USA > New York > Gazetteer of the State of New York: embracing a comprehensive view of the geography, geology, and general history of the State, and a complete history and description of every county, city, town, village, and locality, Part 1 > Part 61
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in Virgil, and 4 lots in the s. w. corner of Cincinnatis, Two ad- ditional townships (JJunius, Cayuga co .. and Galen. Wayne co.) were set apart by the Land Commissioners, July 31. 1790. to sup- ply the deficiency thus occasioned in the Military Tract.
2 Gen. Van Cortlandt was an extensive owner of lands upon the Military Tract in this and adjoining counties.
251
CORTLAND COUNTY.
Manufactures are of limited extent. The completion of the Syracuse, Binghaniton, and New York R. R. through this eounty has given an additional impulse to every branch of business, and has greatly enhanced the value of the farms by furnishing an casy and direet avenue to market.1
Cortland Village, the county scat, is situated upon the Tioughnioga, near the center of the town of Cortlandville. The county clerk's office and the court house are finely situated in the center of the village .? The jail is located in the basement of the court house, the floors of the cells being 4 or 5 feet below the surface of the ground. The average number of prisoners is 2. The poor house is situated upon a farm of 118 aeres, 3 mi. N. E. of Cortland Village. The average number of inmates is about 50. The farm yields a revenue of $600.
There are four papers published in the county.3
Few events of general interest have occurred in this county. Settlement began in Ilomer in 1791, in Virgil and Cortlandville in 1794, and in several other towns before the commencement of the present eentury. Being remote from the great routes of travel, its settlement advanced but slowly for many years, and the fertile but more distant valley of the Genesce had been mostly taken up by immigrants before civilization spread over the hills and along the valleys of Cortland county. The fear of Indian massaere then had not entirely subsided, and at times occasioned distress almost as real as if hostilities actually existed. The wild beasts often claimed a share of the little floeks and herds of the pioneers; and long, weary forest roads to distant mills and markets, for many years, proved a heavy burden to the carly settlers in this and many other sections of the State not favored with navigable streams.
CINCINNATUS-was formed from Solon, April 3, 1804. It embraced the township of Cin- einnatus, or No. 25 of the military traet, a name applied by the Land Commissioners upon its first survey. The present town is one-fourth of its original size,-having been reduced by the erection of Freetown, Willett, and Marathon, in 1818. It lies upon the eastern border of the county, s. of the eenter. Its surface consists of the narrow valley of the Otselic River and of the high ridges which rise upon each side. Deep ravines, forming the valleys of small tributaries to the river, extend laterally far into the highlands, dividing nearly the whole surface of the town into steep ridges of hills. The soil is generally a gravelly loam, and best adapted to grazing. Cincinnatus (p. v.) contains about 290 inhabitants, and Lower Cincinnatus 150. The former contains 3 churches4 and an academy.5 The first settlers were Ezra and Thos. Rockwell, from Lenox, Mass., who located upon lot 19; and Dr. John McWhorter, from Salem, N.Y., on lot 29, in 1795.8 The first church (Presb.) was formed by a union of the people of Cincinnatus, Solon, Taylor, and Pitcher, Chenango eo.
1 This road is built along the Toughnioga Valley, connecting | The Cortland Journal, and in 1832 as
with the N. Y. C. R. R. at Syracuse, and with the N. Y. & E. R. R. The Cortland Advocate. It was published successively by C at Binghamton. It has stations at Preble, Little York, Homer, Cortlandville, Blodgets Mills, State Bridge, and Marathon.
2 The county courts were first directed to be held at the schoolhouse on lot 45, in Homer. By an act of April 5, 1810, Joseph L. Richardson, of Auburn, Nathan Smith. of Ilerkimer, aud Nathaniel Locke, of Chenango, were appointed commission- ers to select the site for a court house, and $2000 was appro- priated for the erection of the building. The first county officers were John Keep, First Judge ; Wm. Mallory, Sheriff; and John Mc Whorter, Surrogate.
