USA > Pennsylvania > A gazetteer of the state of Pennsylvania : a part first, contains a general description of the state, its situation and extent, general geological construction, canals, and rail-roads, bridges, revenue, expenditures, public debt, &c. &c. ; part second, embraces ample descriptions of its counties, towns, cities, villages, mountains, lakes, rivers, creeks, &c. alphabetically arranged > Part 32
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ceives a considerable branch from the t-ship, called Saw Mill run, on which there is also a woollen factory. The creek is navigable to Lewis' mills, 2 ms. from its mouth. Lewis' grist mill is one of the oldest in the state, having been erected in 1697. Holmesburg and Bustleton are villages and post towns. The " Fox Chase" and "San- dy Hill" are hamlets of the t-ship. There are two academies, " Lower Dublin" and " Bustleton," both of which have received aid by lotteries granted by the state. There are also several other schools in the township. There are 3 Baptist meeting houses, the Pennypack meeting, 1 at Bustle- ton, and 1 at Holmesburg. The first is venerable for its age, and has been served by the most distinguished preachers of that sect. There is also a Methodist and an Episcopal church, the former at Holmesburg, and the latter, called " All Saints," on the Bris- tol road, about 10} ms. from the city. The poor house, for the incorporated district of Oxford and Lower Dublin, is situated on the Pennypack cr. near Holmesburg. Two turnpike roads cross the t-ship, the Bristol and the Smithfield roads.
Dublin, Upper, t-ship, Montgomery co. bounded on the N. E. by Hor- sham and Moreland, on the S. E. by Abington, on the S. by Springfield, on the S. W. by Whitemarsh, and on the N. W. by Guinedd t-ship. It is drained by several tributaries of the Wissahiccon creck; greatest length 31, breadth 3 ms .; area 6720 acres ; surface, rolling ; soil, limestone and loam. Pop. in 1830, 1292; taxables, 293. The p-o. called after the t-ship, is 153 ms. from W. C. and 167 from Harrisburg.
Dublin, a p-t. and small village on the line between Hilltown and Bed- minster t-ship, Bucks co. about 7 ms. N. W. of Doylestown, 166 from W. C. 97 from Harrisburg, contains 6 or 8 dwellings.
Dublin, t-ship, Bedford co. bounded N. by Huntingdon co. E. by Frank- lin co. S. by Air and Belfast t-ships,
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and W. by Hopewell t-ship. Cen- trally distant E. from Bedford 25 ms. ; greatest length 121, breadth 9} ms ; area 53,760 acres ; surface, level val- ley ; soil, limestone. Pop. in 1830, 801; taxables, 160. The Tuscarora mtn. is on the E. boundary, and Side- ling hill on the W. Scrub ridge runs into it from the S. and Shade mtn. from the N. Sidney Knob, a noted hill, is a spur of the Tuscarora.
It is drained on the S. by the head waters of Licking creek, on the N. by Little Augwick creek and Wooden Bridge creek. There is a small ham- let on the E. boundary, called the Burnt Cabins, at which there is a p-o.
Dublin, t-ship, Huntingdon county, bounded N. by Tell township, E. by Franklin co. S. by Bedford co. and W. by Springfield t-ship. Cen- trally distant S. E. from Huntingdon borough 21 ms. ; greatest length 8}, breadth 5 ms .; area 25,350 acres ; surface, mountainous ; soil, clay. Pop. in 1830, 666; taxables, 153. It is drained on the N. W. by Shade cr. on the S. by Little Augwick creek. Augwick valley occupies the middle of the t-ship, running N. E. and S. W. The Tuscarora mtn. lies on the E. and Shade mtn. on the W. boundaries. This t-ship contained, in 1828, 1 grist mill, 6 saw mills, 2 distilleries, 1 full- ing mill, 1 oil mill, 1 tanyard.
Dunbar, t-ship, Fayette co. bound- ed N. by Tyrone t-sp, E. by Youghi- ogheny r. which separates it from Con- nellsville t-ship, S. by Wharton and Union t-ships, and W. by Franklin. Centrally distant N. E. from Union 8 ms. ; greatest length 10, breadth 6 ms. ; area 23,600 acres ; surface, roll- ing ; soil, loam and limestone. Pop. .in 1830, 1722 ; taxables, 377. Lau- rel hill is on the S. E. boundary, whence proceeds Dunbar run, which flows N. W. and enters the r. at the p-t. of New Haven, opposite to Con- nellsville, giving motion to a forge, some mills and factories. East Liber- ty, another p-t. lies on the r. in the N. W. corner of the t-ship.
