Maine, (p. v .. ) situated on Nanticoke Creek, w. of the center, contains 3 churches. Pop. 220. East Maine is a p. o. The first settlement was made in May, 1797, by Daniel Howard, Alfred and Russell Gates, and Winthrop Roe." There are 4 churches in town; 2 M. E., Bap., and Cong.
NANTICOKE8-was formed from Lisle, April 18, 1831. It lies upon the w. border of he eo., N. of the center. Its surface consists of an upland broken by a few narrow ravines.
Merchant, Bateman S. Dickinson. - Wilmot. Daniel Grofoot. | Creek," in 1790. The first school was taught by George Lane, iu andl Titus Inmiston, in 1795; John Ruggles and Isaac Tyrell. in | 1801. 1796: and Eli Osborne and Peter Warn. in 1800. The first birth 4 Named from Lisle, in France. was that of Louisa Badger, May 28, 1788: the first death, that of John Lamphere, the same year: and the first marriage, that of Benj Bird and Mrs. John Lamphere. in 1794. Benj. Fird kept the first inn. in 1794. and Bateman S. Dickinson the first store. in 1805. The first school was taught by Job Bunnel.
1 4 M. F., 2 Bap., 2 Union. Prot. E .. Presb.
2 Named from Judge John Conklin, one of the early set- flere.
5 The first settlers were Josiah Patterson, Ebenezer Tracy, Edward Edwards, David Manning, . Fliphalet Parsons, and Whittlesey Gleason. The first birth was that of Henry Patter. son, in 1793; the first marriage, that of Solomon Owen and Sylvia Cook ; and the first death, that of Wright Dudley. The first gristmill was built in 1800. by Jacob Hill. The first store was kept by Moses Adams, and the first tavern by O. Wheaton. in 1799.
a Among the carly settlers were Gerret Snedaker. David 6 2 Bap., Cong .. Presb .. and M. E. Bound. Daniel Chapman. Peter Wentz. Asa Rood, Nathaniel 7 Benjamin Norton settled in the town in 1798. The first birth was that of Cynthia, daughter of Winthrop Roc. in July. 1797. The first school was taught by Betsey Ward, in 1>02. Daniel Tagot, Asa Squires, Jobn Bell, Silas Bowker, Joel Lamoreanx. Abraham Sneden, David and Joseph Compton, Abraham Miller, Ebenezer Park, Nord Carr, and Thos. Cooper. The first birth ! Howard built the first gristmill. in 1810; Jared Ketchum kept the was that of William Wentz, Feb. 18, 1795: the first marriage, ! first store, in 1825, and Oliver Whitcomb the first tavern, in 1829. that of Noel Carr and Sally Tousler. in 1503; and the first death. i 8 This name is derived from the Indian name of Nanticoke that of Silas Bowker. The first gristmill was built at " Fitchs | Greck.
183
BROOME COUNTY.
The summits of the highest hills are 100 to 300 feet above the river and 1,200 to 1,400 feet above tide. The town is drained principally by the two branches of Nanticoke Creek, which flow s. through the central portions of the town. The soil upon the hills is a slaty loam underlaid by hardpan. The settlements are principally confined to the valleys. Lambs Corners, in the central part of the town, contains about 12 houses. Nanticoke Springs, in the s. part, and Glen Aubrey, are p. offices. The first settlement was made on Nanticoke Creek, in 1793, by Philip Counselman and John Beachtle, from Luzerne co., Penn.,1 and - Stoddard, from Conn. There are 2 churches in town; Bap. and M. E.
PORT CRANE ?- was forined from Chenango, Dec. 3, 1855. It lies upon the E. bank of Chenango River, extending from the central portions of the co. N. to the borders of Chenango. Its surface consists principally of a high and rolling upland region. The valley of the Chenango is very narrow, and the hills rise steeply to an elevation of 500 to 700 feet above the river. Page Brook flows in a southerly direction through the center of the town, dividing the uplands into 2 distinct ridges. The soil upon the hills is a clay and slaty loam underlaid by hardpan, and in the valleys it consists of a fine, rich gravelly loam and alluvium. Port Crane, (p.v.,) on the Chenango Canal, in the s. part of the town, has a pop. of 193. Doraville, (p. o., ) in the N. part, is a hamlet. Settlement was commenced in 1788, by Elisha Peasc.3 The first religious ser- vices were conducted by Rev. John Camp, in 1798. There is a M. E. church in town.
