USA > Pennsylvania > A gazetteer of the state of Pennsylvania : a part first, contains a general description of the state, its situation and extent, general geological construction, canals, and rail-roads, bridges, revenue, expenditures, public debt, &c. &c. ; part second, embraces ample descriptions of its counties, towns, cities, villages, mountains, lakes, rivers, creeks, &c. alphabetically arranged > Part 27
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Colerain, t-ship, Bedford co. bound- ed N. by Woodberry, E. by Hope. well, Providence and Southampton, S. by Southampton, and W. by Bedford and Cumberland valley ; greatest length 21 ms. breadth 43 ; area, 47, 360 acres ; surface, level ; soil, lime- stone. Pop. in 1830, 1170 ; taxables 200. Tussey's mtn. lies on the E. Evitt's and Dunning's mtn. on the W. The Raystown branch of the Juniata flows eastwardly through the t-ship and receives from the S. Cove creek, and from the N. Tussey's run; the former drains Friend's Cove valley, and the latter Snake Spring valley. by act of 25th Feb. 1814. Much of
The Bedford turnpike road runs near the bank of the river.
Collinsville, p-t. Allegheny t-ship, Huntingdon co. contains 3 or 4 dwell- ings, a tavern and store. Allegheny furnace is near the town.
Colt's Station, village, centrally situ- ated in Greenfield t-ship, Erie co. 11 ms. E. of Erie, and 287 N. W. from Harrisburg.
Columbia, Columbus. (See New Co- lumbus, &c.)
Columbus, t-ship, Warren co. bound- ed N. by the state of New York, E. by Sugar Grove t-ship, S. by Spring creek t-ship, and W. by Erie co. Centrally distant from the borough of Warren, N. W. 20 ms .; length 12, breadth 8 ms ; area, 45,440 acres ; surface, undulating ; soil, loam and alluvion. Pop. in 1830, 552; taxa- bles in 1828, 98. The Big Broken Straw creek runs through the t-ship, southwardly, near the west boundary, and the Little Broken Straw near the E. boundary. The soil is of good quality, heavily timbered, and where cleared productive.
Columbia, Glass Manufactory, on the right bank of the Delaware river, in Upper Smithfield t-ship, 12 ms. above Milford. A bridge is thrown across the Delaware here, by a company in- corporated, under an act of assembly 19th March, 1816. It is 720 feet long, 30 feet wide, and cost twelve thousand four hundred dollars.
Columbia, p-t. and borough of W. Hempfield t-ship, Lancaster co. 11 ms. S. W. from the city of Lancaster, 75 ms. W. from Philadelphia, 28 ms. S. E. from Harrisburg, and 99 N. from W. C. on the E. bank of the Susquehannah r. and on the southern turnpike road from Philadelphia to Pittsburg. This place was settled in 1726 or 7, by Robert Barber, Samuel Blunston, and John Wright, Quakers, from Chester co. the descendants of whom still reside in the vicinity. In and near the town many Irish and Germans afterwards established them- selves. The town was incorporated
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the trade of the Susquehannah river centered here, and in future it will ne- cessarily engross a greater portion, since the state canal on the Susquehan- nah commences here, and also the rail road connecting that river with the Delaware at Philadelphia. A fine bridge was erected over the river here in 1814, by an incorporated joint stock company, in which the state took stock to the amount of $90,000 dollars. The bridge was 5690 feet long and 30 feet wide, and consisted of 53 arches ele- vated 23 feet above the ordinary lev- el of the water, and cost $231,771. The whole capital of the company was $419,400; the balance is employed in banking, the company having banking privileges by their charter. This structure was greatly injured by the freshet of February, 1832, in which the ice of the river was piled even upon the roof of the bridge, and nearly one half of the structure was swept away by the flood. It is now about to be rebuilt, to which purpose the state has liberally contributed.
The public buildings of the town consist of a town hall, of brick, two stories high, built in 1828, in which is a town clock, market house in rear of town hall, Friends' meeting house, Roman Catholic chapel, Presbyterian church, Methodist Episcopal church, German church, and 2 houses of wor- ship for colored people. There are a post office, bank, library, and bene- ficial associations, 6 day schools, 2 fire companies, 2 volunteer companies, and a weekly newspaper, called " The Spy."