Duncansville, Allegheny township,
Huntingdon co. 2 ms. E. of Blair's gap, and about 25 ms. N. W. of Hun- tingdon borough, contains 10 dwell- ings, 3 taverns, 1 store, 2 smith shops, and a brewery.
Duncan's island, a large island, at and above the confluence of the Sus- quehannah and Juniata rs. formed by the branching of those streams. The eastern section of the Pennsylvania canal connects here with the Juniata division by a dam, and a bridge and tow path across the Susquehannah r. a short canal through the island and an aqueduct over the Juniata r.
Dundaff, a p-t. and borough in the S. E. angle of Clifford t-ship, Susque- hannah co. near Upper Chrystal lake, and on the road from Bethany to Mon- trose, 20 ms. N. W. of the former and 22 S. E. from the latter. It contains 1 Presbyterian church, and 1 banking house, formerly the property of a bank now extinct, 35 dwellings, 3 stores, 3 taverns. An extensive manufactory of window glass was established here in 1831, which in the close of the year manufactured 350 boxes of 8 by 10 glass per week. The town was in- corporated 5th March, 1828, and an academy established thereat, incorpo- rated by act 16th Feb. 1830.
Dunk's ferry, over the Delaware r. Bensalem t-ship, Bucks co. 16 miles above Philadelphia and 4 below Bris- tol.
Dunkville, small village of 6 or 8 dwellings, on the turnpike road be- tween Phila. and Bristol, 18 ms. from the former and 4 from the latter.
Dunkard, t-ship, Greene co. bound- ed N. by Grecne and Monongahela t-ships, E. by Monongahela and Cheat rs. S. by the state of Virginia, and W. by Whitely t-ship. Centrally distant from Waynesburg S. E. 15 miles ; greatest length 10, breadth 6 miles ; area 22,400 acres; surface, rolling ; soil, loam. Pop. in 1830, 1336 ; tax- ables, 235. Dunkard creek runs N. E. through the t-ship, and receives from it several small streams. Chcat r. and the Monongahela flow into the E. part of the t-ship from Virginia,
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and unite on the E. boundary, about 3 ms. N. of the state line.
Dunkard creek, a considerable stream which rises by many branches in Aleppo t-ship, Greene co. and flows along the S. boundary of the state, sometimes deviating into Virginia, the whole length of Greene co. to the Mo- nongahela on its eastern boundary. It receives many tributaries from the N. and S. in its course of more than 30 ms.
Dunlap's creek, Fayette co. rises in German t-ship and flows N. to the Mo- nongahela r. forming the boundary between Red Stone and Luzerne t- ships. Brownsville lies on the' E. and Bridgeport on the W. bank of the creek, at its confluence with the r.
Dunning's mountain, is a continua- tion of Evitt's mountain from the vi- cinity of the town of Bedford. It runs N. E. about 7 ms. thence turning to the N. W. it continues that course about 5 ms. and thence N. 15 ms. to the Frankstown branch of the Juniata river.