& The Cortland Courier was established at Homer in 1810 by Jas. & Saml. Percival. In 1812 H. R. Bender & R. Washi- burne became the proprietors, and changed its name to The Farmers Journal. They sold it to Jesse Searl in 1813, by whom it was issued as
The Cortland Repository, and continued until 1825. Then Milton A. Kinney became proprietor. and changed its title to The Cortland Observer. It passed into the hands of S. S. Brad- ford in 1833, and in 1836 into those of - IIolines, by whom its title was changed to
The Homer Eagle. In 1837 it was united with the Cortland Re- publican, and lasned by R. A. Reid as
The Republican and Engle, and continued until 1852. C. B. Gould then became proprietor, and changed it to
The Cortland County Whig. In 1856 it was sold to J. R. Dixon, and by him it is now published as
The Cortland County Republican.
The Protestant Sentinel was started at Homer in 1831 by John Maxson. and continued until 1$33.
The Cortland Republican was commenced in 1815, at Cortland Village, by James Percival. and was continned by him, by Osborn & Campbell, and by the Campbell Bros., until 1821.
The Western Courier was founded at llomer in 1821 by Roberts & llull. and was soon after removed to Cortland Village. | mill, in 1814.
In 1824 it appeared &8
W. Gill, H. S. Randall, and David Fairchild, aud in 1845 it was styled
The Cortland Democrat. Seth Haight & II. G. Crouch have been interested in its management; and it is now pub- lished by A. P. Cole, as
The Cortland Gazette, which name it received in 1857. The Cortland Chronicle was started in 1828 by Reed & Osboru. It was sold to R. A. Reed in 1832. and by him called
The Anti- Masonic Republican. In 1833 it was styled
The Cortland Republican, and in 1837 it was united with The Homer Eagle.
The Liberty Herald, semi-mo., was published at Cortlaud Village iu 1844 and '45 by E. F. Graham.
The True American and Religious Examiner was started in 1845, at Cortland Village, by C. B. Gould. The follow- ing year it passed into the hands of S. R. Ward, was issued by him as
The True Anerican, and contimed until 1848.
The Republican Banner was started in 1858 by E. D Van Slyck & P. Il. Bateson.
The South Cortland Luminary was published in 1840. at South Cortland, by M. Reynolds.
The Morning Star was published at McGrawville in 1850, aud The Central Reformer in 1858.
4 Cong., Bap., Meth.
6 Cincinnatus Academy was chartered by the regents, April 21.1857.
4 Eb'r Crittenden. from Barrington, Mass., removed to the pre- sent town of Willett in 1793, and to the present limits of this town in 1797. The first child born was Sally Rockwell, the first marriage that of Dr. Mcwhorter to Katy Young. and the first death that of Daniel Hartshorn .- all in 1796. Mrs. H. Brebe taught the first school, in 1797; Col. John Kingman, the first inn; Elijah Bliss, the first store; and Ephi'm Fish built the first
252
CORTLAND COUNTY.
CORTLANDVILLE-was formed from IIomer, April 11, 1829, and embraces the southern half of the original township of IIomer, and a small portion of the N. E. corner of Virgil. The name was applied to the town from its being the county seat of Cortland county. It is situated at the junction of the eastern and western branches of the Tioughnioga River, and extends from the eentral portion of the county to the extreme western border. The surface of much of the town is level ; but the eastern and southern parts are hilly. From an eminence just w. of Cortland Village ean be seen 7 distinct valleys, separated by ranges of hills radiating in different directions. The ridges are 200 to 400 feet above the valleys; and the southern part of the town is a broken upland region, the hills being arable to their summits. The tributaries of the Tioughnioga in this town are Trout Brook from the E. and Dry and Otter Brooks from the w. A small part of the western portion of the town is drained by streams flowing westward into Cayuga Lake. In the s. w. part of the town are three small ponds, fed by springs, and furnishing an almost unlimited supply of marl, from which an excellent quality of lime is manufactured.1 The soil is generally a sandy or gravelly loam. Cortland Village? (p.v.) is finely situated upon the Tioughnioga, near the center of the town. It contains an academy,3 5 churches, 3 hotels, and a population of 1,576. McGrawville (p. v.) is situated upon Trout Brook, 4} mi. E. of Cortland Village. It contains 3 churches and several manufacturing establishments, and is the seat of the N.Y. Central College.+ Pop. 558. South Cortland, (p.v.,) in the s. w. part of the town, contains 161 inhabitants. Blodgets Mills is a p.o. The first settlers of this town were Jonathan Hubbard and Col. Moses Hopkins,-the former upon the lot where Cortland Village now stands, and the latter upon lot 94.5 The census reports 9 churches in town.6
