USA > New York > Gazetteer of the State of New York: embracing a comprehensive view of the geography, geology, and general history of the State, and a complete history and description of every county, city, town, village, and locality, Part 1 > Part 87
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6 Rev. Chas. G. Finney, Pres. of Oberlin College. was a law stu- dent in this town. The census reports 9 churches; 3 Bap., 2 Seventh Day Bap., 2 Cong., M. E .. and Prot. F.
6 This place was surveyed and laid out aa a village for Le Ray in 1818. A custom house was established here in 1828. Sunken Rock Lighthouse was built in 1847. It is an important wooding station for steamers, and within a few years has become a favor- ite resort for fishing and excursion parties along the Thou- sand Islands.
" Named from a town in France. Formerly called " Flat Rock," from the naked sandstone in the vicinity. A grist mill was built here in 1817 for Le Ray. Wm. Merrill, the first innkeeper, was murdered in 1826.
B A glass factory was established at this place in 1833, by John S. Foster. It is devoted to the manufacture of cylinder glass, and is now carried on by a joint stock company known
as the Redwood Manufac. Co. A stream a few rods in length, flowing from Mud to Butterfield Lake, has here a fall of 94 feet, and furnishes water power to a grist and saw mill.
9 The " Neptune" and "Fox," two small American armed vessels, captured a brigade of bateaux belonging to the enemy, July 20, 1813. and took their prizes into Cranberry Creek, in this town. They were pursued, and a sharp skirmish ensued, resulting in the retreat of the British with considerable loss.
10 This church was built through the agency of Rev. G. W. Betliune, of Brooklyn, and is called " The Church of the Thou- sand Isles." A parsonage was built iu 1852. The sites for both edifices were given by Francis Depau. The census reports 6 churches ; 2 Prot. E., Bap., M. E., Presb., and R. C.
11 This land company. formed in Holland, bought Great Tract No. IV., within which this town is situated. For particulars seo Hougle's Hist. Jeff. Co., p. 58-61.
12 According to the last census. this town produces more bitter than any other town in tho co .; and, with one exception, it has the greatest number of cows of any town in the State.
13 From 1805 to 1828 about 100 pairs of millstones were manu- factured from this rock in this town.
14 This limestone is especially valuable for lime and as a flux for iron ore.
15 This sandstone furnishes an excellent building material, and is used for the lining of furnaces.
16 Discovered by Hopestill Foster ; owned and worked by Jas. Sterling.
17 Ou the farm of Ifiram B. Keene, and owned by a company. 18 Owned by Geo. Parish, of Ogdensburgh.
19 This ore is of the red specular variety. The region in which it is found is one of the richest in the country for specimens of rare miuerals.
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JEFFERSON COUNTY.
The Antwerp Liberal Institute1 and 3 churches. Pop. 621. Ox Bow? (p. v.) is situated on the Oswogatchee River. Pop. 240. Sterlingburgh,' 1 mi. above Antwerp, and Spragues Corners, on the line of St. Lawrence co., are hamlets. The first improvements were made in 1803, at the Ox Bow, under the direction of Lewis R. Morris, the original proprietor." In 1808, Morris sold 29,033 acres to George and David Parish, under whose agents the greater part of the settlements were made. A party of militia was stationed here in 1808, to enforce the embargo, and a blockhouse was built at the village in 1812. The first church was built, in 1816, by Parish.5
BROWNVILLE-was formed from Leyden, April 1, 1802, and was named from Gen. Jacob Brown, its founder. Le Ray was taken off in 1806; Lyme, in 1818; Pamelia, in 1819; and Orleans, and a part of Alexandria, in 1821. It is situated on the N. side of Black River and Black River Bay. Its surface is level or gently undulating. The soil is a sandy and clayey loam. Sulphate of barytes is found on Pillar Point, and the vein has been worked to some extent for lithic paint. Upon the w. bank of Perch River, a few rods below Limerick, is a cave extending 150 yards into the bank and 30 feet below the surface. Manufactures receive considerable attention. Brownville, (p. v.,) on Black River, 4 mi. below Watertown, was incorp. April 5, 1828. It has a valuable water power, and contains 3 churches, a cotton factory, and several foundries