Dunstable, t-ship, Lycoming county, bounded N. and N. E. by Brown t- ship, E. by Pine Creek t-ship, S.E. and S. by the W. branch of the Susque- hannah r. and W. by Chapman t-ship. Centrally distant W. about 30 miles from Williamsport ; greatest length 30, breadth 15 ms. ; area, 92,800 acres ; surface, mountainous ; soil, various, chiefly limestone and slate. (See Ly- coming co.) Pop. in 1830, about 500; taxables 100; valuation of taxable property in 1829, seated lands $28, 454; unseated $8570; personal est. $4303; rate of levy 2 of 1 per cent. Beside the river, the principal stream is Lick run. But there are many other smaller streams in the t-ship. The country is almost a desert, but has lately grown into notice by the dis- covery and working of some coal mines on Lick run and other parts of the t-ship. The course of the r. here is from E. to W. finding its way among the mtns. and not breaking down and crossing the chains. The mtns. range from S. W. to N. E. ; on
their N. sides they are precipitous, rising so abruptly from the waters edge as scarce to afford space for a road, though between Lick run and Queen's run (3 ms. below Lick run), some 40 acres of interval or cotton land is found, presenting a favorable site for a town in regard to the coal operations of the two streams. On the N. of the r. the mountains have an elevation apparently of from 600 to 1000 feet; on the opposite side they are lower and less steep. Leaving the r. the traveller forsakes the habi- tation of man, nor, for many a weary mile, can a trace of his hand be found, unless, perchance, in the occasional marks of the surveyor, or the lair of the hunter; all seems interminable wilderness. There is not even an " opening" to be seen to offend the eye or sicken the heart of the most con- firmed " Leather Stocking." But the region is not devoid of inhabitants. Here may be seen every variety of the indigenous serpent, from the gar- ter to the rattle snake; and the wolf and the bear, the elk and the deer, prowling and bounding in these wilds. Improvement and population are con- fined to the narrow strips of land oc- curring on the borders of the r. and its larger tributaries. A string of set- tlements, some of them creditable to the owners, extend, with frequent in- terruption however, from the mtns. to the head of the river. Dunnstown, p-t. lies on the S. E. angle of the t- ship, upon the left bank of the r. about 25 ms. from Williamsport, 219 from W. C. and 112 from Harrisburg. It contains about 20 dwellings, a store and tavern.
Dunnstown, Dunstable t-ship, Ly- coming co. (see preceding article.)
Durham, t-ship, Bucks co. bounded N. by Lehigh co. E. by the river Del- awarc ; S. by Nockamixen t-ship, and W. by Springfield. Centrally distant N. E. from Doylestown 20 miles; and 12 ms. S. of Easton ; greatest length 3} miles, greatest breadth 3 miles; area 6337 acres. Cook's or Durham creek passes centrally through the
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t-ship, upon which there is a p-o. and || line forms an angle of 40° with the furnace, and a small village of 6 or 7 horizon. houses, with a mill, store, and tavern. Surface hilly ; soil, clay. Pop. 1830, 750; taxables in 1828, 127. In this t ship there is a singular limestone cave, which merits notice. It is vul- garly called the Devil's Hole, and is situate about 50 miles from Philadel- phia, in the angle of confluence of Durham creek and the Delaware. The entrance is about 100 yards W. of the latter, and 200 from the point of confluence. The height of the eminence enclosing the cavity is about 200 feet above the circumjacent land. From the pathway of the entrance, to the top of the rock above, the height is above 40 feet. Three or four per- sons may enter abreast, but not more, as the portal is obstructed by a ledge Durham creek, rises in springfield t- ship, Bucks co. and by a N. E. course of 10 miles flows through Durham t-ship, into the Delaware, near the cave called the Devil's Hole. It is a fine stream and turns several mills in its course. of rocks. The cave is divided into three great apartments, communicating with each other, by steep and rugged passages. After a descent of about 30 feet the first apartment is seen in its greatest extent, of which it is diffi- cult to form a correct estimate, by reason of the irregularity in the walls and roof. Some idea of the dimen- s'ons of these chambers may be form- ed by the following measurements.
Lth. Bth. Ht.
First apartment, average, 90 ft. 33, 20, Second do. do. 96, 40, 20
Third do.
do. . . 93, 16, 17,
Length of whole cave to the water's edge at the bottom.
279, feet. Breadth of the water, 20, feet.
The temperature of the air in this vault is from 54 to 62, the latter being that of the outer apartment. Some part of the vault is covered with a white crust somewhat crystallized; probably a petrefaction of the calcare- ous matter which exudes through the rock. It is easily severed with a hammer and in some places by the fin- ger. Over other parts of the arch there are incrustations of a dark color, which have the appearance of moss, but is as hard as the rock, and over it the water continually trickles.
At the bottom is a bason of excel- lent water, 20 feet in width, bounded by a wall, through which a conduit runs further into the earth, and com- municates with the creek and river. The surface of the water in the pool ri- ses and falls with that in the latter, and a freshet in the river, nearly fills the lower chamber. At the partition be- tween the first, and second apartments, there is a lateral branch of the cave extending 32 feet in length eastward- ly, and sufficiently wide, to permit the passage of two persons. From this there are two smaller branches, one running 22 feet north, the other 14 S., wide enough only to admit a single person.
