USA > New York > Gazetteer of the State of New York: embracing a comprehensive view of the geography, geology, and general history of the State, and a complete history and description of every county, city, town, village, and locality, Part 1 > Part 74
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? Among the first settlers after the Revolution were George Trimble, James Morrow, Aaron Townsend. Dennis Meagher, Andrew llardy, Saml. Foot, and Elisha Rhodes. The first mill WAA & windinill, a short distance s. of the fort. JJatnes Morrow erected the first mill and kept the first inn and store after the Revolution. Wasbington visited Crown Point in 1784.
8 Benj. Wooster was the first preacher after the Revolution. The first clinrch (Cong.) was organized in 1804. The ceusus mports 4 churches; 2 Cong., M. E .. Union.
" Elizabethtown was named " Pleasant Valley" by the first settlers, and is now locally known as " The Valley."
' The census reports 3 churches ; Bap., Cong., M. E.
6 See page 295.
7 A blockhouse was built in this village in 1797, in con- sequence of the alarm occasioned by St. Clair's defeat: and in 1799, upon the organization of the co., it was used for a co. courthouse, and continued as such until the erection of the co. buildings at Elizabethtown, under the act of 1807. 8 See pages 229, 305.
9 Among the first settlers after the Revolution were Danl. Ross, (first merchant and mill owner,) Isaac and Benj. Sheldon, Benj. Stafford, Danl. Murray, llen. Van Ormand, Dr. Colborn Clemens, (first physician, ) David, Abram and Abner Reynolds, Nehemiah Payn, and James Eldrich. The first school was taught by Miss Towner. The first male teacher was Enoch P. Henry.
10 In Oct. 1777, in this town, the retrenting British garrison of Ticonderoga was attacked by a party of "Green Mountain Boys," under Capt. Ebenezer Allen, and 50 men and all the military stores were captured.
Il The census reports 6 che .; M. E., Wes. Meth., 2 Bap., 2 Presb.
302
ESSEX COUNTY.
JAYI-was formed from Willsborough, Jan. 16, 1798. A part of Keene was taken off, in 1808, of Wilmington (as " Dansville") in 1821, and a part of Elizabethtown in 1844. Parts of Peru (Clinton eo.) and Chataugay (Franklin co.) were annexed, March 22, 1822. It lies upon the N. border of the co., w. of the center. The Au Sable Mts., extending through the w. part, gradually decline toward the N. Mts. Hamlin, Clark, and Bassitt, each 2000 feet above tide, are the highest peaks; the Jay Mts., a N. spur of the Adirondacks, lie along the E. border. The extreme s. angle of the town is oc- eupied by some of the most lofty and rocky peaks of the Adirondacks. The E. branch of the Au Sable flows through near the center of the town. Veins of black lead have been found, but not worked. Iron ore is found in abundance. The soil is a light, sandy and gravelly loam. A mineral spring, near Upper Jay, contains iron and sulphur. The manufacture of bar iron, nails, and bloom iron is extensively carried on. Au Sable Forks, (p.v.,) an iron manufacturing village, contains 70 houses ; Jay (p. v.) 50, and Upper Jay (p. v.) 20. Nathaniel Mallory was the first settler, about 1796.2 The first church (Bap.) was formed in 1797; the first preacher was Solomon Brown.8
KEENE-was formed from Elizabethtown and Jay, March 19, 1808. North Elba was taken off in 1849. It extends from the center of the co. toward the N. and w. The Adirondack Mts. extend through the center of the town and occupy nearly its entire surface, leaving little or no arable land. The principal peaks are Mt. Marcy, 5467 feet above tide; Long Pond Mt., 3000 feet; and Pitch Off,4 2500 feet. The Au Sable, flowing N., forms the principal drainage. The valley is so narrow that there is scarcely room for a road between the mountain and stream; and freshets often occur that sweep every thing before them.5 Lake Colden, in the s. w. part, is 2,851 ft. above tide. Iron is found in numerous veins along the course of the river, and is manufactured to some extent. Keene (p. v.) contains about 30 houses. The first settlement was made about 1797.6 The M. E. church was organized in 1800, and the Cong. in 1815.
