USA > New York > Gazetteer of the State of New York: embracing a comprehensive view of the geography, geology, and general history of the State, and a complete history and description of every county, city, town, village, and locality, Part 1 > Part 40
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long time ehided the vigilance of those who were searching for | him. At length he was tracked to bis hiding place, and the : -xistence of the cavity was made known.
I Among the other first settlers were Daniel Pangburn and Wmn. Van Walter, at Stoney Hill; Ebenezer Wands, John Watt, tieo. Swan. and Win. Kirkland, Scotch eumigrants, near New .cotland; and Geo. Reed, John Patterson, Saml. Ramsey and sons, James McMullin, David Allen, Wm. McCulloch, and - Brandt in other parts of the town.
2 There are in town 8 churches ; 4 Ref. Prot. D., 3 M. E., Presh. The Friends organized a meeting in 1812.
3 Samuel Jenkins, the first settler, located here February 22, 4 Opened Jan. 17, 1847.
1788.
5 Named from the family of first settlers, who came in soon after the Revolution.
6 Formerly called " Halls Mills," or " Halls Hollow."
¡ Named from Saml. Potter, who, with his sons and brothers, were first settlers.
Truman Beman was the first pastor. A Bap. church was formed at Preston Hollow in 1800; a Friends meeting at Potters Hlolow in 1808; and Trinity Church (P. E.) was organized in 1816. There are besides, in town, 2 M. E. churches.
12 The manor was divided into the East and West Districts, March 5, 1779, the river being the separating bounds. This district, as defined by act of March 24, 1772, embraced all that part of the manor north of an E. and w. line from Beeren Island north to Cumberland co., except the city of Albany.
13 It includes the former village of "Gibbonsville," (incorp. April 23, 1823,) and places known as " Washington" and "Port Schuyler."
14 The cascade is in full view from the R. R. bridge, a few rods below Cohoes. The Champlain Canal crosses the Mohawk a short distance below, in a pond formed by a dam 1650 feet long and 7 feet high. and unites with the Erie Canal 2 mi. s. of this point.
15 The arsenal grounds occupy about 100 acres, located be- tween the Troy and Albany turnpike and the Erie Canal, the
8 Named from Thomas B. Cook, who purchased land here in Anticipation of business from the Catskill and Canajoharie R. R., - latter furnishing water-power for the machinery of the arsenal. which was completed to this place from the Hudson. The road was run two years. when the rails were taken np. The grounds are inclosed by a high wall, excepting the part be- tweeu the river and the turnpike. This is the principal govern- 9 Upon the farm of Ezra Lester, in a place known as Willow Glen, formerly stood a village, known as " Prekham Hollow," consisting of 2 stores, 2 smith's shops, and 14 houses. For a turne it was a rival of Rensselaerville; but now not a vestige of it remains. ment manufactory of gun carriages, machines. equipments, ammunition, and military supplies for the troops and forts of the United States. The building of this establishment was begun in 1814. under Col. Geo. Bomford. of the Ordnance de- partment, and it was for many years under the charge of Maj. Jas. Dalliba. The Watervliet Arsenal now consists of more
10 At the time of the Indian incursion into Bern, Mr. B. had gone to Catskill Landing, leaving his family alone. On their | than thirty buildings of brick and stone, mostly large shops return, the savages passed close by with their scalps, prisoners, and storehouses, -- the former of which will accommodate. in and plunder. but offered no molestation.
case of need, more than son workmen. The stores deposited
11 A Bap. church was formed at Reusselaerville in 1797; Rev. i here exceed $1,500,000 in value. A company of soldiers of the
166
ALBANY COUNTY.
