USA > Pennsylvania > A gazetteer of the state of Pennsylvania : a part first, contains a general description of the state, its situation and extent, general geological construction, canals, and rail-roads, bridges, revenue, expenditures, public debt, &c. &c. ; part second, embraces ample descriptions of its counties, towns, cities, villages, mountains, lakes, rivers, creeks, &c. alphabetically arranged > Part 26
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taxables 279. Chilisquaque creek, which gives name to the t-ship, passes through it from N. E. to S. W. into the Susquehannah r. On or near the creek lie two villages, one called Potts- grove, a post town, and the other bear- ing the ill omened name of Sodom. There is a p-o. we believe, at the latter also ; 174 ms. from W. C. and 64 from Harrisburg.
Chilisquaque creek, rises in the Mun- cy Hills, on the border of Lycoming and Columbia cos. and flows S. and S. W. through the latter and through Northumberland co. into the Susque- hannah, on the N. side of Mentour's ridge, having a course of 2 or 3 and 20 miles.
Chippewa, t-ship, Beaver co. bound- ed N. by Big Beaver, E. by Beaver r. S. by Brighton, and W. by South Beaver. Centrally distant from Bea- ver borough N. W. 7 ms. Greatest length 7, breadth 5 ms. Area, 15,300 acres. Surface, hilly ; soil, loam on the hills, limestone in places. Pop. in 1830, 580 ; taxables 100.
Chiques, Great and Little creeks, both
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have their sources in the Conewagojms. N. from W. C. and 54 S. E. fromn hills, Lebanon co. about 7 ms. apart, and Harrisburg, on the Lancaster & Read- ing turnpike road, 21 ms. N. E. from the former, and in Caernarvon t-ship, contains some 8 or 10 dwellings, store and tavern. flowing S. W. through Lancaster co. to the Susquehannah, unite their wa- ters about 2 ms. above their confluence with that river. They are fine streams and give motion to many mills in their course.
Choconut, t-ship, Susquehannah co. bounded N. by the state of New York, E. by Silver lake t-ship, S. by Mid- dleton t-ship, and W. by Bradford co. Its length E. and W . is 8 ms. breadth N. and S. 6 ms. It is drained by the Choconut and Apollacan creeks, which flow northerly into the Susquehannah, in the state of New York. The for- mer is fed by a small lake, at the southern part of the t-ship; both are mill streams, and turn several mills in their course. The Milford and Owe- go turnpike runs across the S. W. an- gle, on which is the village of Friends- ville, at its intersection of the southern boundary. The surface is hilly ; soil, gravel and clay. There is a p-o. at Friendsville, and another in the t-ship, called Choconut, the latter distant 285 ms. from W. C. and 177 from Harris- burg.
Choconut creek, Choconut t-ship, Sus- quehannah co. flows northerly through a hilly country into the state of N. Y. and falls into the Susquehannah r. a short distance below Chenango Point. It is a mill stream, improved by many water works, but is not navigable.
Choke creek, Covington t-ship, Lu- zerne co. flows about 5 ms. S. E. into the Lehigh r. near the Great falls. It is a mill stream but not navigable.
Chrystal lakes, Upper and Lower. The former lies on the boundary line between Luzerne and Susquehannah cos. in Greenfield and Clifford t-ships, in the angle formed by the Milford and Owego turnpike road, and the road from Willkesbarre to Dundaff. The latter lies within a mile S. E. and altogether in Greenfield t-ship. The waters of the first flow into the Lackawannock r. and of the second into the Elkwood branch of the Tunkhannock creek.
Churchtown, p-t. Lancaster co. 129
Churchville, small village of Bucks co. on the line dividing Northampton and Southampton t-ships, 11 ms. S. E. from Doylestown, contains a church and 4 or 5 dwellings.
Clarksburg, p-t. of Pymatuning t-ship, Mercer co. at the confluence of the Pymatuning and Shenango creeks, 10 ms. N. E. of Mercer bo- rough, contains about a dozen dwell- ings, a store, tavern, and mill.
Clark's creek, Dauphin co. rises in Rush t-ship, and flows S. W. between the Third and Peter's mtn. through Middle Paxton t-ship, in the river Sus- quehannah, turning several mills in a course of about 25 ms.