FREETOWN-was formed from Cincinnatus, April 21, 1818, and embraces the N. w. quarter of that township. Lot 20 of Virgil was annexed in 1850. It is situated upon the ridge between the Otselic and Tioughnioga Rivers, s. E. of the center of the county. It is high and hilly, and its surface is much broken by the narrow ravines of the watercourses which flow N. and s. A considerable part of the more hilly portions is yet covered with the original forests. Its soil is a sandy and gravelly loam, and is best adapted to pasturage. Freetown Corners (p. v.) has 2 churches and about 100 inhabitants. Robert Smith, a soldier of the Revolution, drew lot 2, and, accompanied by his son-in-law, Ensign Rice, took possession of it in 1795.7 The first church (Bap.) was organized in 1810, by Elder Caleb Shepard, of Lisle, who was the first preacher.8
HARFORD-was formed from Virgil,9 May 2, 1845, and it embraces the s. w. quarter of that township. It is the s. w. corner town in the county. Its surface consists of a high, broken upland, 500 to 700 feet above the valleys and 1500 to 1700 feet above tide. The Owego Hills, in the southern part, are the most elevated portions. The declivities are usually steep, and often rocky, and the summits are crowned with forests. One half of the town is yet a wilderness. The streams are mere brooks. The soil is a moderately productive sandy and gravelly loam, best adapted to pasturage. Harford (p. v.) contains 30 houses, and South Harford 20. The first settler was Dorastus De Wolf, in 1803.10 Religious meetings were held as early as 1804; but the first church (Bap.) was not organized till 1815.11
HOMER-was formed March 5, 1794. Solon was taken off in 1798, Virgil in 1804, and Cortlandville in 1829. It lics upon the w. border of the county, N. of the center. Its surface
1 Crandalls Pond covers an area of 15 acres ; Swains, 6, and | ington co., settled on lot 22. In 1806, Remembrance Curtiss Fet- Chatterdons, 4. The marl is generally of an ash color when first taken out. but the vegetable matter which it contains whitens upon exposure to the air. When partially dried. it is moulded into the form of bricks, and these are thoroughly dried and burned. The greatest known thickness of these deposits of mart is abont 20 feet .- Grol. Third Dist., p. 291. 2 Incorp. 8 The Cortlandville Academy, incorp. JJan. 13, 1843.
+ This institution was incorp. in 1850. It was originally started as a manual labor school, and is open to all, without dis- tinction of color or sex.
5 In 1795, Thos. Wilcox. from Whitestown, located upon lot 94: Reuben Dond. from New Haven, Jas. and John Morse, and Joseph Lee. upon lot 75. In 1796-97, Aaron Knapp located near Cortland Village, - Hotchkiss upon lot 73, and Saml. Inglis and son ou lot 75. In 1800. Wilmot Sperry (from Woodbridge, Conn ) settled on Iot 73: and a few settlers came yearly until 1810, when the growth became more rapid. The first school- house strand on the present site of the Eagle Hotel. The first inn was kept by Samt. Inglis, in ISIO.
6 2 Bap., 2 M. E., 2 Presb, Christian, Ref. Presb., and Univ.
7 About 10 years after. Smith and Rice sold their improve- ments to Saml. G Hathaway and Samt. Jennings; and about the same time Caleb Shepard and David H. Munro, from Wash-
tled on lot 12; and Curtis and Chas. Richardson, from Saratoga co., on lot 32. Henry Gardner. Win. Tuthill. Jacob Hicks. Gideon Chapin, Simeon Doty, John Backus, and Amos Eaton. were among the other carly settlers. The first marriage was that of Robert Smith, jr., with Amity Sunth. The first school teacher was Don A. Robertson. The first store was kept by Peter Mc Vean, at "The Corners." The first permanent merchant was Walton Sweetland, still a resident of the town.