There are here 7 or 8 large ware- houses on the banks of the river, for the reception of country produce. Ex- cellent spring water is introduced through all the principal streets, by iron pipes, from the reservoir situated at the head of the town. This reser- voir is supplied by pipes from two springs about a mile distant. Within the borough are mineral springs which are said to possess valuable medical qualities. A daily line of stages runs through the town, between Baltimore
and Philadelphia, and another from the borough to Harrisburg. It contained by the census of 1830, 2046 inhabit- ants, and about 400 houses.
Columbia, t-ship, Bradford co. bounded N. by Wells, E. by Spring- field, S. by Troy, t-ships, and W. by Tioga co. Centrally distant from Towanda 20 ms. N. W .; greatest lenght 74, breadth 6 ms .; area, 28,800 acres ; surface, hilly ; soil, loam. Pop. in 1830, 1235 ; taxables, 198. The t-ship is drained S. E. by the main branch of Sugar creek. Columbia Cross roads p-o. centrally situated in the t-ship, is 254 ms. N. W. of W. C. and 148 from Harrisburg.
Columbus, New, p-t. of Huntingdon t-ship, Luzerne co. on the turnpike road from Berwick to Tioga, 206 ms. N. W. of W. C. and 92 from Har- risburg.
Columbia, p-t. of Fallowfield t-ship, Washington co. on the W. bank of the Monongahela r. 16 ms. E. of the bo- rough of Washington.
Columbia county, was taken from Northumberland at the same time with Union, 22d March, 1813. The inhab- itants were authorized to exercise the usual county powers, and to enjoy county privileges from the 1st Mon- day in September, 1813. By the act of 22d January, 1816, part of the town ships, Chilisquaque and Turbit, in Northumberland county, were annexed to Columbia ; and by act of 3d March, 1818 part of Columbia county was an- nexed to Schuylkill county. This county is now bounded N. by Lycom- ing, E. by Luzerne, S. E. by Schuyl- kill and S. W. and W. by Northum- berland ; length 25, breadth 23 ms. Area, 574 sq.ms .; central lat. 41º N. long. from W. C. 0° 30' E.
Columbia county is spread over the Appalachian system, & pertains to the great transition formation of the north- ern continent, and like most parts of that formation in Pennsylvania it abounds with mineral wealth. The anthracite fields extend from Schuylkill and Lu- zerne counties into the town ships on the E. of the Susquehannah,
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and iron ore of excellent quality is found in all parts of the county. The surface of the county is very une- qual and much diversified by mountain, hill, and valley, and the alluvial bot- toms of the Susquehannah r. View- ing the county from E. to W. we ob- serve Little mtn. Roaring creek and Catawissa valleys, Bucks mtn. Middle Hill, Long mtn. and Catawissa mtn. and the Susquehannah r. Crossing the river we have in the northern part of the county, Knob mtn. North mtn. a continuance of Bowman's, the Bald mtn. and the Muncy hills; and in the southern part of the county are Lime- stone, Mahoney and other ridges.
The Susquehannah river divides the county into two unequal parts, and re- ceives from it the Catawissa and Roar- ing creeks, and from the west, Fishing creek and Mahoning creek. The Chilisquaque creek which drains the western part of the county, flows S. W. into the W. branch of the Susque- hannah. The state canal follows the N. branch of the r. through its course in the county. There is a bridge across the river at Berwick. (See Berwick.)
The principal towns are Danville, Catawissa, Mifflinsburg and Berwick, on the margin of the river, Bloomsburg, Jerseytown, Washington, Williams- burg, Orangeville and Espytown. The only turnpike roads in the county are that known as the Susquehannah and Tioga, which commencing at Berwick, runs through an eastern angle of the county, and that along the W. bank of the river from Northumberland to Danville.
The population of the county con- sists chiefly of Germans and their de- scendants. In 1820 it amounted to 17,621, and in 1830, 20,049, of whom 10,287 were white males, 9,644 white females,, 53 free colored males, 45 free colored females, 237 aliens, 8 deaf and dumb, and 6 blind.