and machine shops. Pop. 621. Dexter® (p. v.) is situated at the head of navigation on Black River. It is the seat of an extensive woolen factory built in 1836.7 Pop. 429. Limerick (p. o.) and Moffatville, (Perch River p. o.) contain a dozen houses each. Pillar Point (p. o.) is situated across the bay from Sackcts Harbor. Pop. 50. Gen. Jacob Brown began the settlement of the town in 1799, as proprietor and agent.8 During the war Brownville village became the seat of a hospital; and on different occasions large bodies of troops were posted in the vicinity. For several years it was the residence and headquarters of Maj. Gen. Brown, commander in chief of the N. department, and afterward of Col. Edward Kirby,9 his son-in-law. There are 10 churches in town.10
CAPE VINCENT-was formed from Lyme, April 10, 1849, and named from Vincent Le Ray. son of the proprietor. It is the N. w. corner town of the co., and embraces Carlton, Grenadier, and Fox Islands in the St. Lawrence. The surface is level, or slightly undulating, and the soil is a claycy loamu. Kent Creek is the principal stream. There are 2 or 3 sulphur springs in town. Considerable attention is paid to ship building. Cape Vincent,11 (p.v.,) the terminus of the W. and R. R. R., near the head of the St. Lawrence River, is a thriving commercial village. Pop. 1026. Saint Lawrence and Millens Bay are p. offices and hamlets. The first settlement in the town and co. was made upon Carlton Island,12 at about the time of the Revolution. A regular forti- fication, known as "Fort Carlton,"13 was crected upon the island, and a tract of 30 acres was cleared and cultivated, and long known as the " Kings Garden." The first settlement upon the main- laud was commenced in 1801 at Port Putnam, 2 mi. below Cape Vincent, by Capt. Abijah Putnam.14 Count Real, Chief of Police under Napoleon, and other French families of note, resided in this town for some time. A custom house was established in 1819. Upon the shores of Grenadier Island, 15
1 This institution is not yet fully organized.
2 This name is derived from a remarkable bend in the Oswe- gatchie River, upon which the village is situated. The village was settled by Scotch emigrants.
3 Sterlingburgh, 1 mi. above Antwerp Village, is the seat of an iron furnace built by Jas. Sterling in 1846. A forge was built here for David Parish in 1817.
" The first settler was Wm. Lee. Mills were built at Antwerp Village in 1806-07, for Morris, by John Jennisou. The first school was taught in the Foster Settlement, by Benj. Cook.
5 This church was the second iu tbe co., and for many years was used by all the denominations in towu. It is now in pos- Brasiou of the R. C. There are in town & churches; 2 Bap., 31. E., Wes. Meth., Presb., Asso. Ref. Presb., R.C., Union.
6 Named from S. Newton Dexter, of Whitesboro', one of the proprietors. It was formerly known as " Fish Island." During the war the milly at this place furnisbed lumber for the public works at Sackets Harbor. The steamer " Brownville," built in 1927, and designed to run between this place and the lake ports, was burned upon her first trip. The Black River Nav. Co., incorp. in 1810, built locks here, which were little used. Piers for the improvement of navigation were built at the mouth of the river by the Gen. Government; but they bave resulted in injury.
7 This factory is of stone, and cost $140,000. It is fitted for 10 seta of machinery, and employs 75 hands.
8 In 1800, Gen. Brown built a sawmill, and in 1801 a small grist mill, at the mouth of Philomel Creek. A bridge was built
Evans was hung near Watertown for murder committed in this town,-the only executiou by civil authority that ever took place in the co.
9 Col. Kirby held the office of paymaster in the army from 1824 till his death, April 18, 1846. 10 2 M. E., 2 Prot. E., 2 Univ., 2 Presb., 1 Bap., 1 Union.
11 Called " Gravelly Point" by many of the old inhabitauts. It was first settled in 1809, laid out as a village in 1817, and incorp. in 1853. A lighthouse was built at Tibbets Point, 2 mi. distant, in 1826. The R. R. company have built here a wbarf 3000 feet long, 2 immense freighit houses, a grain elevator, &c. The Ontario Line of Steamers touch at this point, and ferry boats run regularly to Kingston. A few years since, a canal was dng across Wolf or Grand Island, to afford a more direct route for this ferry. This place received several visits from the enemy during the war.