of an extensive U. S. arsenal. It has a bank, printing office, 8 churches,1 and extensive manu- factures of woolen goods, bells, butts and hinges, castings, carriages, and malt. The annual aggregate value of manufactured products is about $1,000,000.2 Green Island (p. v.) was incorp. Oet. 14, 1853. Pop. 1,324. It contains 2 churches,3 a car factory, brass, malleable iron, and 2 iron founderies and R. R. machine shops. It is also the seat of considerable lumber trade.4 Cohoes, (p. v.,) incorp. under general aet, is a manufacturing village upon the Mohawk.5 Pop. 6106. A dam is here erected across the Mohawk,6 and the water is con- dueted by canals to convenient. places for factories. The whole fall is 103 feet, and the water is used 5 times from canals of different levels. The annual aggregate of manufactured products is nearly $2,000,000.7 The village contains a savings bank, 6 churches,8 and a large number of stores, shops, &c. Boght9 (p.v.) contains 15 houses. The Ref. Prot. D. church of this place was organized April 14, 1784, by Rev. E. Westerlo. Lishias Kil, Newtonville, 10 and Ireland Corners" are hamlets and p. offices. Loudonville is a hamlet, 22 miles from Albany. Tivoli Hollow, on Patroon Creek, adjoining Albany, has extensive manufactures of ag. implements, bolts, and hollowware. North Albany lies on the river, north of the city, and contains 40 houses. It includes a portion of the "Lumber District" and several manu- factories. Spencerville, or West Albany, is the name applied to the recent establishments of the N. Y. C. R. R., 3} mi. N. w. of the city, including the cattle and wood yards and car and engine houses of the company. The Shaker Settlement,12 in the w. part of the town, consists of about 300 persons, living in 4 distinct families, in a manner peculiar to that people. Town House Corners is a populous neighborhood near the center of the town, where town business has usually been transacted. Watervliet Center (p. o.) is a hamlet. The Albany Rural Cemetery"3 was incorp. April 20, 1841, and the site selected April 20, 1844. The premises were dedicated and consecrated Oct. 7 of the same year. Haver (Dutch for "Oat") and Van Schaicks Islands, in the Hudson above Green Island, are separated from each other and the mainland by the "Sprouts" of the Mohawk. Upon the approach of Burgoyne, in the summer of 1777, Gen. Schuyler retired to these islands and threw up fortifications to check the advance of the enemy expected from both the N. and w. Upon the retreat of St. Leger from the siege of Fort Stanwix, no further trouble was apprehended from the direction of the Mohawk Valley ; and Gen. Gates, upon assuming the command of the northern army, advanced into Saratoga County. The traces of the fortifica- tions are still visible.
WESTERLOH-was formed from Coeymans and Rensselaerville, March 16, 1815. It lies upon the center of the southern border of the county. Its surface is broken and hilly, with a general southerly inclination. The highest point in the northerly part of the town is 800 feet above tide. The hills are very steep and irregular, and the valleys are mere narrow ravines. The streams are Haanakrois, Basie, Wolf, Fly, and Eight Mile Creeks and their branches. These are all rapid streams, and are liable to severe freshets. The soil is a sandy and gravelly loam, inter-
Ordnance departinent forms the guard of the arsenal, and the men are also employed in the shops. Most of the employees are citizen mechanics. A large number of trophy cannon are de- posited upon the premises.
1 Bap. org. 1827; Ref. Prot. D., 3844: P. E., (Trinity.) 1835: 2 R. C., (St. Patrick's, 1839, and St. Bridget's. 1851. ) and 2 M. E. 2 The village is built on land formerly held by the Bleeker family. It was purchased by a company of Troy capitalists and laid ont as a village, and has mostly grown up since the com- pletion of the canals. 3 Presb. and M. E.
4 It is situated upon an island in the Hudson directly op- posite the city of Troy, of which it fornis a suburb
6 'The Cohoes Co. was incorp. March 28. 1826, wnh a capital of $250,000. afterward increased to $500.000. This co. built the dam, and constructed the canals, for the purpose of leasing the water power.
6 This dain is half a mile long, and the canal 2 miles long. " The following manufactories were reported here in the census of 1\55:
li knitting inills, value of product. $647,100
2 cotton factories. 618.000
1 xx and edge tool factory 210.000
- bedstend factories. 45,000
I veneering factory ... 42.000
mills 28.000
I machine shop and foundery 34,200
1 tobacco factory. 21,450
1 shoddy mill. 21.840
1 wheel factory. 9.000
I straw paper factory. 9,000 1 bobbin shop ..
6,000)
There are now a considerable anmber of mannfactories not in- conded in the above list.
8 M. E., Ref. Prot. D., Presb., P. E., (St. John's,) Bap., and R. C .. (St. Bernard. )
9 The Dutch for " beud," in reference to the bend in the Mo- hawk ; sometimes called " Groesbeck Corners," from Wm. G. Groesbeck. One of the earliest settlements in the county was made in this neighborhood.