The public buildings of the county are the court house, county offices, of lumbia County Register, and the Ber- brick, prison, of stone, and an acad- emy. The institution for which the
[latter was built, was incorporated by the legislature in 1818, and is located at Danville. Twenty-two places of worship, of which 5 pertain to Pres- byterians, 7 to the Lutheran and Ger- man reformed societies, and 10 to Methodists. There are established in the county, Bible and Missionary so- cieties and Sunday schools, where circumstances permit. Luzerne and Columbia form the 10th senatorial district, sending one member to the senate, and Columbia of itself sends one member to the house of repre- sentatives. Connected with Union, Northumberland, Luzerne, Susque- hannah, Bradford, Lycoming, Potter, and Mckean, it forms the 9th con- gressional district, returning three members to congress. United with Northumberland, Lycoming and Un- ion, it forms the 8th judicial dis- trict; Seth Chapman, Esq. presi- dent. The courts are holden at Dan- ville on the first Mondays of January, April, August, and November, annu- ally. This county belongs to the middle district of the supreme court, a session of which is holden annually at Sunbury, in the month of June.
The exports of the county are es- timated at 120,000 bushels of wheat, 4,000 bushels clover seed, 3,000 bar- rels of whiskey, 300 tons of pork, and a small amount of lumber, some live stock, and some iron castings.
There are in the County 33 grist- mills, 60 saw-mills, 4 fulling-mills, and 2 oil-mills, 2 furnaces and 2 forges in Catawissa t-ship, and 2 iron foun- dries, one at Danville, and the other near Berwick, at which very neat castings are made. The rail-road from Pottsville to Danville now being made, will give increased facilities to the trade of this county, and will ren- der Danville, the county town, the de- pot for much of the produce which descends the river. There are 3 newspapers published in the county, viz. : the Danville Intelligencer, Co- wick Gazette. Improved lands are sold at from 20 to 40 dollars the acre,
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and unimproved from 25 cents to 8|| in 1831 for tax or writs, dollars.
The value of taxable property by the assessment of 1829, amounted to $2,800,000 ; the amount of tax raised on personal estate, $700, and the rate of levy on both was 25 cents in the hundred dollars.
This county paid to the state treasury )
$22,331
Tavern licenses, 57,144
Duties on dealers in foreign merchandise, 30,031
State maps, 3,395
Collateral inheritances, 633
Tin and clock pedlars licenses, 10,071
Total, $130,634
STATISTICAL TABLE OF COLUMBIA COUNTY.
Townships, &c.
Greatest Lth. Bth.
Area in Acres.
Face of Country.
Soil.
Population. 1820.
Taxa- bles.
Greenwood,
11
8
30,720
Part chiefly hilly, part level.
Clay, loam.
1078
1110
. 208
Madison,
8
5
16,000
Do.
Do.
1330
1554
248
Hemlock,
91
6
29,440
Do.
Do.
1464
1681
303
Bloom,
64
64 16,640
Chiefly level. Loam, lime. Do Do.
1719
1706
347
Liberty,
8
43 18,560
Chicfly level. Hilly.
Clay.
1146
1111
230
Sugarloaf,
93
8 36,480
Do.
Sand, gravel. Do.
673
715
134
Mifflin,
9
9
37,120
Do.
Do. Limestonc.
426
540
100
Derry,
11
53 17,920
Level. Do. Hilly. Mountainous. Do.
Clay, lime. Clay, gravel. Do Do
1478
1796
358
Fishing Creek,
74
53 19,200
502
568
102
17,621 |20,049
3521
Compasstown, a small hamlet of Bir- mingham t-ship, Delaware co. on the Brandywine r. near Chads ford, 12 ms. N. W. of Chester.
Concord, t-ship, Delaware county, bounded N. by Thornbury, E. by As- ton, S. by Bethel and W. by Birming- ham; centrally distant from Philad. 20 ms. W .; greatest lgth. 42, brdth. 3 miles ; area, about 8000 acres ; sur- face, hilly ; soil, loam. Pop. in 1830, 1002; taxables in 1828, 203. It is watered by Painter's creek, a branch of Chester creek, a mill stream stud- ded with mills. A Quaker meeting- house and an Episcopal church stand within two miles of each other, on op- posite sides of the road, leading to Chads ford on the Brandywine river. There is a post office near the former.
Concord meeting-house, p-o. Concord t-ship, Delaware co. 122 ms. from W. C. 82 from Harrisburg.
Concord, p.v. Path valley, Fannet t-ship, Franklin co. upon the Tuscaro- ra creek, 120 ms. from W. C. 54 from Harrisburg.
