USA > New York > Gazetteer of the State of New York: embracing a comprehensive view of the geography, geology, and general history of the State, and a complete history and description of every county, city, town, village, and locality, Part 1 > Part 84
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7 Gencral Ilerkimer's house is still standing, 3 mi. below Little Falls, s. of the canal. It is of imported hrick, and was built in 1763, at a cost of $7,500 to $9,000. Some of tlie rooms were finished in panel work and were plastered on the brick walls; and in its day the house was surpassed by none in this section. It is now owned by Daniel Conner. Efforts were made to burn it in the Revolution by throwing combustibles upon the roof; but further attempts of this kind were prevented by covering it with a layer of clay. Gen. Herkimer's grave is 25 rods g. E. from the house, on A knoll, and is marked by a plain white tombstone inscribed as follows :-
NICHOLAS HERKIMER. Dird
Aug. 17, 1777,
Ten days after the battle of Oriskany, in which engagement le received wounds which caused his death."
Attempts have been repeatedly made to obtain the means to erect a suitable mouumeut ; but, notwithstanding the resolution | Presb., and Cong.
of Congress on the 4th of October, 1777, " that the Governor and Council of New York be desired to erect a monument. at Con- tinental expense, of the value of $500, to the memory of the late Brigadier Ilarkemer, who connuanded the militia of Tryon co., in the State of N. Y., and who was killed fighting gallantly in defense of the liberty of these States," this order has been neg- lected, and the citizen chief lies forgotten hy the country for whose cause he gave his life. He was chairman of the Tryon co. committee of safety. At the time of his death he was about 50 years of age.
8 This town included nearly all of the Glen Purchase and the first allotment of the Royal Grant.
9 The s. w. corner of the old college building is 1,276.8 ft. above tidewater at Troy. The chapel threshold is 727 feet above low water at W. Canada Creek at Middleville, and Barts Ilill is 1,177 feet above the same.
10 Near Middleville are found beautiful crystals of quartz. Most of them are perfectly transparent; and sometimes they inclose a few drops of water or small pieces of anthracite coal.
11 Fairfield Academy was estabi.shed in 1803. A medical de- partment, incorp. as the College of Physicians and Surgeons, was founded in 1809, and continued until 1840. A conditional college charter was granted to the academy in 1812, under the name of " Clinton College ;" but the conditions were uot com- plied with.
12 This establishment manufactures $40,000 worth of calf- skins and upper leather annually.
13 These settlers, though Royalists, were attacked by the In- dians in 1779. Two members of the families were killed, and tlie others were carried into captivity. Families named Keller Windecker, and Pickert settled near the Manheim line, and others settled on the Glen Purchase, before the war. Cornelins Chatfield settled in March, and Abijah Mann in May, 17:5. Josiah, David, and Lester Johnson, John Bucklin, Benj. Bowen. Johu Eaton. Nath'l and Win. Brown, Sam'l Low, David Bense. ley, Elisha Wyman, Comfort Raton. Jeremiah Ballard, Wm. Bncklin. - Arnold, Daniel Venner. Nathan Smith, Nahnmn Daniels, Amos and Jos. Haile. - Neely, and Peter and Bela Ward, all from New England. settled soon after. The first store was kept by Smith & Daniels, in 1792-93. The first gristmill was built by -- Empie, and the first sawmill by Samuel & Paul Green. A school was taught in 1795. by Wm. D. Gray : but others had been previously taught in the N. part of the town.
14 There are now 6 churches in town ; 2 M. E., Bap., Prot. E.,
344
HERKIMER COUNTY.
