USA > Pennsylvania > A gazetteer of the state of Pennsylvania : a part first, contains a general description of the state, its situation and extent, general geological construction, canals, and rail-roads, bridges, revenue, expenditures, public debt, &c. &c. ; part second, embraces ample descriptions of its counties, towns, cities, villages, mountains, lakes, rivers, creeks, &c. alphabetically arranged > Part 14
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Beaver creek, Blockley t-ship, Phil. co. rises in and near Hamilton, and flows about 2 ms. to the r. Schuylkill, near the new alms house.
Beaver creek t-ship, Venango co. bounded N. by Elk creek, E. by Paint creek, S. E. and S. by Clarion r. and W. by Richland t-ship. Cen- trally distant S. E. from Franklin 20 ms. Greatest length, 11, breadth 9
ms. Area, 44,800 acres ; surface rolling. Soil, limestone. Taxable pop. in 1830, 115. The r. receives from the t-ship Beaver creek, Dier Paint creek, and Canoe run. The turnpike road to Franklin crosses the N. E. angle. Salt springs are found on the banks of the r. and several salt works are erected.
Beaver county was created by act 12th March, 1800, which provided that those parts of Allegheny and Washington cos. included within the following boundaries, should form the new co. of Beaver, viz. " beginning at the mouth of Big Sewickly creek on the Ohio r. thence up the said creek to the west line of Alexander's dis- trict of depreciation lands ; thence northerly along the said line, and con-
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tinuing the same course to the N. line of the first donation district ; thence westerly along the said line to the western boundary of the state, thence S. along the said boundary, across the Ohio r. to a point in the said boun- dary, from which a line to be run at right angles eastwardly, will strike White's mill on Raccoon creek, and from such point along the said E. line to the said mill, leaving the said mill in the county of Beaver ; thence on a straight line to the mouth of Big Se- wickly creek, the place of beginning." By an act of 28th September, 1791, the governor was instructed to sur- vey 200 acres of land in town lots, near the mouth of Beaver creek, on or near the ground where the old French town stood, and also 1000 acres adjoining, on the upper side thereof, as nearly square as might be, in out lots, not less than five nor more than ten acres each. This was the town of Beaver. And by the 17th section of the act of 1791, 500 acres of the lands reserved by the state near this town were granted for the use of such school or academy as might be thereafter established by law. By the same act, the new county for the pur- poses of government was annexed to Allegheny co. By the act of 21st Feb. 1803, trustees were appointed for the school lands, with authority to lease them, and erect buildings for a school, and to receive grants or dona- tions therefor. By the act 2d April, 1803, the county was fully organized for judicial and other purposes. It is bounded N. by Meroer co. W. by the state of Ohio, S. by Washington co. and E. by Allegheny and Butler cos. Length N. and S. 34, breadth E. and W. 19 ms. Area, 646 sq. ms. Cen- tral lat. 40° 50' N., long. 3º 20' W. from W. C.
This county belongs to the secon- dary geological formation ; the strata throughout lying horizontal, and pre- serving that uniformity which distin- guishes the great valley W. of the Allegheny mountains. The mineral deposits here have been very partially
explored. Yet iron ore of the various kinds has been found in many parts ; and sulphur and alum in various states of combination. Limestone and bi- tuminous coal may be had in every neighborhood. Mineral springs are common, but insufficiently tested. One, however, near Frankford, the S. W. corner of the county, has ob- tained some celebrity, and is resorted to in the season of drinking the water, it is said with great advantage, by per- sons laboring under chronic diseases and general debility. Careful analy- sis has determined that this water con- tains carbonic acid gas, carbonate of
iron and magnesia, muriate of soda, and sulphuretted hydrogen gas. Salt water has been found in several places ; and two or more salt works have been erected, wells having been sunk to the depth of 4 or 500 feet.