10 Named from J. M. Newton.
11 Named from E. H. Ireland, innkeeper.
12 This community was formed iu 1776, by Ann Lee and her followers, by whom she is regarded as the spiritual mother of mankind. It is the oldest of the kind in the U. S., and now owns 2540 acres, including about 300 acres of alluvial land on the Mohawk at the month of the Schoharie Creek and on Shaker Island, which are annually fertilized by the floode of the Mohawk. aud chiefly devoted to the raising of broom com. The whole number of buildings in the settlement is abont 150, several of which are of stone or brick. They have a commodions church, (built in 1848,) 3 offices, 1 schoolhouse, 8 dwellings, (suitable for 50 to 100 persons each. ) 2 grist mills, 3 saw mills, 3 machine shops, for turning, sawing. &c .. and numerous other shops and storehouses. Their pursuits are agriculture, horti- culture. the manufacture of brooms and medicines, and sheh mechanical trades as their own wants require. The females are employed in household work, dressmaking, spinning. werving. branding whiplashes and bonnets, and in making small salablo articles. They keep 40 to 50 horses, 80 cows. 16 yoke of warn. 500 sheep, and young stock in proportion. " Mother Ann" faa their founder is affectionately named) was buried in the cemetery bear the church family.
1? This cemetery is located upon the hills west of the Troy and Alleiny Road. 4 miles from the city, The grounds are tasto- fully laid ont, and contain many elegant monuments.
14 Named in honor of Rev. Eilandns Westerlo, of Albany.
167
ALBANY COUNTY.
spersed with clay and underlaid by hardpan. There are several fine quarries of flagging stone in town. Chesterville1 ( Westerlo p. o.) contains 196 inhabitants. Dormansville,? (p. o.,) South Westerlo, (p. o.,) Lambs Corners, and Van Leuvens Corners,3 are ham- lets. Settlement commenced before the Revolution," A Bap. church was organized, about 1800, at Chesterville ; Roswell Beckwith was the first pastor.5
Acres of Land, Valuation, Population, Dwellings, Families, Frccholders, Schools, Live Stock, Agricultural Products, and Domestic Manufactures of Albany County.
ACRES OF LAND.
VALUATION OP 1858.
POPULATION.
SCHOOLS.
NAMES OF TOWNS.
Improved.
Unimproved.
Real Estate.
Personal
Property.
Total.
Males.
Females.
No. of Dwellings.
No. of Families.
Frecholders.
No. of Districta.
Children taught.
.
Albany
2,958
1.530}
19,486,071 6,477,856 25,963,922
27,661
29,672
6,386
8,536
2,767
13
21,500
Bern
31,171
8,1154
385.387
86.575
471,962
1,578
1,628
575
574
475
21
1,300
Bethleliein
26,8042
6.616%
1.842,115
186,650
2,028,765
2,646
2,505
795
981
476
15
1,806
Coey mans.
22,563
10.066
1.017,475
202,273
1.219,748
1,486
1,477
560
554
343
15
1,134
Guilderland ..
32.590
9,701Į
719.950
79,039 67,885
798.989 323.135
939
949
352
344
312
12
730
New Scotland ....
19,012
8,114
1,083.215
110,400
1,193.615
1,680
1,647
612
613
263
15 1,337
Rensselaerville ..
31,501}
6,603
627.750
170.825
798.575
1,507
1,581
584
582
466
18
1,120
Watervliet.
25,897₺
8,1932
4,921.325
831,100
5.752.425
10,246
10,643
2,734 501
499
440
19
931
Total.
242,735
70,7774
30,931,504 8,310,141 39,241,646
50,057
53,024
13,591
15,983
7,478
¡169
39,559
LIVE STOCK.
AORICULTURAL PRODUCTS.
BUSH. OF GRAIN.
DAIRY PRODUCTS.
NAMES OF TOWNS.
Working Oxen
Cows.
Sherp.
Sicine.
Winter.
Spring.
Tons of Hay.
Bushels of
Potatoes.
Bushels of
Apples.
Pounds of
Butter.
Pounds of Cheese.
Albany
1.224! 297
549
144
860
3.714
9,484 99.8423 123.045
8,927:
94,585
16.239
124.210
100
1.555
Coeymans ..