FRANKFORT !-- was formed from German Flats, Fcb. 5, 1796. It was divided in the forma- tion of Oneida co. in 1798, and a part annexed to Decrfield. It lies on the w. border of the co., s. of the Mohawk. Its surface is a broad intervale, rising into hills of moderate elevation on the s. w. border, the highest points being about 500 ft. above the river. The Mohawk flows s. E. on the N. border. The streams are small brooks and creeks. The soil on the uplands is a clayey and slaty loam, and on the flats an alluvial loam. Limestone ledges are found in the s. w. The most important of these is called Horsebone Ledge. The stone is whitish and makes execllent lime. Slate and ealciferous sandstone are also found in some places. Frank fort, (p. v., ) in the N. E., near the Mohawk, contains 4 churches, 1 bank, a grist and saw mill, woolen factory, and distillery. Pop. 1,150. New Graefenberg (p.o.) is the scat of a water cure, 4} mi. from Utica. Howards Bush (Frankfort Ifill p. o.) is w. of the center. Jacob Folts made the first settle- ment, on Lot 3, Burnetsfield Patent, before the Revolution.2 The census reports 7 churches in town.3
GERMAN FLATS'-was formed, as a district of "Tryon co.," March 24, 1772. Its name was exchanged with the Kingsland District, March 8, 1773. It was recognized as a town March 7, 1788. Frankfort, Litchfield, and Warren were taken off in 1796, and a part of Little Falls in 1829. It lies upon the s. bank of the Mohawk, s. of the center of the co. A finc intervale extends along the river, and from it the surface gradually riscs to a height of 300 to 400 ft. and spreads out into an undulating upland. The valley of Fulmer Creek divides this upland into two nearly equal parts. The other streams are small brooks. The soil is a elay and slaty loam upon the hills, and a gravelly loam and alluvium in the valleys. Mohawk, (p. v.,) a canal village, in the N. w. part of the town, was incorp. April 16, 1844. It contains 3 churches, a bank, and news- paper office. Pop. 1,355. Ilion (p.v.) is a canal village, 1} mi. w. of Mohawk. It contains 2 churches, a bank, and Remmington's rifle factory. Pop. 813. Fort Herkimer, upon the Mohawk, in the E. part, contains 2 churches and 20 houses. Dennisons Corners (Dennison p. o.) and Pains Hollow are hamlets. The first settlements were made in 1722, by a colony of Palatinates who had previously located upon the IIudson.5 The population rapidly increased until 1756, when the whole settlement was laid waste by a party of Canadians, French, and Indians.6 A council was held with the Indians at this place, June 28, 1775, at which the Oneidas and Tus- caroras agreed to remain neutral." During the Revolution the Indians committed many murders in town ; and in July, 1782, they destroyed nearly the whole settlement.8 The German inhabitants carly espoused the Patriot cause ; and the first liberty-pole in the Mohawk Valley, erected here, was eut down by Sheriff White and a body of militia, who came up from Johnstown for the pur- pose, in the spring of 1775. At the close of the war the settlements progressed with great rapidity. A treaty was held with the Indians at Fort Ilerkimer, June 28, 1785, at which time the Oneidas and Tuscaroras ceded to the State the territory lying between Unadilla and Chenango Rivers. The first church was built of logs, in 1725 ; it was superseded by one built of stone, in 1767. The building is still standing, and is the most ancient structure in the co. It was commeneed under a permit granted in 1746, but from apprehension of Indian troubles it was delayed, and a new per- mit was granted Oct. 6, 1751. It was not fully completed for use until 1767. On the 24th of Sept. 1730, Nicholas Wolever deeded Lot 30 of Burnetsfield Patent for church and school purposes. A society was formed soon after, and the conveyance was perfected April 26, 1733. Lot.3 45, 46, and 47 in German Flats were conveyed Sept. 18, 1755, by Hans Dedrick Stelly, and others, to Peter Remsen, for the support of the Ref. Prot. D. eliurch at this place. 'The first preacher was Rev. A. Rosegrantz.9
1 Named from Lawrence Frank. an early seltler. A large part of Cosby's Manor, 14 tiers of great lots of Bayard's Patent, 4 lots in Burnetsfield Palent, { of 1 lot in Frank's, 44 lots in Staboy's, and a part of Colden's Patent, are in this town .- Benton's Herkimer. p. 400.
2 Among the other early settlers were Conrad Folts, Andrew Piper. David Dederick, Aaron James, - Morgan. Evan Evans, Joseph Harris, John Morris, John Myers, and Adamn Weber. Several Welsh families settled about 1800. The first inn was kept by John Myers, in 1795; the first sawmill was Imilt by John Hollister. in 1794; and the first gristmill by Adam J. CampInAL in 1808.