LEWIS-was formed from Willsborough, April 4, 1805, and named in honor of Morgan Lewis, then Governor of the State. Parts of Elizabethtown were taken off in 1844 and 1854. The Adiron- dack Mts. occupy the N. w. and the Boquet Mts. the s. E. part of the town. The latter range is not a continuous ridge through this town, but consists of several isolated peaks, the principal of which is Mt. Discovery, 2000 feet above tide. The remaining parts of the town consist of steep rocky hills and narrow valleys, and not more than one-third of the surface is susceptible of cultivation. Numerous beds of iron orc are found; but none have been extensively worked. The soil is a sandy and gravelly loam. In the N. w. part is a mineral spring of some repute. Lewis (p. v.) contains 130 inhabitants. Wm. Hinckley made the first purchase of land and the first settlement, in 1796.7 The first church (Cong.) was formed in 1804; and the first preacher was Rev. Mr. Burbank.8
MINERVA-was formed from Schroon, March 7, 1817; a part of Newcomb was taken off in 1828. It is the s. E. eorner town of the co. Its surface is a high, broken upland, bordered by mountain ranges. The Boquet Range traverses the N. w. border, and the Schroon Range the s. E. The intermediate portion is hilly, with a mean elevation of 1200 to 1500 feet above tide. Nearly the whole town is still covered with forests, the settlements being confined to the s. E. corner. The soil is cold and hard, and only moderately productive. On Orrin West's farm is a cave of considerable extent. Lumbering is the leading pursuit. Olmsteadville9 (p. v.) contains 20 houses; Minerva is a p. o. The first settlers were Ebenezer West, and his sons Nathan, Ebenezer and John, in 1804.10 The first church (Bap.) was formed in 1810, by Elder Fort.11
MORIAH-was formed from Crown Point and Elizabethtown, Feb. 12, 1808. A part of
1 Named from John Jay, then Governor of New York.
2 Among the other first settlers were J. W. Southinaid, Joseph Storrs, John Purmort, Robert Otis, Ezekiel Lock wood, Nathl. Ray, Josiah Way, and Joseph Fowler. Wm. Mallory built the first mill. 8 The census reports 6 churches; Bap., Cong,, and 4 M. E. 4 A perpendicular cliff on the north side of this mountain, 300 to 500 feet high. gives to it its singular name.
5 A most destructive flood occurred from excessive rains, Sept. 30, 1856; and the damage which this occasioned was increased by the breaking away of the State dam across the s. branch of the Au Sable, in this town. The testimony relating to this acci- dent (forming a vol. of 368 pp.) was printed by order of the Canal Board, in 1858.
6 Among the first settlers were Benj. Payne, Timothy Pang- burn, Thos. Roberts, Zadock IIurd, Eli Hall, Thos. Taylor, Gen. Reynolds, and David Graves. The first child born was Betsey Payne; the first marriage, that of Thos. Dart and Cynthia Gris- wold; and the first death, that of Eli Bostwick. Asn A. Andreas taught the first school, and Zadock Hurd kept the first inn.
7 Among the other early settlers were Dea. Putnam, Samuel Bishop, Charles, Saml., and Noah Lee, Ishmael II. Holcomb. Hooker and Timothy Woodruff, Ziba Westcott, and Ziba Flagg. The first child born was Oliver Holcomb; the first marriage. that of Timothy Woodruff and Eunice Newell; and the first death of an adult, that of Mrs. John Smith. Levi Parsons taught the first school.
8 The census reports 1 M. E. church. A Meth. church was formed in 1808.
9 There is an extensive tannery at Olmsteadville, which makes the village.
10 Among the other first settlers were Wm. Hill, (first mill owner.) Thos. Leonard. Richard Miller, Abner Talman, James Cary, Philo Hawley, and A. P. and Asa Morse. The first settle- ments were chiefly made along the line of the Canton and Chester Road. The first child born was Francis West; the first marriage, that of Richard Miller and - West; and the first death. that of Elizabeth West.
11 The census reports 3 churches; Bap., M. E., R. C.
303
ESSEX COUNTY.
