USA > New York > Gazetteer of the State of New York: embracing a comprehensive view of the geography, geology, and general history of the State, and a complete history and description of every county, city, town, village, and locality, Part 1 > Part 68
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14,235
3.941
612,687
179.305
791,992
754
699
275
272
150
8
505
Pleasant Valley.
17.4541
2.594
626,970
157.200
784.170
915
938
374
269
362
11
750
Ponghkeepsie ..
15,810}
5,118
1,179,940
333,350
1,513,290
1,549
1,561
502
495
256
9
959
Poughkeepsie City
1.1762
35
2,177,940
1,925,282
4,103,222
5,936
6,827
1,706
2,436
933
11
4.337
Redhook
19,423
2.7.25
1.913,974
409,500
2,323,474
1,895
1,855
604
701
292
7
1,274
Rhinebeck
17,3874
4.379
1,853.905
504,603
2.358,508
1,527
1,538
525
611
335
12
1,097
Stanford
26,067
5.514
1,013.721
237.479
1,251.200
1.107
1,094
403
446
301
15
795
Union Vale.
12,000↓
2.8751
436.572
70,530
507,102
727
736
255
300
204
9
579
Washington.
31,671
4.977
1.134.555
271,500
1.406,055
1.321
1.419
483
510
305
13
8.57
Total
366,359₺
98.1042|21,170.239 7.701.502 28.871.741 29.638 30.997
5.9-4 214 21,446
LIVE STOCK.
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS.
BUSH. OF GRAIN.
DAIRY PRODUCTS.
NAMES OF TOWNS.
Horses.
4:29
1.111
1.592
4,547
1,666!
4,619
63,812
5,109
14.716
15.435
85,055
9.866
105
Beekman ...
317
1.111
796
2.027
1.563
9.597
49.042
3,422
7,530
6.868
56.565
5,497
183
Clinton
658
905
1,359
2.985
3.103
24,747
73.791
3,324
9.715
6.184
122.>44
636
328
Dover.
283
1.283
1,285
1.480
1.276!
2.050
36.077
4.404
9.632
4 451
55.951
3,840
140
East Fishkill
599
1.737
1,681
2,750
2.80G
13,694
75.237
5,770
12.318
6,990
150.087
864
139
Fishkill.
1,059
1.291
1.646
2,738
2,671
19,718
104.357
7,003
6.779
3.227
105.548
200!
Ilyde Park
642
824
1,366
911
2,171
16,535
48,993}
3,867
5.703
11.147
93.550
720;
48
La Grange.
552
899
1,166
3,418
2,113
23.988
73,818₺
4.242
6.129
6.156
89.460
100!
155
Milan.
506
853
873
4.916
2.300
24.405
48,244:
3,049
11,486
7.716
90,916
1,782
5064
Pawling.
337
1,268
1.479
2,689
1.259
3,0613
30,1465
5.210
18,099
7.999
89.460
950.
106
Pine Plains
407
711
678
5.723
2,117
14.914₺
46.6184
2,369
11.005
6.319
39.990
5,188
Pleasant Valley.
476
69K
1,007
2.142
1,896
21,487
65.097
3.7201
6.042
5.938
106,785
Poughkeepsie.
660
607
1,819
1,242
2.329
11,153
59.730}
3.610
4.072
1.157
45.058
Poughkeepsie City
439
48
264
504
592
4.672
354
1.955
330
1.350
Redhook
654
900
962
3.151
2,204
25.302
53.721
5.729
10.742
14.837
67.900
600
149
Rhinebeck
652
SSO.
1.157
2.141
2.155
17.1554
47.8304
5,098:
9.699
13.297
75,005
Stanford
661
1.308
1.6-0|12.116
4.152
25.614
109,180
4,256
14.503
24.895
126.019
8.116
143
Union Vale.
326
602
3.177
1,192
7.5391
45.099₴
3.146;
6,4-1
11.392
57.014
1.757
211
Washington.