790
931
699
1,767
1,943.
25.836
6.0164
9.104 46,929
38.004
165,555
1,285
2,951}
Knox ...
790!
959
1,032
5.245
1.189
5,620
83.6862
10.530분
18,092
90,530
2,666
2.925₺
New Scotland
749!
692
966
1,914
2,563
30.577
60,38741
5.73SA
13,768
20.256
100,050
472
2,479
Rensselaerville.
962 1.163
1,632 12.003
2.502
5.539
71,780₴
4.421
13.44S
37,176
171.440 11,535
8742
Watervliet.
1.724
884
1,912
1.034
3,306
16,059
101.313
5,228
143.023
17,273
124.751
6.5631
1,618
Westerlo.
972 1.074
1,459
3,715|
2,242;
10.592
65.497
7,522
10,157
44,432
144,448
8.790
1.744
Total.
10,954 ;9,915 13,332|
37,054,24,035 193,991
808,031
54,579
375,6541 234,251 1,173,527 36,520, 17,960}
1 Named in honor of Rev. John Chester, former pastor of 2d | judge of the county, taught school in 1788. Robt. O. K. Bemet Presb. Ch. of Albany.
2 Named from Daniel Dorman, former inn and store keeper. 8 Named from Isaac Van Leuven. First called " Sackets Corners," from Jas. Sacket, and afterward " Prestons Corners," from an intikeeper named Preston.
taught a school in 1790. Grant & Eadie kept a store and made potash at Chesterville in 1798. Lobdell & Baker built the first mill. about 1795.
6 The Ref. Prot. D. Ch. was formed about the same time. Emanuel Church, (P. E.,) at S. Westerlo, was formed in 1854. There are also 1 Christian and 2 M. E. churches, and a society
+ Among the early settlers were Nicholas Stoddard, Philip Meyer, and lanlowyek Haynes. Apollos Moore. afterward first : of Friends. in town.
Domestic Manufactures
Bern.
1.172 1.518
1,772
6,686
2.002
5 8704
4251 5.3111
18,875
22.016
152,166| 4.699:
2.706}
Bethlehem.
1.155;
927
1,629
1,722
3,593
39,910
Guilderland
1,416:1,180
1,691
2,824
3.835
50.2735
42,5834 150,411
7,952g 3.036,
15,235
786
7,125
in Fards.
Horses.
21,136
5,115
255.250
1,587
1,601
492
564
411
12
1,288
Westerlo ...
29,101
6.721
592,966
97,544
690,510
1,327
1,321
2,736
1,525
29
8,407
19.977
93,252
410
1,106
Knox.
ALLEGANY COUNTY.
This county was formed from Genesee, April 7, 1806. A portion E of Steuben eo. was annexed March 11, 1808. Portions were set off to Genesee in 1811, and to Wyoming and Livingston in 1846. It lies upon the s. line of the State, w. of the eenter; is eentrally distant 220 mi. from Albany, and contains 1,033 sq. mi. The surface is mostly SEAL an upland, separated into ridges and broken by the deep valleys of the streams. A large portion of the eo. is rough and mountainous. NY The highest summits, in the s. part, are 500 to 800 feet above the valleys and 2,000 to 2,500 feet above tide. The declivities are usually too steep for profitable cultivation. Toward the N. the co. gradually loses its mountainous eharaeter and spreads out into a hilly region. The Genesee River flows in a N. E. direction through near the center of the eo., forming a deep valley bordered by abrupt hillsides. The main ridges --- parallel to the river and about 10 mi. distant from it-form watersheds, dividing the waters flowing N. from those flowing s. The streams E. of the E. ridge are tributaries of the Susque- hanna, and those w. of the w. ridge of the Allegany. Narrow valleys break the continuity of these ridges, and in numerous instanees streams flowing in opposite directions take their rise within a few rods of each other. The principal tributaries of the Genesee are Wigwam, Angeliea, Philips, Vandemark, Dike, Chenunda, and Cryders Creeks on the E., and Fords, Knight, Van Campens, White, Black, Caneadea, and Six Town Creeks on the w. The streams flowing E. from the E. border of the eo. are Canaseraga and Sugar Creeks, Canisteo River, Karr Valley, McHenry Valley, and Whitney Valley Creeks ; and the streams flowing w. from the w. border are Oil, Wolf, Dodges, Deer, and Little Genesee Creeks.