SANFORD-was formed from Windsor, April 2, 1821. It is the s. E. town of the co., bor- dering upon Delaware River. Its surface is principally occupied by the high, mountainous range that extends between Delaware and Susquehanna Rivers. The summits of the hills are 600 to 900 feet above the valley, and the declivities are usually very steep." The deep, narrow valley of Oquaga Creek, flowing s. through the center of the town, separates the highlands into 2 parts. This valley and that of Delaware River are both bounded by nearly precipitous mountain declivi- ties. In its course the creek has numerous falls, furnishing an abundance of water power. The soil in the valleys is a fertile, gravelly loam, but upon the hills it is a cold, claycy loam underlaid by hardpan. Considerable portions of the central and s. parts of the town are still unsettled. Lumber and leather are largely manufactured. Deposit (p. v.) is situated partly in this town and partly in Tompkins, (Delaware eo.) The depot, several hotels, and about half of the dwellings are in this town. Pop. 1249,-656 in Sandford, 593 in Tompkins.5 Sanford, in the central part of the town, N. Sanford, in the N. part, and Gulf Summit, in the s., are p. offices Settlement commenced in 1787, by Wm. McClure, from N. II., - Whitaker, and Capt. Nathan Dean." There are 3 churches in town; Bap., M. E., and .R. C.
TRIANGLE -- was formed from Lisle, April 18, 1831. It is situated in the extreme N. part of the co., bordering upon both Cortland and Chenango. Its surface consists of a hilly and rolling upland divided into ridges by the valleys of Otselie River and Halfway Brook. The summits of the hills are 300 to 500 feet above the valleys. The soil is generally a gravelly loam, better adapted to grazing than to tillage. Whitneys Point," (p. v.,) situated at the junction of Otselic and Tioughnioga Rivers, contains 3 churches and has a pop. of 205. Upper Liste, (p. v.,) on the Otsclic, in the N. part of the town, contains 2 churches and 35 houses; and Triangle, (p. v .. ) on Halfway Brook, in the s. E. part, 3 churches and 175 inhabitants. The first settlement was made at Whitneys Point, in 1791, by Gen. John Patterson, from Berkshire co., Mass.9 The first religious services were conducted by Deacon Josiah Lee, in 1792; and the first sermon was preached by Rev. Seth Williston, in 1795. There are 9 churches in town.10
1 The first birth was that of Betsey Stoddard. in 1794, and the | first death, that of Miss Bird, sister of Mrs. Stoddard.
2 Named from Jason Crane, one of the engineers on the Chenango Canal.
3 Jaımıl Page and - Vining were among the first settlers. The first birth was that of Chester Pease, in 1793; the first marriage, That of Gardner Wilson and Polly Rugg. in 1800: and the hr -t death. that of Mrs. Pease. in 1789 Elisha Pease erected the first sawmill. in 1797. and Thomas Cooper kept the first store. m ISIS The first school was langht by Ozias Masch, in 1800.
4 The highest point between The two rivers, by the State Road Survey. 1- 1668 feet above tide. 5 Spr pgr 265.
Anthony West. Joseph Page. John Piney, J. P. Appleton, Silas Seward. Capt. Parker, Isaac Denton, and Dexter May. The first marriage was that of Conrad Edict and Elizabeth Whitaker, in
April, 1787; the first birth. that of Phebe Edict, in 1788; and the first death, that of Stephen Whitaker, Oct. 23, 1793. Capt. Dean Imilt the first sawmill, in 1791, the first gristmill, in 1792, opened the first store, in 1794, and kept the first inn. The first school was langht by Ingh Compton, in 1793.
? This name was applied to the tract s. of The Military Tract and " Twenty Towns" and between the Chenango and Tiongh- nioga Rivers, It was bought by Col. Wm. South, at 3 shillings 3 pence per acre. The Chenango Triangle embraces Smithville and part of Greene in Chenango co., and Triangle and part of Barker in Broome.
& Numed from Thos. Whitney
9 In 179: David Seymour and family settled at Whitneys Point; and between 1794 and 1797. Timothy Shepherd, Asa Rodgers. Beni and Hendrick J. Smith, and John Landers, set-
6 Among The first settlers were Daniel Race, Noah Carpenter, Nathan Anstin, Simcon Alexander. Russel Farummm. S. P. Green, i tled at Upper Liste. The first death was that of Mrs. Hannah
Lee, in 1791 The first school was taught by Martha Seymour, in 1793
10 4 Bap., 2 M. E., 2 Cong., and 1 Univ.
