USA > Pennsylvania > A gazetteer of the state of Pennsylvania : a part first, contains a general description of the state, its situation and extent, general geological construction, canals, and rail-roads, bridges, revenue, expenditures, public debt, &c. &c. ; part second, embraces ample descriptions of its counties, towns, cities, villages, mountains, lakes, rivers, creeks, &c. alphabetically arranged > Part 12
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A survey has been made of the valley of the Monongahela river, with a view to a navigation connected with the Ohio and Chesapeake canal, and the river has been reported as admi- rably adapted to a slack water naviga- tion, by means of dams and loeks, but unfitted for a canal. (See Mononga- hela.) It is probable that at no dis- tant day, the former mode of improve- ment will be adopted.
A mineral spring has lately been discovered in St. Clair t-ship, west of the Monongahela river, four miles
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S. W. from Pittsburg, to which the name of the Pittsburg mineral spring has been given. It issues from the fissures of a rock on the side of a small hill, and discharges about a gallon of water per minute, which is conveyed by a tunnel into a reservoir, from which it is pumped to supply a bath house. The temperature of the spring is nearly the same at all seasons. The specific gravity of the water, when compared with distilled water, is ás 1002 to 1000. It contains muriate of soda 2 parts, muriate of magnesia 2, oxide of iron 1, sulphate of lime }; carbonic acid gas in one quart, 18 inches. And it is recommended by Dr. Mead as beneficial in all cases where chalybeates are given.
A bed of marble, of the species call- ed birds eye, has been discovered a- bout six miles from the city and one and a half mile from the canal. It cuts smoothly, takes a fine polish, and is well adapted for ornamental purposes.
A turnpike road from Blairsville unites with another from Greensburg, in Wilkins' town ship, and proceeds thence to Pittsburg. Two turnpike roads run west from the city, one for a few miles and the other to the state line. A turnpike road also leaves the city and runs north by Woodville to Butler.
There are two very fine bridges at Pittsburg. One across the Allegheny and the other over the Monongahela r. The first is 1122 feet long by 38 feet wide, and 38 feet above the level of the water, consisting of six arches resting on piers of dressed stone and protected by a roof. It was erected by an incorporated company in 1819, at the cost of $95,249, of which the State subscribed 40,000. The second is 1500 feet long and 37 wide, and has 8 arches resting on stone piers- roofed-finished in 1818, by an incor- porated company at an expense of $102,450, to which the State also sub- scribed $40,000. The first connects the borough of Allegheny and the second the borough of Birmingham with the city.
The principal towns are Pittsburg, situated at the head of the Ohio r. at the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rs. lat. 40° 27' N. Ion. 3° 2' W. from W. C., Bayardstown, Alleghenytown, and Birmingham, which are suburbs of the city, Perrys- ville, Lawrenceville, Manchester, Middleton, Jefferiestown, Noblesbo- rough, Elizabethtown, Mckeesport, Perritsport, Howardsville, Wilkins- burg and East Liberty. (See these titles.)
The Western University is in Pitts- burg. In this institution the Pittsburg Academy has been merged. An ex- tensive Presbyterian Theological Sem- inary has been established at Alle- ghenytown, and a celebrated board- ing school, stands on Braddock's fatal field, a few miles south of the city. Schools for the rudiments of an Eng- lish education, are in sufficient num- ber for the wants of the people scat- tered over the county.
Religion is holden in great reve- rence by the inhabitants of the county, and duc provision made by private sub- scription for the maintenance of the clergymen of the several denomina- tions. Two thirds of the inhabitants are Presbyterians, after whom the Methodists and Baptists are the most numerous.
The exports of the county are the usual agricultural products of the coun- try, wheat, rye, corn, oats, whiskey, and the manufactures of Pittsburg, con- sisting of the various fabrications of iron, glass, delft-ware, cotton and wool, and last, though not least, of steam- boats, and steam engines. (See Pitts- burg.)
There are two banks in the county located at Pittsburg, viz : The bank of Pittsburg, and the branch of the bank of the U. S. There are in this city several insurance agencies from the eastern cities.
There are 8 periodical journals pub- lished in Pittsburg, viz: The Pittsburg Gazette, semi-weekly, the Pittsburg Statesman, Mercury, Allegheny Dem- ocrat, The Manufacturer, The Pitts-
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burg Recorder, (religious,) Sylvester's Journal and the Antimasonic Times.