The roeks of the co. belong to the shales and sandstones of the Portage and Chemung groups, --- the former appearing in the deep valleys in the N. part, and the latter covering the tops of the s. hills. At various localities the sandstone furnishes an excellent building material ; and in Rush- ford it is quarried for grindstones. The shales in the s. w. part are highly charged with bitu- minous matter; and many of the springs have a strong bituminous taste and smell. From a spring in Cuba petroleum, or rock oil, issues in considerable quantities. Iron pyrites are found to some extent associated with the shale. Drift deposits are found in some portions of the co., though not in large quantities. The soil upon the uplands is generally a heavy clay, de- rived from the disintegration of the shales, and in most sections largely mixed with undeeom- posed fragments of the roeks. In the valleys the soil is mostly a gravelly loam and alluvium. From the nature of its surface and geologieal formation, the co. is best adapted to grazing; and, although wheat and the spring grains are sueeessfully produced, stock and wool growing and dairying form the principal branches of agricultural pursuit. The manufacture of lumber has formed the leading interest for a long series of years, and facilitated the oeeupation and cultivation of the lands ; but as the primitive pine forests have disappeared the pursuits of the people have become more and more exclusively agricultural. A considerable portion of the s. part of the co. is yet covered with forests, and lumbering is still pursued to some extent.
The county seat is located at the village of Angeliea.1 The courthouse is an old, dilapidated briek building, built in 1819, and now entirely inadequate to the comfortable accommodations of the courts. The jail is a wood structure, erected in 1849. It has no facilities for the proper classification of prisoners, and no means of ventilation.2 The clerk's office is in a separate building, contiguous to the courthouse. The poorhouse is located upon a farm of 180 aeres in Angelica, 2 mi. F. of the courthouse. It is a stone building, affording ample accommodations for
1 By the art erecting the county in 1806, courts were structure. An act was passed, April 2, 1858, providing for the directed to be held at Angelica on the 2d of June, 1807. By an immediate removal of the county seat s. to the line of the act of March 11. Isos. the county seat was permanently located : N. Y. & Erie R. R .; but the exception of the law has been ar- at. Ang lien, and a courthouse and jail were authorized to be rested and restrained by legal proceedings now pending in the State conrts. The first co. officers were Philip Church. First Judge ; Jacob S. Holt, County Clerk ; John Gibson, Sherif; and Luke Godapead, Surrogate. erected. under the direction of Moses Carpenter, John Gibson, and Wm Higgins. The jail was built soon after; but the courts continued to be held in private rooms until 1819, when the present courthouse was erected. The old jail continued to be 2 The jail has an average number of 6 inmates, supported at occupied nntit 1849. when it was superseded by the present . a weekly cost of $2.75 each.
168
169
ALLEGANY COUNTY.
the inmates, but is destitute of means of ventilation. The average number of inmates is 57, supported at a weekly cost of $1.03 each. The farm yields a revenue of $1,000.1
The Genesee Valley Canal extends s. from the N. boundary of the co. along Genesee River to Belfast, thence up the valley of Black Creek to New Hudson, and thence across to the valley of Oil Creek, and down the valley of that stream to the w. bounds of the co. The N. Y. & Erie R. R. extends from Steuben co. up Whitney Valley Creek ; thence aeross to Dyke Creek, and down the valley of that stream to Genesce River; thence down the Genesee to Belvidere ; thenee np Van Campens Creek to Friendship Village; thence across to the valley of Oil Creek, and down that stream to the w. bounds of the co. It passes throngh Almond, Alfred, Andover, Wellsville, Seio, Amity, Friendship, and Cuba. The Buffalo & N. Y. City R. R. extends through Burns and Grove, in the N. E. corner of the co.