12 This island contains 1274 acres. A military class right (see page 46) of 500 acres was located here in 1786. For several years after 1822 it was a thriving lumber station, wbere rafts were made up for the Quebee market.
18 This fort commanded the s. channel of the river. and was an important post during the Revolution. It was mostly exca- vated in the rock, and the materials taken out were used in the construction of tbe rampart and escarpment.
14 Mr. Putnam established a ferry from this place to Wolf Island. In 1803 a State road was opened to this place, and in 1804 a village plot was laid out, but soon after abandoned.
16 This island was the rendezvous of Gen. Wilkinson's army on iu 1802, and a dam across the river in 1806. In 1828, Henry | their way down the river iu 1813. At the easteru extremity is a
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JEFFERSON COUNTY.
and of the mainland opposite, are valuable seine fisheries. A town ag. soc. was formed in 1850.1 There are 3 churches in town.2
CHAMPIONS-was formed from Mexico, March 14, 1800. A part of Harrisburgh was taken off in 1803. It is the central town on the s. E. border of the co. The surface is broken and hilly. The most elevated portions are the slate hills in the s. angle, (known as the "peak,") which are about 1700 feet above tide. From their summits the land descends in a series of broken and irregular terraces to the river. The N. part is more level. The soil is generally a clay loam, but near the river in some places it is sandy. Champion (p. v.) contains 20 houses, Great Bend (p. v.) and West Carthage' about 30 each. Champion South Roads is a p. o. The first settlement was begun in 1798, by Noadiah Hubbard, as agent for Storrs. The first settlers came by water down the river as far as the Long Falls, and the town was settled with great rapidity.5 The first church (Cong.) was formed in 1805.6
CLAYTON-was formed from Orleans and Lyme, April 27, 1833, and named in honor of John M. Clayton, U. S. Senator from Del. It is centrally situated on the N. w. border of the co. It embraces two-fifths of Penets Square, a gore w. and another N. of that tract, and Grindstone and several smaller islands in the St. Lawrence. The surface is level, or slightly rolling. Water lime has been manufactured in considerable quantities. Clayton,7 (p. v.,) situated at the mouth of French Creek,8 is largely engaged in the lumber trade and in ship building.9 Pop. 896. Depauville10 (p.v.) is situated at the head of navigation on Chaumont (Sha-mo) River, (or Catfish Creek,) 6 mi. from the bay. Pop. 386. Clayton Center is a p. o. Settlement com- menced in 1803, but progressed slowly until after the war. For many years the titles to the portions included in Penets Square and the islands became the subject of much controversy and litigation. In early times the shores of the St. Lawrence in this and adjoining towns became the scene of many lawless adventures in the prosecution of smuggling.11 In 1813, the enemy attacked the advanced guard of Wilkinson's expedition, commanded by Gen. Brown, at Bartlets Point, but were repulsed. The census reports 7 churches in town.12
ELLISBURGHB -- was formed from Mexico, Feb. 22, 1803. Henderson was set off in 1806. It is situated in the s. w. corner of the co., upon the shore of Lake Ontario. The surface is rolling and inclined toward the lake. A range of low sand hills extend along the shore, and these are succeeded by a wide marshy region, producing wild grasses that in dry seasons may be mown. North and South Sandy Crceks are the principal streams. The soil is sandy on the w., clayey through the center, and a slaty loam in the E." There is a sulphur spring in town. This is the wealthiest agricultural town in the co., and is surpassed by but few in the State. Ellis Village,14 (Ellisburgh p. o.,) situated on S. Sandy Creek, 4 mi. from its mouth, has a limited amount of manufactures. Pop. 230. Belleville,15 (p. v.,) is situated on N. Sandy Creek, 3 mi. from Ellis Village, and on the S. II. & E. R. R. Pop. 363. The Union Literary Society (academy) is located here. Pierrepont Manor,16 (p. v.,) at the junction of the W. & R. and S. H. & E. R. R., contains 255 inhabitants. Woodville,17 (p. v.,) is situated on N. Sandy Creek. Pop. 180. Mannsville, 18 (p.v., ) on Skinners Creek and the W. & R. R. R., has a population
capacious bay, known as " Basin Harbor," which affords a shelter | " French Creek." A party of Patriots made this place their for boats. The whole island is now a single dairy farm.