Concord, t-ship, Erie co. bounded N. by New-York, E. by Warren co. S. by Wayne t-ship, and W. by Amity t-ship; greatest length 7, breadth 5 miles ; area, 22,400 acres. Pop. in 1830, 225; taxables, 45; surface, hilly ; soil, gravelly loam, adapted to grazing ; drained W. by a tributary of the S. branch of French creek, and E. by Frampton's branch of Broken Straw creek.
Conedogwinit creek, rises in Frank- lin co. and flows thence by a N. E. course between the north and south mountains into, and through Cumber- land co. passing about 1 mile N. of Carlisle, and falls into the Susquehan- nah 2 ms. above Harrisburg, having a comparative course of near 50 miles,
1662
1688
347
Catawissa,
134
11 67,200
2520
3130
561
Mahoning,
7
4 13,440
1626
2081
414
Briar creek,
73
6 26,880
Mount Pleasant,
6
43 12,880
1492
1791
335
Limestone,
10
6 18,560
505
678
127
1830.
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but as it is very serpentine it is much ||rich loam. longer, following the meanders of the stream.
Conecocheague creek, Franklin co. rises by two branches, one heading on the boundary between Perry and Franklin counties, and between the North and Tuscarora mtns. and the other near Chambersburg, interlock. ing with the sources of the Conedo- gwinit : the two branches flowing to the south, unite between Greencastle and Mercersburg, and entering Mary- land, fall into the Potomac at Wil- liamsport. This stream from Cham- bersburg to its mouth, almost every- where separates the limestone and slate ranges.
Conecocheague hill, Tobyne t-ship, Perry co., the range next S. of the Tuscarora mtn. It runs about 18 miles.
Conemaugh, t.ship, Somerset co. bounded N. and N. E. by Cambria co. E. by Shade t-ship, S. by Jenner t- ship and W. by Westmoreland co. ; centrally distant N. of Somerset bo- rough about 17 miles ; greatest length 9 miles, breadth 4; area 16,360 acres; surface, hilly ; soil, light clay. Pop. in 1830, 767 ; taxables, 130; taxable property in 1829, real estate, $56,496; personal, including occupations, 5848 ; rate of tax 5 mills on the dollar. The post office is called after the t-ship, and is 165 ms. N. W. from W. C. and 143 from Harrisburg. Stoney creek bounds it on the E. and N. E. and re- ceives from the t-ship at the N. E. an- gle, Ben's creek. Mary Ann forge lies on Stoney creek, in the S. E. an- gle of the t-ship, opposite to the mouth of Shade creek, and near it is a post office. Bituminous coal is found on Oldman's run, a tributary of Stoney creek.
Conemaugh, t-ship, Indiana county, bounded N. E. by Armstrong t-ship, E. by Black Liek t-ship, S. and S. W. by the Conemaugh river, and W. by Armstrong co .; centrally distant 13 miles S. W. of Indiana borough ; great- est length 10, breadth 9 miles ; area 23,680 acres ; surface, hilly ; soil,
Pop. in 1830, 2104 ; tax- ables, 473. It is drained by Black- legs creek and some smaller streams. Salt springs are found on the bank of the river near Saltzburg, a post town of the t-ship, where extensive and very productive salt works are erected.
Conemaugh river, is formed by the union of the Little Conemaugh creek, with Stoney creek, in Conemaugh t- ship, Cambria co. at the village of Johnstown. The river runs N. W. under this name, about 50 miles, form- ing the boundary between Westmore- land and Indiana counties, when it re- ceives below Saltzburg, the Loyalhan- na river. Thence it assumes the name of the Kiskiminitas river, and flows about 26 miles still N. W. into the Al- legheny river, about 24 miles above Pittsburgh. This stream forms an im- portant link in the chain of canals in Pennsylvania. The rail-road portage across the Allegheny mountain ends at Johnstown, at the head of the Cone- maugh, and the canal is resumed, and continues along this and the Kiskimin. itas and Allegheny rivers to Pittsburg.
Conemaugh, Little, creek, rises in Cambria co. by two forks, and unites as above stated, with Stoney creek at Johnstown. (See Stoney creek).