Dutotsburg, a village and p-t. of Northampton co. situated on the river Delaware at its entrance into the water gap, about 22 miles from Easton, and at the foot of the Blue mountain on the N. side in Smithfield t-ship. It con- tains 8 dwellings and 1 tavern. It is 215 miles N. E. from W. C. and 128 from Harrisburg.
Duval creek, Asylum t-ship, Brad- ford co. rises in the t-ship, and flows N. E. along the N. W. boundary in- to the Susquehannah river.
Dyberry, t-ship, Wayne co. bound- ed N. by Mount Pleasant and Lebanon t-ships, E. by Damascus t-ship and Pike co., S. by Palmyra and Canaan t-ships, and W. by Canaan. It is shap- ed like an L. Greatest length, E. and W. 14 ms .; greatest breadth N. and S. 10 miles. It is drained by the |Lackawaxen and Dyberry creeks and their tributaries. The Milford and Owego, and the Bethany and Ding- man's Choice turnpike roads pass through the t-ship. There are in this
By supposition the descent in a right|t-ship 7 stores, 9 taverns, 3 grist mills,
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13 saw mills, 1 fulling mill, 1 carding machine, 36 looms, and 9 schools. Surface, hilly ; soil, gravel and loam. Pop. in 1830, 1078 ; taxables in 1828, 232; taxable property in 1829, seat- ed lands, $78,825; unseated, 44,509 ; personal estate, including occupations, 14,648.
Dyberry creek, a main branch of the Lackawaxen river, rises in Mt. Pleas- ant t-ship, Wayne co. and flows south- easterly through Lebanon and Dyber- ry t-ships, and near Bethany to Honcs- dale, where it unites with the Lacka- waxen. Its valley is deep, no where exceeding half a mile in breadth, and has rich alluvial flats. It is navigable for about 4 miles above its mouth. (See Honesdale.)
Dyerstown, a small hamlet on the road to Easton, from Doylestown, about 2 miles from the latter, in Plum- stead t-ship, Bucks co.
Earl, t-ship, Berks co. bounded N. by Pike, S. by Amity and Douglass, E. by Douglass and Colebrookdale, and W. by Oley. Greatest length, 4}, brdth. 31 ms. ; area, 9,520 acres; soil, gravel ; surface, very hilly ; the South mountain passing through it. Pop. in 1810, 653 ; in 1820, 934 ; in 1830, 979; taxables in 1828, 183. Mana- tawny creek passes through its S. W. corner, on which there is a forge, call- ed Spring forge.
Earl, t-ship, Lancaster co. bounded N. by Cocalico and Brecknock, E. by Caernarvon, S. by Salisbury and Lea- cock, and W. by Manheim and War- wick t-ships ; centrally distant from the city of Lancaster 13 miles N. W .; Length about 12 ms ; average breadth about 8 miles ; arca, 48,936 acres ; surface, rolling ; soil, red shale and gravel. Pop. in 1830, 5344; taxa- bles, 989. It is drained by the Cones- toga creek, which receives here from Brecknock t-ship, Muddy creek. The Dowingstown and Harrisburg turn- pike road crosses it from S. E. to N. W. and the Lancaster and Morgan- town turnpike from S. W. to N. E. On the former is situated Swope Town and Hinckletown, on the latter New
Holland. Hanstown lies in the north- ern part of the t-ship. There is a post office on the Harrisburg t-ship, near the Blue Ball tavern, called Earle, and one at New Holland, and a third at Hinkletown. There is also a forge on the Conestoga creek, near the eastern boundary, and there are 8 distilleries, 1 fulling mill and 4 grist mills in the t-ship.
Earleysburg, p-t. of Potter t-ship, Centre co. ncar the turnpike road lead- ing from Lewistown to Bellefonte in Penn's valley, about 8 miles S. E. of the latter town.
East Branch, t-ship, Venango co. bounded N. by Crawford and Warren t-ships, E. by Allegheny t-ship, S. by Windrock t-ship, and W. by Oil creek, which separates it from Cherry Tree t-ship; centrally distant N. E. from Franklin borough 16 miles ; greatest length, 7 miles, breadth 6 miles ; area, 19,200 acres; surface, rolling ; soil, gravel and loam. Population, very scanty. The township is not organ- ized, and is annexed to Cherry Tree t- ship. There is a bituminous oil spring in the N. part of the t-ship, upon Oil creek.