The county is well watered. The Ohio r. enters it about 14 ms. below Pittsburg, and pursues a northern course for about 12 ms. where receiv- ing Big Beaver creek it turns S. W. and crosses the co. by that course 15 ms. receiving the Big Sewickly and Raccoon creeks. The Big Beaver r. is formed by the union of the Maho- ning and Shenango rs. on the line dividing North Beaver from Shenango t-ship. in the N. W. part of the co. whence it flows southerly and cen- trally about 25 ms. to the Ohio. Lit- tle Beaver creek rises in Big Beaver t-ship ; and after a devious course, part of which is in the state of Ohio, it flows into the Ohio r. on the state line. The Big Beaver creek receives from the E. the Slippery Rock, and the Conequenessing creeks, which, arriv- ing from the N. E. and S. E. unite in North Sewickly t-ship, and also some less considerable streams.
There is a fine bridge across the Big Beaver, near its mouth, more than 600 feet in length, said to be one of the finest specimens of bridge archi- tecture in the state. There is also a bridge worthy of note, over the Slip- pery Rock creek, a short distance above its junction with the Conequenessing.
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The portion of the county S. of the Ohio, and a district extending 10 ms. N. of that river have generally a hilly surface, interspersed with fine bottoms, and large tracts of level and rolling land, admirably adapted for grain and grazing farms; and particularly for raising sheep. Many thousands of these useful animals may be kept here, the soil and situation being congenial to their nature. The mulberry and the vine grow here luxuriantly, and in many places spontaneously. Fruit trees of the species proper to the climate thrive, especially upon the hill sides. The northern part of the county has generally a level or gen- tly undulating surface, with some high lands, and many fertile vales, adapted to corn, hemp and grass. There is here also a due proportion of upland of the best quality, suitable to the cul- ture of wheat, rye, barley, oats, and all the variety of agricultural purposes. Cultivation is yet one half short of the extent to which it may be carried and the product is double the quantity neces- sary for the consumption of the inhabi- tants. The timber is very plentiful, consisting of the several species of oak, ash, sugar maple, walnut, syca- amore, &c. &c.
Thirty-three years ago, two thirds of the county was a wilderness, with- out a white inhabitant. Most of the first settlers " began the world" with small families, and small capitals ; and endured cheerfully the labors and pri- vations incident to new settlements. The comforts, and in some cases the very necessaries of life were brought from a great distance, over almost impas- sable roads, at exorbitant prices or by a ruinous expenditure of time. Under such circumstances the progress of in)- provement was for some years incvi- tably slow ; but the primary difficul- ties having been in a great measure surmounted, it now advances with rap- id pace. The forest is subdued, and the surface of the country prepared for tillage, a large portion of the arable land being already cleared ; and in some|
places the destruction of the timber has been excessive.
The capacity of the county for commerce and manufactures is extra- ordinary. The Allegheny and Mo- nongahela rivers afford means of in- tercourse with the N. and S. E. for several hundred miles ; the S. and the W. are approachable by the Ohio, and its connectives ; the state canal connects it with the castern cities, and the Bea- ver division, when completed, will give access to the state of Ohio, the Ohio canal and to the lakes. The canal on the Beaver division was commenced in pursuance of the act of 21st March, 1831, requiring the canal commission- ers to make a canal or slack-water navigation, to be made from the Ohio r. at the mouth of Big Beaver creek, up that creek, to the town of New- castle ; and appropriating the sum of $100,000 to be expended thereon. The length of this work, which extends a short distance upon the Shenango creek, is 242 m .; of which there are 8 ms. 16 perches of canal, and 16 ms. and 224 perches of slack-water and towing path. The contracts on it were let the 20th of July and the 19th of Oct. 1831. There are on it 7 dams, varying from 7 to 14 feet in height, 2 aqueducts and 17 guard and lift locks, overcoming a rise of 132 feet. The 2 outlet locks are 25 feet wide, and 120 feet long within the chambers, and designed to admit the smaller class of steamboats that ply on the Ohio, in- to the pool of the first dam, for the ac- commodation of the trade of the town of Beaver, and the flourishing villages on the banks and near the mouth of the creek, and the extensive manufac- tories propelled by the water taken from the Beaver falls. The cost of this division of the Penn. canal is es- timated at $335,317. The commis- sioners expect to complete it by Dec. 1832. A rail road from Pittsburg through the Beaver valley, to connect with the Ohio canal has been projected.