184
BROOME COUNTY.
UNION-was formed Feb. 16, 1791. A part of Norwich and Oxford (Chenango co.) were taken off in 1793, a part of Greene (Chenangoco.) in 1798, Tioga (Tioga co.) in 1800, Lisle in 1801, a partof Che- nango in 1808, Vestal in 1823, and Maine in 1848. A part was annexed from Tioga, (Tioga co.,) April 2, 1810, and a part from Lisle, April 11, 1827. It lies upon the N. shore of the Susquehanna, s. w. of the eenter of the co. The surface consists of the Susquehanna intervale and the hilly region N. of it. The highlands are nearly centrally divided by the deep valley of Nanticoke Creck. The soil in the valley consists of a mixed clayey, sandy, and gravelly loam and alluvium, and is very pro- ductive. The hills have a rich soil of slaty and gravelly loam, and are cultivated to their summits. Union, (p. v.,) situated near the Susquehanna, in the s. part of the town, is a station on the N. Y. & E. R. R. The Union News is published at this place. Pop. 520. Union Center, (p. v., ) on Nanticoke Creek, partly in this town and partly in Maine, contains 2 churches and about 40 houses. Hooper, (p. o.,) in the s. part of the town, is a station on the Eric R. R. The first settlement was made in 1785, by Joseph Draper, Nehemiah Crawford, Bryant Stoddard, Nathan Howard, Jabesh Winchop, Caleb Merriman, and Winthrop Roc.1 The first church (Ref. Prot. D.) was organized in 1789, at Union Village, and Rev. John Manley was the first settled preacher. There are 4 churches in town.2
VESTAL-was formed from Union, Jan. 22, 1823. It lies upon the s. bank of the Susque- hanna, and is the s. w. corner town of the co. The surface consists of the river intervale and the hilly region immediately s. of it. The soil upon the hills is a fine quality of slaty loam, and in the valley it is a deep, rich, gravelly loam and alluvium. It is adapted to both grain raising and grazing. Vestal, (p.v.,) ncar the mouth of Big Choconut Creek, contains 1 church and about 45 dwellings, Vestal Center, (p. v.,) on the same stream, 1 church and about 20 houses, and Tracy Creek, (p. o.,) in the w. part, 1 church and about 10 houses. Settlement was com- menced in 1785, by emigrants from New England.3 The M. E. church at Vestal was the first religious organization in town.4
WINDSORS-was formed from Chenango, March 27, 1807. Colesville and Sanford were taken off in 1821, and a part of Conklin in 1851. A part of Conklin was annexed April 18, 1831. It lies upon the s. border of the co., s. E. of the center. Its surface is principally occupied by 2 high ridges separated by the valley of the Susquehanna. Upon the E. side of the valley the hills attain an elevation of 400 to 800 feet above the river, and culminate in several sharp ridges ; on the w. the hills are less elevated, though the highest summits attain an elevation of 400 to 800 feet above the valley.6 The declivities of these hills arc generally quite abrupt. Oquaga Hill, in the N. E. part of the town, is one of the highest peaks, and it has somo historical notoriety. (See p. 180.) The valley of the river is generally narrow. The soil is a deep, rich, gravelly loam in the valleys, and a slaty loam underlaid by clay and hardpan upon the hills. Considerable portions of the E. and s. parts of the town are yet uncultivated. Windsor, (p. v.,) situated on the Susquehanna, near the center of the town, contains 3 churches and Windsor Academy. Pop. 339. Stillson Hollow (West Windsor p. o.) contains about 20 houses. Randolph Cen- ter.7 (p.o.) is a hamlet. The first settlement was made on the Susquehanna, at the mouth of Doo- little Creek, in 1786, by John Doolittle, from Conn.8 The first church (Cong.) was organized Aug. 15, 1793, by Rev. Mr. Judd. There are 5 churches in town.9
1 Among the early settlers were Joshua and John Mersereau, Gen. O. Stoddard, Nehemiah Spaulding, Walter Subin, Capt. Wm. Brink, Moses Chambers, Ezekiel and Oliver Crocker, Jeremiah and Benj. Brown, Amos Patterson, Ahner Rockwell, and Medad And Elisha B. Bradley. The first death was that of Mary J. Fisk. June 13, 1789. James Ross and Jabesh Winchop built the first gristwill, in 1791, and the latter opened the first tavern, the same year. The first school was taught by Flavel Sabin, In 1787. The first birth was that of Joseph Chambers, July 4, 1790. 2 2 i'resb. and 2 M. E.
