USA > New York > Gazetteer of the State of New York: embracing a comprehensive view of the geography, geology, and general history of the State, and a complete history and description of every county, city, town, village, and locality, Part 1 > Part 39
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The Law School of the University of Albany was instituted under the university charter of April 17, 1851. Two courses of lectures are annually held in rooms attached to the medical college building. This school has obtained an excellent reputation.
The Albany Almshouse, consisting of a poor house,5 insane asylum,6 and a fever hospital,7 is located upon a farm of 116 acres, 1} miles s. w. of the city, and is entirely owned and managed by the city authorities. These departments are supplied with commodious and appropriate buildings The Industrial School building is located upon the same farm.
The Albany City Hospital, located on Eagle St., was incorp. April 11, 1849. It was founded by private subscription, and the present building8 was opened for the reception of patients Aug. 8, 1854.9
The Albany Orphan Asylum, on Washington St., at the junction of the Western Turnpike, was incorp. March 30, 1831, at which time it had been in practical operation for nearly two years. It was commenced as a private enterprise, and the present building was ereeted by subscription and the product of several ladies' fairs. It is now supported by funds received from the State, the interest on its endowment, and the proceeds of an annual fair.
The St. Vincent Orphan Asylum was incorp. in 1849. The female department, situated on N. Pearl St., is under the charge of the Sisters of Mercy. The male department, 2 mi. w. of the capitol, is under the care of the Christian Brothers.
The first church ( Ref. Prot. D.) was formed in 1640. Rev. Johannes Megapolenses was settled as pastor in 1642, under the patronage of the patroon. A regularly organized Lutheran church existed in 1680, but the date of its formation is unknown. It was reorganized Aug. 26, 1784.
1 The Albany Library, kept in this building, was incorp. Feb. | Swede, and purchased by John F. Rathbone. It is the only Que 14. 1792. It contains about 5,000 vols.
2 Prof. Henry, of the Smithsonian Institution. read his first scientific paper- before this association, and performned his first original experiments while a pupil at the Albany Academy. The Society for the Promotion of Agriculture. Arts, and Manufactures. wastableted in 19. incor. 1793. and expired in 1904. by limitation of charter. Revived as the Society for the Promotion of UmIng Arts. incor. 1×44 Those were State Institutions, and became foral in the establishment of the Board of Agriculture, In 1813. at Fe ustinned a city institution nutil its union with the Albany Lyceum of Natural History in 1420.
" The library and cabinet are kept in the Albany Acad. building. 4 The building is in the form of a cross, So by 70 fret. Among the instrument: ir a calcula'ing engine. made by C. Scheutz, a
in existence. A large class of calculations is performed by its use. and the results are impressed upon leaden plates, roa.ly to electrotype and print. This institution has been involved in an unhappy controversy between the trustees und council, which has embarrassed its plans; but it is now in active operation under cheering auxpices.
' The city contracts to support county paupera at $1.25 per work rach. A school connected with this institution is kept throughout the year.
6 Built at an expense of $12,000, and with accommodations for 80 inmates.
: $5000.
8 This building was erected by the city for a jail.
9 The whole cost of the institution has been about $50,000.
11
162
ALBANY COUNTY.