I This society is open to the citizens of Lyme, Clayton, and Wolf Island. 2 Presb., Prot. E., and R. C.
8 No. 4, or " Howard." of the " Eleven Towns." It fell to the share of Harrison and Hoffman, and by them was sold to Gen. Henry Champion, of Colchester, Conn., and Lemuel Storrs. It was settled under Judge Noadiah Hubbard and Alfred Lathrop, agents of the last named proprietor. The name was given in honor of Gen. Champion, who presented the town with a hell for the compliment.
4 Considerable amounts of lumber, oil, flour, and cloth are manufactured in this village.
5 Among the first settlers, who came in in 1798-99, were Jolin, Thos. and Salmon Ward. David and Saml. Starr, Joel Mix. Ephm. Chamberlain. Jonathan Mitchell, Bela Hubbard, and David Miller. The first school was taught by E. Chamberlain, in 1800. The first sawmill was built in 1802. by John Eggleson and Wm. Hadsall. The first grist mill was built at West Car- tlage, by David Coffeen. in 1806. A furnace was built at the same place in 1834, and about 1000 tons of iron produced. Several prominent lawyers, among whom were Moss Kent, brother of the chancellor, Egbert Ten Eyck, and Henry R. Storrs, settled in Champion, in expectation of its becoming the co. seat of the new co. to be erected from Oneida.
6 Rev. NathI. Dutton was the first regular settled pastor in the town and co. There are 6 churches in town; 2 Cong., 2 M. E., Bap., and Union.
" Formerly called " Cornelia," and still frequently called
rendezvous in preparing to invade Canada. The same party took possession of Ifickory Island ; but upon the approach of the British they fied, leaving their armament behind.
8 This stream is called by the Indians Wet-er-ingh-ra-gu-en-te-re, or " Fallen Fort," from a fort taken by the Oneidas from another tribe long before the advent of the whites.
" The timber is brought in vessels from the upper lakes, and here made up into rafts. Most of the steamers belonging to the American line have been built at this port and at Wolf Island.
10 De-po-ville. Named from Francis Depau, an early pro- prietor. The place was formerly known as "Catfish Falls." Stephen Jolinson built the first mill and opened the first store at this place. in 1824.
11 During the embargo of 1808 a road was cut through the woods. and immense quantities of potash were taken to Canada without restraint.
12 4 M. E., and one each Bap., R. C., and Union.
13 " Minos," of the "Eleven Towns." Named from Marvel Ellis, an early proprietor, and Lyman Ellis, the first settler.
14 The oldest settlement in the co.
15 Named from Belleville, in Canada.
16 It is the residence of Hon. Win. C. Pierrepont, from whom the village derives its name.
17 Named from Ebenezer, Ephraim, and Jacob Wood, the first settlers.
18 Named from Col. H. B. Mann, who erected a factory at this place, but which was afterward burned.
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JEFFERSON COUNTY.