8 Samuel and Daniel Seymour, David Barney, Daniel Price, Win. Coc. Ruggles Winchel, and Asa Camp. were the first set- llers. Fand. Coe kept the first inn, in 1791, and R. Winchel built the first grist mill, in 1786. The first school was taught by John Boutch, in 1793.
" The censns reports 3 churches; Bap., M. E., and Ref. Meth. 6 Named from Windsor, Conn.
6 The surface of the Susquehanna in this town is about 910 feet above tide.
7 So called from its being the center of Randolph's Patent.
8 David Amaphad and Cyrus Hotchkiss, John Gurnsey and - Swift, settled in town in 1787. The first hirth was that of David Doolittle, Dec. 27, 1786; the first marriage, that of Capt. Andrew English and Miss Rachel Moore; and the first death, that of Mrs. Ashley, the interpreter at the Oquaga Mission, in Ang. 1787. Josiah Stow opened the first inn and store. in 1788, and Nathan Lane built the first gristmill, in 1797. The first school was taught by Stephen Seymour, in 1789.
9 2 M. E., and 1 cach F. W. Bap., Bap., and Presb.
185
BROOME COUNTY.
Acres of Land, Valuation, Population, Dwellings, Families, Frecholders, Schools, Live Stock, Agricultural Products, and Domestic Manufactures, of Broome County.
ACRES OF LAND.
VALUATION OF 1858.
POPULATION.
SCHOOLS.
NAMES OF TOWNS.
Improved.
Unimproved.
Real Estate.
Personal
Property.
Total.
Males.
Females.
No. of Dwellings.
No. of Families.
Frecholders.
El Districts.
Children
taught.
Barker
13,155
9,299
305.712
13,410
319,122
639
685
256
257
Binghamtonª
1,829,290
605,609
2,434,899
Chenango
29,486
21,040}
326,075
20,100
346,175
6,626
6,502
2,305
1,352
12
470
Colesville
27,0234
20,102
536.559
30,806
567,365
1,613
1,522
644
550
27
1,234
Conklin
16,041}
19,513
508,901
22,150
531,051
1,340
1,199
465
483
403
17
1,032
Lisle
13,493
10,963
373,229
18,200
391,489
925
890 971
393
406
355
13
784
Nanticoke.
6,020
8,424
119,895
1,750
340,536 121,645
426
393
152
160
129
7
277
Sanford.
14.3504
40,5094
478,626
3,640
482,266
1,604
1,456
555
559
434
9
362
Triangle.
16,830
8.575
342,724
30,150
372,874
913
872
340
374
283
12
696
Union.
14,167
6,061
534,699
33.386
568,085
1,259
1,204
477
498
383
17
1,046
Vestal.
12,026
13,919
345,156
14.151
359,307
997
970
378
370
363
19
872
Windsor.
22,3671
29,801
492,960
30,085
523,045
1,337
1,300
519
530
480
22
930
à Total
198,839}
205,2084 |
6,710,609
847,717
7,558,326
18,686 17,964
6,436
6,962
5,348 212 12,483
LIVE STOCK.
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS.
BUSH. OF GRAIN.
DAIRY PRODUCTS.
NAMES OF TOWNS.
Horses.
Working
Oren and
Calves.
Coton.
Sheep.
1 Swine.'
Winter.
Spring.
Tons of Hay.
Bushels of
Bushels of
Pounds
Butter.
of Pounds Cheese.
Domestic
Manufactures, in Yards.
Barker
284
1,379
1,326
2,910
741
1,553금
39,504
3,874
9,822
19,154
47,7:27
5,076
1,390
Binghamtonª
1,230
2,659
2,705
7,116
2,192
6,084}
133,403{
7,844
25,207
28,023
212,788
1,220
5,232
740
2.738
2,207
6,185
1,342
3,138
39,5492
7,730}
20,225}
28,248
201,059
7,105
4,435}
Conklin
524
1,722
1,233
4.526
1,194
5,182
78,212
5,205
11,293
17,474
153,514
1,105
1,422
Lisle.