The first Prot. E. Church (St. Peter's) was ereeted in 1715, on a site granted by the governor of the colony. It stood in the center of State St., opposite Barraek (now Chapel) St., and was demolished in 1802, and the present edifiee built by Philip Hooker. The communion plate of this church was presented to the Onondagas by Queen Anne. The most imposing and costly church edifices in the city are the Catholic Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception, corner of Eagle and Lydius Sts., and St. Joseph's (R. C.) Church. There are now (1858) 48 churches in the city.1
At an early period Albany acquired much importance from being the principal center of the Indian trade, and afterward the place where the great military expeditions against Canada were fitted out.2 Its importance as a military station led to its being fortified at an early period; and, although it was often threatened with invasion, no hostile army ever reached it. It became the permanent seat of the State government in 1797. For 30 years after the Revolution, Albany was the seat of the entire trade of the western part of the State, the produce being brought in by sleighs in winter. The first great impulse to its commercial prosperity was given by the successful trip of the Clermont," the first steamboat of Fulton, in 1807, and the improvements in steam navigation which immediately followed. The steamboats now upon the Hudson River are among the very largest that navigate any inland waters.5 The completion of the Erie Canal, in 1825, and of the various lines of railroads since that time, have each essentially added to the growth and prosperity of the city.6 Business is principally centered upon Broadway, State, S. Pearl, and Washington Sts. The Dutch language and customs, which continued until long after the English conquest, have almost entirely disappeared. Very few families retain any characteristics of their origin, although many oeeupy the same lots that were conveyed to their ancestors two centuries ago. The peculiar Dutch architecture has now nearly disappeared, and within the limits of the city there are not more than a dozen houses with the sharp gables fronting even with the street, the tile roof, and antiquated appearance, so common but a few years ago. The city has been visited by several disastrous fires,7 and the lower part has often been inundated by water.8
BERN9-was formed from Rensselaerville, March 17, 1795. Knox was taken off in 1822. It lies near the center of the western border of the county. The Helderbergh Mts., 1200 feet above tide, forin the eastern border. Grippy and Irish Hills, two broad mountains, with steep declivities and rolling summits, 900 to 1000 feet above tide, occupy the center. The s. and w. parts are hilly, and the x. rolling. The principal streams are the Foxen Kil and the Switz Kil. These streams flow N. w. through narrow valleys bordered by steep hill sides. Werners and Thompsons Lakes, in the N. E., are small sheets of water. In the lime rock, in the N. E. part, are numerous small caves and sink holes.10 There are several sulphur springs in town. The soil is a sandy and gravelly loam interspersed with clay. Bernville (Bern p.o.) contains 50 houses ;11 E. Bern12 (p. v.) 15; S. Bern (p. v.) 15; and Reidsville (p.v.) 12. Peoria is a small village on the line of Knox. Settlement was begun about 1750 by a few German families. In 1777, a company of 85 militia were raised in this town, of which the captain and 63 inen joined the British, and the remainder the Americans at Saratoga. Bernville, then ealled "Beaver Dam," was fortified during the war, and sentinels were posted at night to prevent surprise by the Indians.13 The place at one
1 Of these there are 8 Meth. E., 7 Bap .. 5 Prot. E., 5 Presb .. 5 R. C., 3 Ref. Prot. D., 3 Jewish Syn., 3 Evang. Luth., 2 Wes. Meth., Cong .. Evang. Ger. Asso., Evang. Prot. Ger., Asso. Presb., Friends, Unita,, and Univ.
2 On the 19th of June, 1754, the first Congress of the colonies assembled at Albany, to devise a general plan of union and measures of defense, in view of the French and Indian hostilities, then just commencing. This Congress consisted of delegates from N. H., Mass., R. I .. Conn., N. Y .. Penn., and Md. The " plan of nnion" drawn np hy Dr. Frankhn was adopted, but it was afterward rejected by the British government as being too demo- cratic, and by the colonies as giving too much power to the king. 3 The first fort was built by the Dutch. in 1614. on the island below the city, which is hence called Castle Island. In 1617 a fort was built at the mouth of the Normans Kil; and in 1628 another was erected near the present steamboat landing, in the 8. part of the city. and named Fort Orange, in honor of the reigning prince of Holland. A quadrangular fort, called " Fort Frederick." was afterward built on the high ground, now State St., between St. Peter's Church and the Geological Hall, with lines of jedisades extending down Stenben and Hudson Sts. to the river. These fortifications were demolished soon after the Revolution, atgt the only evidence of their existence now re- maining is the curved outlines which they have given to the streets in the older parts of the city.
4 The Clermont was 100 fret long. 12 feet wide, and 7 feet deep. The first voyage to Albany was accomplished in 28 hours and 45 minutes. This boat was afterwards enlarged, and her name changed to the " North River."
6 As a contrast to the "Clermont." it may be stated that the " Isaac Newton." of the People's Line of Steamers, is 404 feet long. 75 wide, and 47 deep, and has sleeping accommodations for more than 700 passengers.
