USA > New York > Gazetteer of the State of New York: embracing a comprehensive view of the geography, geology, and general history of the State, and a complete history and description of every county, city, town, village, and locality, Part 1 > Part 80
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1 Among the other first settlers were - - Hoskins, in 1808: | cloaks and horse blankets, and attempted to get some rest, but had a disturbed night of it. Panthers came near us, often giv- ing terrific screams. The frightened horses snorted and stamped npon the rocks. Taking an early start in the morning, we soon came to a settler's house, and were informed that we had stopped in a common resort of the panther. My husband built a shanty, which was about 10 feet square, flat roofed, covered with split ush shingles; the floor was innde of the halves of aplit basswood; no chimney. A blanket answered the purpose of a door for a while. until my husband got time to make a door of split plank. We needed no window : the light came in where the smoke went out. For chairs we had benches, made by splitting logs and set- ting the sections upon legs. A bedstead was made by boring holes in the side of the shanty, inserting pieces of timber which rested upon two upright posts in front, a side piece completing the structure, peeled basswood bark answering the place of a cord. We of course had brought no hed with us on horseback ; so one had to be procureil. We bought a cotton bag of Mr. Bris- bane, und. stutling it with cat-tail, it was far better than no bed. The second year we were in, I had an attack of the fever and fague, which confined me for nearly a year. That year my hus- band cleared four acres, besides taking care of me and doing the 5 Cong., Bap., F. W. Bap., and M. E. cooking. It was no uncommon thing, in the first years of settle-
2 The census reports 4 churches in town; 2 M. E., and 1 each Presh and F. W. Bap.
3 The Darien Seminary was established in 1850, by Robert Blennerhassett.
4 Isaac Chaddock, from Vt., settled near Darien City in 1804 The first child born was Harriet Carter, in 1805. Stephen Parker kept the first inn, in 1808. at Darien City : and Stephen King the first store, in 1515, at Darien Center. The first saw- mill was erected by Amos Humphrey, in 1809, on Eleven Mile Creek.
6 Named from its location on the E. transit meridian of the ! ment, for women in childbirth to be deprived of the aid of a Holland Land Company's survey.
physician; and often the attendance of their own sex had to be dispensed with. Mr. Young died in 1836." Turner's Pim. Ilist. 8 The census reports 5 churches iu town ; 1 each Bap., Cong., M. E .. Prot. M., and Friends.
9 Named in honor of Herman Le Roy, one of the original pur- chasers of the " Triangle Tract."
7 Sanı'l Clark, from Mass., and his son Sam'l, settled in 1802, and Samuel Hall, from Seneea co., and John Young, came soon after. The first birth was that of Betsey White, in 1802; the first death, that of David Kingsley, in 1804. Mason Turnet taught the first school, near the center, in 1811; Stephen Ilar- mon kept the first inn. in 1815; and Sam'l Lane the first store,
10 When the water is low, it disappears in the bed of the in Iste, at line fill. Horace Gibbs erected the first sawmill, stream about 2 miles above the falls, and finds its way to the on a branch of Spring Creek, in the g. part of the town, in Ist0; ! lower channel through a subterranean passage.
s'ut Comfort Smith the first gristmill, on the same stream. in 1415. The widow of John Young gives the following account of -ne of th . trials of pioneer life :-. My husband having the year before been out and purchased his land upon the Holland Pur- 11 The Ingham University, late Ingham Collegiate Institute, was incorp. 1857. The institution was first established at Attica, in 1835, by Miss Marietta Inghato, and a younger sister, Emily 1. Ingham, (now Mrs. Phineas Stanton, ) from Mass, In 1837 it chase, in the fall of 1804 we started from our home in Virgima, I was removed to Le Roy, and was established as the " Le Roy Female Seminary" by the founders, aided and supported by Messrs. Saml. Comstock, Jonathan P. Darling, Seth M. Gates, Albert Brewster, A. S. Upham. Enos Bacheller, A. P. Hlascall,
on horseback. for our new location. We came through Mary- land. crossing the Susquehanna at Milton, thence via Tioga Point and the then nsuat route. In crossing the Alleghany Mt4. night came upon us: the horses became frightened by wild | Lee Comstock, Israel Rathbone, Richard Hollister. and Wm. S. beasts, and refused to proceed. We wrapped ourselves ju our
Bradley. It was chartered in 1841; and in 1855 the whole
327
GENESEE COUNTY.