717
1.098:
1,870
8,037
3.432
16,430
121.898}
6.660
20.339
30.521
156.553
5.744
122
Total.
10,829 19.542 24.584 |73.687 42.986|| 293.534 1,232.3054 83.8751 205.498 216.59311.681.595! 54.119 3.193
Domestic cloths,
Winter.
Spring.
Tons of Hay.
Bushels of
Potatoes.
Bushels of
Apples.
Pounds
Butter.
Pounds
Cheese.
in Yurda.
Northeast
455
1.002
1.151
7,497
2.077
10,903
74,939
3,475
18.273
31.511
62.825
8,259
Fishkill.
22,528%
3.153
940.209
247,020
1,187,229
904
94S
328
360
235
14
819
Milan
25.672
4.210
2.164,463
1,265,057
3,429,520
4,244
4,520
1,205
1.602
568
9.705 10,081
Working
O.ren and
Calces.
Cows.
Sheep.
Swine.
Amenin
1 The Nine Partners Boarding School was founded at this place in 1796. by the Friends' Yearly Meeting. A farm of 100 acres is attached to it, and it has a cash endowment of $10,000. It is devoted to the education of the children of Friends in indi-
gent circumstances, and for many years it has bad an average attendance of 100 pupils. º An Orthodox and a flicksite Friends at Mechanic, and u M. E. and Prot. E. at Lithgow.
te Districts.
ERIE COUNTY.
THIS county was formed from Niagara, April 2, 1821. It lies upon Lake Erie aud Niagara River, on the w. line of the State, is cen- trally distant 253 mi. from Albany, and contains 1,071 sq. mi. Its surface is level in the N., rolling iu the center, and hilly iu the s. A region perfectly flat, and much of it marshy, lies aloug Tona- wanda Creek, and occupies the greater part of the . tier of towns. This low region is bounded on the s. by a limestone terrace, 20 to 60 ft. high, extending from Black Rock E. through the s. part of Amherst, Clarence, and Newstead. A nearly level regiou, extend- iug s. from the summit of this ridge, embraces the city of Buffalo and the towns of Chicktowaga, Lancaster, and Alden, and terminates in the rolling region which occupies the entire central part of the co. The ridges in the center and s. have a general x. and s. direction, aud rise gradually toward the's., their highest summits attaining an elevation of 200 to 300 ft. above the valleys, 900 to 1,000 ft. above Lake Erie, and I,400 to 1,600 ft. above tide.1 The highlands are divided into several distinct ridges by the valleys of Cazenove and Eighteen Mile Creeks. The slopes of the hills are generally long and gradual; but in some places the banks immediately bordering upon the streams are very steep. The land along the lake in the N. is low and level, but iu the s. it rises in steep banks to a height of 20 to 50 ft. Niagara River, the outlet of Lake Erie, forms a portion of the w. boundary of the eo. Its current flows at the rate of 23 miles per hour. Grand Island, commencing about 5 miles below Buffalo, divides the river into two nearly equal brauches. Squaw, Strawberry, Rattlesnake, Tonawanda, Beaver, and Buckhorn Islands, also in Niagara River, are within the limits of this co. The river is navigable to the head of the rapids, about 2 mi. above Niagara Falls.
Tonawanda Creek2 forms the N. boundary of the co. It flows iu a tortuous course through a low, marshy region. A dam, 4} ft. high at its mouth, furnishes slack water navigation for the Erie Canal for about 10 miles. Its principal branches are Murder and Ellicott-or Eleven Mile- Creeks. Buffalo Creek3 enters the lake at Buffalo City, its estuary forming the harbor. Its principal tributaries are Cayuga Creek, from the N., and Cazenove Creek, ' from the s. The other principal streams are Little Buffalo, Eighteen Mile,5 Big Sister, and Cattarangus Creeks, all flowing into the lake, and the last forming the s. boundary of the co.