6 The sloop "Experiment." of 80 tons, Capt. Stewart Dean, sailed in the fall of 1785 from Albany to China. This was the second vessel from the U.S. to Canton. She was absent 18 months, and returned with a cargo of teas, nankeens, damask silks, and 13 sets of China ware, to order, for family gifts.
7 A fire in 1797 burned 96 dwellings, and rendered 150 fami- lies houseless. Ang. 17, 1848. a most destructive fire broke out, which destroyed a considerable portion of the commercial part of the city bordering upon the river, and also many boats in the basin. 8 Upon the breaking up of the ice in the river, Feb. 9, 1857, the water completely submerged the lower part of the city, and came up so high that it covered Broadway in front of the Ex- change. The damage to property was immense.
9 Named from the native place of Jacob Weidman, first settler and mill owner.
10 In one of these caves, during the war, a notorious tory and spy named Salisbury was concealed for some time. but was at last arrested. The place is still known as "Tory's Hole."- Simms's Schoharie, p. 525.
11 In 1825 an extensive ax factory was erected here; but it was soon after removed to Cohoes.
12 Formerly called " Philadelphia," and still locally known as " Philla."
18 The family of Johannes Deitz, consisting of S persons, were murdered by the Indians .- Sunms's Schoharie, p. 499.
I63
ALBANY COUNTY.
time became a rendezvous for tories.1 The Ref. Prot. D. Church of Beaver Dam was formed in Jan. 1763. The first settled pastor was Johannes Schuyler, in 1767.2
BETHLEHEM-was formed from Watervliet, March 12, 1793. New Scotland was taken off in 1832. It lies on the bank of the IIudson, E. of the center of the county, and includes the islands w. of the main channel of the river. Its surface consists of a rolling upland, ending upon the river in steep bluffs 100 to 150 feet high. Near the center of the town are a few sand ridges and rocky knolls. The principal streams are Coeymans Creek, Vlamans Kil and Normans Kil. The declivi- ties of the upland are broken by numerous deep gulleys worn by streams flowing into the Hudson. There are two small eaves, several sulphur springs, and quarries of coarse brown sandstone, in town. The soil is sand and clay.' Groesbeck is a suburb of Albany. Pop. 1,232. Ken- wood, a small village near the mouth of Normans Kil, contains an extensive mill, and a manu- factory of silver and Britannia ware. Upper Hollow, Adamsville, Normanskill, (p. o.,) Bethlehem Center, (p. o.,) Beckers Corners, Cedar Hill, (p. o.,) and S. Bethlehem are hamlets. Callanans Corners, in the N. w. corner, is a p. o. On the hills overlooking the IIudson below Albany are several fine country seats. The first settlement was made upon Castle Island,4 in 1614, and a fort erected the same year. As this island was liable to overflow, in 1617 another fort was built at the mouth of Normans Kil.5 Agricultural improvements conimenced in 1630, by tenants under Van Rensselaer. Mills were built on the Normans Kil and Beaver Kil at a very early period. A part of the house known as " Whitehall," ncar the Delaware Road, was built by Gen. Bradstreet, and during the Revolution is said to have been a secret rendez- vous for tories. Cherry Hill, just out of Albany, on the river road, was the residence of Gen. Solo- mon Van Rensselaer. A Ref. Prot. D. church was formed in colonial times, and in 1794 S. Van Rensselaer gave the society 100 acres of land, known as the parsonage farm.6