Clark's ferry and post office, Rye t-ship, Perry co. upon the Susquehan- nah r. below the confluence of the Ju- niata r. with that stream, and above the town of Petersburg, about 43 ms. N. W. from Harrisburg, 137 from W. C. and 10 ms. E. of Bloomfield.
Clark's Knob, a spur of the Blue mtn. which runs into Fannet t-ship, Franklin co. and forms part of the E. boundary of Amberson's valley.
Clarksville, a p-t. of Wayne co. situated 8 ms. S. W. from Bethany, in Canaan t-ship, near Rix's gap. Con- tains 10 or 12 dwellings, 2 taverns, and 2 stores.
Clarksville, p-t. of Morgan t-ship, Greene co. at the fork of 10 mile creek, 2 ms. from its confluence with the Monongahela r and 10 ms. N. E. of Waynesborough, 217 ms. N. W. of W. C. and 210 S. W. from Harris- burg. 'The town is beautifully situat- cd and contains about 40 dwellings, several stores and taverns.
Clarion river, or Great Toby's creck, rises in Sergeant t-ship, Mckean co. and flows a S. W. course through Jef- ferson co. thence forming the bounda- ry between Armstrong and Venango counties, it flows into the Allegheny
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r. at Foxburg. It has a course of |Susquehannah r. to the place of begin- about 70 ms. S. W., is navigable for boats 55 ms. and for canoes about 10 ms. further. Vast quantities of lum- ber are sent to market annually by this stream to Pittsburg and the towns on the Ohio.
Clarion, t-ship, Armstrong county, bounded N. by Clarion r. which sepa- rates it from Venango co. E. by Jef- ferson co., S. by Red Bank t-ship, and W. by Toby t-ship ; centrally distant N. E. from Kittanning borough 26 miles ; greatest length 13}, breadth 12 miles ; area 68,480 acres ; surface, gentle hills ; soil, loam ; pop. in 1830, 2067 ; taxables 340. It is drained by Laurel run, Mill, Piney and Licking creeks, which flow N. W. into Clari- on r. The post towns of Roseburg and Hulinsburg lie in the N. parts of the t-ship ; the latter on the N. bank of Piney creek. The former is known by the name of Clarion.
Claysville, p-t. Washington co. on the line between Buffalo and Donnegal t-ships, on the national road, 10 ms. W. of Washington borough and 20 E. from Wheeling, 239 ms. from W. C., 222 from Harrisburg ; contains 60 dwellings, 3 or 4 stores, as many tav- erns and a Presbyterian church.
Clearfield, co., was taken from Ly- cyming by act of 26th March, 1804, which gave it the following limits : " Beginning where the line dividing Cannon's and Broadhead's district, strikes the W. branch of the Susque- hannah; thence N. along the said dis- trict line until a due west course from thence will strike the S. E. corner of McKean co. thence W. along the sthrn. boundary of Mckean co. to the line of Jefferson co., thence S. W . along the line of Jefferson co. to where Hun- ter's district line crosses Sandy Lick creek ; thence S. along the district line to the Canoe place on the Susque- hannah r. thence an easterly course to the S. W. corner of Centre co., on the heads of Mushanon creek, thence down the Mushanon creek, the seve- ral courses thereof, to its mouth ; thence down the W. branch of the
ning." It was provided also by the. act, that whenever such county, ac- cording to the ratio of apportionment of representation, shall be entitled to a separate representation, provision should be made for its full organiza- tion. And by the act of 1st April, 1823, a line was directed to be traced " from the mouth of the Second run, emptying into the west branch of the Susquehannah from the north side be- low Buttermilk falls at the true bear- ing of north, 35° W. until it intersects the present county line, and so much as may be cut off from Lycoming co. by the line so run, shall be added to Clearfield county."
By the act 14th March, 1805, the powers of the commissioners of Centre co. were extended over Clearfield ; but by the act of 23d Jan. 1812, the citizens of the co. were authorized to elect their own commissioners ; and by the act of 4th April, 1805, com- missioners were appointed to fix the county town, which was established on lands of Abraham Witmer, and a town was there laid out, to which the name of " Clearfield" has been given. The county was finally and fully or- ganized by the act of 29th Jan. 1822, which provided for the judicial admin- istration thereof. It is bounded N. by Mckean co., N. E. by Lycoming, S. E. by Centre, S. by Cambria, W. by Indiana and N. W. by Jefferson ; length 45, breadth 32 miles ; area 1425 square miles ; central lat. 41° 4' N., lon. 1º 30' W. from W. C.