460
1.442
1,212
3,148
588
704
54,705
4.162
10,763
21,640
119,700
5,575
1,947
Maine .
396
1,521
1,131
3,091
742
969
52.6161
3,774}
14,557
9,926
111,265
2,100
1,584
Nanticoke.
173
642
570
629
286
927
18,202₺
1,713
4,433
4,955
66,000
2,470
495
Port Cranes
344
1.630
1,067
2,366
673
2,424
36,299
4,937}
11,998
7,765
238,350
1,216
3,1894
Triangle
503
1,868
1.745
1,858
922
543
36,800
10.552
22,286
208.177
5,207
1,0841
Union ..
448
1,264
1,260
2.240
1.322
4,540
77,248}
3,871}
18,568
23,029
145,251
2,985
551
Vestal ..
369
953
644
1.700
90S
2,3441
41,806
2,632
10,197
9,899
57,562
810
3,056
Windsor
527
2,610
2,016
5,125
1,241
4.064}
159.116:
7,941
12.805
32,064
192,024
6,027
2,865
Total
5,998 20.428 17,116 40,894 12,151|
32.473}
767,4638 53,685 |160,4204 224,403 1.753,417 40,896
127,251
Maine.
13,879}
17,001₺
317,916
22,620
1,008
253
376
382
13
744
Port Cranes
198,867
1,600
200,467
20
1,160
Potatoes.
Apples.
Chenango
Colesville.
Sanford ..
@ Formed since 1855.
No. of
2,876
1,943 705
CATTARAUGUS COUNTY.
THIS county was formed from Genesee, March 11, 1808. It lies upon the Penn. line, near the s. w. corner of the State. It is 260 CAR mi. from Albany, and contains 1,334 sq. mi. The surface is a hilly upland, forming the N. spurs of the Alleghany Mts. The upland is separated by deep valleys into distinct ridges, having a general N. SEAL and s. direction. The valleys deepen toward the s., and the hills rise abruptly to a height of 800 to 1,300 feet above them and 2,500 to 3,000 feet above tide. Nearly the whole co. is very broken; and many of the hills, though arable to their summits, are too steep for UNA profitable cultivation. Toward the N. border the extreme moun- tainous character is somewhat modified, and the summits of the hills spread out into high, rolling uplands. Allegany River enters the s. E. corner of the co. from Penn., flows in a N. w. direction to near the center, thence s. w. to the s. border. It receives Four Mile, Trout, Tunegawant, Red House, Tunessassa, and Split Roek Creeks from the s., and Oswaya, Dodges, Haskill, Ischua, Five Mile, Mill, Wrights, Little Valley, Cold Spring, and Bone Run Creeks from the N. Cattaraugus Creek, forming the N. boundary, receives Buttermilk and South Middle Branch Creeks. Connewango Creek, draining the w. border, flows into Chautauqua eo. Upon all these streams are numerous falls, furnishing an abundance of water-power.
The rocks of this eo. mostly belong to the shales and sandstones of the Portage and Chemung groups. The former are exposed along Cattaraugus Creek, and the lattor in the valleys in the eentral and s. parts of the eo. The summits of the southern hills are covered with Catskill con- glomerate. These rocks afford a good building stone in a few localities, but generally they are too easily acted upon by the elements to be very valuable. Drift deposits are found to some extent, seattered over the co .; and beds of clay, alluvium, and muek are found in limited quantities in the valleys.1 The only lime in the eo. is derived from small, isolated beds of marl and tufa. Springs of sulphur, weak brine, petroleum, and carburetted hydrogen are found in different localities. The "Qil Spring" of Freedom, yielding petroleum, is a place of considerable note. A very small amount of bog iron ore has been discovered in the swamps, but not in sufficient quanti- ties to be profitably worked. The soil in the valleys is a yellowish loam, composed chiefly of dis- integrated sandstone and shale; upon the uplands it is elay alternating with sand and gravel and underlaid by hardpan. The whole region is best adapted to grazing. For many years lumbering has been extensively carried on, and it still is a leading branch of business in the s. part of the co. The pine lands now remaining are exceedingly valuable; and the revenue derived from them forms no inconsiderable portion of the wealth of the eo. Stoek and wool growing and dairying form the leading pursuits in the other parts of the co.