ments. Pop. 2081. Fort Hill is a hamlet. The first settlement was made in 1797, by Charles Wilbur, near Le Roy Village.2 The first religious services (Prot. E.) were held at the village by the Rev. Davenport Phelps, in 1802.3
OAKFIELD --- was formed from Elba, April 11, 1842. It lies on the N. border of the eo., w. of the center. The surface is level or gently undulating. Oak Orchard Creek, the principal stream, flows w. through the N. part of the town. A marsh, forming a portion of the Tonawanda swamp, extends along its course. The soil is a sandy and gravelly loam underlaid by elay. Brine springs, from which salt was formerly manufactured, are found near the center of the town. Caryville5 (Oakfield p. o.) was incorp. in July, 1858. It contains an academy6 and 2 churches. Pop. 500. Oakfield and Mechanicsville are hamlets. Most of the town was an Indian Reservation, and the lands were not sold to the whites until subsequent to 1832. The first settlers were Erastus Walcott, Gideon Dunham, and Christopher Kenyon, who came in 1801.7 One mi. w. of Caryville are the remains of an ancient fortification known as the " Old Fort," consisting of a ditch and breastworks, including about 10 acres of ground. There are 2 churches in town ; Presb. and M. E.
PAVILION-was formed from Covington, (Wyoming eo.,) May 19, 1841. Portions were annexed from Le Roy and Stafford, March 22, 1842. It is the s. E. corner town of the co. The surface is hilly in the s. and undulating in the N. Oatka Creek, the principal stream, flows N. a little w. of the center of the town. The soil is a fertile, gravelly loam underlaid by elay. Fruits are extensively cultivated. Pavilion (p. v.) is situated on Oatka Creek, near the s. border of the town. Pop. 216. Pavilion Center, (p. v., ) formerly " South Le Roy," contains a church and 20 houses. Union Corners is a hamlet. The first settlement was made in 1809, by Peter Crosman.8 The first church edifice (Univ.) was erected at the village of Pavilion, in 1832.º
PEMBROKE-was formed from Batavia, June 8, 1812. A part of Alabama was taken off in 1826, and Darien in 1832. It is the central town upon the w. border of the eo. Its surface is level or gently undulating. Tonawanda Creek flows through the N. E. corner, and Murder Creek through the s. and s. w. parts. The soil is a sandy and gravelly loam intermixed with clay. The Tonawanda Indian Reservation occupies a portion of the N. part of the town. East Pem- broke, (p.v.,) on the line of Batavia, contains an academy, 10 2 churches, and 35 dwellings, Richville,11 (Pembroke p. o.,) 1 church and 40 dwellings, Longs Corners, ( Corfu p. o., ) in the s. part of the town, 2 churches and 45 dwellings, and Mogadore, (North Pembroke p. o., ) 20 dwellings. Prospect Mill is a hamlet. The first settlement was made in the town in 1804, by David Goss, from Mass.12 The first church (Cong.) was formed by Rev. Joshua Speneer, first minister, in 1810, at Longs Corners.13
STAFFORD-was formed from Batavia and Le Roy, March 24, 1820. A part of Pavilion was taken off in 1842. It is an interior town, lying E. of the center of the co. Its surface is undu- lating, with a general slight slope to the N. Black Creek flows N. through the center of the town, and Bigelow Creek rises in the w. and flows in the same direction. The soil is a productive, sandy
establishment. costing over $20,000, was donated by its founders to the Synod of Genesee, upon the conditions that a full colle- giate course should be established, and a permanent fund raised for its support. The gift was accepted by the Synod, and the present name bestowed.
1 On the brow of the hill at this place are the ruins of an old fort .- Smithsmian Contributions, vol. II., art. 6, p. 49.
2 Capt. Jolin Ganson, and his 2 sons John and James, settled near Le Roy Village in 1798, and Gideon Fordham, Alexander McPherson, and Hines Chamberlin in 1800-01. The first child horn was Neoma Wilbur, in 1799; and the first after the town was named Le Roy was Wm. Le Roy Annin, in 1814. Geo. A. Tiffany kept the first store, in 1806; and the Holland Land Co. built the first mill. in 1804.