8 4 M. K .. Bap., Ref. Prot. D., and Univ.
4 Named from the German settlers who located on the Mo- hawk Flats at this place.
6 Among the early settlers were families named Ergbemar. Herkimer. Fox, Editch, Bellinger, Starring, Wolever, and Herter, -nantes still common in the co.
6 This attack was made Nov. 11, 1776. The settlers were totally unprepared. and the greater part were murdered or cup- tured without resistance. The French account states that a mill, 60 houses, and a large number of barns, were destroyed,
40 persons were killed, and 150 taken prisoners. These nu.n bers were doubtless much exaggerated. A small stockuded fort, called Fort Kouari, was garrisoned at this time, and afforded shelter for a portion of the inhabitants. On the 20th of April, 1758. the French and Indians made another attack upon the settlers, and killed 30, losing 15 of their own number.
7 On the 15th and 16th of Ang. 1775, another council was held here by Turbot Francis and Valkert P. Doun, on the part ot the Commissioners for the Northern Department, to induce the In dians to go to Albany to hold a great council. They attended [ at Albany soon after; but sufficient inducements conkl not be offered to detach them from the royal cause.
6 In July, 1782. a party of 600 Indians and tories entered the settlement, and were discovered by Peter Wolever. who, with Augustinus Hess, lived abont 50 rods from the fort. Both Tami. lies escaped to the fort, except Hess, who was killedl at the picket gate. Valentine Starring was tortured within hearing of the fort, which was too feeble to attempt a rescue .- Benton's Her- kimer, p. 406.
9 There are now ? churches in town; 2 Ref. Prot. D., Bap., Ev Luth., F. W. Bap., Univ,, amd Union.
345
HERKIMER COUNTY.
HERKIMER !-- was formed from Kingsland Distriet, Marel 7, 1788. A part of Palatino (Montgomery co.) was annexed in 1791. Norway and Schuyler were taken off in 1792, a part of Newport in 1806, and a part of Little Falls in 1829. A part was annexed to Sehuyler in 1808, and restored in 1811. It lies on the N. bank of the Mohawk, near the center of the settled portions of the co. A wide intervale extends along the river, and from it the surface gradually rises to the N. line of the town. West Canada Creek flows s. through near the center, dividing the uplands into two distinct ridges. The Hasenelever Mts., w. of the creck, are 600 to 800 ft. above the Mohawk. The soil upon the hills is a gravelly loam, and in the valleys a deep, fertile alluviun. Her- kimer,? (p. v.,) upon the Mohawk, w. of the mouth of West Canada Creek, was incorp. April 6, 1807. It contains the co. buildings, 3 churches, a bank, newspaper office, paper mill,3 and gristmill. Pop. 1,371. It is a station upon the N. Y. C. R. R. Eatonville (p. o.) is a hamlet, in the N. E. eorner, on the line of Fairfield and Little Falls. The carly history of the town is blended with that of German Flats, of which it formed a part until its organization as a town. The first settlements were made by Palatinates, under the patronage of Gov. Hunter, in 1722." It had its share of suffering during the Revolution; and all the patriot families that re- mained during the war were those sheltered by Fort Dayton. This fortress stood upon a point of the stone ridge about 30 rods above the present site of the courthouse. After the destruction of Fort Sehuyler by flood and fire, in May, 1781, Forts Dayton and Herkimer became the frontier defenses of the Mohawk Valley.5 After the war, many of the Indians and tories who had been actively engaged in hostilities returned to the settlements; but they were received by the settlers in a way little calculated to inspire sentiments of friendship, and the greater part emigrated to more congenial places.6 The first church (Ref. Prot. D.) was formed at an early period, by Rev. A. Rosegrantz ; but the preeise date has been lost.7