8 The census reports 3 churches ; 1 Bap., 2 M. E.
" The p.o. of " Worthington" was established in this part of Virgil in 1525 or '26. Its name was changed to Harford about 10 years after. From this the town derives its name.
10 Among the other first settlers were Thos. Nichols, in 1804, Jolin Green, in 1805, Eben Burgess, - Barns, Gordon Bur- lingame, Nathan Heaton, Theodore E. Hart, and Lewis Moore. Theodore E. Ilart kept the first store, in 1824. The first birth was that of Dr. Chas. Barns: the first marriage. that of Obed Graves and Alice Munroe ; and the first death, that of Dorastus De Wolf. Betsey Carver taught the first schod. in 180G; Lewis Moore kept the first inn; and Nathan Heaton built the first grist mill, in 1814.
11 The census reports 3 churches; Christian, Cong .. and Union.
253
CORTLAND COUNTY.
is quite uneren, consisting of the valleys of the two branches of the Tioughnioga River and the ridges which border upon them. The valley of the western branch is over a mile wide, and elevated 1,096 feet above tide. The eastern valley is narrower. A ridge of hills. 200 to 500 feet above the river, separates the two valleys; and a similar ridge occupies the s. E. corner of the town. The western part is a hilly upland, 1500 to 1600 feet above tide. The principal branches of the Tioughnioga are Cold and Factory Brooks, from the w. The valleys of these streams open northward into corresponding valleys, through which flow streams emptying into Otisco and Skaneateles Lakes. The soil upon the river intervales is a deep, rich alluvial and dark loam, well adapted to tillage; among the hills, it is a sandy or gravelly loam, better for pasturage. Homer1 (p. v.) is finely situated on the Tioughnioga, 3 mi. N. of Cortland Village. It contains 6 churches, a printing office, and several manufacturing establishments, including the only cotton factory in the county. It is the seat of Cortland Academy,2 an old and very flourishing institution. Pop. 1625. East Homer (p.v.) contains 25 houses, and Little York (p. v.) 15. Spencer Bcebe and his brother-in-law, Amos Todd, were the first settlers of this town, and of Cortland county, in 1791.3 The first religious meetings were held in 1793, when there were but 6 families in town; and all attended. The first church (Cong.) was founded in 1801, chiefly through the influence of Mrs. Hobart, wife of Lieut. Hobart.4
LAPEER-was formed from Virgil, May 2, 1845, and embraces the s. E. quarter of that township. It lies upon the high ridges w. of the Tioughnioga River, on the s. border of the county, w. of the center. The deelivities of the hills bordering upon the river are precipitous. "Luce IIill," in the north western part of the town, is the highest point, and is 1,600 to 1,700 feet above tide. The streams are all small brooks. Upon Fall Creek, near the s. border of the town, is a wild and beautiful cascade, 71 feet high, known as Hunts Falls. The soil is a sandy and gravelly loam. Nearly one half of the town is still unsettled. Hunts Corners contains 10 houses. Lapeer (p.o.) is near the center of the town. There is no church edifice in town.5 The first settler was Phineas Grant, a colored man.6
MARATHON-was formed from Cincinnatus, April 21, 1818, as " Harrison," embracing the s. w. quarter of the military township. Its name was changed in 1827. It lies upon the southern border of the county, E. of the center. Its surface is rugged and hilly, the ridges rising 500 to 700 feet above the valleys. The Tioughnioga flows through its western part, in a deep, narrow valley with precipitous sides. Hunt Creek in the N. w. and Merrill Creek in the E. part of the town also flow through deep and narrow valleys. The arable land lies principally along these valleys, the uplands being broken and only fit for pasturagc. The soil is a sandy and gravelly loam Marathon7 (p. v.) contains 3 churches, the oldest of which is the Presb., organized Feb. 11, 1814.8 Pop. 500. Texas Valley is a p. o. in the N. E. corner. Dr. Japheth Hunt, a surgeon of the army, who served in both the French and Revolutionary Wars, settled on Lot 93, in 1794.9
1 Incorp. May 11, 1835.
I present site of that of Cogswell & Wilcox. The old mill for 9 Incorp. February 2, 1819. This institution, from its com- ! some time was used as church. public hall, and ball room. mencement, has uniformly borne a high reputation. Samnel B. Woolworth, LL.D., present Secretary of the Regents of the University, was at the head of this institution for nearly 22 years. At a jubilee celebration, held July 7 and 8, 1846, it was stated that 4000 students had been connected with the academy. The whole number up to 1859 Was over 8,000.