Neweomb was taken off in 1828, North Hudson in 1848, and a part of Westport was annexed, April 9, 1849. It lies upon the shore of Lake Champlain, s. of the center of the co. A narrow strip of level land extends along the shore of the lake, from which the surface gradually rises to a height of about 500 feet, where it spreads out into a hilly plateau region, rising into mountains on the w. border. About one-half of the surface is susceptible of cultivation. The soil upon the lake is a clayey loam, and in the hilly regions a light, sandy loam. This town is very rich in minerals. Fourteen veins of iron ore have been opened, producing iron of a very superior quality:1 the supply seems to be inexhaustible. Black lead, and a beautiful varicty of verd antique serpentine, are also found. The manufacture of iron forms one of the leading pursuits. Moriah (p. v.) contains Moriah Academy and a pop. of 275, and Port Henry2 (p. v.) contains a pop. of 503. The first settlers after the Revolution were Wm. Mckenzie, Abel Butler, James McClane, Jabez Carpenter, G. H. and John Havens, and Joseph Curtis.3 The first church formed was a Cong.4
NEWCOMB-was formed from Minerva and Moriah, March 15, 1828. It lies near the center of the w. border of the co. The Adirondack Range extends through the center of the town and occupies more than one-half of its entire surface. The principal peaks are Mts. Goodwin, Moore, Sandanona, and Henderson, cach 3,000 to 5,000 feet above tide. The remaining part of the surface is a broken upland, with a hard, sour, unproductive soil. Among the gorges in the mountains are numerous small lakes. The Preston Ponds, Lakes Henderson, Harkness, San- ford, Harris, Dalia, Moose, and Ridge Pond, are within the limits of the town; and Lake Catlin and the Chain Lakes are on the line of Hamilton co. The Adirondack iron beds, near Lakes Sanford and Henderson, are among the most extensive in the world. One of them has been traced upon the surface for a mile in length, 700 feet in width, and has been penetrated to the depth of 40 feet without any signs of diminution in quantity or quality of ore. It forms a bar across the river, the water literally falling over an iron dam. This ore yields 75 per cent. of pure metal, is easily worked, and makes an admirable quality of iron. For the manufacture of steel it surpasses all other ores in America, and equals those of the most celebrated mines of Sweden and Russia. The mountainous character of this town, and its remoteness from the great routes of public improve- ment, have prevented the development of its immense mineral resources. There is very little tillable land in the town. Adirondack has about 15 houses. The first settlement was commenced in 1816, by Joseph Chandler.5 A M. E. church was formed in 1843, and a Wes. Meth. in 1845.
NORTHI ELBA-was formed from Keene, Dec. 13, 1849. It lies upon the w. border of the co., N. of the center. The Adirondack Range occupies the s. part, and a branch of the Au Sable traverses the N. E. part. At the foot of Whiteface Mt. lics Lake Placid, a beautiful sheet of water, 4} mi. long by 1} broad, and ncarly divided in the center by 3 islands. The noted Adirondack or Indian Pass, partly in this town and partly in N. Elba, is a deep gorge between Mts. Mcintyre and Wallface. The bottom of the pass is 2,800 feet above tide, and the mountains on each side are 1,000 to 1,500 feet higher. Wallface, forming the w. border of the pass, is bounded by a per- pendicular precipice a mile in length and 800 to 1,000 feet in height. Mts. McIntyre, McMartin, and Sugar Loaf are each over 3,000 ft. high. Bennets, Connery, and Round Ponds are in the immediate vicinity. Avalanche Lake, on the E. line, is 2,901 ft. above tide. The central portion of the town is a hilly upland, and the N. w. part a rolling table land, known as "the Plains." The Au Sable and Saranac Rivers form the principal drainage. The soil is a thin, sandy and gravelly loam. The people are principally engaged in lumbering. North Elba and Saranac Lake are p. offices. Settlement was commenced about 1800, by Elijah Bennett.6 The first church (Cong.) was formed in 1824; and the first preacher was the Rev. Cyrus Comstock.
1 In 1852, 26,800 tons of ore were exported from Moriah to Penn., Vt., Va., Me., and Md. The quantity contracted for ex- portation from that town, in 1853, amounted to 107,500 tons, of which 16,000 were to Penn., 10,000 to Masa., 3500 to Vn., 1500 to Ohio. 1500 to N. J., and 1000 to Me .- Tr. N. F. S. Ag. Soc., 1852, p. 827.