This county belongs to the great secondary formation which forms the valley between the Allegheny and the Stoney mountains, and abounds with coal, salt, iron, and other valuable minerals. Its surface is broken, hilly, nay mountainous ; but the mountains, though having a general inclination N. E. and S. W. do not form regular chains or ridges, but are broken and turned in all directions. Upon our map names are given to very few of these hills. Elk mountain, in the N. W. part of the county, is the most con-
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tinuous and most prominent. The soils are as various as the surface. The limestone and alluvial lands of the valleys are excellent. The scenery almost everywhere is delightful, and the climate very healthy. The tim- ber is of all the varieties indigenous to the country ; the hills and the vales affording the proper sustenance for those respectively adapted to them.
The county is extremely well wa- tered. The west branch of the Sus- quehannah, which rises in Cambria co. crosses this county diagonally from the S. W. to the N. E. and receives in its course from the south, Chest creek, Clearfield and Little Clearfield creeks, and the Mushanon creek, which separates it from Centre county ; from the north it receives Anderson's and Little Mushanon creeks, and ma- ny small runs. The river is naviga- ble for canoes to the remote S. W. cor- ner of the county ; and the creeks we have named are also navigable. The N. part of the county is drained by the Bennet's branch of the Sinnema- honing, which flows E. to the Sus- quehannah, receiving the Driftwood branch and other streams from the north. Westerly, flow the waters of Toby's creek, Sandy Lick and Maho- ning creeks, tributaries of the Alleghe- ny river.
The turnpike road from Bellefonte to Franklin, runs N. W. through the county, passing by Philipsburg and Curwinville, and about four miles S. of Clearfield. The Milesburg and Smithport road also pursues a similar direction ; Clearfield and Jefferson a westerly, and Clearfield and Arm- strong a south-westerly course.
The towns are Clearfield, Curwin- ville and Karthaus ; Phillipsburg lies on the Mushanon creck near the east- ern boundary, but in Centre county.
This county is yet thinly settled, but it grows in population rapidly. In 1810, it had 875 inhabitants ; in 1820, 2342; in 1830, 4803, of whom 2485 were white males, 2265 females ; 28 frce colored males, 25 free colored fe- males. Included in the foregoing were
24 aliens, 6 deaf and dumb and 3 blına. The taxables in 1828 were 892.
The public buildings of the county consist of the court-house, prison, and county offices, and a building for an academy, which was incorporated in 1827, and received from the state a donation of $2000, one moiety to be paid toward the erection of the build- ing, the other moiety to be vested as a permanent fund; conditioned that $1000 should be raised for the institu- tion by private subscription.
The exports of the county, by way of the Susquehannah, consist of about 5000 bushels of wheat, some other grain, some flour and pork, from 5 to 800,000 feet of lumber, about 6000 tons of bituminous coal, and 600 tons of iron. The coal business is yet in the hands of the farmers and mechanics, who devote the winter and spring to mining it and boating it to market. Of the producers of grain and provisions, of the manufacturers of flour, lumber and iron, and of the miners of coal, many are their own carriers, and rely upon the spring freshets for conveying their merchandize to market, the re- turns for which are indispensable to meet their engagements at home. The Clearfield coal is said to be of excellent quality, and in the yet imperfect state of the trade may be profitably sold at Middletown, at 15 cts. the bushel ; at this price it may compete in the Phila- delphia market with the Richmond coal, which frequently sells at 20 to 25 cts. by the cargo.
United with Lycoming, Centre, Mc Kean and Potter counties, Clearfield forms the 13th senatorial district, send- ing one member to the senate, and in conjunction with Centre county it sends two members to the house of repre- sentatives ; and with Huntingdon, Mif- flin and Centre counties, it forms the 12th congressional district, sending one member to congress. Connected with Huntingdon and Centre, it forms the 4th judicial district, Thomas Burn- side, Esq., president. The court is holden at Clearfield on the 3d Mondays of October, December and March, and
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"on the first Monday of July, annually.
The taxable property of the county by assessment of 1829, was rated, the seated lands at $432,192; unseated $250,000, and personal estate, inclu- ding occupations, at $32,946. The rate of levy was 5 mills on the dollar.