The county paid to the state treas- ury the following sums in 1831.
Dividend on Stock in the Alle-
gheny Bridge Company 3,200
Dividend on Stock in the Monon- gahela Bridge Company 2,400
Dividend on Stock in the Pitts-
burgh and Steubenville Turn- pike 360
Tax on Bank Dividends-Bank of Pittsburgh 2,211
Tax on Offices
55 24
Tax on Writs 1,054 53
Tax on Writs in Supreme Court. 261 41
Tavern licenses . 3,423 54
Tax on dealers in Foreign Mer- chandize 682 45
Tin and Clock pedlar's licenses 46 60
Canal tolls
2,646 64
$16,341 41
Valuation of taxable property in 1829, including real and personal es- tate, and occupations, $8,022,220.
The population, composed of the descendants of Irish and German set- tlers, but chiefly the former, by the census of 1830, was 37,964, of whom 18,892 were white males, 18,313 fe- males. Free colored males 399, fe- males 330, male slaves 7, female slaves 23. Included in the foregoing there were 740 aliens, 36 deaf and dumb, and 15 blind. Taxables 7583. This table does not include the city of Pittsburg. That contains 12,542 in- habitants. Taxables 2,653. Mak- ing the population of the county 50,- 504, and the taxables 10,236. (See table annexed. )
Allegheny county forms the 21st Senatorial District, and sends one Sen- ator; and four members to the House of Representatives.
Conjoined with Beaver, Butler, and
Armstrong, it forms the 16th Con- gressional District of the State, and united with Beaver and Butler coun- ties it makes the fifth Judicial District, Charles Shaler Esq. President. The Courts are holden at Pittsburg on the 3d Monday in November, and the 4th Mondays of January, April and Au- gust, annually. The county belongs to the western district of the Supreme Court, the session of which is holden annually at Pittsburg on the first Moll- day in September.
The public buildings in the county consist of the Court-house and county offices, of brick, in the city of Pitts- burg ; the Western University on Grant's Hill; the United States Ar- senal about two miles above the city, on the south side of the Allegheny, enclosing four acres, on which there is a large depot of arms and ord- nance; the Theological Seminary in Alleghenytown, and the State Pris- on also in the same place, to which may be added the water works of the city. (For a more particular descrip- tion of these buildings sce Pittsburg.)
The West Pennsylvania Lyceum hás been established in this county, with the design of extending the system of education in which manual labor is conducted with the study of the ele- ments of a liberal education.
There is a county temperance so- ciety and several auxiliary associa- tions in the t-ship, whose efforts have produced the discontinuance of several distilleries, and have contrib- uted essentially to the decrease of in- temperance. The county is however yet subjected to an annual tax of ncar $20,000, for the support of paupers, who have been rendered chargeable "by this vice.
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STATISTICAL TABLE OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY.
Townships, &c.
Greatest Lth. [Bth.
Area in Acres.
Face of Country.
Soil.
Population. 1810 1820 1830
Taxa- bles.
Alleghenytown bor.
2801
Birmingham bor.
520
Bayardstown bor. .
2125
*Deer t-ship.
13
674 1075 1642
312
Elizabeth
10}
10₺ 35,200
2368 2493 2517
571
Fayette
11
8 37,760
2016 2000 2302
536
Findlay
9
63 17,920
1326
270
Franklin
6
6 11,080
658
112
Indiana
9
73 32,000
692 1198 17771
356
Jefferson, included
in Deer t-ship.
1425
307
Mifflin
12
7 32,000
1953 2221 1162
269
Moon
63
43 14,720
1622,2014 1048
221
Ohio
11}
8 17,920
832 1477 1079
221
Pitt .
7
6
26,880
588
795
984
241
Plum
11
7
30,720
1174 1639 1724
356
Ross
7
6
23,040
1327 1979 2196
725
Robinson
63
6
16,640
899 1392 1371 275
St. Clair
12
8
39,040
3080 4142 4614
965
Versailles
6
5
10,240
883| 867
911
233
Allegripus Mountain, Hopewell t- ship, Bedford co. commencing near the S. boundary and extending N. through the greater part of the t-ship, when it is broken by the Raystown branch of the Juniata r. at Stoners- town; thence it continues N. E. through Hopewell, to the main stream of the river near the borough of Ilun- tingdon, being in length about 30 miles.