2 The site and water power of Port Henry were granted to Benj. Porter in 1766. It is supposed that he erected a mill soon after, which was destroyed during the Revolution. After the war, he returned, and, in connection with Robt. Lewis, of Albany, rebuilt the mill, which has remained np to a recent date. One of the first furnaces in the co. was erected here in 1824, by Maj. James Dalliba. It was a cold blast furnace. and was used for the manufacture of pig iron, and the casting of hollow ware and agricultural implements. Several extensive anthracite coal furnaces have lately been put in operation.
first death, that of John Atwater, (by drowning.) Miss Abi Collins taught the first school. The first authorized ferry was granted to Robert Lewis, April 3, 1811. for 10 years.
+ The census reports 5 churches; Bap., M. E., Presb., R. C., Union.
6 .James Chandler, Collins Hewitt, and Wm. Butler came in to reskle in 1818. Among the other first settlers were Elijah Bissell, Abner Belden, David Pierce, Cromwell Catlin, and James Ramsey. The first child born was Nathl. P. Hewitt ; the first marriage, that of Abner Belden and Bershelia Butler; and the first death, that of Eliza Butler. Harriet Chaudler taught the first school.
6 Among the other early settlers were Isaac Griswold Eb'r Mack, Jonathan Bliss and son, Iddo Osgood, Jerem. Kneeland, James Porter, and Daniel McArthur. The first marriage was that of Elijah McArthur and Electa Brooks; and the first death, that of Arnnah Taylor, who perished by cold in the woods.
8 The first child born was Alex. Mckenzie, in 1785; the first marriage, that of John Ferris and Deborah Wilcox ; and the | Fanny Dart taught the first school.
304
ESSEX COUNTY.
NORTHI HUDSON-was formed from Moriah, April 12, 1848. It is an interior town, lying a little s. of the center of the co. The Boquet Mts. occupy the central and w. portions, the principal peaks of which are Dix Peak, 5200, and Nipple Top, 4900 feet high. The Schroon Mts. traverse the E. border of the town. There are numerous small lakes in town, the principal of which are Bull Pout, Mud, Boreas, and Clear Ponds. The soil is a light, sandy loam, and not more than one-eighth of the surface is arable. The Moriah iron district cxtends into the E. part, and the manufacture of iron forms a leading pursuit. North Hudson (p. v.) contains 15 houses; and Dead Water Iron Works (p. o.) 10. The first settler was Benj. Pond.2 The first church (M. E.) was formed in 1838.
ST. ARMAND-was formed from Wilmington, April 23, 1844. It derived its name from the old French name of the Saranac River. It is the N. w. corner town of the co. Its surface is rolling and is inclined toward the N. w. The ridges extend in a N. E. and s. w. direction, and are 200 to 300 feet above the valleys. The average height of the town is 1500 to 1800 feet above tide. The Saranac, flowing in a N. E. direction, forms the principal drainage. Moose Creek, a tributary, flows through Moose Pond, a small lake covering an area of about 200 acres. The soil is a sandy and gravelly loam. The people are chiefly engaged in lumbering. Bloomingdale, (p. v.,) in the N. w. corner, the only village, contains about a dozen houses. Settlements are of recent date. Among the first settlers were Daniel Crouch, Thos. and Antrim Peck, Geo. Lowrie, of recent date. Among the first settlers were Daniel Crouch, Thos. and Antrim Pcck, Geo. Lowrie, Wm. Stranahan, Aaron Brimhall, and Ellis and Milton Goodspeed.8 The first church (Bap.) was formed in 1852.
SCHROON-was formed from Crown Point, March 20, 1804. Minerva was taken off in 1817, and a part was reannexed to Crown Point, Feb. 26, 1840. It lies near the center of the s. border of the co. The w. and N. w. portions are occupied by the Schroon Range, and the s. E. portion by the Kayaderosseras Range. Mt. Pharaoh, the highest peak of the latter range, is 3000 to 3500 feet above tide. There are great numbers of other elevated mountain peaks, that have never been named. Not more than one-fourth of the town is susceptible of cultivation ; and the greater part of the arable land is in the narrow valley of Schroon River. Schroon Lake is a fine body of water, 10 mi. long. Near the foot of Mt. Pharaoh lies a cluster of small lakes, the principal of which is Pharaoh Lake. Paradox Lake" is near the center. The soil is a thin, sandy loam. Iron is found in various parts, and black lead has also been found. Schroon Lake (p. v.) contains 192 inhabitants. Schroon River is a p. o. Settlement was commenced in 1797, by Samuel Scribner, Thos. Leland, Moses Pettee, Benj. Bowker, and Simeon Rawson, all froin New England.6 The first church (Bap.) was organized in 1830.7 Jehial Fox was the first preacher.