Conemaugh, t-ship, Cambria co., bounded N. by Summerhill t-ship, E. by the Allegheny mountain, which se- parates it from Bedford co., W. by the Laurel hill, which divides it from Westmoreland co. and S. by Somerset co. ; centrally distant S. W. from Ebensburg 15 miles ; greatest length 21, breadth, 15 miles ; surface, hilly ; soil, elay and limestone. Pop. in 1830, 2088 ; taxables 326 ; taxable proper. ty in 1829, seated lands, &c. $5888, unseated, $18,101. Little Conemaugh from the N. E. and Stoney creek from the S. E. unite in the west part of the t-ship, at Johnstown, to form the Cone- maugh river. The great rail road portage across the Allegheny moun- tain ends here, and the transportation by water is resumed ; the canal fol- lowing the north bank of the Cone- maugh river.
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Conemaugh, t., Conemaugh t-ship, || highly valuable to themselves and to Cambria co. (See Johnstown).
Conestoga, t-ship, Lancaster co. bounded N. by Lancaster t-ship, N. E. by Lampiter, S. E. by Martick, S. W. by the Susquehannah river, W. by Manor; centrally distant from Lan- caster 5 miles S. ; greatest length 7, breadth, 42 miles ; area, 17,920 acres ; surface, rolling ; soil, clay and gravel, of excellent quality, and well cultiva- ted. Pop. in 1830, 2120; taxables, 436. The Conestoga creek flows along the W. boundary, and the Pe- qua creek along the E. Upon both there are several mills. Willow Street is a hamlet near the N. W. boundary, and Safe Harbor another at the conflu- ence of the Conestoga creek with the Susquehannah. The post office, call- ed after the township, is 107 miles from W. C. and 43 from Harrisburg.
Conestoga river, Lancaster co., has its sources in Caernarvon t-ship, and flowing westerly, receives the Cocali- co creek at the junction of Warwick, Earl, Laycock and Manheim t-ships ; thence flowing south-westerly it passes the city of Lancaster and falls into the Susquehannah about 10 miles below Columbia. It is a beautiful and pow- erful stream, and drains one of the best cultivated and most productive tracts in the United States. A slack water navigation has been made from Rei- gart's landing, within the bounds of the city of Lancaster, to Safe Harbor on the Susquehannah, a distance of 18 miles, by nine dams and locks; the pools varying in length from one to three miles, and preserving a breadth of from 250 to 350 feet, with a depth in the channel of never less than four feet, forming beautiful sheets of wa- ter. The towing path is on the left bank of the river. The locks are 100 feet by 22, sufficiently large for arks or boats 90 feet in length, and for rafts of timber, or boards of the same size. The lifts vary from 7 to 9 feet. This valuable work has been execu- ted at an expense of about $4000 per mile, by a private company, who have obtained at each dam a water power
the city and vicinity of Lancaster. When the navigation of the Susque- hannah below the mouth of the Cones- toga shall be improved, that city will have many of the advantages of a port. The canal serves at present to trans- port many articles of commerce to and from the river Susquehannah in ves- sels of from 60 to 100 tons burden. There is a fine stone bridge over this stream on the Lancaster turnpike road, built by Mr. Whitmor, at his private expense, under authority obtained from the state, for which he was remunera- ted by the tolls.
Conestoga creek, Little, Lancaster co. rises in Warwick t-ship, and flows sthwrdly by a serpentine course of about 15 ms. into the Conestoga river at the foot of Turkey hill, receiving in its course several streams, among which the west branch is the most con- siderable. It is a fine stream and has many mills upon it.
Conequenessing creek, rises by two branches in the N. E. and S. E. parts of Butler co. which uniting in Butler t-ship, form the main E. branch of Big Beaver river, into which it flows by a W. and N. W. course, through But- ler and Beaver counties, joining its recipient, in North Sewickly t-ship, of the latter co. Its whole length by comparative courses may be about 40 miles. Its principal tributaries from the S. are Brush creek, Break Neck creek, and Glade run; from the north, Little Conequenessing, Yellow, and Slippery Rock creeks.