Allen, t-ship, Northampton co. bounded on the N. by Lehigh and Moore t-ships, on the S. by Hanover and Bethlehem t-ships, on the E. by Upper and lower Nazareth t-ships, and on the W. by the Lehigh r. which sep- arates it from Lehigh co. Its principal towns are Kreidersville, Howartown and Bath. Greatest length, 8 ms., greatest breadth 51. Population in 1830, 2106. Taxables, in 1828, 417. (See Statistical Table of Northamp- ton county.) There are 2 churches belonging to the Lutherans in the t-ship,-there are also several mills on the waters of Hockendoque and Calesoque creeks.
Allensville, p-o. Mifflin co. 84 miles S. W. of Harrisburg.
* This includes Jefferson t-ship, whose boundaries we do not know.
Allentown, (See Northampton in Lehigh co.)
Allen, t-ship, Cumberland co. bounded N. by E. Pennsborough, E. by the Susquehannah r., S. by York co. and W. by Monroe t-ship. Cen- trally distant from Carlisle 12 miles. Greatest length 8, breadth 4 ms. A- rea, 10,240 acres. Surface, level. Soil, limestone, fertile. Pop. in 1830, 2337. Taxables, 418. The Yellow Breeches creek forms the t-ship and county boundary on the S. Tin- dler's Spring in the N. W. angle, and Cedar Spring near the N. E. angle are noted fountains. The towns of Cum- berland and Lisburn lie on the Yel- low Breeches creek. The first at its confluence with the ; Susquehannah river, opposite to the town of New- Market, 16 miles S. E. from Carlisle. The second is a post-town on the bor- der of Monohan t-ship York co. about 14 miles from Carlisle. Allen p-o. is at Cumberland, 107 miles N. of W. C. and 16 W. of Harrisburg.
Alsace, t-ship, Berks co. on the E. side of the river Schuylkill. Pop. in 1810, 1275, in 1820, 1640, in 1830, 1943. Taxables, 402. Bounded on the N. E. by Ruscombmanor, N. W.
Loam, composed of the debris of the various
strata of clay, sand stone, limestone, &c. &c. Coal in every part of the county.
2441 4381 3924 1218
Pine
6 13,440
Hilly, but almost universally arable.
43 34,560
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by Meriden creek t-ship, W. by the riv-|| er Schuylkill, E. by Exeter and Oley t-ships. Area, 21,420 acres. Its sur- face is mountainous, and the Never- sink and Penn's mountains are chiefly remarkable. The valleys are prin- cipally lime-stone, well cultivated and highly productive ; the hill sides, which are also generally cultivated, are not so fruitful, but repay well the labor bestowed upon them when ma- nured with lime, which is easily ob- tainable at a moderate expense. It surrounds the borough of Reading, and is intersected by the Philadelphia and Central turnpikes, and by other great roads which lead northward and eastward. In a secluded and romantic gorge of the Penn mtn. is Kesler's cha- ly beate spring, at which is a house of public entertainment, much frequented by the inhabitants of Reading ; and a small woollen factory, driven by a riv- ulet which precipitates itself sparkling and leaping down the ravine. Un- der the feverish excitement given to manufactures in the late war, a con- siderable sum of money was expend- ed here in erecting a woollen factory, the principal building of which is the present tavern house. Several small streams have their sources in the hills, of which the principal is Roush's creek, upon which there are several mills. Iron ore is abundant in the Penn mountain, and is transported to the furnaces in this and the neighbor- ing counties. Spies church is in the N. E. angle of the town-ship, and an- other church about a mile and a half from Reading on the road to Rutz- town-both common to the Lutherans and Presbyterians.
Alum bank, p-o. St. Clair's t-ship, Bedford co. 136 ms. N. W. from W. C. 114 from Harrisburg.
Amberson's Valley, Fannet t-ship, . Franklin co. between the Blue and Dividing mtns. Amberson's creek flows through it the whole extent of the town-ship into the West Branch of the Conecocheague creek. There is a noted Sulphur Spring here.