LITCHFIELD8-was formed from German Flats, Feb. 5, 1796. A part of Winfield was taken off in 1816. It lies on the w. border of the eo., s. of the Mohawk. Its surface is elevated and moderately lilly, its mean elevation being about 500 feet above the river. A series of ridges in the w. and s. are known as the "Dry Lots,"9 no water being found upon them. The streams are small ; some flow s. into the Unadilla and others N. into the Mohawk. In the E. part is a sulphur spring.10 Litchfield (p. v.) contains 1 church and about 15 houses; Cedar Lake (p. o.) 1 church and 9 houses ; Jerusalem, a hamlet near the center, 2 churches and 7 houses. The first settlement was commeneed about 1789, by Jabez Snow, on Snow Hill.11 The first reli- gious services were held in 1794; Rev. - Spaulding was the first preacher.12
LITTLE FALLS-was formed from Fairfield, Herkimer, and German Flats, Feb. 16, 1829. It lies in the interior of the eo., s. of the center. Its surface is a broken upland, divided by the
1 Named in honor of Gen. Nicholas Herkimer. It was intended | died of his wounds the next day. The two little boys were re- to apply the name to the territory including the old residence turned after the war .- Benton's Herkimer. of the General, but by mistake it was given to this town. The Kingsland District was one of the divisions of Tryon co. formed March 24. 1772. Its name was exchanged with that of German Flats District, March 8, 1773. It included all that portion of the co. lying w. of Palatine District and N. of the Mohawk. This town embraces the whole of Winner's and a part of Burnetsfield, Hasenclever's, Colden's, and Willet's Patents, and small por- tions of the Royal Grant aud Glen's Purchase.
2 Originally called "Stone Ridge."
8 This paper mill was established in 1849; it gives employment to 120 hands.
4 Among the early settlers were Johan Joost Petrie, Frederick and A. M. Pell, Jury Docksteder. Nicholas Feeter, Melgert Fols, Henry Ileger, - Leudert, Frederick Johan, Adam and Philip Ilelmer, and families named Schmidt, Weaver, and Bellinger. The first schools were Germau. - Robinson taught the first English school, at the village.
5 Lient. Solomon Woodworth was stationed at Fort Dayton with a small force of Continental troops. Ile rendered great service to the settlers in this part of the valley. In the summer of 1781, with 40 men, he went out to reconnoiter ; lint about 3 mi. N. of Herkimer the party fell into an Indian ambmuscade, and only 15 escaped. The commander and 20 meu were killed. A Mrs. Sunth. scalped by the Indians during the war, recovered and lived to a good old age. On the 6th of August, 1781. a party of tories and Indians, under Donald McDonald, a Scotch refugee, from Johnstown, made an attack npou the settlement at Shells Bush, The inhabitants mostly fled to Fort Dayton; but John Christian Shell and his family, consisting of his wife and 6 sons, took refuge in their own house, which was a strong blockhouse. Ilis two little sons, twins. 8 years of age, were taken prisoners; but the remainder of the family escaped within and secured the entrance. In trying to force the door. McDonald was wounded, and niade prisoner. The attack continued until dark, when the tories fled, with a loss of Il killed and 6 wounded. McDonald
6 John Adam Hartman. an active and successful ranger, was engaged in perilous service through the war. Soon after the peace, an Indian came into an inn, in the w. part of this town, where Ilarfinan was present, and, getting intoxicated. began to boast of his exploits, and showed a tobacco pouch made from the skin of a white child's arm and hand, with the nails still on. When the Indian left, Hartman found business on the same road. They both passed into a swamp; and the Indian never came out. In reply to questions put to him, Hartman said that he last saw the Indian, some distance ahead, standing on a log; and that he fell as if hurt. Hartman was tried for murder, but was acquitted. Ile lived in town till bis death, iu the spring of 1836 .- Benton's Herkimer, p. 409.
7 There are 3 churches in town; 2 M. E., Ref. Prot. D.
8 Named from Litchfield, Conn., whence mauy of the early settlers came.
9 These hills have limestone ledges belonging to the Helder- bergh series. These lots, 2 in number, contain about 1,600 acres each. Water is obtained by wells at great expense.
10 The Columbian Springs, in Browns Hollow, have been bronght to public notice, but have yet gained only a local repu- tation.
