USA > Pennsylvania > A gazetteer of the state of Pennsylvania : a part first, contains a general description of the state, its situation and extent, general geological construction, canals, and rail-roads, bridges, revenue, expenditures, public debt, &c. &c. ; part second, embraces ample descriptions of its counties, towns, cities, villages, mountains, lakes, rivers, creeks, &c. alphabetically arranged > Part 68
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Plymouth, village and post town, Plymouth t-ship, Luzerne co., pleas- antly situated on the bank of the Sus- quehannah river, about four miles S. W. of Wilkesbarre.
Plymouth, t-ship, Montgomery co., bounded N. by Whitpaine, E. by Whitemarsh, S. by the river Schuyl- kill and W. by Norriton t-ships ; greatest length, 4 ms .; greatest breadth 3 miles ; area, 6,720 acres. Central distance from Philadelphia 14 miles ; surface, rolling ; soil, limestone. The township is famed for the quantity and excellent quality of its lime, and for its marble, with which it supplies the surrounding country and the Philadel- phia market. It is principally inhab- ited by Quakers, who have a meeting house near its eastern boundary, be- tween the Ridge and Germantown turnpikes, which run through the t-ships, around which a little village, containing ten or twelve houses, two
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stores, and a boarding school for fe- ||face, mountainous ; soil, gravel and males, has been constructed. Pop. in 1830, 1091 ; taxables in 1828, 228.
Pohopoko mountain. (See Pokono mountain.)
Pohopoko creek, rises in Tobyhanna t-ship, Northampton co., and flows southerly to a junction with Hcad's creek, in Towamensing t-ship, where the united streams form the " Big creek."
Pocopson creek, a tributary of the Brandywine river, rises in Newlin t-ship, Chester co., and flows easterly five miles to its recipient. It has sev- eral mills upon it.
Point, t-ship, Northumberland co., bounded N. partly by Chilisquaque t-ship, and partly by Columbia county, which also bounds it on the east, S. by the north branch, and W. by the west branch of the Susquehannah river. Centrally distant N. of Sunbury about five miles ; greatest length, 11} ms .; breadth, 4 miles ; area, 1,704 acres ; surface, very hilly ; soil, alluvial and gravel. Pop. in 1830, 987 ; taxables, 327 .. Montour's ridge fills a greater part of the t-ship. Lodge's run cross- es it centrally into the west branch. The borough of Northumberland lies in the forks of the Susquehannah, and is the post town.
Point Pleasant, post town of Tini- cum t-ship, Bucks co., on the river Delaware and on the lower road to Easton, about 14 miles N. E. from Doylestown, 177 from Washington, and 126 from Harrisburg ; contains eight or ten houses, store and tavern.
Poketos creek, rises in Washington t-ship, Westmoreland co., and flows N. W. about nine miles to the Alle- gheny river, forming the N. E. boun- dary of Plumb t-ship, which it divides from Westmoreland.
Pokono, township, Northampton co. bounded northeast by Pike co., S. E. by Hamilton and Stroud t-ships, S.W. by Chesnut Hill, and N. W. by To- byhanna t-ships. It has its name from the Pokono mountain, which extends centrally across it. Greatest length, 12 miles ; greatest width, 7 ms. ; sur-
barren. Pop. in 1830, 564 ; taxables in 1828, 94. It is drained by the west branch of Broadhead's creek and by Sullivan's, Pokono and McMichael's creeks. The post office of the t-ship called Mount Pokono is 221 miles N. E. from W. C., and 122 from Harris- burg.
Pokono mountain, is the second in range and parallel to the Blue moun- tain, and distant from it from 7 to 10 miles. It is more broken and irregular than the Blue mtn., and bears several local names. Near the Lehigh river it is called Pohopoko, west of the riv- er for several miles the Mahoning, and in another part on both sides of the Lchigh it is without a name. It cross- es and gives name to a township in Northampton county.
Pokono creek, rises in the Pokono mountain, and flows easterly through several townships, and by Stroudsburg to the Delaware, a short distance above Dutotsburg, and turns many mills in its course.