Amity, t-ship of Erie co. bounded
N. by Venango t-ship and by the State of New-York, E. by Concord, S. by Union and W. by Waterford t-ships. Centrally distant S. E. from Erie 18 ms. Greatest length 7, breadth 5 ms. Area, 22,400 acres. Surface hilly. Soil, gravelly loam, productive in grass and adapted to grazing. Pop. in 1830, 335, taxables 52. The French creek crosses the N. W. angle, and the south branch of that stream rises in the S. E. angle of the town-ship. The post- town of Wattville or Wattsburg is on the north boundary in a fork of French creek.
Amity, t-ship of Berks co. Pop. in 1810, 1090, in 1820, 1279, in 1830, 1378. Taxables, 284. The town- ship is a square of 4 by 4 miles, and contains 10,500 acres-bounded on N. by Oley and Earl t-ship, on the S. by the Schuylkill r., on the E. by Douglas t-ship, and on the W. by Ex- eter. Manokesy Hill, centrally situat- ed, is a strongly marked feature of its topography. Manatawny creek cross- es the northeastern corner, and the Ma- nokesy ereck, the S. W. corner of the township in their courses to the Schuylkill r. There are several mills on each. The surface of the country is undulating, and the soil red gravel, well cultivated and productive, worth from 15 to 60 dollars per acre. Towns, Warrensburg and Weavertown. At the latter there is a church of Luther- ans and Presbyterians. An English Presbyterian church at Warensburg, one near the Manokcsy hill. The Perkiomen turnpike road crosses the township ncar its southern boundary.
Amity, p-t. Amwell t-ship, Wash- ington co. distant about 10 miles S. of Washington borough, on Bane's fork of 10 mile creek, on the road to Waynesborough, 228 miles S. W. from Harrisburg, contains 25 dwellings, 2 stores, one tavern and a Presbyte- rian church.
Amwell, t-ship, Washington co. bounded N. by Strabane t-ship, E. by West Bethel, S. by Greene co. and W. by Morris and Canton t-ships. Centrally distant from the borough of
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Washington 10 ms. Greatest length 11, breadth 91 ms. Area, 33,280 acres ; surface hilly ; soil, loam ; coal - abundant. Taxable Pop. in 1830,
359. The t-ship is drained by the N. Fork of 10 mile creck, by the Little N. Fork and Banc's Fork of the same creek. The p-t. of Amity lies in the S. W. angles, distant S. from Washington borough about 10 miles.
Andalusia, p-o. Bensalem t-ship, Bucks co. on the turnpike road from Philadelphia to Bristol, 14 ms. from the former, 157 from W. C., 119 from Harrisburg. The mail arrives at this office daily.
Andersonsburg, p-o. Perry co. 40 miles N. of Harrisburg.
Antes, t-ship, Huntingdon co. bound- ed N. E. by Warrior Mark t-ship, S. E. by Tyrone t-ship, S. W. by Allegheny t-ship, and N. W. by Cambria co. Centrally distant from Huntingdon N. W. 20 miles. Greatest length 10, breadth 8 ms. Area, 49,280 acres ; surface, mountain and valley ; soil, red shale. Taxable pop. in 1830, 207. The W. branch of the Juni- ata runs N. through the co. On its E. banks are beds of iron ore. The Brush mountain lies on the E. of the t-ship, and the Allegheny mountain on the West. Antestown is the name given to the p-o. of the t-ship, which is 119 ms. S. W. from Harrisburg. There is a small village in the t-ship called Davidsburg. There were in the t-ship in 1828, 4 grist mills, 8 saw mills, 1 distillery, and one powder mill.
Antelauny or Maiden creek, Lehigh co. rises in Linn t-ship, and running westerly along the Blue mountain, pas- ses into Berks co. and thence into the Schuylkill r. It drives many mills, but it is too small in Lehigh co. to be navigable.
Anthracite, village of Mauch Chunk t-ship, Northampton co. at the coal mine on Mauch Chunk mtn. inhabit- ed by the miners and their families.