This county paid into the state trea. sury in 1831 :
For tavern licenses,
$100 00
Duties on dealers in for. mdze. 70 02
$170 02
STATISTICAL TABLE OF CLEAR. FIELD COUNTY.
Names of t-ships.
Population. 1820.1
1830.
Taxables. 1828.
Brady
431
50
Bradford
572
631
134
Beccaria
236
434
82
Chest
494
74
Covington
90
250
47
Decatur
319
58
Fox
437
75
Gibson
235
405
71
Lawrence
447
683
135
Pike
702
819
166
2342
4803
892
Clearfield, t-ship, Butler co. bound- ed N. by Donegal t-ship, E. by Arm- strong co. S. by Buffalo t-ship, and W. by Butler t-ship. Centrally distant from the town of Butler S. E. 6 miles. It forms a square of 8 miles ; area 40, 960; surface rolling ; soil in the bot- toms, loam and sand, on the upland gravel, and clay ; pop. in 1830, 617; taxables 129. It is drained E. by branches of Buffalo creek, and W. by branches of the Conequenessing. There are salt springs on the E. boundary. The wood of the t-ship, has been much injured by fire, but the land is now becoming heavily tim- bered.
Clearfield, p-t. and borough, and seat of justice of Clearfield co. on the right bank of the W. branch of the Susquehannah-river, N. lat. 41º 1' W. long. from W. C. 1º 28', distant N. W. from Harrisburg 129 miles, con- tains a court house, county offices, prison, some 30 or 40 dwellings, stores,
land taverns. An academy was estab- lished here and incorporated, and en- dowed with the sum of $2000 by the act of assembly 12th Feb. 1827.
Clearfield, Ridge, p-o. Pike t-ship, Clearfield co. and on the W. branch of the Susquehannah river, 14 miles S. of Clearfield borough, and about 5 from Curwinville, and 125 miles from Harrisburg.
Clearfield creeks, Big and Little, Clearfield co. the first rises on the con- fines of Cambria, and Centre, counties, and runs a N. course of about 18 ms. to the W. branch of the Susquehan- nah river, separating Beccaria from Bradford t-ships ; it receives the sec- cond from the S. W . about 6 miles be- low its mouth.
Clearfield, t-ship, Cambria co. bound- ed N. by Clearfield co. S. by Alle- gheny t-ship, E. by Huntingdon co. and W. by Susquehannah t-ship ; sur- face rolling ; soil, clay, sand and grav- el; pop. in 1830, 436 ; taxables, 76. Valuation of taxable property in 1829, seated lands &c. $23,144, unseated $30,867, personal $1976 ; rate of levy 8} mills on the dollar.
Clear Ridge, Bedford co. a moun- tain range, a continuation of the Rag- ged mountain, rises about the middle of Southampton t-ship, and extends N. through Providence t-ship, to the Raystown branch of the Juniata.
Clear creek, Providence t-ship, Bed- ford co. rises in the E. of Tussey's mountain, and penetrating Warrior Ridge, flows into, and along the valley formed by that Ridge, and Clear Ridge, into the Raystown branch of the Juni- ata river.
Clermontville, p-o. Mckean co. 272 miles N. W. from W. C. and 201 from Harrisburg.
Clifford, t-ship, Susquehannah co. bounded N. by Gibson t-ship, E. by Wayne co. S. by Luzerne co. and W. by Lennox t-ship. Its length E. and W. is 8 miles, breadth N. and S. 5 ms. area 25,600 acres. It is drained by the Lackawannock creek, which forks here into two branches, and by the Elk wood branch of the Tunkhannock ;
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Upper Chrystal lake lies on its ||tain. It contains about a dozen houses, Southern boundary near the village of inhabited by miners. Dundaff, and the Montrose turnpike Coan creek, a tributary of the Swa- tara creek, which rises in Lower Ma- hantango t-ship, and passes through the "Gold Mine Gap" of the Sharp mtn. and thence through Pine Grove t-ship, about 4 ms. to its recipient. road, which passes diagonally through the t-ship. The Moosick mountain skirts its eastern boundary, and the Elk mountain the extreme knob of Tunkhannock mountain rises on the northern boundary, and forms the eastern termination of the main Alle- gheny , mountain in Pennsylvania. The surface is hilly generally ; soil clay, and gravel, and loam, with a subsoil of hard pan; pop. in 1830, 866 ; taxables in 1828, 157.
