USA > Pennsylvania > A gazetteer of the state of Pennsylvania : a part first, contains a general description of the state, its situation and extent, general geological construction, canals, and rail-roads, bridges, revenue, expenditures, public debt, &c. &c. ; part second, embraces ample descriptions of its counties, towns, cities, villages, mountains, lakes, rivers, creeks, &c. alphabetically arranged > Part 37
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French creek, t-ship, Mercer county, bounded N. by Crawford co. E. by Venango co. S. by Sandy Lake t-ship, and W. by Sandy Creek t-ship. Cen- trally distant from the borough of Mer- cer N. E. 16 miles. Greatest length 84, breadth 6} miles; area, 35,520 acres. French cr. crosses the N. E. an- gle of the t-ship, and receives from it Deer and Mill creek ; and Sandy cr. crosses the S. W. angle. Surface of the t-ship is level ; soil, clay and loam, and not of good quality. Population in 1830, 457; taxables 78; taxable
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property in 1829, real estate, $58,085 ; personal, 1494 ; rate of tax, 4 mills on the dollar.
French Creek, t-ship, Venango co. bounded N. by French creek, E. by the Allegheny river, S. by that river and Sandy Creek t-ship, and W. by Mercer co. Greatest length 29, breadth 7 miles ; area 28,800 acres; surface hilly ; soil, gravel. Pop. in 1830, 1055 ; taxables 237. The borough of Franklin is in this t-ship, at the conflu- ence of the French creek with the Allegheny river. Sandy creek flows along the S. boundary into that river.
French creek, a large stream of north western Penn. rises in Cha- tauque co. New York and pursuing a comparative course of 15 miles S. W. enters Pennsylvania, in Erie co. and thence continuing the same course, about 35 miles, to Meadville, in Craw- ford co. it there receives the Cussawa- go from the N. W .; thence running S. E. 25 ms. it unites with the Alle- gheny river at the borough of Frank- lin in Venango co. It is navigable as high as the mouth of Le Boeuf creek 5 ms. S. from Waterford. The French creek feeder intended to feed the con- templated canal from the Allegheny river to Erie, commences at Bemus' mills, on the E. side of the creek, about 2 miles N. of Meadville, passes through the town, and to about 6 miles below it, where it crosses the creek, and falls into the valley of the outlet of Conneaut lake, which it pursues to the summit level near the lake with which it communicates. The length of the feeder is 192 miles ; it is nearly completed. The estimated cost, is $250,000.
Freeport, p-t. of Buffalo t-ship, Armstrong co. at the confluence of the Buffalo creek with the Allegheny r. 14 ms. below Kittanning borough, and two miles below the mouth of the Kis- kiminitas river, 225 miles from W. C. and 179 from Harrisburg. The state canal passes through the town, cross- ing the creek by an aqueduct ; and an office for the collection of tolls is es- tablished here. The first tolls taken
were in June, 1829. The town con- tains about 50 dwellings, 5 or 6 stores, 4 taverns and 1 church.
Freystown, village of Spring Garden t-ship, York co. within two miles E. of York, on the turnpike road from Wrightsville. It may be deemed a suburb of the town of York.
Friendsville, p-t. and village, Mid- dletown t-ship, Susquehannah co. situ- ate at the intersection of the turnpike road from Montrose to Owego with the N. line of the t-ship. It contains 6 dwellings, 1 store, and tavern. Dis- tant 10 miles from Montrose N. W., and 283 from W. C. 175 from Har- risburg.
Friend's Cove valley, Colerain t-ship, Bedford co. bounded by Tussey's mountain on the E., Evits mountain on the W., and the Raystown branch of the Juniata on the N. It is drain- ed by Cove creek, a mill stream.
Fruitstown, a small hamlet of Der- ry t-ship, Columbia co. on a branch of the Chilisquaque creek, 12 miles N. of Danville.
Fruithill, p-t. Clearfield co. 188 miles N. W. from W. C. and 130 from Harrisburg.
Frysburg, a small village and p-t. of Upper Saucon t-ship, Lehigh co. on the turnpike road from the Spring- house tavern to Bethlehem, 178 ms. N. frow W. C., and 92 N. E. from Harrisburg. It contains 10 or 15 dwellings, a store, tavern and Lutheran church.