Antrim, t-ship, Franklin co. bound- ed N. by St. Thomas, Hamilton, and
|| Guilford t-ships, S. by the state of Ma- ryland, E. by Washington t-ship, and W. by Montgomery and Peters t-ships. Centrally distant from Chambersburg 11 ms. Breadth 81 ms. Area, 38,- 400 acres ; surface, level, rocky ; soil, limestone. Pop. in 1830, 3829 ; tax- ables 768. It is drained on the W. by the Conecocheague creek and its tributaries, on the E. by a branch of Kettle creek. The Waynesburg, Green Castle and Mercersburg turn- pike road runs through it, on which, near the W. boundary, lies the p-t. of Greencastle.
Annville, t-ship, Lebanon co. bounded N. by East Hanover, E. by Lebanon t-ship, S. and W. by Lon- donderry. Centrally distant from the borough of Lebanon about 6 miles. Greatest length about 10 ms. great- est breadth 7 ms. Area, 21,700 acres; surface pricipally level; soil, lime- stone and gravel. Pop. in 1830, 2736 ; taxables 440. The Swatara creek forms the northern boundary ; the Quitapahilla crosses the t-ship cen- trally to the western line; along which it runs to its confluence with the for- mer, receiving from the S. Killinger's run, which has its whole course be- tween this and Londonderry t-ship. On the Quitapahilla there is a forge. Millerstown, a p-t. lies on the turn- pike road from Lebanon to Harrisburg, distant 5 ms. W. from the former and 19 ms. E. of the latter. The p-o. called " Annville," is 129 ms. from W. C. and 19 E. of Harrisburg.
Apollucan creek, Choconut t-ship, Susquehannah co. rises in that t-ship, and flows N. W. into the East branch of the Susquehannah r. in the State of New-York. It is a mill stream but unnavigable in this State.
Appollo, p-o. Armstrong co. 219 ms. N. W. of W. C. 188 ms. W. of Harrisburg.
Aquanshicola creek, Northampton co. rises in Ross t-ship, about a mile E. of the Wind Gap, on the N. side of the Blue mtn. and running along its base S. W. by W. falls into the Lehigh r. at its entrance into the Wa-
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ter Gap. It is a rapid stream, drives several mills, but is not navigable for any kind of craft.
Ararat mount, a spur of the Moosic mtn. lying on the borders of Wayne and Susquehannah cos. chiefly in Jack- son t-ship of the one, but extending partially into Preston t-ship of the other. It is a hill of considerable elevation, but of gentle and easy'ac- cess, and is covered with an excellent soil. Its summit commands a wide and delightful view to the west.
Armagh t-ship, Mifflin co. bounded N. by the Path Valley mtn. which di- vides it from Centre co. E. by Union co. S. by Jack's mtn. and W. by Union t-ship. Centrally distant from Lewistown 12 ms. N. E. Greatest length 22 ms. breadth 6. Area 66,560 acres; surface mountainous, with fine valleys; soil in the valleys, limestone. Taxable pop. 428. The t-ship. is covered with knobs and ridges, and is drained by the Great and Little Kishicoquillas creeks, which unite in a gorge of Jack's mtn. through which runs the turnpike road from Lewistown to Bellefonte. The Kishicoquillas valley extends nearly half through the t-ship. from W. to E.
Armagh, p-t. of Wheatfield t-ship. Indiana co. on the turnpike road from Ebensburg to Pittsburg, 15 ms. S.E. of the borough of Indiana, 175 ms. from W. C. 141 W. from Harrisburg, and 13 ms. E. from Blairsville ; contains about 40 dwellings, 4 stores, and 6 taverns.
Armstrong co. was established by act 12th March, 1800, sec. 8, which provides " that so much of the cos. of Allegheny, Lycoming and Westmore- land as are included within the follow- ing boundaries, should form a separate co. Beginning on the Allegheny r. at the mouth of the Buffalo creek, the corner of Butler co. thence N.along the line of the said co. of Butler to the N. E. corner of the same, supposed to be at the Allegheny r. and if the N. E. corner of the said co. of But- ler shall not strike the Allegheny r.
then from the said corner on a line at a right angle from the first line of the co. of Butler, until the said line shall strike the Allegheny r. thence by the western margin of the said r. to the mouth of Toby's creek ; thence crossing the r. and up the said creck to the line dividing Wood's and Hamil- ton's districts, thence S. along the said line, to the present line of West- moreland co. thence S. 35° W. to the Kiskiminitas r. thence down the said r. to the mouth thercof, on the Alle- gheny r. thence across the said r. to the W. margin thereof; thence down the said r. to the mouth of Buffalo creek, the corner of Buffalo co. the place of beginning." And until the co. should be organized, it was annexed to Westmoreland co. And it was declared that the st. jus. should be fixed on the Allegheny r. at a place not more than 5 ms. distant from Old Kittanning t.