The lowest rocks are those of the Onondaga salt group; and these are succeeded by the hydraulie, Onondaga, and corniferous limestones. The central part of the co. is occupied by the Marcellus and Hamilton shales, and the summits of the southeru hills are covered by the rocks of the Portage group. The rocks of the salt group occupy nearly all the low land below the limestone terrace. They are covered so deep with drift and alluvium, however, that they have but little influence upon the surface, and can never be profitably quarried for commercial purposes. Hy- draulic limestone of an excellent quality crops out along the x. base of the limestone terrace, and is extensively quarried. The terrace is composed of Onondaga and corniferous limestone; and along its whole extent are numerous quarries, furnishing an abundance of lime and building stone of excellent quality. Numerous sulphur springs are found near the x. base of the terrace. The shales of the central and southern parts of the co. are generally covered with a thick deposit of drift, and are only visible along the margin of the streams. These rocks faruish an inferior kind of building stoue, but are not otherwise valuable.
The soil in the N. is generally a stiff, clay loam interspersed with beds of marl and muek : further s. it is a clay and gravelly loam resting upon limestone. The southern hills are covered with
1 The following heights have been obtained from the surveys | way" Creek. In an ancient Indian treaty it is called .. Te-ho-se of the proposed Buffalo & Pittsburgh R. R. :-
South Wales, 507 ft. above Lake Erie.
Holland Village, 90 fr. " =
Saulusla ( - unmit), 891 ft. “
Concord : " ).000ft." The bills generally rise to about 200 feet above the grade of the R. R.
To-ron." 4 Named from Theophilus Cazenove, agent for the Holland Land Company.
2 Seneca, Tano'wan-eh, meaning. " at the rapids or ripples," or perhaps more nearly literally, " at his rapids."
5 The Server name is "Ganh grangequanh." literally, " it was the residence of the Gamb-wah people " Leaving off the suffix for the past tense, the name is "Gash-swah-geh." literally, "Gash-ewah" place or residener. The Gaah-gwab Indians, or Eries, who formerly resided in this region, are supposed to be the Neuter Nation spoken of by early French writers and some- times called Cat Indians. The remnant of them now jiving
8 On a map made in 1\04 by Joseph Ellicott. agent of the Helland Land Company, this stream is laid down es " Tosco beyond the Mississippi are called Quawpaws.
279
280
ERIE COUNTY.
drift, consisting of elay and gravel. The soil of the valleys is generally a gravelly loam und alluvium.
The principal pursuits in the N. are grain raising, and in the s. stoek and wool growing and dairying. The hilly regions are much better adapted to pasturage than tillage. The people of Buffalo and Tonawanda are mostly engaged in commerce and manufactures.1
Buffalo is the county scat .? The courthouse, situated on the corner of Clinton and Ellicott Sts , is a substantial brick building, containing the court and jury rooms, the office of the co. clerk, and most of the other co. offices.8 The jail is a small stone building on the same lot. The Erie Co. Penitentiary is located on Fifth St., in Buffalo. The buildings are 5 in number,-the niale and female prisons, the workhouse, the warchouse, and the superintendent's dwelling. Prisoners are received from Allegany, Chautauque, Cattaraugus, Wyoming, Genesee, Orleans, and Niagara eos. The average number in confinement is 130." The Eric Co. Poorhouse is located on a farm of 153 aeres in the N. E. part of Buffalo. There are 2 buildings,-one designed for use as the poorhouse proper, and the other for the accommodation of the insane. The average number of inmates is 300, supported at a weekly cost of $1.00 each.5