3 The census reports 6 churches in town; 1 each Prot. E., Presh., Cong .. Bap., MI. E., and R. C.
4 Named from the fact that the lands of the town were mostly " Oak Openings."
6 Named from Col. Alfred Cary, an early settler and prominent | Samuel Carr settled in the town in 1808, und Joseph Lester (from citizen.
6 The Cary Collegiate Institute was founded in 1840, mainly by the influence and means of Col. Alfred Cary, who died in this town Sept. 17. 1858, aged 79. The building (which is of stone) and apparatus cost $15,000. The institution has accom- [ in 1809; John Ball the first store, at the same place. in IN12 : modations For 200 students. Besides large contributions to its ! and Samuel Carr erected the first gristmill and sawmill, iu establishment, Col. Cary has endowed the institution with: 1808-09. $20,000. It is now under charge of the Prot. E. Church.
7 The first store was kept in 1533, by Col. Cary, at Caryville ; and the tiret iun by Gideon Dunham, at Dunhams Corners, in
| 1805. The first saw and grist inill were erected by Christopher Kenyon, in 1811.
8 Among the other first settlers were James McWithey, Solo- mon Terrill, Reuben Burnham, and Joshua Shumway, in 1810; Sylvanus Young, Elijah Phelps, Amasa Allen, and several bro- thers of the name of Burgess, in 1811; and Isaac Storm, iu 1812, most of whom located in the E, part of the town. The first death was that of a child of Reuben Burnham, in 1812. Laura Terrill (from Vt.) tanght the first school, in 1813; Seth Smith kept the first inn, in 1815; and llorace Bates the first store, in 1817, at the village of Pavilion. The first mill was erected by Bial La- throp, on Oatka Creek, in 1816.
9 The census reports 7 churches in town; 3 M. E., and 1 each Presh., Bap., Union, and Univ.
10 The Rural Academy was incorp. by the regents in 1856 Average number of students about 100.
11 Named from Charles B. Rich, a prominent man in town.
12 John Long, Dr. David Long, (from Washington co .. ) atut
Conn.) in 1809. The first child born was Jonathan Hastings. jr., in 1810: and the first marriage, that of Ansell Hastings and Polly Long, in 1812. Anna Horton taught the first school. at Corfu. in 1811; Sammel Carr kept the first inn, at W. Pembroke,
13 The census reports 6 churches in town : 2 Bap., and 1 each Presb., M. E., Prot. M., and Christian.
328
GENESEE COUNTY.
loam intermixed with clay. Stafford (p. v.) lics on Black Creck, near the center of the town. It is a station on the C. & N. F. branch of the N. Y. C. R. R., and contains 3 churches, a private seminary, and a pop. of 350. Morganville1 (p. v.) contains 2 churches, 2 sawmills, a flour- ing mill, a brown carthen ware factory, and 200 inhabitants. A fall in Black Creek at this place is 30 ft. perpendicular and 30 ft. in rapids, affording a fine water power.2 Roanoke,8 (p. v.,) formerly "Orangeburgh," contains a church, several mills, and 20 dwellings. The settle- ment was commenced in 1801, by Col. Wm. Rumscy and Gen. Worthy Lovel Churchill, (from Vt.,) who located on the Buffalo Road, w. of Stafford." The first religious services were held at the house of Col. Rumsey, by Rev. Mr. Green. The first church (Bap.) was formed by Rev. Amos Lampson, in 1815.5
Acres of Land, Valuation, Population, Dwellings, Familics, Frccholders, Schools, Live Stock, Agricultural Products, and Domestic Manufacturcs, of Gencsee County.
ACRES OF LAND.
VALUATION OP 1858.
POPULATION.
SCHOOLS.
NAMES OF TOWNS.
Improved.
Unimproved.
Real Estate.
Personal
Property.
Total.
Males.
Females.'
No. of Ditellings.
No. of Families.
Frecholders.
Districts.
Children
taught.
Alabama.
18,345₺
10,1944
805,535
43,350
848,885 836,020
1,159
1,035 887
416
436
315
14
903
Alexander
17,234
4.539
769,370
66,650
911
351
378
268
14
585
Batavia
20,803₴
5.320₺
2,371,128
723,600
3,094,728
2,653
2,651
924
990
723
16
1.705
Bergen.