Within a few years, extensive man- ufactories have sprung up, in which
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wool, cotton, iron, rags and wood are manufactured into articles of primary importance. These are chiefly on the Big Beaver, and are driven by the power obtained from the falls, which is very great, and little variable. (See Big Beaver river.) There are here also 7 merchant grist mills, having from 2 to 4 run of stones.
In the year 1830 the business of steam and keel boat building carried on at the mouth of the Big Beaver creek exceeded $50,000.
At Economy (see that title) the manufacture of wool and cotton is ex- tensively prosecuted by steam power, with machinery of the latest improve- ment, and kept in the best order. The culture and manufacture of silk, has been successfully attempted here; and the result affords the most flattering inducements to similar enterprizes, since Mr. Rapp, the actuary of the Economy society, avers that "adhering to the instructions given in books treat- ing on the culture and manufacture of silk, he found no difficulty in keep- ing the worms healthy, in unwinding or reeling the silk or weaving it." And thus encouraged, the society have de- voted themselves to this employment, have made extensive plantations of the white mulberry and have some millions of spinsters at work. Their silk cloths are remarkable for their firmness and lustre, and are earnestly sought for at prices which amply re- pay the manufacture. It will be a cause of national regret, should the late commotions in the society impede the progress of this new and interest- ing branch of industry.
'The principal towns are Beaver bo- rough, the county town Economy, Fallstown, Brighton and New Brigh- ton, Sharon, Bridgewater, Mount Jack- son, Griersburg, Georgetown, Frank- ford, and Hookstown.
'The county was settled by inhabi- itants from other parts of Pennsylva- nia, and from the north of Ireland, and by the census of 1830 the popula- tion was 24,206, averaging 37 and a fraction to the square mile. Of these,
there were white males 12,232 ; fe- males 11,833 ; free black males 81 ; females 60; aliens 153; deaf and dumb 6 ; blind 9. In 1800 the popu- lation was 5,776, in 1810 12,168, in 1820, 15,340. The people are reli- gious, orderly and thrifty. There are in the county 25 churches; of which 8 are Presbyterian, 6 Seceders, 5 Methodists, 2 Episcopalians, 2 Bap- tists, 2 Quakers. There are bible, missionary and tract societies, and the system of Sunday schools is generally adopted, in situations that admit of them.
There is one academy at Beaver bo- rough, before noticed, and another at Griersburg, located at the junction of Big Beaver, Little Beaver, South Bea- ver, and Chippewa townships, which was incorporated in 1806, and receiv- ed from the State a donation of $600. Common schools are established in every vicinity, sufficient in number to teach the children the rudiments of an English education.
There are two weekly newspapers published in the town of Beaver, viz. " The Republican," and the " Argus."
The price of improved lands on the rich Ohio bottoms, varies from 4 to 30 dollars the acre, and may be stated to average $12. In other parts of the county improved land may be purchas- ed at from 4 to 6 dollars per acre and unimproved lands of excellent quality at 4 dollars.
Beaver county belongs to the 23d senatorial district, including Crawford and Mercer counties, sending 1 mem- ber to the senate ; and alone it sends 2 members to the house of representa- tives; united with Allegheny, Butler, and Armstrong counties it forms the 16th congressional district of the state. And connected with Butler and Alle- gheny, it constitutes the 5th judicial district. Charles Shaler, Esq. Presi- dent. It forms part of the western district of the supreme court, which holds an annual session at Pittsburg on the first Monday in September.
This county paid to the state treas- ury in 1831, for tax on writs $200 79 ;
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tavern licenses 600 ; duties on dealers | in 1829 was $1,609,427 ; in 1814, as. in foreign mdz. 350; state maps 3 75 ; adjusted by the committee of ways and means of the house of representatives, the value was 1,667,805. total $1,154 54. The taxable real estate returned by the commissioners
STATISTICAL TABLE OF BEAVER COUNTY.
Townships, &c.
Greatest Lth. [Bth.