Four weekly newspapers are now published in the co.2
The two western tiers of towns in this co. were included in the Ilolland Land Purchase, and the remaining part belonged to the Morris Reserve. John B. Church became the owner of 100,000 aeres of this tract. His son, Judge Philip Church, subsequently beeame the proprictor of one- half, or 50,000 acres, and the pioneer settler of the tract at Angelica, in 1804. A few settlers had previously located at different points in the valley of the Genesee; and the settlement of the eo. may be said to have commenced with the century. The roughness of the surface, and the superior richness of the lands further N., had a tendeney to retard the development of this eo .; and for many years comparatively little progress was made. The construction of the Genesee Valley Canal and of the Erie R. R. gave an impulse to improvement and afforded an opportunity to convey the rich products of the extensive pine forests to a profitable market. Agricultural im- provements have slowly followed the retreat of the forests; and now nearly one-half of the eo. is under improvement to some extent.
ALFRED-was formed from Angelica, March 11, 1808. A part of Angeliea was annexed in 1816. Almond and Independence were taken off in 1821, a part of West Almond in 1833, and a part of Ward in 1856. It lies upon the E. border of the co., a little s. of the eenter. The surface consists of decp, irregular hills separated by narrow valleys. The highest summits are 500 to 800 feet above the streams. Whitney Valley Creck flows to the N. E., and Dyke Creek to the s. The soil upon the hills is a elayey or shaly loam, and in the valleys a gravelly loam. Alfred Center (p. v.) contains a church, the Alfred Academy and University,8 and 177 inhabit- ants ; Bakers Bridge, (Alfred p. o.,) in the N. E. corner, contains a church, flouring mill, and 134 inhabitants. It is a station upon the Erie Rail Road. Tip Top Sum- mit is also a rail road station. The first settlement was made near Alfred Center, in May,
1 In the report of the Senate committee of 1857, this institution is reported as poorly kept. Lunatics were coufined for weeks together without attendance and without having their cells cleaned; and it was a custom of the keeper to flog the iumates with a raw hide.
2 The Angelica Republican was started in Oct. 1820, by Frank- lin Cowdery, and was continued 2 years. In 1827 it was revived as
The Allegany Republican, published by Samuel P. Hull. In 1832 it was changed to
The Angelica Republican and Farmers and Mechanics' Press, issued by B. F. Smiead. During the same year it was again changed to
The Allegany Republican and Internal Improvement Advocate, and published by Peter Cherry. In 1836 it was issued as The Angelica Republican and Allegany Whig. It soon after passed into the hands of Wm. Pitt Angell. who changed it to The Angelica Reporter and Allegany Republican. It soon passed into the hands of Samuel C. Wlison, aud was issued for Several years as
The Angelica Reporter. In 1841 it was published by Horace E. Purdy and Chas. Horton; and in 1844 Mr. Horton be- caine sole proprietor. In 1556 he purchased The Advo- cate and Whig, and published the combined paper is
The Angelica Reporter and Angelica Advo- cate and Whig, under which uamie it is still issued.
The Republican Egis and Allegany Democrat was published at Angelica in 1830.
The Allegany Gazette was issued at Angelica in IS40.
The Allegany Co. Advocate was started at Angelica in Jan. 1842. by Erastus S. Palmer. It was successively issued by Ellroy & Churchill, Peter S Norris, and Win. H. & C. M. Beecher. In 1852 it was united with The Cuba Whig aud issued as
The Advocate and Whig. In 1856 the Beechers sold to Charles llorton, who united the paper with The Reporter.
The Republican Era was started at Angelica in 1844 and issued a short time.
The Republican Era was started at the village of Oramel in 1846 by Ilorace E. Purdy. 1ts publication was con- tinued by different persons until 1857.
The Cuba Advocate was commenced at Cuba, Oct. 29. 1838, by Isaac C. Sheldon, and was continued several years.
The Political Investigator (mo.) was published at Angelica & short time in 1848.
The American Banner was commenced at Cuba in Feb. 1855, by llatch & P'ratt. In July, 1857, the name of the paper was changed to
The Southern Tier, and its publication continued by C. Pratt, M. B. Champlin, editor.
The Almond Herald was commenced at Almond in 1853 by R. Denton, who published it 1 year, when it was suspended. In about 6 months it was resuscitated by Melvin Ilyde Hund Isaac Busby, and appeared under the name of
The Allegany Sentinel. Subsequently it passed into the hands of Pruner & Spencer, by whom the paper was published until 1856.
The Genesee Valley Free Press was commenced at Belfast in Jan. 1853. by A. N. Cole. In March follow- ing, the paper was removed to Wellsville, where the publication is continued by Mr. Cole.
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