TICONDEROGA8-was formed from Crown Point, March 20, 1804. It lies upon the shore of Lake Champlain, and is the s. E. corner town of the co. The portion between Lakes George and Champlain is the extremity of a mountain ridge ending in Mt. Defiance, 750 feet above the surface of the lakc. North of this a strip of level land, about 4 mi. wide, extends along the lake shore, from which the surface gradually rises into the mountainous region which forms its w. border. About three-fourths of the town is susceptible of cultivation. The outlet of Lake George, the principal strcam, in the course of a mile and a half descends 150 feet; and as the water never freczes, and its quantity does not materially change during the year, it furnishes one of the most valuable water-powers in the State. The soil is a stiff clay upon the lake, a claycy loam in the center, and a sandy loam in the w. part. The manufacture of lumber,9 leather, and black lead1 is extensively carried on. Ticonderoga, (p. v.,) or Lower Falls, contains 325 inhabitants. Upper Falls is a village of 40 houses, and Ti Street of 30. Settlements were begun in this town by the French, soon after the commencement of the fortress in 1755; but they were soon
1 Named from its location upou the upper branches of the Hudson.
2 Among the first settlers were Randall Farr, (first innkeeper,) Wm. Pond, Samnel Norton, Wm. Everett, Benj. Cummings, Russell Walker, Wm. Mallory, Timothy Chellis. Hez'h Keep, and Titus Walker. The first death was that of Mrs. Halloway. Janet Post taught the first school.
8 The first child born was Silas Crouch ; the first marriage, that of Adrian Storrs and Lovina Hough ; and the first death, that of - Goodspeed.
4 This name is said to be a corruption of "Scharon," and to have been applied in honor of the Duchess of Scharon, favorite of Louis XIV. Some say Schroon is derived from an Adiron- dack word, signifying a child or daughter of the mountain.
5 The surface of thie lake is so near the level of the Schroon River, which forms its outlet, that in seasons of flood the water dows into instead of out of it; hence its not inappropriate name.
6 Among the other early settlers were George Moore. Elijah Garfield, James Livingston, Geo. Whitney, Cornelius Travers, Abel Tupp, and John Bowker. The first child born was JJohn T. Leland; the first marriage, that of John Scribner and Silence Leland ; and the first death, that of Mrs. Benj. Bowker. Clark Ransom taught the first school.
7 The census reports 4 churches; Bap., M. E., Presb., Union.
8 The Indian name "Tsinondrosie," or " Cheonderoga." sig- nifying " Brawling Water," and the French name "Carillon," signifying a " Chime of Bells," were both suggested by the noise of the rapids upon the outlet of Lake George.
9 In 1852, 600,000 pieces of lumber were shipped from this point.
10 Above 30 tons of black lead are manufactured per year ; and the vein of graphite seems inexhaustible.
305
ESSEX COUNTY.