The principal works of internal improvement are the Eric Canal, the Rochester & Buffalo, and the Lockport, Niagara Falls and Buffalo branches of the New York Central Rail Road, the Buffalo, New York & Eric. and the Buffalo & Erie Rail Roads,6 all terminating in the city of Buffalo, and the Canandaigua & Niagara Falls brauch of the N. Y. C. R. R., extending through New- stead, Clarence, Amherst, and Tonawanda. A railroad from Buffalo to Pittsburgh is uow in pro- cess of construction. A pier, lighthouse, and breakwater have been built at the mouth of Buf- falo Creek.7
With the exception of the Indian Reservation and the Mile Strip, along Niagara River, this co. was all ineluded within the Holland Purchase.8 The Indian lands, containing 130 sq. mi. and lying upon both sides of Buffalo Creek, at its mouth, were purchased in parcels, at different times ; and the whole territory is now thickly settled. The first settlements were made at Buffalo, about 1794-95, and in other places within a few years after. The generous outlays made by the IIol- land Company in the construction of roads, bridges, mills, &c. led to a rapid occupation of all the best lands in the eo.9 On the morning of the 30th of Dec., 1813, a British force of about 1,000 men crossed over from Canada and captured Black Rock and Buffalo. The American forees then stationed at these places were superior to the British in point of uumbers; but the officers were not qualified for command, and a large share of the militia fled upon the commencement of the action. The village of Buffalo was barned in retaliation of the wanton destruction of Newark, in Canada, by the Americans under Gen. George McClure, (then of Steuben eo., ) a short time before.10 The finishing of the Erie Canal and of the N. Y. Central R. R. tended greatly to develop the resources of the co., and to convert Buffalo, its chief eity, into the greatest commercial place on the upper lakes.
The first newspaper in the eo. was established in 1811.11
I See pages 285.
2 By the act of March 11. 1808, erecting the co. of Niagara, Buffalo was mumned the co. seat, on condition that the Holland Land Company deed to the county not less than half an acre of land for a site for the public buildings, and erect thereon a courthouse and jail. The company complied with these con-
jail. In the mean time the courts were held at the house of Joseph Landon. The courthouse was burned by the British in 1613. Soon after the close of the war, a new one was erected on Washington St .. fronting La Fayette Park. The first officers of Erie co. were Sam'l Wilkeson. First Judge: Jolin G. Camp, Sheriff; James L. Barton, Co. Clerk ; and Roswell Chapin, Sur- route.
3 The present courthouse was built in 1850, at a cost of $18.000. The commissioners under whose supervision it was erected were Albert II. Tracy, Ralph Plumb, and Timothy A. Hopkins.
4 The penitentiary lot contains 5 acres, and is enchoed by a 11 The Buffalo Gasette, the first paper in the county, was com- meneed Oct. 3. 1811, by S. H. & H A. Salisbury. It was removed to Harris Hill in 1813. and back to Buf. falo in the spring of 1814. In April, 1819, 11. A Salis- bury became sole proprietor, and changed the monte to stone wall 14 ft. in height. The male prison is built of stone, and the other buildings of brick. Four-fifths of all the convicts are of foreign birth. They are maintained at an average weekly expense of 65 ets,, and are employed principally in the manu- facture of harness findings. upon contract,-the males at 20 : The Viagara Patriot. On the erection of Erie co. in 1820 it was cents per day, and the females at 15.
t The porhouse was built in 1852. under the supervision of Silas Kingsley, at a cost of $ 31,000. It consists of an octagonal center, 75 ft. in diameter, with 2 wings, each 80 ft. long by 40 0. wide: the whole 3 stories high and built of stone. Of the in- mates in 1857, 71 were humaties and 1} idiots.
& The main lines of the N. Y. Central and the Buffalo. N. Y. & Erie R. Roads extend through Alden, Lancaster, and Chick. towaga: the Lockport & N. F. branch of the N. Y. Central, through Tonawanda; and the B. & State Line R. R., through
West Seneca, Hamburgh, Evans, and Brandt. The Buffalo & Brantford (Canada) R. R. terminates opposite Buffalo.
i See page 284.