Pond creek, a stream of Covington t-ship, Luzerne co., which rises north west of, and flows through Beaver lake, by a course of about 4 miles, in- to the Lehigh river.
Port Carbon, Norwegian t-ship, Schuylkill county, a post town and village, which has been created by the coal trade. It was laid out in the spring of 1829, and has been enlarged by additions made by Messrs. Lawton, Rhoads, Swift, Pott, Patterson and McCoombs. At that period there was a single house on the site, com- pletely surrounded with woods. At the time of taking the census in 1830, it contained about one hundred dwell- ing houses, 912 inhabitants, several stores and taverns. In the syncope which followed the extreme excitement in the coal region, many of the houses are at present, 1832, without tenants ; some of them unfinished, and falling to decay. But the site has many ad- vantages for a town and as the shipping port for a large and rich coal region, must have considerable business. It
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lies at the confluence of Mill creek | with the Schuylkill river, and upon the head of the navigation of the latter. The pool here gives great facilities for lading places, which are connected with the coal mines on both sides of the river, by rail ways ; the chief of which are, the Mill creek road, and the Schuylkill valley road. The former extends up Mill creek about 4 miles, and has cost about 4000 dollars. It has connected with it about three miles of lateral roads which cost about $2000 per mile. The latter terminates at Tuscarora,a distance of 10 ms. There are 15 lateral roads which intersect it, making together about 10 miles more. The main branch cost 55,000 dollars, and the laterals are estimated at about 20,000 dollars. Among the buildings at Port Carbon, the seat of Mr. Law- ton, and the warehouse of Messrs. Wetherill and Swift, are worthy of attention. A daily stage passes from Pottsville through Port Carbon, by the way of the Schuylkill valley rail road, by Tamaqua to Mauch Chunk. Nine- teen miles of this route are by rail roads. (See Schuylkill valley and rail road.) The town is ten miles by the road N. E. of Orwigsburg ; 177 from W. C., and 69 from Harrisburg.
Port Clinton, a post town laid out in 1829, in Brunswick t-ship, Schuyl- kill co., at the confluence of the Lit- tle Schuylkill with the main stream, above the Water gap in the Blue mountain. The Little Scuylkill rail road extends from this place along the river N. E. about 23 miles into the coal fields of the Tuscarora and Mauch Chunk mountain, and the Schuylkill canal runs thro' the town. Its increase and prosperity depend on the progress of the coal trade in this quarter. The country around it is mountainous and sterile. The town is 7 miles S. E. from Orwigsburg, 160 N. from W. C., and 60 E. from Har- risburg.
Port Lyon,now called Dauphin, a vil- lage on the Susquehannah river, at the mouth of Stoney creek,in Middle Pax- ton t-ship, Dauphin co., about 8 miles
N. of Harrisburg, contains 12 dwell- ings, 2 stores, a tavern and post office. (See Dauphin.)
Port Johnson, a small town in the north angle of Derry t-ship, at the confluence of the Conemaugh and Loy - alhanna rs., nearly opposite to Saltz- burg, and 16 miles N. E. of Greens- burg. Salt springs are found on both sides of the Conemaugh river.
Port Royal, post village of South Huntingdon t-ship, Westmoreland co., on the right bank of the Youghiogheny river, 16 miles S. W. of Greensburg ; contains 3 or 4 dwellings and a store.
Porter, t-ship, Huntingdon county, bounded N. E. by West t-ship, E. by Henderson t-ship,S. E. by Union t-ship, S. W. by Hopewell, W. by Wood- bury, and N. W. by Morris t-ships. Centrally distant west from Hunting- don borough 5 miles ; greatest length 16, breadth 9 miles ; area, 17,920 acres ; surface, mountainous ; soil, al- luvial in valleys. Pop. in 1830, 1132; taxables, 220. The Raystown branch of the Juniata river flows between Ter- race mountain and Allegripus ridge, in the south west part of the t-ship ; and the Frankstown branch through the north, and on the east line, uniting about three miles below the town of Smithfield, which lies on the west bank of the latter, opposite to Hunt- ingdon ; from which a turnpike road leading to Frankstown runs N. W. over Warrior ridge by the town of Al- exandria. McConnelsburg lies at the S. W. foot of that ridge, and Harts- log valley runs N. between that ridge and Tussey's mountain, on the west boundary of the t-ship. Vineyard creek flows N. E. between Warrior and Allegripus ridges. There were in the t-ship in 1828, 1 grist mill, 3 saw mills, 6 distilleries, 1 tanyard and 1 carding machine.