East Liberty, p-t. of Dunbar t-ship, Fayette co., on the south bank of the Youghioghieny river, in the N. W. an- gle of the t-ship, 11 miles N. E. of Uniontown, distant 201 ms. N. W. of W. C. and 178 S. W. from Harris- burgh.
East Liberty, t. of Pitt t-ship, Alle- gheny co. 6 ms. E. of Pittsburg, on the turnpike road, and near the head of Higley's run ; contains about 70 dwellings, 3 or 4 stores, as many tav- erns, and a Presbyterian church.
Easton, a p-t. and bor. Northamp- ton co., is the seat of justice, and the largest town in the county ; distant, 190 ms. N. E. from W. C. and 101 from Harrisburg, 56 N. from Philadel- phia, and 73 S. W. from New-York. It is situated at the confluence of the rivers Delaware and Lehigh, and ex- tends from the mouth of the latter, along the former, nearly a half mile, to the Bushkill creek, so that the town
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is bounded on three sides by water. It is built on ground which ascends in an angle of 5 deg. above the horizon, extending directly west from the Dela- ware. It contains five streets, running east and west, and three north and south, which have paved walks upon their sides. In the centre of the town is a public square, surrounding the court-house. The other public build- ings are, five churches, Presbyterian, Episcopalian, 2 German Lutheran, &c. and an academy, in which the languages are taught. By act of as- sembly 9th March, 1826, a college was established, under the title of " La Fayette College." But we are igno- rant of the progress made in confirm- ing the institution. The buildings are chiefly of stone or brick, and two sto- ries high. The number of dwellings are about 600, besides shops and other out houses, one third of which are of brick. Easton was incorporated into a borough on the 23d of Sept. 1789, and now forms a township. There is an elegant bridge, of wood, of three arches, covered, 600 feet long and 24 feet wide, over the Delaware, which cost $80,000. Across the Lehigh, a chain bridge, suspended on four chains, hanging in two loops and two half loops, having two pass ways for teams, and a foot-walk between, guarded by hand railings. Its length is 423 feet, width 25 feet. There are also two other bridges over the Bushkill. There are two daily lines of stages which run between this town and Philadel- phia, and also stages from it to every part the country. There are here 5 fire engines, 3 hose carriages with 2300 ft. hose ; 2 volunteer companies and I troop of horse ; 7 physicians, 13 lawyers, &c. &c. The country adjacent to the town is bold, broken, and romantic. The soil is highly pro- ductive, and being well cultivated, gives a most pleasing aspect to the vi- cinity of Easton. Farm houses, or- chards, fields and meadows, are com- mingled along the bottoms of the river and the slopes of the hills. Bushkill creek, one of the finest mill streams of
the United States, passes the Chestnut ridge within the borough, and by a winding and precipitous course affords many valuable mill seats. There are within the boundaries of the town 3 oil mills, 6 grist mills, 2 saw mills, 2 dis- tilleries, 3 tanneries, 1 brewery, 1 wholesale grocery and liquor store, 33 retail stores, 3 drug and medicine stores, four printing presses, which is- sue 5 weekly papers, with a full pro- portion of other stores, shops, and me- chanical professions, necessary to the comforts of a rich and thriving popu- lation ; a library, formed in 1811, containing about 3000 volumes, and an interesting cabinet of minerals, &c .; 2 banks, one a branch of that of Penn- sylvania, the other, the Easton Bank, erected under the act of assembly of 1814, with a capital of $400,000. The trade of the town is very consid- erable, particularly in the article of flour, which constitutes the principal staple of the county. Pop. in 1810, 1657; in 1820, 2370 ; in 1830, 3529; taxables in 1828, 660. The town is supplied. with water, conveyed in iron pipes from a spring about a mile from the borough.
Easton, South, a village lately laid out by the Lehigh navigation compa- ny, on the S. bank of the Lehigh riv- er, and opposite to Easton. There are already several good houses put up in this town, and many more will doubtless be immediately erected, since the advantages derivable from the wa- ter created by the Lehigh canal, are here very great, and offer attractions of no ordinary character to the capi- talist and the manufacturer.