Clinton, t. of Centre t-ship, Greene co. situated on Ten Mile creek, 8 ms. W. of Waynesburg.
Clinton, t-ship, Lycoming co. bound- ed N. E. and S. E. by the W. branch of the Susquehannah river, S. W. by Washington t-ship, and W. by Nippe- nose t-ship. Centrally distant from Williamsport S. E. 6 miles ; greatest length 13, breadth 41 miles ; area, 16, 000 acres ; surface, hilly. This t-ship has a front of about 20 miles on the river, and for about 8 miles does not exceed 2 in depth ; the remainder is a semi-ellipsis formed by the Muncy bend of the river. It is not abundant- ly watered, the streams being few, short and inconsiderable. Valuation of taxable property in 1829, seated lands $54,050; personal est. $5458; rate of levy 2 of one per cent.
Clinton, p-o. Allegheny co. 246 ms. from W. C. and 224 from Harris- burg.
Clintonville, Chester co. about 12 ms. N. E. of West Chester, and 14 from Phila. contains 6 or 8 dwellings, a woollen manufactory, 1 store and 1 tavern. The vicinity is remarkable for its beautiful limestone.
Clover creek, Woodbury t-ship, Hun- tingdon co. rises in the confines of Bedford co. and flows N. W. along the W. side of Tussey's mtn. into the Raystown branch of the Juniata.
Coal Castle, a hamlet in Norwegian t.ship, Schuylkill co. on the W. branch of the Schuylkill r. and on the rail- road, at the foot of the Broad moun-
Coatesville, p-t. and village in the Great Valley, upon the turnpike and rail-road between Phila. and Columbia, 36 ms. distant from either, 114 from W. C. and 60 from Harrisburg, and on the line dividing East Caln and Sadsbury t-ships, and on the E. side of the W. branch of the Brandywine river. On this stream, within a few ms. of the town, are three large paper mills, two cotton factories, a rolling mill and nail factory, and other hy- draulic establishments. About a half mile from the town is a chalybeate spring, of whose medicinal virtues fa- vorable reports have been made. The town is thrifty, contains various me- chanics, and a newspaper is published here called "The Coatesville Exami- [ner."
Cobb's creek, Delaware co. rises in Haverford t-ship, and flows a sinuous course of about 10 ms. and for about half of that distance forming the boun- dary line between Phila. and Delaware cos. It is a smart brook, with consi- derable fall, and has many mills upon it. It unites with the Darby creek, a short distance below the village of Darby, and thence flows into the river Delaware.
Cobus creek, Northampton co. rises in Upper Mount Bethel t-ship, about 3 ms. below the Water Gap. It it not navigable. It flows E. by a course of about 7 ms. into the Delaware r.
Cocalico, t-ship, Lancaster county, bounded N. E. by Berks co. S. E. by Brecknock and Earl t-ships, S. W. by Elizabeth, and N. W. by Lebanon co. Central distance from the city of Lan- caster N. E. 24 ms. ; greatest length 12 ms. greatest breadth 9; area, 40, 960 acres ; surface, hilly ; soil, red shale and loam. Pop. in 1830, 4902 ; taxables 973. The Conewago hills
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fill the greatest portion of the t-ship, ||the p-t. lies near the middle of the S. and it is drained by the Cocalicocreek, W. boundary. There are.2 churches, one in the N. and the other in the S. part of the t-ship. The p-o. called after the t-ship, is 89 ms. from W. C. and 38 from Harrisburg. and Swamp creek its tributary. Trout creek, also a tributary, is on the line between this and Elizabeth t-ship. The Downingstown, Euphrata and Harrisburg turnpike road crosses the S. W. portion of the t-ship, on which, at the intersection of the road from Reading to Lancaster, the town of Eu- phrata is located. Reamstown and Adamstown also lie on the same road, at each of which there is a p-o.
Cocalico creek, rises in Heidelburg t-ship, Berks co. and flows south west through Cocalico t-ship, Lancaster co. to which it gives name, and between Earl and Warwick t-ships into the Conestogo r. receiving in its course Swamp, Trout, Middle and Harmer creeks. It has a course of more than 20 miles, is a fine stream and turns many mills.