Portersville, post town, Butler coun- ty, 252 miles from W. C., and 220 from Harrisburg, in Muddy Creek t-ship; contains 8 or 10 dwellings, 1 tavern and I store.
Potter county was formerly part of Lycoming, and was separated from it
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by act of assembly of 26th March, [[ to 29 souls only ; in 1820, to 186, and 1804. It is yet unorganized for judi- cial purposes. The act which separ- ated it from Lycoming re-annexed it to that county for judicial and clective purposes. But the act of 27th March, 1824, which organized Mckean coun- ty for judicial purposes, annexed Pot- ter to that county, to which it is now appurtenant.
The county lies within the great western geological formation, and has the same surface, soil and minerals which characterize Western Pennsyl- vania. It consists of high and extensive table land, deeply indentated by the channels of the waters, which, rising near the centre of the county, flow from it in all directions. The Alle- gheny has its source here and flows N. W. through Mckean county into New York. The primary springs of the Tioga river send forth their streams also into New York, whilst the Genesee river, supplied by Rose lake, drains the intermediate space, and pursues its course northward to lake Ontario. Pine creek, Kettle creek, the Sinnemahoning and the Drift wood branches of the west branch of the Susquehannah river flow south- ward. But the first creek flows east- ward from this into Tioga co. The country is yet almost a desert, there being scarce an inhabitant for every six hundred acres of its area. The population is much scattered, and de- pends still in some measure for sub- sistence on the game of the forest ; so much, indeed, that in 1828 the cit. izens petitioned the legislature to pro- hibit by law all persons except actual residents, or the holders of lands, hous- es or tenements, in the county, from killing deer therein,-a request which, on sound and general principles, was refused. The soil is universally loam, mingled, in the valleys of the rivers, with much vegetable mould. And the timber, consisting of oak, walnut, su- gar maple, beach, white pine, &c. is abundant and large. Coal and iron are found in many places.
The population amounted in 1810
in 1830, to 1265. The returns do not apportion this sum among the several t-ships. Taxables in 1828, 247. The value of taxable property was esti- mated by the assessment of 1829, seat- ed lands at $40,289; unscated lands at $431,931 ; and personal property including occupations at $4,397.
Coudersport, the county town, and the only town of the county, does not contain more than a dozen dwellings of every description. So little indeed is the county known or visited, that its very representatives in the assem- bly have scarce traversed it. It forms a part of the 9th congressional dis- trict, composed of the counties of Un- ion, Northumberland, Columbia, Lu- zerne, Susquehannah, Bradford, Ly- coming, Potter and Mckean. With Lycoming, Centre, Clearfield and Mc Kean it constitutes the 13th senatorial district, sending one member to the senate ; and with Lycoming and Mc Kean it sends two members to the house of representatives. McKean and Potter counties for judicial purpos- es, form but one county, and by the act of 27th March, 1824, they are an- nexed to the 13th judicial district, of which Susquehannah, Bradford and Tioga counties form the remaining part. The courts are directed to be holden on the Mondays next following the week in which the courts are held in the county of Tioga.
Authority has been given for mak- ing a turnpike road across the county from Centre county,and through the t. of Coudersport. The county is divided into five t-ships, viz. Eulalia, Wharton, Harrison, Sweden, and Roulet.
This county paid into the state treasury, in the year 1831, for tavern licenses $9 50, and for duties on deal- ers in foreign mdze. $19.