12.504
4,126
684,266
40,410
724,676
905
895
366
363
303
638
Bethany
18,118
4,882}
517,316
48,338
565,654
925
954
356
382
327
11
604
Byron ..
15,409
4,162
775,776
151,835
927,611
843
798
313
329
272
562
Darien
23,527
6,907
696,870
71,282
768.152
1,112
1,064
418
435
362
16
822
Elba
15,614
6.535
678,131
112,130
790,261
959
910
375
384
251
616
Le Roy
20,427
5,872
1,266,937
392.770
1,659,707
2,117
2,098
716
532
511
13
1,363
Oakfield
9.208
3.4761
398,916
36,600
435,516
817
693
286
279
178
S
589
Pavilion
16,9804
4,3224
606,308
81.400
687,708
915
843
323
333
280
10
536
Pembroke.
15,1874
12.2974
814.001
38.600
852.601
1,432
1,412
549
566
452
14
977
Stafford
15.648
3,098
773,125
151,099
924,224
1.073
982
360
385
186
9
744
Total.
219,012:
75,732
11,157,679
1,958,064
13,115,743 15,821 15,222
5,753
5,792
4.428 152
10,644
Domestic Clotha
Alabama.
1,049
1.288
927
8,844
2.209
76,574
91,094
1.821
12,892
10,355
74.517
12.248
992
Alexander
700
1.279
781
11.530
991
39,795
65.907
4.859
11.351
33,644
74,925
12.885
511
Batavia ..
1,229
1.340
1.240
7,802
2,198
85.868
87.350
3.6842
18,350
18,436
88,348
4.825
223
Bergen ..
683
832
589
4.667
1,312
43,805
49,366
2,106
7,052
15,872
59,907
4.686
295+
Betliany.
803
1,122
832
9,304
1,277
48,063
54,201₺
4,406
12,991
41,912
77,271
16,179
20
Byron.
970
1,314
746
5,429
1,752
57,538
2.309
8,440
12,366|
62,820
7.345
Elba.
988
979
739
4,618
1,789;
63,564
76,616
2,690
11,567
29,041
71.340
1,325
Le Roy
1,246
1,155
970
7,714
1,972
112,421
66,2581
3.2664
13,142
26,180
89,247
6,980|
159
Oakfield
461
545
329
3,007
982
35,175
47.643
1,355
4,834
9,818
18,574
1.293
73
Pavilion
805
1,205
842
11,221
1,113
55,096
57,782}
3.668
10,448
32,896
80.087
15,140
5981
Pembroke.
781
1,024
888
6,594
1,175
33.073
62,103
3.423
25,634
17.585
93,497
8.43S
401}
Stafford
702
855
563
4,932
1,487
89.566
44,848
1.399
12.969
13,158
40,480
3,501
33
Total
11.395 14,244 10,541 100,391 19,273 761,590
840,165
41,898₴
167,274
296,121
919,130 105,873 4,645}
1 Named from the wife of Wm. Morgan, of masonic notoriety.
2 Two caves are found in the w. bank of the creek a few rods below the falls.
3 Named from the residence of John Randolph by Major Jas. Ganson.
4 Peter Stage (from Onondaga co.) settled in 1802. Benj. Gan- son and John Annis were the first settlers in the E. part of the town. Gen. W. L. Churchill served with credit in the War of 1912, and subsequently as sheriff of Genesee co. from 1820 to 1825. The first birth was that of a child of W. L. Churchill, March 9, 1803; and the first death, that of the wife of W. L. | Prot. E., Cong., Bap., Christian, and Univ.
Churchill, at about the same time. The first school was taught by Esther Sprout, iu 1806. Frederick Walthers kept the first inn, at Stafford Village, in 1799; and this was one of the first three taverns kept on the Ilolland Purchase. The village was then known as the " Transit Store House," from its being the principal supply station for the surveying company while running the "Transit Line." The first sawmill was built on Bigelow Creek. in 1810, by Amos Stow; and the first gristmill, on the saine stream, in 1811, by Seymour Ensign.
5 The census reports 7 churches in town; 2 M E., and 1 each
Bushels of
Potatoes.
Bushels of
Apples.
Pounds
Butter.
Pounds
Cheese.
ofin yards.