3 'They caine in the fall. and erected a temporary dwelling, a little N. of Homer Village, near the bridge, and returned in the winter for their goods, leaving Mrs. Beebe the sole occupant of the house, and the only representative of civilization within a circuit of 30 miles. They were prevented from returning for 6 weeks by the deep snows; and during the whole of that period the lone woman reuiained in anxious doubt as to the fate of her husband and brother. Mr. Todd located on lot 42, " West Hill." Among the other early settlers were John House, John Miller, Jas. Matthews, Jas. Moore, Silas and Dant. Miller, (from Binghamton,) in 1792; Darius Kinney, (from Brimfield, Mass.,) in 1793; Roderick Owen, (from Lebanon, N. Y., ) Jonathan Hubbard, and Moses Hopkins, in 1794; Thos. Wilcox, (front Whitestown.) Zebulon Keeue, and John Stone, (from Brimfield.) Jolin Keep, Solomon and Jobn Hubbard, and Asa White. in 1795. The first male child born was Homer Moore, and the first female Betsey House; the first death, that of Mrs. Gould Alvord. The first marriage was that of Zadoc Strongand Wid. Russell, who were obliged to go through the forests to Ludlowville, Tompkins co., on horseback, to have the ceremony performed. The first school- house was built a little N. of Homer Village in 1798. The first teacher was Joshua Ballard. Enos Stimson kept the first inn, and A. M. Coats the first store. The first permanent and suc- ceasful merchant was Jedediah Barber. Jolin Keep, Solomon Hubbard, and Asa White built the first grist mill in 1798, ou the
+ The first sermon was preached by Rev. Mr. Hillard, of N .. ). He was assisting at a raising; and, when it became known that a miinister was present, a sermon was clamorously called for and was delivered on the spot. The census reports 6 churches in town; Cong. Bap., M. E., Prot. E., and Univ. at Homer, And M. E. at East Homer.
5 Free Bap., Meth., and Christian denominations hold meetings in schoolhouses. The Free W. Bap. Society was formed by Elder Lake in 1820.
6 Among the other first settlers were Peter Gray, (on lot 70,) Robt. K. Wheeler, and Thomas Kingsley, who came in 1802; Seth Jennings and Timothy Roberts, in 1805; Zac'h Lynes, John R. Smith, Urial Sessions, Simeon Luce, Avery Hartshorn, and II. J. Richards. The first marriage was that of Simeon Ince aud Rebecca Ayres, Oct. 9, 1805; and the first death, that of Simeon Luce, in 1808. Ebenezer Luce taught the first school, in 1814; and llarvey Jennings built the first mill, in 1813.
7 About one mile s. of the village, on the E. bank of the river, is the site of an old Indian village and burial ground. Traditiou says that this was once the seat of a powerful tribe of Indians.
8 The census reports 4 churches; 2 Presb .. Bap .. and M. E.
9 Among the other pioneer settlers were John Hunt, in 1796: Abram Brink. (first innkeeper,) Barnabas Wood and Son, and Zachariah Squires, in 1802. The first child born was S. 31. Hunt, a grandson of the first settler; the first marriage, that of Nicholas Brink and Polly Alfred; and the first death. that of the first settler, in March, 1808, aged 97 years. Wm. Cowdrey tanght the first school, in 1803; John Hunt built the first saw mill ; and Weed & Waldo, James Burgess, and David Munroe were the early merchants. The first successful mercantile firm was that of Peck, Archer & Dicksou, now of New York City.
2
254
CORTLAND COUNTY.