Potter, t-ship, Centre co., bounded N. by Miles t-ship, N. E. by Hains t-ship, S. E. by Juniata co., S. W. by Ferguson t-ship, and N. W. by Spring t-ship. Centrally distant S. E. from Bellefonte 10 miles ; greatest length 11, breadth 10 miles; arca, 53,760
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acres ; surface, mountainous ; soil in the valleys, limestone. Pop. in 1830, 1872 ; taxables, 372. The turnpike road from Lewistown to Bellefonte runs northwest through the t-ship, up- on which is a post office at Potter's mills, in George's valley, and another in Penn's valley, near Earleysburg ; distant from W . C. 178 miles, and from Harrisburg 71.
Potts Grove, post village of Chilis- quaqe t-ship, Northumberland co.,near the Chilisquaque creek, 8 miles N.W. of Sunbury, 174 from W. C., and 67 from Harrisburg ; contains some 12 or 15 dwellings, store and tavern.
Potts Grove, t-ship, Montgomery county, bounded N. E. by Douglass and New Hanover t-ships, S. E. by Limerick, south by the river Schuyl- kill, W. and N. W. by Berks county. Greatest length 54 miles, main breadth 4 miles ; area, 11,692 acres. It is watered by the Manntawny creek, which flows through its south west angle by Sprogel's run and other small streams. Potts Grove village and post town lies on the Reading turnpike road, and near to the Schuylkill river, 36 miles from Philadelphia, besides which there is a small village in the t-ship, called Glasgow. Surface, hilly; soil, red shale. Pop. in 1830, 1302 ; taxables in 1828, 252.
Potts Grove or Pottstown, borough and p-town, Potts Grove t-ship, Mont- gomery county, on the Reading turn- pike road and near the river Schuyl- kill, 37 miles north west of Philadel- phia, and 20 from Norristown, 163 N. E. from W. C., and 68 E. from Har- risburg. This village is beautifully situated, principally on one broad street. The houses are of stone, brick and frame, and surrounded by gar- dens. The Manatawny creek at the west end of the town drives some ex- cellent flour mills, and the Schuylkill canal affords the means of obtaining grain in abundance, and of transport- ing the flour to market. There are in the town between 80 and 100 dwell- ings, 1 mill, 4 stores, 4 taverns and 2 churches.Pop.in 1830, 676; taxables in
|1828, 141. The t. was incorporated by act of assembly of 6th Feb. 1815.
Pottsville, post town and borough, Norwegian t-ship, Schuylkill county. This very handsome town has become famous by the extraordinary rapidity of its growth, and the great extent of speculation connected with it and its vicinity. In 1824, the site of the town had but 5 houses erected upon it. In 1828 the number had increased to 75, and in June 1831, it was 535, of which there were 62 brick, 68 stone, and 405 frame ; seventy stores, of va- rious kinds. The public buildings consist of an Episcopal church, a meet- ing house, and a banking house for the " Miners' bank." The front of the latter is constructed of cast iron. There are several commodious tav- erns, and two very large and conven- ient hotels; the one erected by Mr. Seilzinger, and the other by Col. Shoemaker. And at Mount Carbon, which is a suburb and the port of the town, there 20 or 30 dwellings, sev- eral large and convenient warehouses. A large and elegant hotel, and range of stores, three stories high. Many of the buildings are very costly, and most of them neat. The town was in- corporated by act of 19th February, 1828.
The town of Pottsville, embracing Mount Carbon, which has been princi- pally improved by Mr. J. White, and Morrisville, an intervening cluster of buildings,commenees in a gorge of the Sharp mountain, through which the Schuylkill river finds its way. The central turnpike road which ran along the west side of the pass, furnished a ready paved street ; but sites for dwell- ings on a part of the road could be ob- tained only by digging into and level- ling the mountain,or by walling on the precipitous bank of the river. Above Mount Carbon, the ravine widens and gives a more commodious space for building between the Western hill and the Norwegian creek, which empties here into the Schuylkill river ; and the hill itself sinks so as to admit streets to be laid out and buildings to be erect-
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ed upon it. Between the forks of the streams is a flat of land which rises gently from water for a short distance, but soon attains a bolder swell. Up- on the Norwegian creek a considera- ble street is lined with buildings, but on the Schuylkill side, the buildings are more scattered, and the streets undefined.