Darien
978
1.306
1,095
14,729
1,016
21,052
66,597 70.3981
6,411}
17,604
34,858|
88,117
11.528
700
Horses.
Working
Oren and
Calves.
Cuios.
Sheep.
Stoine.
Winter.
Spring.
Tons of Hay.
DAIRY PRODUCTS.
NAMES OF TOWNS.
LIVE STOCK.
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS.
BUSH. OP GRAIN.
307
332
No. of
GREENE COUNTY.
THIS county was formed from Albany and Ulster, March 25, 1800, and named in honor of Gen. Nathaniel Greene, of the Revolution. Parts were annexed to Ulster co. May 26, 1812. It lies upon the w. bank of Hudson River, centrally distant 32 mi. from Albany, and contains 686 sq. mi. Its surface is very broken and mountainous. SEAL The main range of the Catskill Mts. commences 8 to 10 mi. w. of the Hudson and extends along the s. border of the co. to Delaware co. These mountains are 3000 to 3800 feet above tide.1 Their summits are broad, wild, and rocky, and their declivities stcep and often pre- cipitous. A branch from the main ridge extends in a N. w. direction through the co., separating the towns of Durham and Cairo from Windham and Hunter and dividing the co. into two nearly equal parts. This ridge is 2500 to 3000 feet above tide. It has a steep and wall-like front on the E., and on the w. it sends off numerous spurs, which extend to the valley of Schoharie Creek. The whole intermediate territory consists of high, rocky ridges separated by narrow valleys. The declivities arc generally steep on the N., but more gradual on the s.2 Another branch from the main ridge extends northward through the extreme w. part of the co., between the towns of HIalcott and Lexington, and forms the series of highlands that rise upon the w. bank of Schoharie Creek. This range forms the watershed between Schoharie Creek and Delaware River. The E. half of the co. is hilly and broken. An irregular line of bluffs extends along the Hudson, with an average elevation of about 100 ft. Parallel to these bluffs, and 2 to 4 mi. further w., is a range of hills 500 to 700 ft. above the river. These highlands are known as the Potick Hills in the town of Athens. Between this ridge and the E. foot of the Catskills the surface is moderately hilly, gradually sloping toward Catskill Creek.
The principal streams of the co. are Hudson River, forming its E. border, Schoharie Creek and its tributaries, draining the w. slope of the mountains, and Catskill Creek3 and its principal tributary the Kaaterskil, draining the E. slope. Small branches of these streams flow through narrow, rocky ravines, which break entirely through the mountains and form passes locally known as " cloves." The principal of these cloves are the Kaaters Kil, opening westward from the Hudson into the valley of Schoharie Creek, and the Bushkil Clove, Stoney Clove, Mink Hollow, and Platte- kil Hollow, opening southward from Schoharie Creek into the valleys of Ulster co. In many places these ravines are bordered by naked cliffs, nearly perpendicular, and 1000 to 1700 ft. above the streams. The small streams that drain the w. slope of the range in IIalcott form branches of the Delaware. Schoharie Creek rises in the town of IIunter, within 12 ini. of the Hudson, flows w. and N., and forms a branch of the Mohawk. The streams are mostly rapid, and are subject to sudden and violent freshets. The E. slope of the mountain and the outcropping strata of the Catskill and Kaaterskil Creeks present to the geologist one of the most interesting and compre- hensive fields of investigation to be found on the continent. Within the distance of 12 mi. from the village of Catskill to the Mountain House inay be seen nearly all the strata composing the New York system. The gray grits and conglomerates forming the floor of the coal incasures are found 110 ft. deep at the summit of the Pine Orchard. The depth of the whole series, within the 12 mi. referred to, is scarcely less than 4000 feet. Few or no metallic veins or valuable minerals, except building and flagging stone, are found in the co.
The soil on the w. slopes of the Catskill is chiefly a reddish, gravelly or shaly loam extensively underlaid by hardpan. The surface is stony, except upon the river bottoms, where the soil is fertile and productive. North and E. of the mountains the soil is greatly diversified by sections of gravelly, shaly, clayey, and sandy loams; bnt a stiff clay predominates. Where properly culti- vated, it is moderately productive. The whole region is best adapted to grazing; and the principal agricultural exports are butter, cheese, and pressed hay. Oats, barley, and potatoes arc extensively cultivated, but, like most of the other eastern course, the grain grown is insufficient for the consump-
1 High Peak has an elevation of 3804 feet above tide, Round Top 3718 feet, and Pine Orchard 3000 feet. The Catskill Moun- tain House is situated upon the last named mountain.