Furnace creek, a tributary of the Quitapahilla creek, Lebanon co. rises on the N. side of the Conewango hills in Lebanon t-ship, and flows N. W. to its recipient about 8 miles. There is a bed of iron ore near its source, and Cornwall furnace, which gives name to the creek.
Gainsburg, town of Londonderry t-ship, on the turnpike road between Middletown and Lancaster, contains 8 or 10 dwellings, a store and tavern.
Gallows run, a small tributary of the Delaware, on the boundary line between Nockamixon and Durham t-ships, Bucks co.
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Gamble's, p-o. Allegheny co. 210 miles N. W. from W. C. and 188 W. of Harrisburg.
Gap tavern, p-o. at the E. foot of the Mine Ridge, Sadsbury t-ship, Lan- caster co. on the Lancaster and New- port turnpike road, 16 miles E. of Lancaster, 125 N. of W. C. and 51 S. E. of Harrisburg.
Gardner's creek, rises in Abington t- ship, Luzerne co. and flows S. W. through Falls and Exeter t-ships, into the river Susquehannah. It is a mill stream but not navigable.
Gay's port, a small village of Franks- town t-ship, Huntingdon co. on a branch of the Juniata river, between Hollidaysburg and Frankstown; its foundation was laid in 1829, and it now contains several dwellings.
Gebhert's, p-o. of Somerset co. 154 ms. N. W. from W. C. and 132 from Harrisburg.
Georgetown, p-t. Greene t-ship, Bea- ver co. on the N. side of Mill creek, on the S. side of the Ohio river, 12 miles S. W. of Beaver borough.
Georgetown, p-t. of Sandy Creek t- ship, Mercer co. on the turnpike road leading from the borough of Mercer to Meadville, 15 ms. N. of the former, and about the same distance from the latter, 263 ms. from W. C. and 241 from Harrisburg, contains 35 dwell- ings, 3 stores, and 3 taverns.
Georgeville, village of Mahoning t- ship, Indiana co. on the road from In- diana borouglı to Jefferson co. 15 ms. N. from the borough, contains 4 or 5 dwellings, 2 stores, 1 tavern.
Georgetown, or Dalmatia, Lower Mahanoy t-ship, Northumberland co. p-t. on the Susquehannah river, cen- trally situate in the t-ship, 146 ms. from W. C. and 36 from Harrisburg, contains 75 dwellings, 4 taverns and 2 stores.
George, t-ship, Fayette co. bound- ed N. E. by Union, S. E. by Wharton, S. W. by Springhill, and N. W. by German t-ships. Centrally distant S. W. from Uniontown 7 miles ; greatest length 11, breadth 9 miles ; area 28, 800 acres; surface, level; soil, loam
and limestone. Pop. in 1830, 2416. Laurel hill is on the E. boundary. The t-ship is drained by George's creek and its branches, York's run and Middle and South Forks. There are many beds of iron, and several forges in the t-ship. Smithfield, Hay- den and Woodbridge, are towns lying in the southern part of the t-ship ; the first is a post town.
George creek, Fayette co. rises by four branches in George t-ship, and flows S. W. through Springhill t-ship, into Cheat river, S. of the town of N. Geneva.