8 See page 321.
9 A large share of the later settlers of the co, have been Ger- mans; and this class of people now constitute about one-fifth
ditions, and erected. in 1810, a wooden courthonse aud a stone " of the entire population of the co. The population of several
of the towns in the immediate vicinity of Buffalo is almost exclusively German.
10 The loss at Buffalo was reported at 66 frame, 1 stone, and 2 brick houses, 16 stores and offices, 35 barns, and 15 shops, valued together at $190,000; at Black Rock, 16 frame and 11 log houses, Slørus, and 5 outhouses, valued at $19.000; and at other places 20 frame and 67 log houses, 5 stores, 29 barus. 30 shops, &c., worth $141,000. Total. 334 buildings, worth $350,000. not including the Imildings of the Messrs. Porter .- Albany Argus, April 22, 1814.
The Buffalo Patriot.
changed to It was successively under the editorial charge of Win. A. Carpenter, Harvey Newcomb, and Guy H Salisbury.
The Daily Comomercial Advertiser was issued from the same Ofhre. Jan. 1. 1835. Soon after. Dr. T. M. Foote and B. A. Manchester becaine associated in the management of the two papers ; and in Ang. 1838, the Aurora Stand- and was merged in them, and A. M. Clapp, its pub lisher, became one of the proprietors of the joint con-
281
ERIE COUNTY.
ALDEN-was formed from Clarence, March 27, 1823, and a part of Marilla was taken off in 1853. It lies upon the E. border of the co., N. E. of the center. Its surface in the w. is level, and
cern. In May, 1839, they were united with the Buffalo Journal, and the Weekly was published as
The Patriot and Journal, and the daily as The Commercial Advertiser und Journal, by E. R. Jewett & Co. The following year the daily appeared as
The Buffalo Commercial Advertiser, and under these titles the papers are still published, under the editorial charge of Dr. S. B. Ilunt. Since 1856 a semi- weekly Commercial Advertiser has been issued.
The Niagara Journal was established in July, 1815, by David M. Day ; and in 1820 its nanie was changed to
The Buffalo Journal. In 1834 it passed into the hands of E. J. Roberts, and in 1835 it was suspended.
The Buffalo Whig was established in 1834 by D. M. Day; and in 1835 it was united with the Buffalo Jonrual, and ap- peared as
The Buffalo Whig and Journal. Jan. 1, 1838, M. Cadwallader and Dr. Il. R. Stagg were associated with Day, and in Feb. they issued
The Buffalo Daily Journal. In 1838 the establishment passed into the hands of E. R. Jewett, hy whow the papers were united the following year with the Buffalo Patriot and the Commercial Advertiser.
The Gospel Advocate (Univ.) was begun in 1822 by Rev. Thomas Gross. In 1823 Simeon Bunton, and in 1826 Revs. L. S. Everett, Theophilns Fisk, and M. Tuttle, became pro- prietors. 1u 1828 it was removed to Anburn.
The Black Rock Beacon was published by L. G. Hothuan from 1822 to 1824.
The Buffalo Emporium was issued in 1824 hy J. A. Lazelle and Simeon Francis, and continued about 5 years.
The Black Rock Gazette was begun in 1824 by Bartemus Fergn. son, who disposed of it to S. II. Salisbury in 1825. In
1827 it was removed to Buffalo, and its name changed to The Buffalo and Black Rock Gazette. It was discontinued in 1828. The Black Rock Advocate was begun in Feb. 1826, and was pub- lished 1 year by Dan'l P. Adams.
The Western Advertiser, after an existence of 3 months, was merged in the Buffalo Patriot in the spring of 1828. The Buffalo Republican was commenced in April, 1828, by W.