of 315. Rural Hill (p. o.) and Wardwell (p. o.) are hamlets. Lyman Ellis and a large number of others made the first settlement, in 1797.2 A traet of 3000 aeres in the s. w. eorner of the town was sold by Wmn. Constable, in 1796, to Brown and Eddy, and was settled by squatters. Upon the advent of the first settlers, near Ellis Village, on Sandy Creek, were found numerous traees of an early oeeupation by eivilized raees.3 During the war an engagement took place near the mouth of S. Sandy Creek, between a party of 150 American regulars and a few militia and Indians, under Maj. Appling, and a party of 200 British, who were pursuing a flotilla of boats, commanded by Lieut. Woolsey, laden with stores for Sackets Harbor. The British were defeated, and nearly the whole party were killed or taken prisoners." The eensus reports 11 churches in town.5
HENDERSON®-was formed from Ellisburgh, Feb. 17, 1806. It lies on Lake Ontario, s. w. of the center of the eo. The surface is rolling; and it is deeply indented with Henderson Bay, formed by a long roeky point known as Six-Town Point." There are in town two small lakes and several marshes. Stony and Little Stony Creeks are the principal streams. The soil is elay and loam. Henderson8 (p. v.) is situated near the eenter, on Stony Creek. Pop. 404. Hlem- derson Harbor9 contains 12 houses ; and Smithville10 (p. o.) 40. Roberts Corners (p. o.) is a hamlet. Settlement was begun in 1802, under Asher Miller, agent for the proprietor.11 At the head of Henderson Bay is a eurved embankment or bar of stone, 100 rods long, and a little above the water, known as "Indian Wharf;" and from this point to Stony Creek there was an Indian trail or portage. The eensus reports 5 ehurehes in town.12
HOUNSFIELDB-was formed from Watertowu, Feb. 17, 1806. It is situated on Blaek River Bay, on the w. border of the eo. Its surface is very level, and the soil is a elayey and sandy loam. Ship building and manufactures have received considerable attention. Sackets Har- borl+ (p. v.) is the priueipal village. Pop. 994. This was the priueipal military and naval station on the northern frontier during the last war with Great Britain, and millions of dollars were spent in fortifieations and iu building vessels. East Hounsfield (p.o.) and Stowells Corners (p. o.) are hamlets. Amasa Fox was the first settler. In 1802 there were 30 families in town.15 In 1805 several English families came in.16 During the war this town was the center of important military events. Several expeditions were here fitted out against Canada; and, in turn, the town was invaded on several occasions.17 Large bodies of troops were fre- quently quartered here, and the citizens became familiar with the lights and shades of military life.18 After the war most of the troops were withdrawn, leaving only enough to keep the
] Formerly called " Buck Hill."
2 Among the first settlers were Caleb Ellis, Robert Fulton, Elijah Richardson. Hez. Pierce, Chauncey Smith, Wm. Root, Vial Salisbury, Isaac Waddle, and Abram Wilcox. The early settlers suffered much from sickness. The first child born was Ontario Pierce, and the first death, that of Caleb Ellis. Lyman Ellis built the first sawmill. in 1797, and the first grist mill, in 1803.
8 It is probable that the French expedition, under De La Barre, against the Onondagas in 1684, met with their terrible disasters from famine and sickness within the limits of this town.
" The stores were taken by land from this point to the " Harbor." Among them was a cable weighing 9600 1bs., which was too heavy for loading upon any wagon that could be ob- tained. It was accordingly placed on the shoulders of 250 men and carried to its place of destination. As the bearers approached the Harbor, the sailors met them with lond cheers, relieved them of their burden, and marched triumphantly into the village.
5 3 Bap., 2 Cong., 2 M. E., Presb., Prot. E., Univ., Union.
6 No. 6 of the " Eleven Towns." Named from Wm. Henderson, the proprietor. It embraces the adjacent islands in the lake. 7 Upon this point are the remains of a small + sided fortifica- tion, evidently built during the French or Revolutionary War.
8 Formerly called "Salisbury Mills," from Lodowyck Salisbury, att early merchant and mill owner.
9 The bay upon which this place is situated was called the " Bay of Naples" by Henderson, the proprietor.
10 Named from Jesse Smith, who, froin a common laborer, became one of the most extensive lumber dealers in the county, and a man of influence.
11 Among the first settlers were Anthony Sprague, Levi Sco- field. Jedediah McConiber, Samuel Hubbard, Moses Barrett. Win. Petty. and Daniel Spencer. Willis Fellows kept the first inn and built the first saw and grist mills, The first child born way Betsy Scofield, and the first death, that of a child of Hosca Heath. Elisha Skinner taught the first school. A small woolen factory was erected in 1514. A Scotch settlement was ntade in 1803-07, on the bay. A lighthouse was erected on Stony Point in 1537.
12 2 M. E., Ev. Luth., Univ., and Union.