PREBLE-named in honor of Commodore Edward Preble, was formed from Tully upon the organization of Cortland co., April 8, 1808, and embraced the southern half of the latter town. Seott was taken off in 1815. It lies upon the northern border of the county, w. of the center. Its surface consists of the valley of the western branch of the Tioughnioga River, which is here nearly 2 miles wide, and the ridges which rise on the E. and w. Mount Toppin, s. w. of the village, is 1,700 feet above tide ; Truxton Hills are the highest land in the county. The declivities of the hills are steep, and some of their summits sharp ridges. North of Mount Toppin a valley exten Is northward and opens into the valley of the Otisco Inlet. In the northern part of the town are several beautiful little lakes; and upon the southern borders are others of a similar character, known as the Little York Lakes. The soil is a fine quality of gravelly loam. Preble Corners (Preble p.o.) contains 200 inhabitants, and Baltimore 75. The first settlers were James and Robert Cravarth, John Gillett, and Elijah Mason, who came in 1798.1 The first church (Cong.) was formed through the efforts of Revs. Theodore Hinsdale and Joel Hall, missionaries from Conn .? Rev. Matt. Harrison was the first pastor.
SCOTT-was formed from Preble, April 14, 1815, and named in honor of Gen. Winfield Scott. It is the N. w. corner town of the county. Its surface is mostly upland, broken by two deep and narrow valleys which extend N. and s. through the town. The declivities of the hills are very steep, and in many places precipitous. Cold Brook flows through the eastern valley, and Factory Brook and Skaneateles Inlet through the western. Skaneateles Lake borders upon the N. w. corner. The soil is a sandy and gravelly loam, and is best adapted to grazing. Scott Center (Scott p. o.) contains about 300 inhabitants. Scott Corners (East Scott p. o.) is a hamlet. Peleg and Solomon Babcock and Asa Howard (from Mass.) and George Dennison (from Vt.) located on lot 82 in 1799.3 The first church was a Seventh Day Baptist, organized in 1820, Wm. B. Maxson first pastor.4
SOLON-was formed from IIomer, March 9, 1798, and embraced the townships of Solon and Cinciunatus. A portion was aunexed to Truxton, April 4, 1811. Cincinnatus was taken off in 1804, and Taylor in 1849. It is an interior town, lying near the center of the county. The surface is mostly upland, broken by numerous narrow valleys of small brooks and ereeks. The hills on the eastern border are 1400 to 1500 feet above tide. Many of the highest summits are too rough for cultivation, and are erowned with forests. Trout Brook flows in a westerly direction through near the center, forming a narrow but fertile valley. The soil is a gravelly loam, well adapted to grazing. Solon (p.v.) contains about 100 inhabitants. The first settlers were Johnson Bingham and Eddy Wildman, from Canterbury, Conn., who located, the former ou lot 62, aud the latter on lot 51, in 1796.5 The first church was formed in 1804, Rev. Josiah Butler the first preacher.6
TAYLOR-was formed from Solon, Dec. 5, 1849, and named in honor of Gen. Zachary Taylor. It lies near the center of the eastern border of the county. Its surface is mostly upland and is very broken and hilly. The declivities are generally precipitous, rising 600 to 800 feet above the valleys. Mount Rhoderick, lying partly in this towu and partly in Solon, is the highest point. The streams are mere brooks, generally flowing in a southerly direction and discharging their waters into the Otselic. Solon Pond is a small sheet of water near the center of the town. The soil is a sandy and gravelly loam. Taylorville, (Taylor p. o., ) or "Bangall," contains 25 houses, and Union Valley (p. v.) 20.7 The first settlers were Zerah Beebe, a Revolutionary soldier, Latus Beebe, his son, and John Tinker, his son-in-law, from Waterbury, Conn., in 1794.8
1 Among the other first settlers were Amos Skecl, Seth and Samuel Trowbridge, Richard Egbertson, Samuel Orvis, Jabez B. Phelps. Ed. Cummings, and Francis, Albert, and Garret Van Hoeren. The first child horn was Nancy Gill; the first mar- ringe. that of Amos Ball and Sally Mason ; and the first death, that of lohn Patterson, a Revolutionary patriot, in 1799. Ruth Thorp taught the first school, in 1801: Davis & Tavlor kept the first store, and Moses Nash the second; Samuel Trowbrige kept the first inn.
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