11 Among the other early settlers were John Everett, Nathaniel Ball, and Ebenezer Drury, from N. 1 .: and Ezekiel Goodell and S. Sherry. from Conn. Selah Holcomb settled 2 mi. t. of Jeru- salem. Win. and Thos. Jones, Oliver Rider, Joseph Crosby, and others, were also early settlers. The first birth was that of Luke Andrews, in 1790: the first marriage, that of Joseph Day and - -, in the same year. Jeremiah Everett taught the first school ; Joseph Shepard kept the first inn : David Davis kept the first store: -- Talcott built the first sawmill, and John Littlejohn the first gristmill. in 1806-07.
12 The census reports S churches in towu; 2 Presb., 2 M. E., 2 Univ., Bap., and Wes, Meth.
346
HERKIMER COUNTY.
deep, narrow gorge of the Mohawk. A range of hills extend N. and s. from the village. They are rocky and precipitous near the river, but less rugged on the N. and s. borders.1 The Mohawk flows N. E. through near the center of the town in a series of cascades and rapids. Its banks are rocky and in places precipitous. The soil is a sandy, gravelly loam. Little Falls, (p. v.,) in the E. part, on the line of Manheim and Danube, was incorp. March 30, 1811. Its name was changed to "Rockton," April 16, 1850, and again changed to Little Falls, April 16, 1852. It is an important station on the N. Y. C. R. R. It contains 9 churches, a bank, 2 printing offices, the Little Falls Academy, a union school, and a large number of manufactories.2 Pop. 3,984. Jackson- burgh, in the w., on the canal, has 206 inhabitants; and Bethel, in the s., 1 church and 15 houses. Paines Hollow is a p.o. Lots 12 and 13 of Burnetsfield Patent, cmibracing all the water- power N. of the river, were owned before the Revolution by - Petrie. This town also embraces portions of several other patents issued at an early period.3 The first settlements were made by a colony of Palatinates, in 1722.' The settlers suffered much during the war, and most of them were driven off.5 The first settler at the village after the war was Jolin Proteus, in 1790.6 A great impulse was given to the business and population of the place by the construction of the locks of the Western Navigation Co. in 1796.7 The first church was built about 1815. . It was octagonal, with a steep roof, and surmounted by a cupola. The census reports 10 churches in town.8
MANIIEIM9-was formed from Palatine, (Montgomery co., ) April 7, 1817. It lies on the N. bank of the Mohawk, upon the E. border of the co. Its surface gradually rises from the intervales along the Mohawk to the N. border, where it attains an elevation of 500 ft. above the river. East Canada Creek forms its E. boundary.10 Cathatachua Creek flows s. through near the center, and Bennett Brook flows s. E. through the N. E. corner. Upon East Canada Creek, 1 mi. above its mouth, is a series of cascades, where the water descends 180 ft. in three-fourths of a mi. The soil is a gravelly loam upon the upland, and a fine, fertile alluvium in the valleys. Brocketts Bridge, (p. v.,) upon East Canada Creek, in the N. part, contains 2 churches, a large tannery,11 gristmill, and 50 houses ; and Inghams Mills, upon East Canada Creek, 3 mi. below Brock- etts Bridge, a church and 25 houses. East Creek (p. o.) is a hamlet and station upon the N. Y. C. R. R., near the mouth of East Canada Creek. Manheim Center is a p. o. The first settlements were made by Germans, probably in about the year 1736.12 During the Revolution they were frequently attacked by the Indians and were mostly destroyed. On the 30th of April, 1780, a party of 60 tories and Indians fell upon the settlements at Rheimen Snyder's Bush, burned a grist- mill, and carried 19 persons away into captivity.13 The first church, built in 1774 or '75, was burned during the war, and was rebuilt soon after. The census reports 5 churches ; 2 M.E., 2 Union, and Ref. Prot. D.