Germantown, t-ship, Phila. county, is bounded N. E. partly by Montgomery co. and partly by Bristol t-ship, E. by Bristol, S. by Penn, S. W. by Rox- borough t-ships, and N. W. by Mont- gomery co. Length 5} ms. breadth 2, area 7040 acres ; centrally distant from Phila. 8 ms. Surface hilly ; soil, loam and alluvial bottoms. Pop. in 1830, 4642 ; taxables in 1828, 1032. It is drained on the N. W. by the main stream of the Wissahickon, which re- ceives from the t-ship Creisham cr. and another small branch ; and the Wingohocking cr., rising at the foot of Mount Airy, runs S. W. into the Tacony cr., in Bristol t-ship. The Germantown turnpike road, continued by the Perkiomen turnpike road, runs centrally through the t-ship, its whole length. And a rail-road from Phila. to Norristown, is now being construc- ted, which will pass through German- town. The whole of the turnpike road, from the brow of Logan's hill to the upper end of Chestnut hill, a distance of five miles, may be considered the street of a continuous village, with substantial, comfortable dwellings, mostly of stone or brick, occupied as the homes of men who have retired to enjoy the competency gained by a life of industry, or of thrifty mechanics and manufacturers, who find in the neighboring city a ready market for the product of their labors, or as snug and agreeable country seats of the citizens. There must be from seven to eight hundred houses in this lengthy
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village, many stores, and all the spe- cies of business which a large and rich population requires and produces. Churches belonging to several deno- minations of Christians, viz. Tunkers, Menonists, Lutherans, German and English Presbyterians, Methodists, Episcopalians, &c. &c. Schools, for the accommodation of not only the local population, but also for pupils from the city and elsewhere, among which, the Germantown academy and Mount Airy academy are most dis- tinguished. The first was founded in 1784, and in 1821 received a donation from the state of $2000. The present principals of the institution, Messrs. Classin and Jenks, are much esteemed. Annexed to it is a seminary for young ladies. Mount Airy college, as it is sometimes called, is a large and com- modious building, beautifully situated, at which the exercises are conducted on the plan of the military school of Capt. Partridge, and pupils are ade- quately prepared for the military aca- demy at West Point.
Germantown is among the first set- tlements of the province after the pur- chase of Wm. Penn. The convey- ance from the proprietary to Francis Daniel Pastorius, is dated the 12th of the 8th month, 1683, and the survey made by the surveyor general, 2d of 3d month, 1684, comprised 5700 acres of land, the original price of which was one shilling per acre. The ori- ginal purchasers were of Frankfort and Crefelt, in Germany ; the first settlers chiefly from Cresheim, which name was given to their settlement. The Germantown town lots were located and surveyed in 1687, and distributed by lot, in 1689. The town was in that year incorporated as a borough by Wm. Penn, then in England. F. D. Pastorius, civilian, was chosen first bailiff, and Jacob Tellner, Dirk Isaacs op den Graff, and Herman op den Graff, burghers and town magistrates, who, together with eight yeomen, form- ed a general court, which sat once a month. It made laws and levied tax- es. There is no principle in modern
policy, if modern it be, more beneficial than the division of a great community into many small and subordinate ones, which, having an integral existence, and adequate power to supply local re- gulations and means for their enforce- ment, are enabled speedily and effec- tually to promote the happiness of the individual members. But this early incorporation of Germantown, was greatly in anticipation of the proper period for such an event ; for the town lost its charter in 1704 by non-user, there not being a sufficient number of persons willing to serve in the general court. We believe that an applica- tion for its re-incorporation, has been made to the legislature at its present session (1832).
Germantown is much frequented by the citizens of Phila. on pleasure and business, and several commodious sta- ges run to and from it at convenient hours of the day. This intercourse will become more frequent when the rail-road shall have been completed, and the rapidity of conveyance shall have, in effect, so diminished the dis- tance between the two places, that a man of business shall find little incon- venience in residing at Germantown, and attending to his affairs in the city, when he can pass as soon from his dwelling in the former place to his store in the latter, as he now does from one of the western or northern streets to the south and eastern ones.
German, t-ship, Fayette co., bounded N. by Luzerne and Red Stone, E. by Menallen and George, S. by Spring- hill t-ships, and W. by the Mononga- hela r., which separates it from Greene co. Centrally distant W. from Union- town, 8 ms. ; greatest length 7, breadth 6Į ms. ; area, 20,480 acres ; surface rolling ; soil, limestone and loam. Pop. in 1830, 2395 ; taxables, 463. It is drained by Brown's run, Middle run, and some smaller streams which flow westerly into the river, and by Dun- lap's cr., which runs on the E. boun- dary. M'Cleland's town is centrally situated on the road leading from Union to Waynesburg, 7 miles W.
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of the former, and Germantown, about | balance of the necessary sum not hav- 3 miles S. W. of M'Cleland town, in the S. W. angle of the t-ship. The latter is the p-t.
Germantown, German t-ship, Fay- ette co. (see preceding article), con- tains about 60 dwellings, 1 church, 2 schools, 4 stores and 2 taverns.