At Mount Carbon there is a dam thrown across the river, by which a very convenient pool is obtained for lading the boats that ply on the canal. Above the dam a bridge is thrown over the pool ; above the bridge the canal divides. The east branch winds around the foot of the Sharp mountain and strikes the river some distance above Port Carbon ; the west branch is about 200 yards in length before it enters the river. From this dam the " Mount Carbon rail road" proceeds.
That road was projected as an out. let for the rich coal formations of the Norwegian creek valleys. The east and west branches of this stream rise at the foot of Mine hill, which is itself a vast body of coal, about a mile and a half apart, running parallel to it for a short distance. Thence they have a southerly course at right angles with . the general bearings of the coal veins, and cutting through their successive hills wind round to their confluence at the head of Pottsville ; from that point the joint streams have a south- erly course to the river at Mount Car- bon. The distance in a direct line from Mine hill to Sharp mountain is about 31 miles, the intervening space being filled up by coal hills, which, with their respective vallies, may be compared to the waves of the sea, sud- denly arrested in their course. Each of these hills contain one or more seams of coal, averaging eight feet in thickness, every cubic yard yielding a ton weight.
The rail road was commenced in October, 1829, by an incorporated company, and finished in September, 1831. It has 18 feet surface width, occupied by two tracks from the head of both branches to the main line, and
thence to the landings at MountCarbon, where a third track is added to facili- tate the turning off to the respective places of shipment. Each track is 4 feet 83 inches wide, with a horseway in the centre, strewed with broken stonc. At every 8 feet, a drain 18 inches in depth, filled with broken stone, crosses to the side ditchies ; the stone forming a bed on which the sleep- ers or tyes rest. On the sleepers, which are of oak, cheek blocks or cra- dies of the same material are treenail- ed, in which the rails rest, and are securely wedged, being thereby ele- vated above the part of the sleeper which crosses the horseway. In some places however the checks and sleep- ers form one piece. The rails are also of oak, and on the main line, on both tracks, are 6 inches by 10, and are also of that size on the heavy track on the branches ; but on the light or ascending track of the latter, the rails are 6 inches by 8. The rails are shod with iron bars 2 inches wide by three eighths in thickness, bevelled on the edge and having the nail holes counter sunk. Near the termination of the road at Mount Carbon it is sup- ported on stone piers, above the land- ings. At this point there are on the left, the mines of Messrs. Morris ; and on the opposite side of the river, on the " Lippencott and Richards" tract, the mines wrought by Mr. Baraclough. The road here leaves the Schuylkill at its junction with the Norwegian creek; streching up the valley of the latter and crossing its stream several times, it runs parallel with the Green- wood improvements, directly through Pottsville to the forks, a distance of 6,208 feet from the piers. Below the forks are the mines of Mr. McKech- ney,and several openings on land be- longing to D. I. Rhoads, Esq.
On the east branch, which is 14,200 fect in length, the first lateral above the forks belongs to the North Ameri- can company, and leads to their Centre- ville collieries, where they have twelve openings upon the celebrated Lewis [and Spohn veins. The coal obtained.
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here is in high estimation, and has|| the main road. This road is con- structed in a very substantial manner, at an expense of $11,000 the mile. (See Schuylkill co., Norwegian t-ship.)
greatly aided in establishing the rep- utation of the Schuylkill anthracite in the eastern markets. Beyond this point, the road passes through Benja- min Potts' lands and again strikes the Spohn vein at the east mines of the North American company. The Hillsborough tract is next on the right, on which are several openings ; thence the road diverges to the left, through the celebrated "Peach mountain tract" belonging to Mr. John White, and passes five openings made by him. Thence it continues by the " Rose hill tract" of Mr. L. Ellmaker, on which are several mines leased by Messrs. Warners, Wade and others, near the hamlet of Wadesville, a thriving lit- tle place laid out by Mr. Ellmaker. Above this town the lateral road from Capt. Wade's mine comes down. The main east branch terminates on the " Flowery field tract" of Messrs. Bon- sall, Wetherill and Cummings, which has been extensively worked by sev- eralindividuals.