COEYMANS-(Quee'mans) was formed from Watervliet, March 18, 1791. A part of Westerlo was taken off in 1815. It was named from the pateutee. It is the s. E. corner town in the county, and includes the adjacent islands in the IIudson. Its surface consists of an upland, 200 to 400 feet above the river, broken by ridges and hills rising 100 to 400 feet higher. The principal streams are the Coeymans7 and Ilaauakrois Creeks. In the former, at Coeymans village, are two falls at which the stream desceuds, in the aggregate, 75 feet. Lawsons Lake is a small sheet of water in the N. w. part of the town. A stratum of marble or limestone extends through the town 3 or 4 nii. from the river. In the N. E. part are two caves, the largest extending 40 rods into a perpendicular ledge. Feuri-Spruyt Kil, a small stream in the N. part, disappears, and flows for half a mi. in a subterranean passage, coming to the surface again in New Scotland. At the place where the stream disappears it falls perpendicularly into a deep cavity, forming a considerable water power. Another brook, in the w. part, flows in a similar manner under ground for 40 or 50 rods. There are several mineral springs in town, impregnated with sulphate of magnesia. In the E. the soil is sand mixed with clay, and in the w. it is gravel and clay. The fossil remains of an elephant were found on the farm of Mr. Shears, 4 mi. w. of the river. Large quantities of hay are sent annually from this town to the New York market. Coeymans Landing. (Coeymans p.o.,) on the Hudson, is a village of considerable trade. Pop. 650. Coeymans Hollow, (p.o.,) Stephensville, and Indian Fields (p.o.) are small villages in the valley of the Haanakrois. Keefers Corners is a p.o. Barent Peterse Coeymans, an emigrant from Utrecht in 1636, settled under the patroon as miller, and leased the mills upon the Patroon Creek and Normans Kil. In 1673 he bought the territory included in this town of the Catskill Indians, and a patent was granted liim April 17, 1673, by Gov. Lovelace. Van Rensselaer had previously bought the same lands of the Mohawks; and a conflict of titles ensued. The matter was finally settled in 1706, by Coey- mans agreeing to receive title under the patroon and pay a small annual quit rent.8 Settlement commenced early in the last century.9 The first mills were erected by the patentee at Coeymans
1 Cornelius Schermerhorn kept a tory rendezvous, and at one time an absconding paymaster from Burgoyne's army is said to have been murdered at his house.
2 A parsonage farmi was given to this church by S. Van Rens- selacr. midway between Bernville and Peoria, and a church was crected upon it. In 1835 the society was divided, and a new edince was erected at each of the villages, the farm being held in common by both societies. The census reports 13 churches in town ; 4 M. E., 3 Christian, 3 Ref. Prot. D., and one, each, Bap., Evang. Luth., and Friends.
3 The proximity of this town to Albany has afforded an ex- cellent market for produce, and much of the land has been de- voted to the production of milk, butter. and culinary vegetables.
island, and ou some okl maps, it is called Martin Gerritsen's Island
5 A map dated 1630 gives the name of "Godyns Kil" to this stream. The Indian nature was Ta-wal-sou-tha. The present name is derived from Albert Andriessen Bradt de Noorman, the lessee of the falls at an early period, and one of the first settlers. 6 The census reports 5 churches : 2 R P. D., 2 M. E., 1 Presb. 7 The Indian name of this creek is said to have been O-nis-ke. than, and of the flats at Coeymans Hollow Ach-que-tuck.
8 This arrangement was confirmed by patent from Queen Anne, Aug. 6, 1714
9 Andreas and Lendert Whitbeck were carly settlers near Ach-que-tnek ; Daniel Traver and Balthus Keefer near Kerfers 4 In 1668 Martin Gerritsen Van Bergen had a lease of this | Corners; and John and Thos, Witbeck near Indian Fields.
164
ALBANY COUNTY.