Area in Acres.
Surface of Country.
Soil.
1810
1820
1830
Taxa. bles.
Griersburg,
Beaver, North,
8
6
23,680 Undulating. Loam, Lime.
932
146 1206
1892
343
Beaver, Big,
7
5
17,280
Do. Do.
702
742
1243
223
Beaver, Little,
9
53 25,600
Hilly. Rolling. Hilly. Level. Hilly. Do. Do.
Do. Alluvial. Loam, Lime. Do. Do.
426
605
914
186
Beaver Borough,
738
901
225
Chippewa,
7
5
15,360
443
580
100
*Fallstown,
6
5$ 23,680
Loam.
1245
1194
1709
284
*Economy,
1090
1147
2359
308
Hopewell,
8
6
22,400
Do. Loam, Lime. Loam. Do. Loam.
1128
1075
1122
201
Shenango,
12
6
37,120
Loam, Lime. Loam.
878
1367
1902
257
Sewickly, North,
93
83 47,360
Loam, Lime.
1323
1774
2475
412
12, 168 |15,340 24,206
4208
Fallstown and Economy t-ships are taken from New Sewickly, and as the precise boundaries are unknown to us, we do not attempt to give their lengthi, breadth, or area. Many t-ships of 1820 were not formed in 1810.
Beaver, or Big Beaver river ; Big Beaver is formed by the Mahoning, Shenango, Neshanock and Coneque- messing creeks. The Shenango rises in Ashtabula co. of Ohio and Craw- ford co. Penn. within 12 ms. of the S. E. shore of lake Erie, in- terlocking sources with those of the Grand rivers, Coneaut and French creeks, and pursuing a nearly S. course, over Mercer, receives the Conequenessing from the N. E. and entering Beaver co. unites with the Mahoning and forms Big Beaver r.
The Mahoning is in reality the main branch, rising in Columbiana, Stark, Trumbull and Portage cos. Ohio ; its course is first nearly N. 30 ms. to near Warren, in Trumbull; winding to the S. E. it pursues that course 33 ms. entering Penn. in the S. W. an- gle of Mercer and joining the Shenan- go N. lat. 41°, about 2 ms. within
Beaver co. Below the junction of the Mahoning and Shenango, Big Beaver flows a little E. of S. 20 ms. into the Ohio r.
'The valley of the Big Beaver is near- ly circular and about 70 ms. in diam- eter, area 3850 sq-ms. It is worthy of remark that the general courses are nearly on a direct N. W. line ; of the Youghiogheny below the mouth of Cas- tlemans river, Monongahela and Ohio, from the mouth of Youghiogheny to that of Big Beaver; and the latter and Mahoning to about 3 ms. above Warren. This range of navigable water is upwards of 130 ms. direct, and from 180 to 200 ms. following the sinuosities of the streams.
The sources of the Mahoning inter- lock with those of the Tuscarawas branch of the Muskingum, and of Cay- ahoga, and Grand rivers of lake Erie. The falls of this river, which afford
1035
1492
272
Moon,
7
63 23,680
1035
826
1360
226
Ohio,
73
53 19,840
679
1098
1907
308
Sewickly, New,
7
53 17,920
800
829
174
Beaver, South,
1379 1351
1144
1825
33€
Brighton,
63
6
17,280
386
Green,
1220
356
Hanover,
8
5
24,960
Rolling. Hilly. Rolling. Hilly. Do. Rolling. Do. Hilly. Rolling.
Population.
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admirable sites for mill works, com- mence about 5 ms. above its conflu- ence with the Ohio; and consist of a succession of rapids, with a few and comparatively small perpendicular pitches for about & of that distance. The valley of the river here, is about half a mile wide, bounded by high and in many places perpendicular hills, and the channel, from 4 to 500 feet, of continued solid rock. At the head of the falls the river takes a S. E. course, which it pursues until turned by a bold and rocky precipice, around which it circles to the S. leaving on the W. shore, a plain of from 20 to 60 feet above the surface of the water .- Checked in its progress to the S. E. it is turned to the S. W. against the western hills, leaving on the eastern shore a margin similar to that above noticed ; but again arrested in its course, it gradually resumes the gen- eral direction to the S. dividing the valley so as to admit the occupancy of both banks. The courses of the stream offer every facility for its em- ployment, and the level plains present convenient, healthy and agreeable sites for work-shops and dwellings.