The county seat is located at Ellicottville .? The courthouse is a brick edifice, situated near the center of the village, upon ample grounds donated by the Ilolland Land Company. The clerk's office is a fireproof brick building, adjacent to the courthouse. The jail is a stone building, amply provided for the accommodation and classification of prisoners. The poorhouse is located upon a farm of 200 acres in Machias, 16 mi. N. E. of Ellicottville. The average number of inmates is 35, supported at a weekly cost of $1.40 each. The farm yields a revenue of about $1,000.3
The N. Y. & Erie R. R. enters the eo. from the E., and extends along Oil Spring and Ischua Creeks to Olean, thenee along Allegany River to the mouth of Little Valley Creek, thence up the valley of that creek about 9 mi., and thence in a N. w. direction to the w. border of the co. It passes through the towns of Hinsdale, Olean, Allegany, Carrolton, Great Valley, Bucktooth, Little Valley, Mansfield, New Albion, Persia, Dayton, and Perrysburgh." The Genesee Valley Canal
1 The superficial deposits and alluvinm of the N. and s. por- tions of the co. are essentially different. The hillsides and valleys of the s. are covered with hemlock, and those of the s. with pine. % Upon the organization of the co., in 1508. Jonas Williams. Isaac Sutherland. und Asa Ransom were appointed commissioners to locate the county sent. They fixed upon the site of Ellicott- ville. then a wilderness, and erected a large ironwood post to indicate the spot. Up to 1817 the co. was merged in Ningarna. The first co. courts were held at Olean, July 3, 1817. The first co. officers were Timothy H. Porter, First Judge ; Jaines Brooks,
Ashbel Freeman, and Francis Green, County Judges ; Sands Boughton. County Clerk ; Israel Curtiss, Sheriff; and. JJeremy Wooster, Surrogate. The first courthouse and jail was erected at Ellicottville, in 1817-18. It was burned in 1829. and the present Imildings were soon after erected.
3 This establishment is represented by the Senate Committee of 1857 as being in bad repair and indifferently kept. The food supplied was plain and wholesome; but the house was old and dilapidated, aml little attention was paid to cleanliness.
4 Several railroads have been surveyed through the co., and upon
186
187
CATTARAUGUS COUNTY.
extends through Ilinsdale and Olean, uniting with Allegany River at the latter place. An exten- sion of this canal 7 mi. up the Allegany to the Penn. line is in process of construction.
Five weekly newspapers are now published in the co.1
This co. was included in the territory ceded by the Six Nations to the Holland Land Co. in 1797. Three reservations made within the limits of the co. are held by the Indians at the present day. The Oil Spring Reservation, containing 1 sq. mni., is partly in Ischua, Cattaraugus co., and partly in Cuba, Allegany eo. The Allegany Reservation, containing 42 sq. mi., extends from the Penn. line 25 mi. N. E. along Allegany River. The tract is, on an average, about 2 mi. wide, and em- braces nearly all of the river intervale,-the finest agricultural region in the co. It embraces por- tions of Allegany, Carrolton, Great Valley, Bucktooth, Cold Spring, and South Valley. A small portion of the Cattaraugus Reservation lies in the N. part of Perrysburgl.2 The Philadelphia Quakers established a mission on the Allegany Reservation, in what is now South Valley, as early as 1798. The first permanent settlement was made at Olean, by Maj. Adam Hoops and his bro- ther Robert, from Albany, in 1804. For many years a large share of Western emigration was by way of the Allegany River and Pittsburgh; and, being at the head of boat navigation upon the river, Olean speedily became a place of importanec. Upon the completion of the Erie Canal travel was diverted from this route and improvements advanced very slowly. The completion of the N. Y. & Erie R. R. gave a new impulse to enterprise and industry; and the co. is now rapidly pro- gressing in all the elements of wealth and civilization.
ALLEGANY-was formed from Great Valley, as " Burton," April 18, 1831. Its name was changed March 28, 1851. Humphrey was taken off in 1836. It lies upon the s. border of the co., E. of the eenter. The surface is a hilly upland, broken by the deep valley of Allegany River, which extends E. and w. through the center. The deelivities of the hills are steep, and their highest summits are 700 to 900 feet above the valleys. The streams are Four Mile, Five Mile, and Mill Creeks, tributaries of the Allegany. About nine-tenths of the town is still covered with forests. The soil is a shaly and sandy loam on the hills, and a clayey and gravelly loam in the valleys.
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