Falls. The first ehureli (Ref. Prot. D.) was built in 1797, 1 mi. west of Coeymans Landing. This church was organized Mareh 5, 1793, Rev. Jacob Siekles first pastor.1
GUILDERLAND-was formed from Watervliet, Feb. 26, 1803. It lies near the center of the northern border of the county. Its surface is greatly diversified. In the w. rises the precipitous wall of the IIelderberghs to a height of 800 feet above the general level of the valleys. The eentral part is undulating, and the eastern is oeeupied by numerous sand ridges. The Normans Kil with its branches, the Bozen Kil,2 Black Creek, Wildehause Kil, and Hunger Kil, are the principal streams. The lower course of the Normans Kil in this town is through a narrow ravine, with steep elayey banks. The soil is light and sandy in the E., and gravelly loam mixed with elay in the w. A mineral spring is found upon the farm of Wm. MeGowan. Hamiltonville, (Guilder- land p.o.,) formerly known as the "Glass House,"' is situated on the old turnpike, 8 mi. w. of Albany. Guilderland Center, (p.v., ) loeally known as "Bangall," contains 18 houses. Dunnsville," (p.o.,) Knowersville,5 (p.o.,) and Frenchis Mills,6 on the Normans Kil, are small villages. During the Revolution, a portion of the inhabitants sided with the British; and the feuds which grew up between families and neighborhoods have not yet entirely subsided." The Ev. Luth. ehureh (St. John's) was organized Oet. 13, 1787. Heinrich Moeller was the first pastor.8
KNOX-named from John Knox, the Reformer-was formed from Bern, Feb. 28, 1822. It is the N. w. eorner town of the county. Its surface consists of a high plateau region broken by a few small hills. Its eastern part constitutes a portion of the Helderbergh region; but the declivities are so gradual that they only serve to give to the town a moderate inelination towards the N. and w. The Bozen Kil, forming a part of the E. boundary, with its tributaries, and the Beaver Dam Creek, are the principal streams. There are two eaves, supposed to be of considerable extent, about 1} mi. N. of Knoxville. The soil is principally gravel and elay, with hard pan underneath. Knox- ville9 (Knox p.o.) contains 23 houses. W. Township, (p.o.,) E. Township, and Peoria, on the line of Bern, are small villages. This town was settled by Germans before the Revolution. During the war the people beeame divided in politics, and after the defeat of Burgoyne many of the tory families went to Canada.10 Saml. Abbot and Andrew Brown, from Conn., settled in town in 1789; and soon after 20 to 30 families came in from the same State. The first ehureh was a Ref. Prot. D.11
NEW SCOTLAND-was formed from Bethlehem, April 25, 1832. It is the eentral town of the county. The eastern and eentral parts are high and rolling, with oeeasional isolated hills and ridges; and the western border is oeeupied by the Helderbergh Mountains. The principal streams are Normans Kil, Vlamans Creek, and Coeymans Creek, (or Onisketliau Kil,) and several of their tributaries. Upon the side of Bennett Hill, in the s. w. part, is a strong sulphur spring. Near Clarksville are two eaves, extending respectively & and } mi. under ground. Streams flow through each of them. The outlet of Lawsons Lake, in the s. w. part, about 1 mi. from the lake, falls into a deep eavity and flows } mi. in a subterranean passage, and in its course it receives a considerable tributary.12 At the northern foot of Copeland Hill, near the same locality, are remark- able sink holes, 5 to 8 feet in diameter, and extending down through the soil and lime rock to a depth of 10 to 20 feet. A subterranean stream connects the bottoms of these eavities.13 The soil is a gravelly loam mixed with elay. Clarksville (p. v.) is situated at the foot of the Helder- berghs, on Coeymans Creek, and contains 211 inhabitants. New Salem (p. v.) contains 27 houses ; and New Scotland (p. v.) 15. Unionville, (Union Church p. o.,) Feuribush,
Since the Revolution, a small number of Indians belonging to the Oneida tribe lived in this town. They removed, but re- turned for a short time in 1812. An acct. of £10 was audited in 1792, for building stocks and a whipping post.
1 Tho census reports 6 churches in town; 3 M. E., R. P.D., R. C., and Union.
2 From " Boos," angry, because of its rapid descent and severo freshets.
8 A glass factory was erected here in 1792; and in 1793 the State loaned the proprietors £3000 for 8 years .- 3 years without interest and 5 at 5 per cent. In 1796 the project was conceived of establishing here a manufacturing town, and the ground was laid out into streets and lots, under the name of Hamilton. To encourage the project, the company and workmen were exempted from taxation for 5 years. The works were discontinued in 1815 for want of fuel .- Munsell's Annals, vol. III. p. 157.
4 Named from Christopher Dunn, original owner; locally known as " Hardscrabble."
6 An inn was kept here during the Revolution by Jacob Aker. It was the seat of a factory in 1800.
6 Named from Abel French. who built a factory here in 1800. A clothing works was erected here in 1795, by Peter K. Broeck. 7 The news of Burgoyne's surrender was celebrated by the whigs by burning a hollow chestnut tree on a hill. A barrel of tar had previously been turned down the hollow trunk and branches.