The plain on the W. near the head of the falls affords ample space for a manufacturing town. Its aspect is to the S. F. gently inclined to the water's edge. 'The water may be taken from the river at any desirable point, with a fall of 22 feet, and in any quantity short of the whole volume of the stream. At the S. end of this plain is the village of Brighton, which is rapidly improv- ing. The proprietor, (Mr. Patterson,) an experienced and enterprising man- ufacturer, is making extensive im- provements. The commissioners ap- pointed under an act of congress, after due examination of the prominent sites for water-works in West Pennsylva- nia, Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee, Indiana, and Ohio, gave this a decid- ed preference.
Below, and on the opposite side of the river is the village of New Brigh- ton, whose situation is not inferior in any respect to that above described.
The borough of Fallstown is on the W. bank, near the termination of the rap- ids, properly called the falls of Beaver. A little lower down, on the same side, are the villages of Sharon and Bridge- water. Near the mouth of the river, is the Beaver bridge, with its piers and abutments based on solid rock, and which, as a specimen of bridge archi- tecture, is said to be unrivalled in Pennsylvania. At the point is "Stone's Harbor," one of the safest and most commodious on the Ohio r. It is the principal depot for the trade passing up and down the valley of Beaver, and to and from the western reserve, &c. in the state of Ohio.
The whole amount of the fall here is 75 feet. A dam of 8 feet at the head of the falls would give a head and fall of 65 feet. The volume of water during the greater part of the year is so great, that it will probably ever exceed the quantity required for manufacturing purposes. At low wa- ter, it is estimated that the power of the stream is sufficient to drive 168 pairs of 5 feet burr stones. By an act of 31st March, 1831, the legislature authorized a canal, or slack-water navigation to be made from the Ohio, at the mouth of Big Beaver, up that stream to the town of Newcastle, con- sisting of 16 ms. 224 perches of slack water, and 8 ms. and 16 perches of ca- nal, and estimated to cost $335,317 83 cents. 22 ms. and 240 perches have been put under contract.
Beaver creek, usually called Little Beaver, to distinguish it from Big Bea- ver, is an excellent mill stream of Co. lumbiana co. O. ; which after a course of S. E. about 30 ms. falls into the Ohio r. within the borders of Penn. It re- ceives from Beaver co. a considerable branch also called Little Beaver creek, which, rising in Little Beaver t-ship, flows around the t-ship, and falls into the main stream in the State of Ohio.
Beaver Little, t-ship, Beaver co. Pop. 1810, 1379, in 1820, 1144, in 1830, 1825. Bounded N. by N. Bea. ver, E. by Big Beaver, S. by S. Bea. ver, and W. by the state of Ohio,
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Centrally distant from Beaver borough 14 ms. Greatest length 9, breadth 5} ms. Area, 25,600 acres; surface, rolling ; soil, fertile loam and lime. stone of the first quality. It is drain- ed by a branch of the Little Beaver creek, which rises in the N. W. angle of the t-ship, and flows across it and along the E. and S. boundary. Thep-t. of Griersburg lies on this stream in the S. E. angle of the t-ship, 263 ms. from W. C. and 241 from Harrisburg.
Beaver North, t-ship, Beaver co. Pop. in 1810, 932, in 1820, 1206, in 1830, 1892; taxables, 343. It is
bounded N. by Mercer co. E. by Ma- honing and Beaver rs. S. by Big and Little Beaver t-ships, and W. by the · state of Ohio. Centrally distant from
Beaver borough 20 ms. Greatest length 8, breadth 6 ms. Area, 23,680 acres ; surface, undulating; soil, loam and limestone of the first quality. Hickory creek flows E. and near the N. line into the Mahoning. On it is the p-t. of Mount Jackson, 22 ms. N. W. of Beaver borough, 275 from W. . C. 243 from Harrisburg.