Eastown, t-ship, Chester co. bound- ed N. and N. W. by Tredyffrin, S. W. by Radnor, S. by Newtown, and W. by Willistown t-ships. Centrally distant from Philadelphia 16 miles ; length, 3 miles ; breadth, 22; area, 4,650 acres ; surface, gentle declivi- ties ; soil, sandy loam. Population in 1830, 648. Taxables in 1828, 137. Darby creek crosses the t-ship, from W. to E. diagonally.
Eaton, t-ship, Luzerne county, (so
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named in honor of Gen. William Ea- ton, a native of Massachusetts, and the hero of Derne, in Barbary,) is bounded N. N. E. and E. by the Sus- quehannah river, which separates it from Tunkhannock and Falls, S. by Northmoreland, and N. W. by Windham. It is generally hilly, and some part of it mountainous ; the Al- legheny hills covering almost its whole suface. Bowman's ridge terminates in this t-ship, on the Susquehannah river, in a high eminence called the " Knob," whose altitude is 1150 feet above the river. A good portion of it may be cultivated. It produces some agricultural products, and con- siderable lumber for market. The great stage route from Wilkesbarre to Montrose, passes through it. It is situated about 25 miles N. of Wilkes- barre, has a p-office, called after the t-ship, distant from W. C. 251 miles, and 143 from Harrisburg. Bowman's creek flows through it in a N. E. course, and unites with the river on the N. side of the Knob, turning sev- eral mills on its way. A ferry is es- tablished over the river, above the mouth of the creek. The t-ship is ir- regular in form. Its greatest length E. and W. is 10 miles ; breadth N. and S. about 6 miles ; area, 25,600 acres. Population in 1830, about 600. Taxables in 1828, 110.
East Penn, t-ship, Northampton co. bounded N. by Mauch Chunk t-ship, S. by Lehigh county, E. by the Lc- high river, and W. by Schuylkill co. Its greatest length is 8 miles ; breadth, 62 miles. The surface of the coun- try is mountainous; the soil, grav- el and red shale. Population in 1830, 807. Taxable in 1828, 222. Bur- lington and Lehighton are villages within this t-ship. The latter is a thriving and beautifully situated place, near which is a church, and the Ma- honing creek, on which is a furnace. Lizzard creek also passes through the t-ship, to the Lehigh river, over which is an excellent bridge. The Lehigh water gap and Kunckle's gap, through the Blue mountains, are on the south-
Jern part of the t-ship. The chief product of the t-ship is rye. There is a p-office here called after the t-ship, distant 191 miles from W. C. and 91 from Harrisburg.
Ebensburgh, a borough, p-t. and st. of jus. of Cambria county, 70 miles E. from Pittsburg, and 2 miles N. E. from Beula, N. lat. 40° 31,' long 1º 41' W. from W. C. Popula. in 1830, 270. It is situated on the Allegheny mountain, and commands a grand and extensive view of the surrounding country. There is a considerable bo- dy of fine timbered land in the neigh- borhood. The population of the town and the adjacent country is composed chiefly of industrious, moral and thri- ving people from Wales, and Ireland. It contains between 30 and 40 houses, 3 meeting-houses ; 1 Baptist, 1 Con- grega. 1 Catholic, 6 taverns, 7 stores, and a p-o. The turnpike road from Hollidaysburg to Indiana runs through the town, and another turnpike road runs from it to Pittsburg .A handsome brick academy was built here by an appropriation of $2,000, by the state, in 1819. A new court-house has late- ly been erected, of brick, and county offices. Formerly, the courts were held for years, in the second story of an old ricketty wooden building, the lower story being occupied as the jail. A ludicrous story is told of a moun- tain suitor who, being obstreperous in his drink, was committed for contempt of court, to this prison. This punish- ment induced a fit of devotion, attend- ed by an unconquerable desire for Psalm-singing, in the gratification of which, he purchased the aid of a fel- low prisoner. Their joint perform- ance overpowered even the loudest tones of the advocate who was ad- dressing the jury, and compelled the court to adjourn until the term of com- mittal of the prisoner had expired. The town was incorporated by act 15th Jan. 1825.
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