The west branch commences at Marysville on the " Oak hill tract," and is 16,400 feet in length. On this estate are the mines leased by Messrs. Smith, Hart, Maxwell, Wade, Hall, Dennis, Gallagher and Martin ; among which are the celebrated Diamond and Oak hill veins. Here is a commodi- ous and pleasantly situated hotel, kept by Mr. Gallagher, at a sufficient dis- tance from Pottsville for a pleasant excursion. Below Oak hill are the Green park and Clinton tracts, the for- mer belonging to Mr. John White, and the latter to Mrs. Spohn. At Green park, there is one opening, un- der the direction of Mr. James Dill. Adjoining this is the Belmont estate also of Mr. White ; and next the Thou- ron tract, a portion of which has been purchased by Mr. B. Potts,-the Spohn vein passes through it. Contig. uous are the Spohn, Lewis, and Dun- can cstates. The rail road here pass- cs Mr. B. Potts saw mill and extends in a perfectly straight line, a mile in length, nearly to the junction with
The prosperity of Pottsville has been dependent in a great measure on the coal trade, the increase of which has been very extraordinary, and is yet progressing, as will appear by the following table of coal shipped to Phil- adelphia, since the year 1825, viz.
In 1825, 5,000
1826, 16,767
1827, 31,360
1828, 47,284
1829, 79,973
1830,
87,192
1831,
81,854
1832, to June 30, 60,000
Yet as the great proportion of the mining population will be provided for at or near the mines, and most proba- bly through their employers, the in- crease of the town may not be greatly promoted by the increase of the coal trade. But the citizens have another source of prosperity in view. The Schuylkill navigation, commencing here, forms an important link in the communication between the Delaware and Susquehannah, at Sunbury and Danville, arresting there the descend- ing trade of thenorth and west branch- es of the latter river, and forming the channel for the return supplies of the immense country watered by them. A rail road after actual survey, has been deemed practicable, at the cost of $11, 400 per mile, and the distance is about 45 miles. An act of assembly was passed in 1826, amended by another of 1828, authorizing the incorporation of a company, for constructing such road, which in point of distance, geo- graphical facilities, ease of construc- tion and convenience for trade,promis- es advantages said not to be enjoyed by any other route. The distance saved between Sunbury and Philadel- phia, by way of Columbia, being 16 miles, and by the Union canal 50 ms. Between Danville by the Columbia rail road 34 miles, and by the Union canal 66 miles. A company for ma-
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king this road has been formed,and the whole stock is subscribed, and the road is under contract. Pottsville must be- come the entrepot between the Sus- quehannah and the Delaware, and its commercial advantages may be great- er than its most speculative inhabit- ants have calculated. Two lines of stages run between Pottsville and Philadelphia daily. A line to Sunbu- ry and Danville, and another by Port Carbon to Tamaqua and Mauch Chunk. Pottsville is eight miles by the road N. W. from Orwigsburg, 175 N. from W. C., and 67 N. E. from Harrisburg.
Powell's creek and valley, Hallifax t-ship, Dauphin co., between Peter's and the Short mtn. They have a S. W. course of about 21 ms. The former enters the Susquehannah r. about 2 ms. N. of its confluence with the Juniata r.
Presq'isle, (See Erie.)
Preston, t-ship, Wayne co., situated 30 miles N. E. of Bethany ; contains by the census of 1830, 290 inhabit- ants, and in 1828, 50 taxables ; 8 frame houses, 39 log ones, 1 tavern, 1 grist mill, 1 store, 6 saw mills, 14 looms, and 1 school. The t-ship is hilly ; soil, gravel and loam, well tim- bered with white and yellow pine, hemlock, and chestnut. Taxable pro- perty in 1829, seated lands, $23,137; unseated, 69,372 ; personal estate, including occupations, &c., $2853; rate, 4 mills on the dollar.
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