Conequenessing, t-ship, Butler co. bounded N. by Muddy Creek t-ship, E. by Butler t-ship, S. by Cranberry and W. by Beaver co. centrally distant W. from Butler borough 10 miles. The t-ship is 8 miles square ; area 40,960 acres ; surface rolling ; soil loam, clay, and gravel; pop. in 1830, 1944; tax- ables 358. It is watered by the Co- nequenessing, and Little Conequenes. sing, Break Neck, and Yellow creeks. The p-t. of Harmony, lies in the W. part of the t-ship, on the S. bank of the Conequenessing creek, and within
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a mile of it, lower down the stream, is the village Zelienople. Harmony was built by the association of the Harmonites, now settled at Economy, in Beaver co. Portersville, another p-t., and Prospect, a village, are also within the t-ship. There are exten- sive bottomns, upon the Conequenessing cr. whose soil is of rich loam, and sand, easily tilled, and produces abundantly, wheat, and corn. The following sta- tistical account of this t-ship, is a model for a statistical table which we should like to possess of every t-ship, in the state. Taxable value $191,755. The pop. consists of 115 native Germans, 849 German descend- ants ; 454 native Irish, 454 Irish de- scendants; 25 native Scotch ; 140 Scotch descendants ; English natives 23, English descendants 129; descend- ants of Low Dutch 19, of Swedes 8, Welsh 17. Professors of religion 643, viz. Lutherans 197, Menonists 99, Presbyterians 91, Associate Re- formed 90, German Reformed 77, Covenanters 25, Seceders 18, Method- ists 18, Baptists 10, Catholics 10, Quakers 7. Such as are 16 years old and upwards, who have not made pro- fession of religion, 300, number of families destitute of Bibles, 31, persons of 15 years old and upwards who can- not read, 60 ; number of gallons whis- key consumed in 1831, 3044, distilled 7850, number of coal banks known, 60, schools during winter 9, churches and meeting houses, 7.
Conewago, t-ship, York co. bounded N. by Newberry, S. E. by Manches- ter, S. W. by Dover, and W. by Warrington t-ships ; centrally distant from the borough of York, about 7 miles, N. W. greatest length 7}, breadth 6 miles; area, 16,000 acres ; surface hilly; soil red shale, of good quality. Pop. in 1830, 1094; taxa- bles 231 ; taxable property, real estate, $162,472; personal estate 9165, oc- cupations 14,100, rate 25 cts. on the $100. The Conewago Hills cross it on the N. W. The Great Conewago creek flows along the N. boundary and the Little Conewago creek on the E.
uniting in the N. E. Strimestown, a small hamlet, lies near the N. line.
Conewago, t-ship, Adams co. bound- ed on the N. by Berwick t-ship, E. by York co. S. by Germany t-ship, and W. by Mount Joy t-ship; central- ly distant from. Gettysburg S. E. 10 miles ; greatest length 72, breadth 3} miles ; area 8,320 acres ; surface level ; soil, limestone. Pop. in 1830, 878; taxables 198. The Conewago creek crosses the t-ship, and flows north- wardly along its W. boundary, receiv- ing Plumb creek from it.
Conewago hills, a prominent chain which rises in York co. through which it runs to the Susquehannah and thence about 35 miles N. E. on the boundary line between Lancaster and Dauphin and Lebanon counties. This is a portion of the chain known as the South mountain.
Conewago creek, one stream thus called rises in Lebanon co. and flows S. W. along the N. base of the Co- newago hills to the Susquehannah r. at the village of Falmouth, forming the boundary between Lancaster and Dauphin counties, having a course of more than 20 miles.
Conewago creek, a much larger stream than the preceding, which rises in the S. E. angle of Adams co. thence running N. and N. E. enters York co. on the line between Paradise and Washington t-ships, and thence by a meandering course to the Susquehan- nah river, into which it flows, about 5 miles below that town. It receives the Little Conewago creek, which rises and has its whole course in York co.
Conewango, t-ship, Warren co. bounded N. by Pine Grove t-ship, E. by Elk t-ship, S. by the Allegheny r. and W. by Broken Straw t-ship. Length 7, breadth 62 miles ; area 20, 480 acres; surface somewhat hilly along the river, but undulating two or three miles from it; soil on the river bottoms deep alluvion, and fertile loam in the interior ; pop. in 1830, 837; taxables in 1828, 210. The Conewago creek runs N. and S. through it, and divides it into two
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unequal portions. At its confluence with the river, lies the borough, post and county town of Warren. Jack- son's run is a tributary of the creek.
Conewango, p-o. Warren co. 320 miles N. W. of W. C. and 266 from Harrisburg.
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