Beaver creek, Dauphin co. rises in the Blue mtn. and flows S. about 9 ms. to the Swatara creek, dividing Lower Paxton t-ship from Hanover. it has some mills upon it near its mouth.
Beaver run, on the N. line of U. Chanceford t-ship, York co. flows N. E. into Fishing creek.
Beaver creek, a tributary of the Conewago, rises and has its course in Warrington t-ship, York co.
Beaver creek, Manheim t-ship, Schuylkill co. a tributary of the W. branch of the Schuylkill r. which flows into it, about a mile above the conflu- ence of the latter with the main stream.
Beaver creek, Brandywine t-ship, Chester co. flows through East Caln t-ship, into the E. branch of the Bran- dywine r. a short distance above Downingstown. It has several mills upon it.
Beaver run, E. Nantmeal t-ship, Chester co. a mill strcam and tributa- ry of French creek.
Bedford co. was taken by act of 9th March, 1771, from Cumberland co. and embraced the country within the following limits. Beginning where the province line crosses the Tuscarora mountain, and running along the sum- mit of that mountain to the gap near the head of the Path valley ; thence with a N. line to the Juniata ; thence with that river to the mouth of Shaver's creek, thence N. E. to the line of Berks co. ; thence along the line N. W. to the W. boundary of the pro- vince ; thence S. according to the sev- eral courses of that boundary to the S. W. corner of the province ; and from thence E. with the S. line of the pro- vince to the place of beginning. But this very extensive area has been great- ly reduced by the successive erections of Westmoreland, Huntingdon and So- merset counties. And it is now bound- ed N. by Huntingdon and E. by Frank- lin counties, S. by the state of Mary- land, and W. by Somerset and Cam- bria counties. Greatest length N. and S. about 44 miles ; greatest breadth E. and W. about 34 miles; arca 1520 square miles.
The surface of the country is very mountainous. The Cove and Tusca- rora mountains are on the E. ; pro- ceeding thence W. we cross Scrub Hill, Sideling Hill, Town Hill, Clear Ridge, Warrior Ridge, Tussey's moun- tain, Evitt's or Dunning's mountain, Will's mountain, Buffalo ridge, and the Allegheny mountain. Beside these principal hills there are many not suffi- ciently important to receive names ; consequently the country is much brok- en and stony, and a great proportion of its soil is ungrateful to the cultivator. But, between these lofty ridges are de- lightful valleys, in which are large and fertile farms, comfortable houses, heal- thy and prolific familes, and abundance of the comforts of life. In many of these valleys there is fine limestone land, well cultivated. Those in which
Beaver gap, a pass in Tussey's mountain, from Hopewell t-ship to Woodbery t-ship, Bedford co. A stream which passes through the gap is McConnelstown, Friends cove, and is called Beaver run.
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Morrison's cove are particularly rich || by emigrants from other parts of the and fertile. The latter more especial- ly, in the vicinity of Martinsburg, is said to be one of the richest districts in the state. The average price of im- proved lands of the best quality in the county is $30 per acre. Mountain lands sell at from 25 to 50 cents.
The timber is chiefly white oak, chestnut, hickory, pine and sugar ma- ple.
Rivers, &c. The streams of this county flow in various directions. Yet those on the S. seek the Potomac through the state of Maryland, whilst those from the middle and northern parts of the county, flow into the Ju- niata r. The principal is the Rays- town branch of the Juniata, which, rising at the eastern foot of the great Allegheny mtns. runs E. by the town of Bedford to the centre of the county, whence being turned northward at the Big Bend, by the Cove mtn. it runs N. and N. E. to unite with the Franks- town branch about three miles below the town of Huntingdon. It receives in its course from the S. Buffalo creek, Shaver's creek, Cove creek, Clear creek, and Brush creek ; from the N. W. Dunning's and Yellow creeks. The chief tributaries from this coun- ty to the Potomac are Will's, Evitt's, Flintstone, Town, Sideling Hill, Con- oloway's and Licking creeks.
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