Germany, t-ship, Adams co., bound- ed N. by Mount Pleasant and Cone- wago t-ships, E. by York co., S. by the state of Md., and W. by Mount Joy t-ship. Centrally distant S. E. from Gettysburg, 10 ms. ; greatest l'th 8, breadth 4 ms. ; arca 14,080 acres ; surface level; soil,limestone and gravel. Pop. in 1830, 1517 ; taxables 322. Wilalloways cr. forms the W. bound- ary. Piney cr. drains it centrally on the S. and the head waters of the Cone- wago on the N. The turnpike r. from Gettysburg to the Md. line, passes through the middle of the t-ship, on which lies the p-t of Petersburg, 10 ms. S. E. of Gettysburg.
Germany, village, Shade t-ship, So- merset co., on Conover's branch of Shade's cr., 5 ms. W. of the Allegheny mtn, and about 6 ms. N. of the turn- pike road, leading from Bedford to Greensburg.
ing been subscribed by individuals, the work has not been commenced. The construction of this road would con- nect Phila. and Wheeling by a conti- nuous turnpike. Gettysburg was laid out a few years before the organiza- tion of the co., by Mr. James Gettys, deceased, and is at present inferior to few towns in the state, of the same size. The theological seminary of the Lu- theran church was located here two or three years ago, and is at present under the superintendence of Prof. Shmacker. There is also an acade- my, incorporated by act March, 1810, to which the legislature made a dona- tion of $2000, conditioned that a num- ber of poor children, not exceeding four, should be annually taught therein.
The public buildings consist of a court house and county offices, a pri- son, a building for the academy, a bank and four churches, two pertain- ing to the Presbyterians, one to the Methodists, and one to the German Lutherans ; all these buildings except the prison are of brick. There are nine stores and nine taverns. The town is supplied with good water by means of pipes leading from a spring within its limits. There are 3 news- papers published here weekly, one of which is in the German language. This place is noted for the manufac- ture of carriages of every description. It is contemplated to form a rail-road from the town to intersect the Balti- more and Ohio raid-road. The dis- tance of the line does not exceed 8 miles 297 perches, over a surface said to be peculiarly favorable.
Gettysburg, p-t. borough and st. jus. of Adams co., Cumberland t-ship, 28 ms. S. W. of the borough of York, and 35 from Harrisburg, is a pleasant town, containing, by the census of 1830, 1473 inhabitants, who are prin- cipally engaged in mechanical pur- suits ; and about 250 dwellings. The town stands on an elevated piece of ground, where the Philad. and Balti- more roads meet in their course to Pittsburg, distant 114 miles from the Gibson, t-ship, Susquehannah co. bounded N. by Jackson t-ship, E. by Wayne co. S. by Clifford t-ship, and W. by Harford and Lennox t-ships. Its greatest length E. and W. is 8 ms. breadth 7}. It is watered by the 'Tunk- hannock and Lackawannock creeks, whose branches penetrate it from W. to E. respectively. The Philadelphia and Great Bend turnpike crosses it di- Gibson, situated in the N. W. angle. one and 52 from the other ; and is surrounded by a fertile and well culti- vated country. By its location, it en- joys no inconsiderable share of the ad- vantages resulting from the intercourse between those cities and the west. At the session of the legislature in 1828, a subscription for $20,000 worth of the stock of a company for making a turn- pike road from Gettysburg to Hagers- agonally. It has a post office, called town, in Md. was authorized, but the
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Its surface is hilly ; soil, clay and gra- vel. Pop. in 1830, 1081; taxables in 1828, 196. The post office is 283 miles from W. C. and 184 from Har- risburg.
Gibson, t-ship, Clearfield co. bound- ed N. by Mckean and Lycoming coun- ties, E. by Lycoming co. S. by Law. rence and Covington t-ships, and W. by Fox t-ship. Centrally distant N. E. from the town of Clearfield 22 miles ; greatest length 20, breadth 10 miles ; surface, mountainous ; soil, gravelly loam. Pop. in 1830, 405; taxables, 71. Bennet's branch of the Sinnema- honing creek runs N. E. through the t-ship, and receives from it on the N. the Driftwood branch, and on the S. Stegner's and Shmitmyer's run. Salt springs are found on the Sinnemaho- ning creek, near the E. boundary, and several salt licks in the western part of the t-ship.