1 The rocks at Little Falls are chiefly hypersthene and gneiss, | Win. Carr, Wm. Moralee, Washington Britton, Alpheus Park- overlaid by calciferous sandstone on the s. side of the river. hurst, John Drummond, Eben Britton, and Josiah Skinner,-all of whom came in town between 1790 and 1800. Falls Hill. s. of the village, is 518 feet above the canal, and Roll Way Bloff. N. of the village, is little less in height. In the im. 7 These locks were planned by Roswell Weston. an English engineer, and built under the direction of Philip Selinyler. The first locks, built of wood, were replaced by stone in 1804. mediate vicinity of the village are quarries of limestone, from which is obtained lime and a good building material. Small caves and pot holes are numerons among the rocks near the 8 Bap .. Ev. I.nth., M. E., Af. Meth., Meth. Prot., Presb., Prot. Episc., R. C., Univ., and Union. river. The largest of the latter is 28 feet in diameter and 37 feet deep. The break through the mountains at this place was one 9 Named from Manhein, in Baden, the native place of the
of the most forinidable barriers in the construction of the Erie | early settlers. The town embrac s 6 lots of Glen's Purchase, a
Canal. The N. part of the town is covered with Utica slate, and the s. part by the Hudson River and Clinton groups.
2 Among these mannfactories are 4 paper mills, turning out $150,000 worth of paper ammally ; 2 woolen factories, producing about $250,000 worth of goods annually ; a stocking yarn mill, producing goods to the amount of $30.000, and a starch factory, using $30.000 worth of corn. annually. Besides these are 2 flouring mills, a cotton factory, 3 large shoe manufactories, and an extensive carriage shop.
4 Among thirse early settlers were John Jost Temonth, Mary Beerman. Nicholas Kester, Johannes Pouradt, and Christian Fox. John Petric kept the first inn, before the Revolution. A gristmill built on Caster Creek, in the N. part of the town, was stockaded during the war.
5 In June. 1782, a party of tories and Indians invaded the town, burned a gristmill on Furnace Creek, killed Daniel Petrie, and carried away several prisoners.
6 Among the first settlers after the war were Wm. Alexander, Richard Phillips, Thos. Smith. Joel Lankton, Richard Winsor, i torica.
part of the fourth allotinent of the Royal Grant. the Patents of John Van Driessen and of Snell and Zimmerman, a part of the patents of Rev. Peter Van Driessen and of Vrooman, and several minor tracts granted since the Revolution.
10 This stream was called by the Indians Ci-o-ha-na and Sag- o-ha-ra.
11 This is the largest tannery in the co. It has a capital of $250,000, consumes 5.000 cords of bark per annum. and mann- factures sol leather exclusively.
" This town includes a portion of the Glen Purchase of 1739; 12 Among the early settlers were families named Snell. Zim- merman. and Van Driessen. Snell was the patentee of a large Guy .Johnson's Tract. granted in 1765: Vaughan's Patent. granted in 1770; Fall Dill Patent, granted in 1752; 6 lots of Butterfickl's | tract. Seven of the name, including several of his sons, were Patent, granted in 1725, and small portions of several other patchts.
killed at the battle of Oriskany. John Beardsley built the first mill. in 1793. The first school (German) was taught by- Kaufman.
13 A blockhouse stood at this place, and many of the inhabit- ants took refuge in it. Twelve of the prisoners were taken at one honse by half the minher of Indians. withont resistance. The captives all returned after the war, except one who died in Canada, and one that escaped. John G. Snell, while searching for cattle in the woods, was surprised by the Indians and shot through the body. lle recovered. however, and livel to an advanced age. The town was deserted after this by all but
347
HIERKIMER COUNTY.
NEWPORT-was formed from Herkimer, Fairfield, Norway, and Schuyler, April 7, 1806. It lies on the w. border of the co., near the center. Its surface is broken by ridges of highlands, which risc 400 to 500 ft. each side of the narrow intervale of West Canada Creek. This stream flows s. E. through the town, near the center. White Creek flows s. through the E. part. The soil is a claycy loam, with some gravel on the hills. It is chiefly underlaid by limestone, which is quarried in some localities. Newport, (p. v.,) near the center, incorp. Marchi 20, 1857, contains 3 churches, 1 bank, a gristmill, cotton factory,2 and 671 inhabitants. Settlement was commenced in 1791, by Christopher Hawkins, from R. I. ; 3 Rev. David Haskell (Bap.) held the first meetings, in 1796.4
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