P. M. Wood. It was successively under the charge of S. II. Salisbury & W. S. Snow, S. H. Salisbury, IL. L. Ball. Chas. Faxon & Jas. Stryker, and Chas. Faxon. In 1835 the Buffalo Bulletin was merged in the Republican, and the Daily Star was bonght by Faxon and continued under its old name. Iloratio Gates and W. L. Crandall Were successively editors. In Dec. 183S the office was burned and the papers were suspended; but the weekly was resumed by Quartus Graves in 1839. Jan. 1, 1842, Henry Burwell, theu proprietor, changed its name to The Democratic Economist ; and in Oct. following Joseph String- man succeeded, and changed it to
The Mercantile Charier and Democratic Economist. In Feb. 1843, it appeared as
The Buffalo Courier and Economist ; and in March as
The Buffalo Courier. July 1, 1846, it was united with The Pilot, and
The Courier and Pilot, d., tri-w., and w., was published by Stringman, Manchester & Brayman. In Dec. it was changed to
The Buffalo Courier, its present title. It has passed successively through the hands of Robt. D. Foy & Co .. Seaver & Foy, Win. A. Scaver. Seaver & Sandford, and to J. II. Sandford, its present publisher.
The Buffalo Bulletin was issued in 1-30, and was published by Horace Steel 4 years, by James Faxon 1 year, and was united with The Republican in 1835.
The Daily Star was commenced in 1834 by Jas. Faxon, and iu 1835 it was united with Tho Republican.
The National Pilot was started in Feb. 1845, by Manchester & Brayman, and was united with The Courier in July, 1846.
The Warning, semi-mo., was published in 1828 by Rev. J. B. Hyde.
The Buffalo Herald, (Presh.,) edited by Rev. Randolph Stone in 1831, only reached its second number.
The Gospel Banner was begun in 1832 by Benj. Clark, and con- tinned 2 years.
The Philanthropist, mo., was started in 1832 by Nathaniel Pot- ter. jr., and continued 1 year.
The Examiner, no., (Unit .. ) was published in 1933.
The Literary Enquirer, semi-mo, commented Jan. 1, 1833, was published 2 years by Wm. Verrinder. The Transcript, d. and w., commenced in Aug. 1835, by Henry Faxon, was continued ouly y months.
The Young Men's Temperance Theold was started in 1835 by A. | The Buffalo Morning Express and Daily De- P. Grosvenor & K. B. Fremb. and continued 1 year.
The Daily Enquirer, The Daily Whig, and The Loro Poco were campaign papers issued in 1-35.
The Buffalo Spectator (Presb ) was started in 1836 by J. & W. Butler, and continued 2 years.
The Bethel Magazine, mo, was commenced by the Bethel Society in 1836. It was afterward changed to
The Bethel Flug, and in 1846 united with the Sailors' Magazine, of New York.
The Buffalonian, w. at first and d. afterward, was published abont a year; and in 1838 it was united with
The Mercury. This paper was continued until 1840 by T. L. Nichols and R. Simpson successively.
Der Weltbuerger was started in 1837 by Geo. Zalan, and was published successively by him, by his administrators, and by Brunck & Dumidion. In 1853 it was united with The Buffalo Democrat, and took the name of
The Buffalo Democrat aud Weltbuerger, d. and w., by which title it is now published by Bronck, Ileld & Co.
The Buffalo Democrat (German) was started in 1850 by Chas. de Haas; and in 1853 it was united with The Weltbuerger. The Sun, d. and w., was issued in the winter of 1838, and was published I year by Abraham Densmore and E. 11. Eastabrook successively.
The Moon, a penuy daily, was issued during the summer of 1839. Bristol's Gazette and Herald of Health, wo., was commenced in 1839 by C. C. Bristol. The next year it appeared as Bristol's Gazette, und was discontinued In 1842.
The Friend of Youth, mo., was started in 1839 hy Rev. A. T. Ilopkins, and was published 1 year.
The Buffalo Sentinel, d. and w., was published during the sum- mer of 1839 by Thomas Newell.
The Morning Tattler, d., was started in 1840 by Langdon, Fonchette & Shaeffer. Its name was changed to
The Morning Times, hy J. S. Walker, and it was discontinned soon after.