8 A R. P. D. church was formed Dec. 14, 1793. The census reports, besides thoso already mentioned, 3 churches ; 2 Presb. and 1 M. E.
9 Knoxville was forinerly known as " Union Street," and is still locally called " The Street." . 10 Capt. Jacob Van Aernden was an active leader of the whigs of this section during the war.
11 The census reports 6 churches ; 3 M. E., R. P. D., Luth., and Bap.
12 This cavity has been explored, and in it are found beautiful stalactites, and thousands of hats clinging to the roof.
18 This passage has been explored. and is found to contain several rooms of consideratle size. Some years ago a notorious thief used this cavity as a depository for stolen goods, and for s
165
ALBANY COUNTY.
and Oniskethau (locally known as "Tarrytown") are hamlets. Teunis Slingerland, from Holland, was the first settler on the Oniskcthau flats. Ile purchased 9874 aeres, and built a dwelling near the center of the tract, and erected the first mills.1 The first church (Ref. Prot. D.) was organized at New Salem about 1786.2
RENSSELAERVILLE-named from the Van Rensselaer family-was formed from Water- vliet, March 8, 1790. Bern was taken off in 1795, and a part of Westerlo in 1815. It is the s. w. corner town of the county. Its surface is mostly upland, broken by parallel ridges extending N. and s. and rising 400 to 600 feet above the valleys. The principal streams are Catskill Creek and its tributaries, Serub, Fox, Ten Mile, and Eight Mile Creeks, and Willow Brook. The valleys of these streams are narrow, and are bordered by steep hill sides, and the streams are rapid, and subject to sudden and destructive freshets. Upon Ten Mile Creek, near Rensselaerville, is a fall of 100 feet; and upon Willow Brook is another of 40 feet. Bog irou has been found in the E. part. There is a sulphur spring 22 miles N. E. of Preston Hollow. The soil is elay and gravel, underlaid by hard pan. Rensselaerville3 (p. v.) contains an academy." Pop. 561. Will- iamsburgh, on the w. border of the town, contains 18 houses; Preston Hollow5 (p. v.) 40; and Medusa6 (p.v.) 30; Potters Hollow' and Cooksburg8 are post-offices.9 The town was mostly settled by emigrants from New England soon after the Revolution. Michael Brandt, a German from Schoharie, lived in town during the war.10 Daniel Shay, the leader of the revolt known as Shay's Rebellion, moved to this town in 1795. Maj. John Edmonds, a Revo- lutionary officer, was also a settler in this town. The first church (Presb.) was formed in Nov. 1793, and the edifiee erected in 1796.11 Rev. Samuel Fuller was the first pastor.
WATERVLIET-was formed Mareh 7, 1788, and included the w. distriet of the manor of Rensselaerwyek.12 Rensselaerville was taken off in 1790, Coeymans in 1791, Bethlehem in 1792, Guilderland in 1803, and Niskayuna in 1809.13 It lies at the junction of the Hudson and Mohawk, in the N. E. corner of the county. Its surface is mostly an upland, 200 to 300 feet above the river. The declivities of this upland are broken by numerous gulleys worn by the small streams. A fine intervale, nearly half a mile in width, extends along the Hudson. At Cohoes, on the Mohawk, the river flows over a rocky declivity 78 feet in height, of which 40 feet is perpen- dicular.14 The banks, both above and below the falls, are high and precipitous. The Erie Canal rises, by a series of 18 locks, from the Hudson, through the village of Cohoes, to the most northerly angle of the town 3 mi. above, and 188 feet above tide. At this point it crosses the river into Sara- toga co., in a stone aqueduct, 11374 feet long, 26 feet high, and resting upon 26 piers. The soil is a deep, rich alluvial upon the river intervale, and a light, sandy loam upon the upland. Sulphur and chalybeate springs, and bog iron ore, are found in town. The quarries of graywacke furnish an excellent flagging and building stone. This is the most populous town in the State. West Troy, (p.v.,) ineorp. April 30, 1836, is a commercial and manufacturing village opposite the city of Troy. Pop. 8306. It is especially noted for the extent of its lumber trade, and for being the seat13
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