2 The N. sides of these spurs are generally rocky and bare, and the s. sides covered with vast deposits of drift, indicating that a great current of water from the N. once swept over them. Nearly
all the valuable land in this section lies upon the N. side of the valley.
8 Named by the Dutch from wild cats found in this vicinity. Kaaters Kil has a similar siguification, but is limited to the male animals.
329
330
GREENE COUNTY.
tion of the population. The principal manufactured products are briek, leather, and paper. Brick are extensively made on the banks of the Hudson, in Catskill, Athens, and Coxsackic, for the New York market. The co. has a eousiderable interest in the eommeree of the Hudson, but less, per- haps, than it had many years ago. No eo. has been more seriously damaged in its eominereial and manufacturing prospects by the publie works of the State than Greene. Before the Erie Canal was completed, Catskill, the eo. seat, commanded the trade of the adjacent eos. w., and of the s. tier through to Lake Erie, and some portions of Northern Penn. It was a large wheat market; and at the falls of Catskill Creek, 3 mi. w. of the village, were the most extensive flouring mills in the State.1 The eanals and railroads have limited the commercial transactions of the co. strictly to home trade. A change scareely less marked and important has taken place in the industrial pursuits of the mountain towns. About 1817, upon the discovery of improved methods of tanning leather, tanners rushed into the Catskill Mts., purchased large tracts of mountain lands covered with hemloek timber, and erected extensive tanneries. The valleys of Schoharie Creek, Batavia, and West Kils soon teemed with a numerous, active laboring population, and the solitude of the deep mountain glens was made vocal by the hum of industry, the buzz of the waterwhcel, and the rattling of machinery. Villages of considerable magnitude, with churches, sehools, stores, and taverns, rose up in the wilderness as if by magic. Thirty years ago Grecne eo. made more leather than all the State beside. The supply of bark in this region was soon exhausted, and the pro- prietors gradually abandoned their establishments and followed the mountain chain s., erecting new factories in Ulster and Sullivan cos .; and their sueeessors are now pursuing the hemlock into the heart of the Alleganies. The result of all this was to facilitate the occupation of the lands in the mountain towns, and in many cases to carry cultivation to the summits of the most lofty ranges, thereby opening one of the finest dairy and wool growing regions in the State.
The county seat is located at Catskill, on the Hudson.2 The first courthouse was a wood building, erected under act of May 26, 1812.3 Some years sinee, this building was burned, and a new brick edifiee was soon after erected in its place. It contains the court and jury rooms, and district attorney and co. clerk's offices. A stone jail was erected in 1804, and a fireproof clerk's office in 1812. The co. poorhouse is located on a farm of 130 acres in Cairo, 10 mi. w. of Catskill. The farm yields a revenue of $900. It has on an average 130 inmates, supported at a weekly expense of $ .75 each. A school is taught in the house most of the year. The condition and adaptation of the building, and the management of the inmates, are not thought ereditable to the eo. authorities.
Six weekly newspapers are published in the co.‘
More than two centuries have elapsed since the settlements in the valley of the Hudson com- menced at various points between New York and Albany. It was 150 years later wheu a few,
1 Of this place Spafford's Gazetteer (ed. of 1813) says, "Cats- | The Catskill Recorder.
kill has considerable trade already, and must probably expe- rience a rapid growth as the market town of an extensive back country. At some placo in this vicinity, and on the w. bank of the river, future ages will probably find the third, if not the second, city on the Hudson, in wealth, population, and com- mercial importance."
9 Ira Day, Isaac Dubois, Orin Day, Joseph Klein, Ezra Ilaw- ley, and Lyman Hall. having executed to the supervisors a bond, under a penalty of $16,000. to procure a lot and build a court- house, an act was passed May 26, 1812, allowing the judges to accept the premises when completed. Courts were previously held at the academy, and the prisoners confined in Albany co. jail. 8 The first co. officers were Leonard Bronk, First Judge ; Eben- ezer Foot, District Attorney : James Bill, Co. Clerk ; George IIale, Sheriff; Jolin II. Cuyler, Surrogate.
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