Gilmoreville, p-t. Butler co. 244 ms. N. W. of W. C. and 212 from Harris- burg.
Glade run, a tributary of the Alle- gheny r. rising in Sugar Creek t-ship, and flowing S. E. through Buffalo t- ship, falls into its recipient 8 or 9 ms. below Kittanning. The stream gives name to the post office of Buffalo t-ship, and is 214 ms. from W. C. and 181 from Harrisburg.
Glass creek, Upper, Smithfield t-ship, Pike co. a small tributary of the Dela- ware r. having its whole course with- in the t-ship.
Gold Mine gap, an opening in the Sharp mountain, between Lower Ma- hantango and Pine Grove t-ships, and near the S. W. line of Schuylkill co. Through this gap the Coan creek flows southward into the Swatara river.
Goshen, East, t-ship, Chester co., bounded N. by East and West White- land, E. by Willistown, S. by West- town, and W. by West Goshen t-ships; central distance about 18 miles W. of Phila: and 4 ms. E. of West Chester ; greatest length 4 miles, breadth 3; area, 7350 acres ; surface, mostly lev- el; soil, sandy loam, well cultivated and productive. Ridley and Chester
creeks pass S. E. through the t-ship, each turning several mills. East Go- shen meeting-house is situated on the Phila. road, east of the centre of the t- ship. Pop. in 1830, 752 ; taxables in 1828, 173. The post office here, call- ed Goshenville, is 119 ms. N. of W. C. and 79 S. E. from Harrisburg.
Goshen, West, t-ship, Chester co. bounded N. by West Whiteland, E. by East Goshen, S. by West town t-ship, and W. by East Bradford t-ship ; cen- tral distance from Phila. W. 21 ms .; length 4 miles, breadth 2} ; area, 5600 acres ; surface, gentle declivity , soil, sandy loam, well cultivated and pro- ductive. Pop. in 1830, 799 ; taxables in 1828, 156. Two branches of Ches- ter creek flow through the t-ship south- erly, and a tributary of the east branch of the Brandywine proceeds from it westerly. West Chester, p-t., bor. and seat jus. of the county, is near the western boundary of the t-ship.
Grapeville, at. Hempfield township, Westmoreland co. on the turnpike road leading from Greensburg to Pittsburg, about 4 ms. W. of the former; con- tains 15 dwellings, 2 taverns and 1 store.
Gratztown, p-t. of Lyken's t-ship, Dauphin co. 151 ms. N. of W. C. and 38 from Harrisburg, on the road lead- ing from Millerstown to Schuylkill co., contains from 30 to 40 dwellings, 3 stores and 4 taverns.
Gravel run, Northumberland co. a tributary of the Susquehannah river, which for part of its course forms the boundary between Rush and Augusta t-ships, and has its source in the for- mer.
Graysville, or Graysport, Morris t- ship, Huntingdon co. opposite the mouth of Spruce run, 169 ms. N. W. from W. C. and 96 from Harrisburg ; contains about 7 dwellings and 1 store.
Gray's Settlement, p-t. Erie co. 327 ms. N. W. from W C. and 266 from Harrisburg.
Great Bend, t-ship, Susquehannah co. bounded N. by the state of New- York, E. by Harmony t-ship, S. by New Milford t-ship, and W. by Laws-
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ville. It forms a square of 6 miles on each side, and contains 23,040 acres. It is watered by the Susquehannah r. which, forming a great bend around the Oquago mountain, gives name to the t-ship and to a village within it, and is the recipient of several small streams, among which, Salt Lick and Mitchell's creeks are the most consid- erable. Oquago mountain covers the greater portion of the northern part of the t-ship. The Great Bend turnpike passes northerly and centrally through it. The surface is hilly : soil, clay and gravel. Pop. in 1830, 797; tax- ables in 1828, 114.
Great Bend, p-t. and village, Sus- quehannah co. is situated in Great Bend t-ship, at the junction of Salt Lick creek with the Susquehannah river, about 8 miles below the entrance of the latter into the state, upon an ex- tensive flat, which is surrounded on all sides by high hills. From this place a turnpike road is made to Coshoc- ton on the Delaware, which is inter- sected by others from different parts of the country. The village is built on both sides of the river, over which a bridge of timber, 600 feet in length and 20 in width, was built in 1814, upon nine piers, by individual subscrip- tion, at an expense of $6500. The town is irregularly built ; contains 35 dwellings, several stores and taverns, about 200 inhabitants ; 2 churches, Baptist and Presbyterian, and a seminary for young ladies. It is 13 miles E. of Montrose.