By act of 6th April, 1802, commis- sioners were appointed to fix the st. jus. and upon their report, and by act of 4th April, 1804, trustees were ap- pointed to survey 150 acres of land at the place where General Armstrong defeated the Indians, being part of a tract which James and John Arm- strong had given to the Governor in trust for the co. and to lay out lots for the public buildings, and to sell the remainder of the tract in town lots, containing not more than two thirds nor less than one fourth of an acre, and to apply the proceeds to the crec- tion of co. buildings.
By the act of 2d March, 1805, the co. was organized for judicial pur- poses.
The co. is bounded N. by Venan- go co. from which it is separated by the Allegheny r. and Toby's creek, E. by Jefferson and Indiana cos. S. and S. W. by Westmoreland, and W. by Butler. It is about 35 ms. in length, with a mean breadth of about 20 ms. Area 941 sq. ms. Kittanning, the co. t. is in N. lat. 41°, and long. 2° 30' W. from W. C.
The surface of the country is much
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variegated with hill and valley, in| many places broken, and the soil is not less diversified. Large bo- dies of land are almost worthless ; others are valuable chiefly for their timber, but there are extensive tracts which are scarcely inferior to any land in the state.
The timber, according to the soil, is black, red, white and rock oak, ches- nut, hickory, ash, walnut, sugar ma- ple, elm, cherry ; pine and cedar are. not abundant.
This county, like the rest of the country of Pennsylvania, N. W. of the mountains, pertains to the secon- dary formation and abounds with lime- stone, coal and salt. The two last are most plentiful in the S. part of the co. particularly along the Kiskimini- tas and Allegheny rs. and Crooked creek. Banks of coal are found along Red Bank and Mahoning creeks, 12 feet thick. Alumine is found on the Mahoning near its junction with the Allegheny r. and copperas upon Red Bank creek. Iron ore is every where abundant, and lead ore has been dis- covered in Kittanning t-ship. on the left bank of the Allegheny r.
The co. is very well watered. The Allegheny r. divides it into two une- qual parts, winding from the N. W. angle in an eliptical curve to the S. W . receiving from the E. the following streams, which have their sources in the mts. viz. Clarion r., or Toby's creeks, the N. boundary ; Red Bank creek, Mahoning creek, Crooked creek, and the Kiskiminitas r. which forms the S. W. boundary. Cowans- hannock, Pine and Piney creeks are considerable, but less important
streams. Buffalo creek is the lar- gest on the western side of the r. and it flows S. to unite with it at the town of Freeport, in the S. W. point of the co. The Pa. canal enters the co. about 9 ms. above Warren t. crossing the Kiskiminitas to the N. bank, which it pursues to the Allegheny r. and passing the r. by an aqueduct, runs about 1} ms. further in the co. quitting it below Freeport.
The turnpike road from Indiana to Kittanning runs N. W. about half way across the co. and thence to Butler ; and upon it, near the S. E. boundary, lies the small v. of Middletown. The Mercer and Roseburg turnpike runs nearly parallel with the Clarion r. Freeport, Kittanning, and Lawrence- burg, are towns on the Allegheny ; the first and least on the W. and the second on the eastern bank. Hulings- burg, Callensburg, and Roseburg, are in the N. E. part of the co. near to the Clarion r.
The population of the co. about one half of German descent, and from Northampton co. by the census of 1830, was 17,625, of whom 8970 were white males; 8078 white fe- males. Males colored, free, 49; fe- males, 47; slaves none. Of these there were 56 aliens, 9 deaf and dumb, land 10 blind. The taxables in 1828 were 3257.
The principal religious sect is Pres- byterian, and the other sects rank in numbers, in the following order : Me- thodists, Lutherans, and German re- formed. There are common schools in the co. adequate to the wants of the people ; and there is an academy at Kittanning, where the languages and mathematics are taught. There are two newspapers, viz. " The Arm- strong Advertiser," and " Kittanning Gazette," both published in the town of Kittanning.
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