broken up. During the French War many skirmishes1 and one general engagement2 took place in the town. The subsequent history of the fortress belongs to the general history of the country. Permanent settlement commenced immediately after the Revolution." The first church was St. Pauls, Prot. E .; and the first preacher, Rev. Mr. Harwood.5
WESTPORT-was formed from Elizabethtown, March 24, 1815. It lies upon the shore of Lake Champlain, near the center of the E. border of the co. The Schroon Mts. extend N. E. and s. w. through the town, occupying nearly all of the w. half. A wide valley extends w. from Northwest Bay, breaking the continuity of this range and completely separating the higlilands at Split Rock from the southern continuation of the chain. The Boquet and its branches drain the N. part, and numerous small streams flowing into the lake drain the remainder. About one-half of the surface is susceptible of cultivation. The soil is clayey along the lake shore and sandy among the mountains. Iron, leather, and lumber are largely manufactured. Westport, (p. v.,) formerly " Northwest Bay," contains the Essex Academy and 456 inhabitants. Wadhams Mills (p. v.) contains 25 houses. A small settlement was begun, and a mill built in the s. part of the town, before the Revolution. After that period, settlement was commenced by Charles Hatch, (first store and inn keeper, ) Joseph Stacy, and Nathan Hammond.6 The first church (M. E.) was formed in 1800, and the first preacher was Rev. Cyrus Comstock.7
WILLSBOROUGH-was formed from Crown Point, March 7, 1788, and named from Wm. Gilliland. A part of Peru was taken off in 1792, Jay in 1798, Chesterfield in 1802, and Essex and Lewis in 1805. A part of Peru was reannexed to this town upon the formation of Essex co. in 1799. It lies upon the shore of Lake Champlain, N. of the center of the co. The surface is rolling and in parts hilly. A range of highlands and isolated hills marks the course of the Boquet Mts., ending in the cliffs which overlook Perou Bay. The Boquet River flows through the s. E. corner. East of the river the soil is clayey, and w. a sandy loam. The falls upon the Boquet furnish an excellent water power. Iron is found in places ; and the Black River limestone crops out, from which both quicklime and waterlime are obtained. Leather, lumber, and iron are largely manufactured. Willsborough Falls (Willsborough p. o.) contains 300 inhabitants. Settlement was commenced by Wm. Gilliland, a merchant of New York, in 1765.ยบ Mr. G., in 1764, purchased a tract of 2000 acres, intending to convert it into a manor. He sue- ceeded in laying the foundation of quite a flourishing settlement, which was broken up during the Revolution. In 1784, Mr. G. returned, and commenced selling his land to settlers. Joseph Sheldon and Abraham Aiken, from Dutchess co., became the first purchasers, and located in 1784.9 The first church (Cong.) was organized before 1800.10
WILMINGTON-was formed from Jay, March 27, 1821, as " Dansville." Its name was changed March 22, 1822, and St. Armand was taken off in 1844. It lies upon the N. border of the co., w. of the center. A branch of the Au Sable Mts. occupies the N. w. border of the town, and another branch of the same range lies between the Au Sable Forks in the E. part. The highest peaks, 2500 to 3000 feet high, lie in the s. part, and from them the surface declines toward the N. Wilmington Notch, in the s. w. corner, is a place worthy of note.11 Copperas Pond, near the foot of Whiteface, covers about 100 acres.12 Beds of iron ore are numerous. The soil is a sandy and
1 Bodies of rangers from the vicinity of Fort Wm. Henry often carried their petty warfare up to the very walls of the fortress. Among the partisan officers distinguished in this warfare were Maj. Rohert Rogers and Maj. Israel Putnam. The former named officer eondueted no less than 25 parties to the invasion of this region. In 1758, at the head of a party of 180 men, he was attacked hy a large party of French and Indians a short distance w. of the fort, and defeated, with the loss of 125 men. The remnant of the party escaped, but suffered great hardships before reaching a place of safety. 2 Ser p. 298.
3 When the fortress of Ticonderoga was surprised hy Allen, in in 1786. Jonathan Lynde and Stephen Taylor kept the first inn, 1775, it- garrison consisted of 48 men, commanded by Capt. Jolin Hoffman the first store, and Danl. Ross built the first mill. 10 The census reports 3 churches; Cong. M. E., and Union. Delaplace. The military stores eaptured consisted of 120 iron cannon. 50 swivels, 2 10 inch mortars, 1 howitzer, 1 cohorn, 10 11 llere the Au Sable is compressed to a few feet in width, and large quantity of shells, a warehouse full of materials for boat building. 100 stand of small arms, 10 easks of poor powder, 2 brass cannon. 30 bbls. of flour, 18 hbls. of pork, and a large quantity of other provisione.
+ Among the first settlers were Charles Hay, Isaac Kellogg, (Arst merchant.) Wm. Hurlbert. Win. Wilson, (first innkeeper,) 19 Its waters are strongly Impregnated with sulphate of iron : Nathl., Charles, Noah, and Manoah Miller, John Kirby, John hence its name. Copperas is also found in the rocks in the and Robt. llammond, Jedediah Ferris, Francis Arthur, Peter Deall. Elisha Belden, Gardner Shattuck, and Samuel Cook.
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