Der Volks Schild was published by F. II. Singer during the summer of 1840.
The Phalanx, d. and w., was published 6 weeks in 1840 by C. D. Ferris.
The Buffalo Garland was published in 1840 hy Geo. W. Bungay. Honest Industry was published in 1840 by Dr. Daniel Lee.
The Volksfreund (German) was published iu 1840 by Adolphus Meyer.
The Western Presbyterian was issued in March, 1841, by Rev. J. C. Lord, and continued 1 year.
The Western Literary Messenger, semi-mo., was started in July, 1841, by J. S. Chadbourne. C. D. Ferris, Jesse Clemneut, Chas. Faxou, and E. R. Jewett, at different times, were interested in its publication. From 1842 it was pub- lished weekly until 1857. when it was discontinned.
Bannister's Life in Buffalo was published a few weeks iu 1841 by N. IL. Bannister.
The Sublime Patriot, semi-mo., was published during the winter of 1641-42 by T. J. Sontherland. The Buffalo American was started in 1842 by T. Foster & C. F. Butler, and continued 1 year.
The Old School Jeffersonmen and The Daily Castle were pub- lished from 1842 to '43 by Charles Faxon.
The Temperance Standard was published in 1842 by II. H. salisbury & A. M. Clapp.
The School Reader was published about 3 months in 1842 by A. W. Wilgus.
Prescott's Telegraph was published in 1842 by W. Prescott.
The Buffalo Gazette, d. and w., was started iu 1843 by 11. A. Salisbury, B. A. Manchester & J. O. Brayman, aud con- tinned 3 years.
The Freimüthigr (German) was started Jan. 1843, hy Alexander Krause & Adolphus Meyer, and continued 2 years.
The Telegraph, da. and w .. (German,) was started in Nov. 1845, by II. B. Miller. Louis Tickers, Adolphins Hilman. and C. Essellen have successively had the edi- torial charge. It is now published by P. II. Bender, and rlited by C. Esselleu.
The Buffalo Medical Journal and Monthly Review of Medical and Surgical Sci- ence was started in June. 1845, by Dr. Austin Flint. lit 1853 Dr. S. B. Hunt became associated in its manago- ment, and in 1855 its sole proprietor. In 1858 it passed into the hands of Dr. Anstin Flint, jr., its present pro- prietor.
The Western Cataract was started in 1845 by L. P. Judson. Jas. Dubois, W. B. Williams, and Chauncey Hulburt were successively editors. In Jan. 1847, it was changed to
The Western Temperance Standard, and was discontinued the following year.
The Impetus was started in 1845 by K. W. Spaulding, and con- tinned 6 months.
The Morning Express was started Jan. 14. 1846, by A. M. Clapp & Co. In 1555 The Daily Democracy was nuited with The Express, and it appeared as
mocracy, by which name it is now published. A weekly and tri-weekly edition are also issued.
The Demorrary. d. and w .. was started in May, 1554, by G. W. Haskins. The Rough Notes was merged in The Demo- cracy som after: and in Aug. 1855, The Democracy was united with The Express.
The Rough Notes, d., was started in March, 1952, by Geo. Reesa
282
ERIE COUNTY.
in the E. gently undulating. It is watered by the head waters of Cayuga and Eleven Mile Creeks. The soil is a deep, fertile, sandy, gravelly, aud elayey loam. Aldem, (p. v., ) a station on the B. & N. Y. R. R., contains 2 churches and has a pop. of 285; Alden Center (p. v.) contains I ehureli and 20 houses; and Mill Grove, (p. v.,) in the N. w. corner, 18 houses. Alden (Crittenden p. o.) and Wende are stations on the N. Y. C. R. R. Settlement was commenced iu the spring of 1810, by Moses Fenno.1 Rev. John Spencer conducted the first religious services, in 1811. The first church ( Presb.) was organized in 1813-14. There are now 6 churches iu town.2
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