Great Salt Works, p-o. Indiana co. Conemaugh t-ship, 207 ms. N. W. from W. C., and 175 W. from Harrisburg.
Greene county, is bounded N. by the co. of Washington, E. by the river Monongahela, on which it has a front of about 25 miles, S. and W. by the state of Virginia. It has in length E. and W. 32 ms. and in breadth N. and S. 19 ms. and contains 597 sq. miles. Central lat. 39º 50' N. long. 3º 15' W. from W. C.
Belonging to the great secondary formation of the state, this co. has a due proportion of the three minerals,
coal, iron and salt, which abound in Western Pennsylvania. Bituminous coal is found almost every where in the hills, in inexhaustible quantities, and in many instances along water courses, within one, two, or three feet of the surface. Big Whitely creek has for its bed a stratum of coal, in some places for miles, which, during the summer months when the water is low, is taken for the supply of tlie sur- rounding country. The labor of dig- ging and transporting it constitutes the whole cost. It is said that there are extensive beds of iron ore on Dunkard and Ten Mile creeks. There were formerly a forge and furnace in opera- tion on the latter stream, but they have been long idle and are falling to decay. Salt licks are known on Dun- kard's creek, near the S. E. corner of the co. but there are no salt works erected.
The surface of the co. is greatly diversified by hill and valley, and the soil varies from the richest river bot- toms to the poorest gravelly ridges. The co. is very well watered ; the principal streams arc Dunkard, Big Whitely, Little Whitely, Muddy and Ten Mile creeks, all of which flow eastward into the Monongahela river. Wheging and Fish creeks rise by several branches and flow westward to the Ohio ; their sources are not distant from each other. The valleys of these streams are among the most delightful of Pennsylvania, rich, and where the axe has not yet done its work, covered with every variety of timber indige- nous to the west, of the largest growth. The intervening ridges, running E. and W .. are also overshadowed by lux- uriant forest trees. The northern sides of the hills have a deep, rich soil, adap- ted to corn and grass, and the south, though generally less fertile, produce wheat and rye abundantly. The wes- tern part of the co. is at present deem- ed too hilly for agriculture, but may one day be profitable to the herdsman and vine-dresser. Even now few coun- ties of the same extent and population send to market larger quantities of
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stock of every description, and the ||which are said to be not only ample breeding of horses, cattle, sheep and swine, is deemed the most advanta- tageous mode of employing lands, and immense droves are sent annually into the eastern part of this state and into Maryland. Large quantities of flour and whiskey are also taken by the Monongahela river to Pittsburg, and thence to New Orleans. This river affords a facile and safe navigation for more than & of the year.
There are no turnpike roads in the co. but good state and county roads traverse it in every direction ; and all the streams which cannot be safely forded are crossed by substantial bridges.
The co. was originally settled by emigrants from Maryland and Virginia whilst yet possessed by the aboriginal inhabitants ; but the efforts of the in- truders to establish permanent homes were wavering, and were frequently defcated by the natives previous to the arrival of the Crawfords, the Minors, the Swans, the Corblys and some other -equally daring and enterprising pio- neers. During the first seven years the emigrants were frequently assail- ed, in their persons and property, by the Indians, and their courage in repel- ling the savage foe and their pinience in enduring the privations caused by his depredations, now afford many a tale for the winter evening fire-sides of their descendants. The co. is now settled by persons from all parts of the U. S. and some from Germany, Ire- land, England and Scotland. The population amounted in 1800 to 8605, in 1810 to 12,544, in 1820 to 15,554, and in 1830 to 18,028 ; of whom 8884 were white males, 8823 white females, 157 free black males, 154 free black females, and 1 slave; of the whole there were 28 aliens, 5 deaf and dumb and 16 blind. Taxables in 1828, 3141. This population is divided into all the variety of religious sects known in the United States ; but the Methodist is the most numerous. The clergy are supported here, as elsewhere, by the contributions of their respective flocks,
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