" The town embraces No. 1, or " Hesiod," of the "Eleven
Towns," and was named from Ezra Hounsfield, one of the carly proprietors. In the division it fell to the share of Harrison and Hoffman; and by them the w. half was sold to Chantpion and Storrs, and the remainder to Peter Kemble and E. Houus- field. It was called "Newport" in early documents. Gull, Snake, Great and Little Galloo, and Stony Islands belong to this town. Upon Galloo Island a lighthonse was erected in 1820. 14 Named from Augustns Sacket. the first settler, Called by the Indians Ga-hu-a-go-je-twa-la-a-lote, fort at the mouth of Great River. Incorp. April 15, 1814. A collection district was formed in 1805. Madison Barracks, built in 1816-19 at a cost of $85.000, are the principal military works, Upon a point in the harbor is the hill of the frigate New Orleans, sheltered by a house built over it. It was commenced during the war, but has never been finished. It measured 3200 tons, and was pierced for 110 guns, The frigate Chippewa, of like dimensions, built farther up the bay, has been taken down.
15 Among these were John and Win. Evans, Squire Reed, Amasa Hollibut. and Charles Baird.
16 Among thiese were Saml. Luff, his sons Edmund, Saml., Jr., Joseph. and Jesse, David Merritt, William Ashby, John Roots, Henry Metcalf. and Geo. Slowman. Dr. Win. Baker, who settled in 1503, was the first physician ; Ambrose Pease and Step. Simmons were carly innkeepers, and Loren Buss and Hezekiah Doolittle, early merchants. In 1808 Samuel F. Hooker brought in a stock of goods worth $20,000. Meetings were first held by Edmund Luff, who built a church, and preached many years withont fue or reward. Elisha Camp settled in 1804, as a lawyer and agent, and has since been more prominently concerned in the affairs of the town than any other person. Samitel Luff built the first grist mill, Angustuy Sacket, the first sawmill, and Solon Stone, the first cotton factory, on Mill Creek. The first child born in town was Wealthy Rowlison. At an early period, John Jacob Astor and other capitalists invested large sums here in the manufacture of potash, that article counnanding $200 to $350 per ton in the Montreal market. 17 See page 354.
18 About a dozen military executions took place here during the war. A duel was fought with minskets, June 13, 1818, between two soldiers, one of whom was killed. During the con miand of Col. Brady at this station. the remains of Gens. Zebu- lon M. Pike and Leonard Covington, Col. John Tuttle, Lieut.
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JEFFERSON COUNTY.
works in repair. In 1832 a canal, for hydraulic purposes, was completed from Huntington's Mills, above Watertown, to Sackets IIarbor; but in about 10 years it was abandoned.1 Dr. Samuel Guthrie, one of the discoverers of chloroform, and inventor of the percussion compound for firearms, which has superseded flints, resided at Sackets HIarbor. A Union school was established in the village in 1840. There are 5 churches in town.2
LE RAYS-was formed from Brownville, Feb. 17, 1806. Antwerp was taken off in 1810, a part of Wilna in 1813, and a part of Philadelphia and Alexandria in 1821. It is an interior town E. of the center of the co. The surface is level, or gently rolling, and the soil is principally a clayey loam. A strip of barren sand, once covered with pine, but now almost a desert, extends along Black River. The streams are Black and Indian Rivers, Pleasant Creek, and several small brooks. Le Raysville (p. v.) contains 22 houses. Evans Mills5 (p. v.) is situated on Pleasant Creek and the P. & W. R. R. Pop. 410. Sandfords Corners, (p. v.,) on the P. & W. R. R., contains a dozen houses. Black River,6 a village of 50 houses, is partly in this town. The first settlement was made in 1802, by a party under Benj. Brown, agent for Le Ray.7 Le Ray removed to this place in 1808, and began a liberal system of settlement, by opening roads and building bridges and mills. The census reports 6 churches.8
LORRAINE9-was formed from Mexico, March 24, 1804, as " Malta." Its name was changed April 6, 1808. Worth was taken off in 1848. It is the central town on the s. border of the co. The town is elevated, and is underlaid by slate and traversed by immense gulfs. The surface is rolling, and the soil is a clay and loam. It is mostly drained by Sandy and Skinners Creeks. Lorraine, (p. v.,) the only village, contains about 30 houses. Settlement was begun in 1802, by James MeKee and Elijah Fox.10 The State Road from Rome to Sackets HIarbor was laid through this town in 1804. A sulphur spring is found on the farm of - Totman. The town has 2 churches, Bap. and M. E.
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