Cocalimus creek, rises in Greenwood t-ship, Mifflin co. and flows S. E. into Greenwood t-sp. Perry co. and thence into the Juniata r. below Millars- town, having a course of about 15 ms.
Cochranville, p-t. and village, West Fallowfield t-ship, Chester co. on the turnpike road from Wilmington to Lan- caster, 27 ms. W. from Phila. and 16 S. W. of West Chester, 102 from W. C. and 59 from Harrisburg, contains some half dozen dwellings, a store and tavern.
Codorus, t-ship, York co. bounded N. by Manchester, E. by York and Shrewsbury, S. by Maryland, W. by Manheim and Heidelburg, and N. W. by Paradise t-ship. Centrally distant S. W. from the borough of York 10 miles ; greatest length 13, breadth 61 miles ; area 35,200 acres; surface, rolling ; soil, gravelly and indifferent. Pop. in 1830, 2331; taxables 505; taxable property in 1829, real estate $354,622; personal $26,355; occu- pations, &c. $34,375 ; rate, 25 cents in the $100. The t-ship is nearly en- circled by the W. and S. branches of the Codorus creek, which unite on the extreme N. E. point, and receive seve- ral streams in their course. Jefferson,
Codorus, large creek of. York co. whose branches drain the whole of the S. W. portion of the co. The west, south and east branches unite on the N. E. boundary of Codorus t-ship, and the main stream flows thence N. E. through the borough of York, with a course of about 15 ms. to the Susque- hannah r. forming the line between Manchester and Hellam t-ships. This creek is very rapid and subject to great freshets, which have at times done great injury to the improvements along the banks. A slack-water navigation has lately been made upon it from the borough to the river, a distance of 11 ms. of which 8 consist of artificial pools and 3 of canal. There are nine locks, and the work is said to be exe- cuted in the most approved and sub- stantial manner. There are mills at almost every mile upon the main stream and its chief tributaries.
Coffee run, p-o. Huntingdon co. 141 ms. N. W. of W. C. 89 S. W . of Har- risburg.
Coffee creek, p-o. Warren co. 336 ms. N. W. from W. C. and 266 from Harrisburg.
Cohocksink creek, Philadelphia co. rises in Penn t-ship, a little E. of the 3 mile stone on the Ridge road, and flows a S. E. course into the Delaware river below the Kensington bridge over the stream. It is in part the boundary of the incorporated and un- incorporated Northern Liberties, and is in part the motive power of the ex- tensive cotton manufactory, known as the globe mill.
Colebrookdale, t-ship, Berks county, bounded on the N. E. by Hereford t- ship, S. E. by Montgomery co. N. W. by District, Pike and Earl t-ships, S. W. by Earl and Douglas; greatest length 5, breadth 3 miles ; area 9,600 acres ; surface, hilly ; soil, loam and gravel, good quality, generally pro.
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ductive ; value, from 30 to 60 dollars per acre. Pop. 1810, 792 ; in 1820, 1046; 1830, 1219 ; taxables in 1828, 230. The head waters of the Iron Stone creek and of Swamp creek rise in this t-ship. There is a church nearly centrally situated, common to the Presbyterians and Lutherans, near which is a p-o. bearing the name of the t-ship, 163 ms. from W. C. and 72 from flarrisburg. A mine of black lead has been discovered, and a bed of iron ore, said to be of good qual- ity.
Colerain forge, Franklin township, Huntingdon co. 163 ms. N. W. from W. C. and 102 S. W. from Harris- burg.
Colerain, t-ship, Lancaster county, bounded N. by Sadsbury, E. by Upper and Lower Oxford, S. by Little Bri- tain, and W. by Drumore. Centrally distant from the city of Lancaster 17 ms. S. E. Its form is nearly that of an equilateral triangle, the length of whose sides is about 7 miles ; area, 47,360 acres. The main branch of the Octarara creek bounds it on the E. and the west branch of that stream on the W. ; surface, rolling ; soil, gravel and clay. Pop. in 1830, 1202 ; taxa- bles 209. There are two forges on the N. branch, near its junction with the W. and there are two grist mills and three saw mills in the t-ship. The p-o. called after the t-ship, is 104 ms. N. of W. C. and 61 from Harris- burg.
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